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AP Chemistry 2020 Recommended PracticeNOTE: This assignment will be not be graded, but is recommended for practice before taking AP Chemistry. Answers and resources will be posted on my teacher website later in the summer. This packet focuses on content you should know from first semester of year chemistry:what was learned about the atom through basic discoveries (Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford)the spelling and symbols of the common elements (attached at the end)how to read or determine the following information on the periodic tableatomic numberaverage atomic mass most common oxidation state (charge)how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a given isotope or ionhow to name and write the formulas for binary ionic and covalent compounds and ternary ionic compoundsprefixes for covalentwhen to use roman numerals (Sn, Sb, Pb, and transition metals, but not for Ag, Zn, and Cd)the spelling and symbols of the polyatomic ions (attached) by the 2nd week of schoolhow to name and write the formulas for acids dimensional analysis to convert from one unit to another, especially using metric units: m, L, g, as base units; pico, nano, micro, milli, centi, kilo as prefixes; cm3, mL, for volumeA test over Ch. 1 and 2 of the textbook, Brown and LeMay “Chemistry: The Central Science” will be given the second week of school. Our textbook with examples is online here:(Brown_et_al.)?fbclid=IwAR2FWO-Iy0ASQlZbyg4Ci6-0rNRkmBKpt6c1t-1mkqA7yTp4L8GNTBsjIxAThe AP Chemistry periodic table, which is allowed to be used for all assignments and assessments can be downloaded here: 1: The Basics about the Atom and the DiscoveriesMatch the scientist with discovery_____ Proposed that atoms exist, but didn’t know about subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, or electrons), isotopes, or radioactivity_____ Used cathode rays to discover the existence of electrons_____Used the oil drop experiment to determine the mass of an electron_____ Shot alpha radiation at gold foil and discovered the nucleus_____ Discovered the nucleus was very dense, contained protons______ Discovered that electrons weighed about 2,000x less than a proton______ Discovered that the while almost all of the mass is in the nucleus, most of the volume is empty______ Discovered the neutronDaltonThomsonMillikanRutherfordChadwickMatch the part of the atom with the description_____ and _____ Weighs approximately 1 amu, or 1 u_____ Weighs about 2,000 times less than a proton, or 0.005 u_____ Has a positive charge_____ Has a negative charge_____ Has no charge (neutral)_____ and _____ Located in the nucleus_____ and _____ Included in the mass number of an isotope_____ The number of these in an atom define the element_____ Included in the atomic number_____ and ____ The number of these can vary for a given elementprotonneutronelectronTrue or False?_____ When you weigh an atom, you are essentially weighing the nucleus._____ Most of the (volume of an) atom is empty space._____ Besides protons, neutrons, and electrons, nothing else is in the atom._____ All atoms with 9 protons are fluorine._____ All fluorine atoms have 9 protons._____ A fluorine atom with more or less than 9 electrons is an ion._____ Atoms of the same element that have different weights are called isotopes._____ Atoms with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called isotopes.Part 2: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an isotope or ion?You should use a periodic table to complete the table below. Assume the species are neutral unless told otherwise.elementZ(atomic #)A(mass #)# protons# neutrons# electronsIsotopic symbol 1.lithium - 66 2.37 3.silicon - 3016 4.92235 5.chlorine-3737 6.silver- 108108 7.2935 8. 9.10.hydrogen - 2(deuterium)1211.12112.tungsten - 18313.radon - 22314.71515.51016.695117.506918.oxide ion810O-219.potassium ion2018K+120.nitride ion710Part 3: Binary Compounds (Compounds with 2 elements)I. Write the correct chemical formula for each of the following ionic compounds.(capitalization matters)lithium sulfide________________________nickel (III) fluoride________________________barium phosphide________________________sodium phosphide________________________cobalt (III) bromide________________________magnesium arsenide________________________zinc nitride________________________mercury (II) iodide________________________cesium fluoride________________________chromium (II) sulfide________________________silver bromide________________________antimony (III) oxide_______________________gallium chloride________________________calcium iodide________________________strontium arsenide________________________aluminum oxide________________________iron (III) telluride________________________nickel (II) bromide________________________tin (II) nitride________________________lead (IV) hydride________________________II. Write the correct name for each of the following