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AP BIOLOGY REVIEW SHEETUnit 2—Cell Structure & TransportBig Ideas 1, 2, 3, 4Cell Structure ObjectivesVocabulary:Cytoplasm/Cytosol NucleusNuclear Envelope Nucleolus DNA Chromosome Chromatin Ribosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumGolgi Body (Apparatus)—Cisternae, Vesicles LysosomeAutophagy, Autolysis PeroxysomesGlyoxysomes Mitochondria—Cristae, Matrix PlastidsChloroplast—Thylakoids, stromaChromoplastAmyloplast Vacuoles—central, food, contractileCytoskeletonMicrotubulesMicrofilamentsIntermediate Filaments Flagella CiliaCentriolesCentrosome Cell Wall Intercellular JunctionsPlasmodesmataTight Junctions Gap Junctions,DesmosomesCompartmentalizationEndomembrane SystemRecognize, name, and give functions of various cell organelles/parts.Study cell part flashcards. (Suggestion: Make flashcards for terms that are not cell parts themselves, i.e. autophagy, endomembrane system)Give the functions of the following cell parts:CytosolNucleusNuclear EnvelopeNucleolusDNARibosomeSmooth ERRough ERGolgi ApparatusLysosomePeroxysomesGlyoxysomesMitochondriaChloroplastChromoplastAmyloplastCentral vacuoleFood vacuoleContractile VacuoleCytoskeletonMicrotubulesMicrofilamentsIntermediate FilamentsFlagellaCiliaCentriolesCentrosomesCell wallDesmosomesTight junctionsGap junctionsPlasmodesmataExplain how the structure of an organelle/cell part relates to its function.Describe the structure of the following cell parts and how that structure allows for its function:Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmoot Endoplasmic ReticulumCell WallCentral VacuoleNucleusMitochondriaChloroplastGolgi ApparatusLysosomesPeroxysomesMicrotubulesDiscuss the advantages of compartmentalization to cell function and illustrate how the cell functions as a system.What do mean when we say eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized? How is this advantageous to eukaryotic cells?Describe how the parts of the endomembrane system work together in protein synthesis and export.Describe how three other parts of the cell (not a part of the endomembrane system) work together / are inter-related for cell function.Discuss the issue of limited cell size and why it occurs. (Answer this using SA-V ratio in your answer.)Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells in terms of structure. Describe how these similarities and differences provide evidence for the evolutionary relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.325945438163500167830535306000Make a Venn Diagram to show the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure.Define serial endosymbiosis.Describe the evidence scientists use to support the endosymbiotic theory.Provide two other pieces of evidence that support the evolutionary relationship between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Cell Transport ObjectivesVocabulary:Fluid Mosaic ModelPhospholipidsHydrophobicHydrophilicCholesterolIntegral ProteinsPeripheral ProteinsTransmembrane ProteinsCarbohydratesGlycolipidsGlycoproteinsSemi-permeableSelectively PermeableTransport ProteinsPassive TransportConcentration GradientElectrochemical GradientDiffusionFacilitated DiffusionOsmosisEquilibriumIsotonicHypertonicHypotonicOsmoregulationTurgidFlaccidPlasmolysisWater PotentialActive TransportEndocytosisPinocytosisPhagocytosisReceptor-mediated EndocytosisExocytosisSurface Area to Volume RatioDiagram, label, and give the function of each component of the cell membrane in the fluid mosaic model.Diagram and label all of the components of the plasma membrane as described in the fluid mosaic model. Then describe the function of each part in a sentence or less.List, define, and provide examples of the types of transport that occur across a membrane; identify which membrane structure is used in each type of transport.Fill in the chart below regarding active and passive transport.Passive TransportActive TransportDefinitionCharacteristicsList and describe the types of transport that fit under each category. Also include the types of molecules and part(s) of the plasma membrane involved with each type/example.An artificial cell with a synthetic membrane that is permeable to monosaccharides but is impermeable to disaccharides and polysaccharides is placed into a beaker. The following solutes are dissolved in water within the cell: 0.3M Sucrose, 0.8M Glucose, and 0.4M Starch. The solution surrounding the cell has the following solutes dissolved in water: 0.2M Sucrose, 0.5M Glucose, 0.9M Starch.Is the surrounding solution hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic to the cell?In which direction will water diffuse?In which direction will glucose diffuse?In which direction will sucrose diffuse?In which direction will starch diffuse?Predict the movement of water based on differences in water potential.Which has a higher water potential: 0.5M NaCl solution or 0.75M Glucose solution? Show your calculations to support your answer.If the 0.5M NaCl solution is inside a synthetic cell and the 0.75M glucose solution is outside the cell, what direction will water move, into or out of the cell? ................
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