POGIL Activity on Macromolecules - AP Biology



POGIL Activity on The Integumentary System

(Hair, Skin, Nails)

Life is organized in the following levels: Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, Organ System Level, and finally, Organism. We now move on to the Organ System Level and start our exploration of the Integumenatry System. This system contains the body’s largest organ, the skin. It also includes the hair and nails.

Objectives:

1. Students will be able to identify the layers of the skin.

2. Students will be able to identify the functions of selected structures within the skin.

MODEL 1:

[pic]

1. Looking at Model 1, list the three layers that comprise the skin .

2. What other recognizable features of this model do you observe? Try to list 3.

3. Given your observations, what functions to you believe skin serves?

Model 2:

[pic]

4. For each of the functions below, list the skin structure associated.

a. Secretion of sweat:______________________________

b. Secretion of Oil:________________________________

c. Protect/cushion/insulate the skin:_______________________________

d. Bring oxygenated blood/remove deoxygenated blood:_____________________________

e. Allow for sensations to be delivered to the brain:_________________________________

f. Causes hair to stand up:__________________________________

g. Gives the skin its color:___________________________________

5. Go back to Model 1 and label 3-4 structures on the skin diagram that you now know.

6. Make your own simplified diagram of the skin below. Label the 3 primary layers of skin and include 5 other skin structures, labeled.

The epidermis of the skin has 5 specialized layers. In this model, you will observe the structure and function of these layers. Keratinocytes are cells that produce keratin, a waterproofing protein.

Langerhans cells are spcialized cells that recognize and fight off foreign invaders.

Model 3:

[pic]

7. List the 5 layers of the epidermis from the most superficial layer to the deepest. [pic]

8. List the layer(s) of the epidermis that are associated with each word or phrase below:

a. Waterproofing:

b. High Mitotic Rate:

c. Found in thicker skin:

d. Protect from chemical/mechanical stress:

e. Fight off pathogens:

9. Label the layers on the diagram to the right.

Model 4:

These are microscopic images of human skin.

[pic]

10. In pictures a and b above, what are the arrows pointing to? What layer of the epidermis does this come from?

11. Choose one image from above and label the stratum corneum, stratum basale and stratum spinosum layers of the epidermis.

12. Choose another picture from above and label the epidermis and the dermis layers of the skin.

13. What observations can you make when comparing images c and d? Where on the body might skin from image C be found? Image D?

Teachers Guide

Answer Key

1. Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Fat

2. Answers will vary. May include hair, blood vessels, fat cells, pores

3. Answers will vary, may include protection, sweat for temperature regulation, hair for warmth

4. a. Secretion of sweat:____sweat glands__________________________

b. Secretion of Oil:_______sebaceous glands_________________________

c. Protect/cushion/insulate the skin:__________subcutaneous tissue (fat)_____________________

d. Bring oxygenated blood/remove deoxygenated blood:_______blood vessels (arteries/veins)_________

e. Allow for sensations to be delivered to the brain:_______nerves__________________________

f. Causes hair to stand up:_________errector pili muscle_________________________

g. Gives the skin its color:_________melanocytes_______________________

5.

[pic]

6. Diagrams will vary.

7. Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale

8. a. Waterproofing: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Gransulosum

b. High Mitotic Rate: Stratum Basale

c. Found in thicker skin: Stratum Lucidum

d. Protect from chemical/mechanical stress: Stratum Corneum

e. Fight off pathogens: Stratum Spinosum

9.

[pic]

10. Dead skin cells flaking off of the stratum corneum layer.

11. and 12.

[pic]

13. C seems to be much thinner skin then image D. Thinner layers of the epidermis. This being the case, image C might be found on thin areas such as the eyelids or ears. Skin from image D might be from palms or soles of feet.

-----------------------

Hair follicle, surrounds the base of the hair.

Contracts to make hairs stand upon end..

Flat, dead cells.. Protect against pathogens, waterproofing, chemical and mechanical stress. These cells are shed frequently.

Clear, thin layer of dead skin cells. These are found only in thick skin regions (soles of feet)

Thin layer of cells that become more keratinized to enhance the waterproofing of the skin.

Several layers of cuboidal/irregular shaped keritonocytes. Also contains some Langerhans cells

Columnar epithelial cells divide and give rise to the keratinocytes in the spinosum.

[pic]

Hair

Sweat pore

Sweat gland

Blood vessels

Stratum Basale

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Corneum

Dermis

Epidermis

Stratum Basale

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Spinosum

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download