ionic compounds. (spelling matters)Cs2S__________________________________BeS__________________________________CoCl2__________________________________Cu2S__________________________________SnF2__________________________________NaF__________________________________LiH__________________________________RaO__________________________________PbS2__________________________________AgCl__________________________________Al2S3__________________________________K3N__________________________________CrO__________________________________Fe2S3__________________________________HgCl2__________________________________Sb3P2__________________________________CdI2__________________________________MnF4__________________________________Data Table 1. Prefixes used for Covalent Compounds.NumberPrefixNumberPrefix1mono-6hexa-2di-7hepta-3tri-8octa-4tetra-9nona-5penta-10deca-III. Write the correct formula for each of the following molecular (covalent) compounds. (capitalization matters)dichlorine monoxide____________silicon dioxide____________sulfur trioxide____________chlorine trifluoride____________phosphorus tribromide____________phosphorus pentachloride____________carbon monoxide____________diphosphorus trioxide____________carbon dioxide____________dinitrogen pentoxide____________IV. Write the correct name for each of the following molecular (covalent) compounds. (spelling matters)N2O4__________________________________SiF4__________________________________SiO2__________________________________IF7__________________________________PCl3__________________________________B2O3__________________________________BF3__________________________________N2O__________________________________As2O5__________________________________P5O10__________________________________V. Write the correct formula for each of the following binary compounds. Some are ionic, some are molecular.TIP: Ionic compounds contain a metal and/or a polyatomic ion. Covalent/molecular compounds are two nonmetals period.dinitrogen tetroxide____________potassium oxide____________manganese (III) bromide____________diphosphorus pentoxide____________sulfur hexafluoride____________ cesium nitride____________VI. Write the correct name for each of the following binary compounds. Some are ionic, some are molecular.Co2O3__________________________________P4O10__________________________________SnO__________________________________SbI5__________________________________P4O6__________________________________CaS__________________________________AgI__________________________________SiH4__________________________________SO2__________________________________CF4 __________________________________Part 4: Polyatomic IonsGive the correct formula (subscripts and charges should be correct) for the following polyatomic ions.sulfate___________carbonate___________phosphate___________peroxide___________cyanide___________cyanate___________thiocyanate___________perbromate___________hypoiodite___________hydroxide___________chromate___________oxalate___________hydrogen phosphate ___________bicarbonate___________acetate___________thiosulfate___________Give the correct name for the following polyatomic ions.SO32-__________________________________Cr2O72- ___________________________________PO33- ___________________________________H2PO4- ___________________________________MnO4- ___________________________________AsO43- ___________________________________TeO32- ___________________________________NH4+ ___________________________________Fe(CN)63-__________________________________Fe(CN)64- _________________________________NO3 ____________________________________FO4- _____________________________________BrO3- _____________________________________IO2_ ______________________________________Part 5: Ternary Compounds (Compounds with polyatomic ions)I. Write the correct formula for the following ternary compounds (capitalization counts!)potassium nitrate___________copper (I) thiosulfate___________calcium phosphate___________iron (II) acetate___________potassium permanganate___________magnesium chromate___________cobalt (II) chlorite___________tungsten (II) borate___________barium nitrite___________aluminum sulfate___________cesium hydroxide___________manganese (IV) oxalate___________iron (III) carbonate___________sodium bromate___________zinc hydroxide___________ammonium periodate___________cesium dichromate___________tin (IV) cyanide___________strontium thiocyanate___________silver bromate___________sodium thiosulfate___________mercury (I) sulfite___________cadmium hydroxide___________lithium thiosulfate___________cobalt (III) phosphate___________lead (IV) hydrogen carbonate___________lithium dihydrogen phosphate___________ammonium iodate___________tin (IV) hydrogen sulfite___________aluminum carbonate___________sodium thiocyanate___________manganese (IV) sulfate___________sodium perchlorate___________mercury (II) phosphite___________cadmium hexacyanoferrate (III)___________calcium acetate___________Name the