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AP BIOLOGY Cell Organelle & Cellular Transport Ch. 4 and 5 TEST REVIEW TEST DATE__________________ ***Be sure to review your guided reading notes as well as the QR codes for practice tests at the end of the chapters.******BE SURE TO WATCH THE VIDEOS POSTED ON THE WEBSTIE***AP Biology IDEA’s 2 and 4Main Points:Prokaryotes are simple cells with no nucleus or membrane bound organellesAnimal cells do not contain a large vacuole, cell walls or chloroplastsPlant cells do contain centrioles or lysosomesThe cell membrane is composed of phospholipids as well as other molecules that allows it to regulate, communicate and maintain homeostasisMolecules can cross the cell membrane either passively (osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion) or by active transport.Cell signaling is accomplished through signal transduction pathways.Study Guide Questions:What are the 3 components to the cell theory?Why is the relationship between surface area and volume important?Use the table to compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.ProkaryoteEukaryoteNucleus or No NucleusSingle cell, Multicellular or both?Asexual or Sexual Reproduction?Cellular ComponentsExamples and diagramReview the organelle function table in your notesBe able to describe the fluid mosaic model and differences in lipid composition between species. Be able to describe the following roles of the cell membrane parts: integral proteins, peripheral proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins, phospholipidsUse the table to compare and contrast the following types of cell transport.Type of cell transportDescriptionMovement of molecules (HL or LH)ExamplesDiffusionFacilitated diffusionOsmosisActive TransportMultiple Choice PracticeThe present of which of the following organelles or structures would most convincingly indicate that cell is a eukaryote and not a prokaryote?plasma membranecell wallribosomenucleus Among the following choices, which one would most readily move through a selectively permeable membrane?Small, uncharged polar moleculesProtein hormonesLarge, uncharged polar moleculesGlucoseWhich of the following forms of cell transport requires the input of energy?DiffusionOsmosisExocytosisFacilitated diffusionWhich of the following is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?mitochondriacentrioleribosomenucleusWhich of the following represents an incorrect description of an organelle’s function?Chloroplast : solar energy conversionPeroxisomes : produces hydrogen peroxide as a by productNucleus : stores hereditary materialLysosomes : uses digestive enzymes to breakdown materials Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?a.ribosomeb.lysosomec.smooth endoplasmic reticulumd.mitochondrion Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?a.rough ERb.lysosomesc.plasmodesmatad.Golgi vesicles In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?a.chloroplastb.lysosomec.central vacuoled. peroxisomes9.Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?a.lysosomeb.vacuolec.mitochondriond.Golgi apparatus10.Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?a.lysosomeb.vacuolec.mitochondriond.Golgi apparatus11.Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?a.lysosomeb.vacuolec.mitochondriond.Golgi anelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA includea.ribosomes.b.mitochondria.c.chloroplasts.d.B and C only.13.A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,a.mitochondria and chloroplasts.b.chloroplasts and peroxisomes.c.peroxisomes and chloroplasts.d.chloroplasts and mitochondria.14.Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?a.chloroplastsb.mitochondriac.leucoplastsd.peroxisomes15.Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?a.the nuclear envelopeb.mitochondriac.microfilamentsd.lysosomes16.Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is correct?a.cell wall: support, protectionb.chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respirationc.chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleusd.ribosomes: secretion17.Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell througha.plasmodesmata.b.gap junctions.c.tight junctions.d.desmosomes.18.Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?a.ER ? Golgi ? nucleusb.Golgi ? ER ? lysosomec.nucleus ? ER ? Golgid.ER ? Golgi ? vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane19.Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?a.chloroplastb.wall made of cellulosec.central vacuoled.mitochondrion20.Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within thea.mitochondria.b.ribosomes.c.peroxisomes.d.lysosomes.21.In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the following?a.hydrophilicb.hydrophobicc.pletely covered with phospholipids22.Of the following functions, which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes?a.facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradientsb.active transport of molecules against their concentration gradientsc.a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from anotherd.maintaining membrane fluidity at low temperatures23.Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?a.It is very rapid over long distances.b.It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.c.It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.d.It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.24.Water passes quickly through cell membranes becausea.the bilayer is hydrophilic.b.it moves through hydrophobic channels.c.it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.d.it is a small, polar, charged molecule.25.A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?a.It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.b.The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.c.The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells.d.The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells.26.A cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 molar glucose. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell?a.turgidb.hypertonicc.hypotonicd.isotonicRefer to the figure and information below to answer question number 27.-30678115760700The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same.27.If you examine side A after 3 days, you should finda.a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water level.b.a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in the concentration of glucose.c.no net change in the system.d.a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level.28.Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?a.The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.b.The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.c.The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.d.The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.29.Which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis?a.facilitated diffusion.b.movement of water into a cellc.Na+ ions moving out of the celld.movement of glucose molecules30.The movement of potassium into an animal cell requiresa.low cellular concentrations of sodium.b.high cellular concentrations of potassium.c.an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.d.a cotransport protein.31.Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every kingdom of organisms. What does this most probably mean?a.Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on the earth.b.Proton pumps are fundamental to all cell types.c.The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump mechanism.d.Cells with proton pumps were maintained in each Kingdom by natural selection.32.An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?a.diffusionb.osmosisc.active transportd.phagocytosis33.White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?a.exocytosisb.phagocytosisc.pinocytosisd.osmosis34.In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis?a.on the outside of vesiclesb.on the inside surface of the cell membranec.on the inside surface of the vesicled.on the outer surface of the nucleusFree Response Writing Practice:Google the 2013 ap biology FRQ scoring guidelines and then look for questions 3 and 8 Explain the importance of microvilli in cells such as the cells that line the intestines.Explain how proteins made on the RER are transported out of the cell.Explain how the process by which a ligand would result in either a cytoplasmic or nuclear response.Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semi-permeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, were filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10-minute intervals, the bags were massed (weighed) and the percent change in mass of each bag was graphed.-29296411041400Which line represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 molar solution at the beginning of the experiment? Why?Which line represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose? Why?Calculate the water potential for the 0.6 M sucrose solution at 25degrees Celsius in an open container.What environmental factors could impact the rate osmosis for the bags?Explain if the 0.6M solution is hypertonic or hypotonic to bag A.What would be required for the glucose to be permeable to the cell? ................
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