Chapter 18: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria-Worksheet



Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: ______ AP Biology/ Ms. Day

Unit #8: Viral and Bacterial Genetics “Quiz”

_____ 1) Which of the following is (are) true about viruses?

A) Viruses are classified as the smallest living object on Earth.

B) A single virus particle contains both DNA and RNA.

C) Viruses are made up of nucleic acid and protein.

D) Only A and C are true.

E) A, B, and C are true.

_____ 2) Viral genomes can consist of any of the following except

A) double-stranded DNA. C) single-stranded DNA. E) helical capsomeres.

B) double-stranded RNA. D) single-stranded RNA.

_____3) Which of the following is characteristic of the lytic cycle?

A) Many bacterial cells containing viral DNA are produced.

B) Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome.

C) The viral genome replicates without destroying the host.

D) A large number of phages are released at a time.

E) The virus-host relationship usually lasts for generations.

_____4) Virulent phages undergo a(n) ____ life cycle, whereas temperate phages are capable of undergoing a(n) ____ cycle.

A) infective; retroviral C) lytic; lysogenic E) infective; benign

B) lysogenic; lytic D) retroviral; infective

_____ 5) Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Viruses are uncommon. D) All viruses contain the nucleic acid RNA.

B) Viruses can cause diarrhea, colds, and measles. E) Viruses only invade animal cells.

C) All viruses have a similar capsid and membranous envelope.

_____ 7) Which of the following can be effective against getting or treating viral diseases?

A) vaccination D) A and B only

B) nucleoside analogs that inhibit DNA synthesis E) A, B, and C

C) antibiotics

_____ 8) Which of the following contributes to the emergence of viral disease?

A) production of new virus strains through mutation D) A and B only

B) spread of existing virus from one host species to another E) A, B, and C

C) transformation from lytic to lysogenic activity

_____9) Which of the following represents a difference between viruses and viroids?

A) Viruses infect many types of cells, whereas viroids infect only prokaryotic cells.

B) Viruses have capsids composed of protein, whereas viroids have no capsids.

C) Viruses contain introns; viroids have only exons.

D) Viruses always have genomes composed of DNA, whereas viroids always have genomes composed of RNA.

E) Viruses cannot pass through plasmodesmata; viroids can.

____ 10) What are prions?

|A) |misfolded versions of normal brain protein |D) viruses that invade bacteria |

|B) |tiny molecules of RNA that infect plants |E) a mobile segment of DNA |

|C) |viral DNA that has had to attach itself to the host genome | |

11.

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12. What kind of virus is shown (pictured) in question #11? ________________________________________

13.

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14.

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15. What is the phage reproductive cycle that replicates the phage genome without destroying the host? _______________________

_____ 16. In biotechnology, genes are commonly introduced into bacterial cells by incubating the cells together with DNA and high concentrations of calcium ions. This is an example of

A) transformation.

B) translocation.

C) transduction.

D) conjugation.

E) transposition.

______ 17. What does bacterial mating involve?

A) exchange of egg and sperm

B) formation of a cytoplasmic bridge for the transfer of "male" DNA

C) sex pili that draw the cells together so that mRNA can be inserted

D) integration of male and female DNA into a cytoplasmic bridge

E) binary fission of a bacterial cell

_______ 18. What does the operon model attempt to explain?

A) the coordinated control of gene expression in bacteria

B) bacterial resistance to antibiotics

C) how genes move between homologous regions of DNA

D) the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell

E) horizontal transmission of plant viruses

_______ 19. All of the following are made up of nucleic acid except a

A) repressor. B) structural gene. C) promoter. D) regulatory gene. E) operator.

______ 20. A mutation that inactivates the regulatory gene of a repressible operon in an E. coli cell would result in

A) continuous transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator.

B) complete inhibition of transcription of the structural gene controlled by that regulator.

C) irreversible binding of the repressor to the operator.

D) inactivation of RNA polymerase.

E) both B and C

_______ 21. Which of the following statements about operons is (are) true?

A) The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon.

B) Tryptophan itself can bind to the trp operator and shut down production of tryptophan pathway enzymes.

C) The lactose operon repressor binds to the operator and turns on the synthesis of the enzyme β–galactosidase.

D) Only A and C are correct.

E) A, B, and C are correct.

_______ 22. For a repressible operon to be transcribed, which of the following must be true?

A) A corepressor must be present.

B) RNA polymerase and the active repressor must be present.

C) RNA polymerase must bind to the promoter, and the repressor must be inactive.

D) RNA polymerase cannot be present, and the repressor must be inactive.

E) RNA polymerase must not occupy the promoter, and the repressor must be inactive.

______ 23. Which of these is not a component of the lac operon?

A) lactose-utilization genes C) regulatory gene E) promoter and operator

B) promoter D) operator

_______24. How does active CAP induce expression of the genes of the lactose operon?

A) It terminates production of repressor molecules.

B) It degrades the substrate allolactose.

C) It stimulates splicing of the encoded genes.

D) It stimulates the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

E) It binds steroid hormones and controls translation.

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