following ternary compounds: Spelling counts!NaNO3___________________________________K3PO4___________________________________NH4NO2___________________________________Sb3(PO3)5___________________________________K2CO3___________________________________BeSO4___________________________________Li2CrO4___________________________________Ag2CO3___________________________________Ba(ClO2)2___________________________________Li2C2O4___________________________________Cr2(SO4)3___________________________________(NH4)3PO4___________________________________NaCN___________________________________Sn(CO3)2___________________________________CuSCN___________________________________Li3BO3___________________________________NH4NO3___________________________________Ag3 PO4___________________________________Cr2(HPO4)3___________________________________KMnO4___________________________________Hg(BrO3)2___________________________________CsCN___________________________________NH4IO3___________________________________CoBO3___________________________________CoCr2O7___________________________________K3PO4___________________________________MnPO3___________________________________LiOH___________________________________MgS2O3___________________________________Hg2S2O3___________________________________Part 6: AcidsAnion EndingAcid NameExample-idehydro-(stem)-ic acidHCl hydrochloric acid-ite(stem)-ous acidHNO2 nitrous acid-ate(stem)-ic acidH2SO4 sulfuric acidI. Write the correct formula for the following acids:perchloric acid___________chloric acid___________chlorous acid___________hypochlorous acid___________sulfurous acid___________carbonic acid___________oxalic acid___________hydrosulfuric acid___________nitric acid___________hydrotelluric acid___________iodic acid___________permanganic acid___________bromic acid___________fluoric acid___________selenic acid___________hydroiodic acid___________chromic acid___________nitrous acid___________iodous acid___________cyanic acid___________II. Name the following acids:HBrO4______________________________HBrO3______________________________HBrO2______________________________HBrO______________________________HBr______________________________HF______________________________HFO______________________________HFO2______________________________HFO3______________________________HFO4______________________________H2CO3______________________________HMnO4______________________________HNO2 ______________________________HNO3 ______________________________H3BO3______________________________H2S______________________________H3PO3______________________________H2SeO3______________________________H3PO4______________________________HCN______________________________H2SO4______________________________HC2H3O2______________________________H2CrO4______________________________H2Cr2O7______________________________Part 7: Dimensional Analysis using metric conversions You must show all work using conversion units as shown below.Example: The recommended daily allowance (RDA) for folic acid is 400 ?g. How many grams is this equivalent to? 400 ?g x 1 g106 ug = 4 x 10-4 gThe element xenon (what is its symbol?) has an atomic radius of 216 pm. How many meters is this?A proton weighs 1.6726 x 10-24 g. How much does the proton weigh in picograms?An electron weighs 1,837 times lighter than a proton. An electron weighs 9.11 x 10-31 kg. How much does an electron weigh in nanograms?The triple bond between two nitrogen atoms in a nitrogen molecule is one of the strongest bonds known. It requires 941 kJ of energy to break one mole of these bonds. How much energy, in Joules (J), is this?The triple bond in a nitrogen molecule is also a rather short bond at only 110 pm. How long is this bond in centimeters? Micrometers?Chemists have determined that 18.0 g of water consists of 6.022 x 1023 molecules. Assuming that a teaspoon holds 3.70 mL of water, determine the number of water molecules the teaspoon can hold. (1mL H2O = 1 g H2O) The RDA (recommended daily allowance) of?iron?is about 14 milligrams. The average 2-inch?nail?weighs about 2.51?grams. If you got your RDA of?iron?each day by eating?iron?fortified cereal,?how many nails?worth of?iron?would you eat in one year?The density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. What volume would an average 2 – inch nail, weighing 2.51 g occupy?Part 8: Rearranging EquationsWrite the new rearranged equation for variable given in the given equation.Example: Solve for P2 using P1V1 = P2V2 Answer: P2 = P1V1/ V2 Solve for C using q = mcD tSolve for m using q = mcD tSolve for P2 using P1V1 = P2V2 Solve for V1 using P1V1 = P2V2 Solve for V2 using Solve for T1 using Solve for T2 using Solve for Pa using Ptot = Pa + Pb + PcSolve for m using K.E. = ? mv2Solve for v using K.E. = ? mv2Solve for Rate 1 using Solve for M2 using Solve for b using a = - log b (assume base 10!)Solve for a using 10-a = bSolve for k using ln [A] = -kt + ln [A]o Solve for K using G = - RT lnK SYMBOLS OF COMMON ELEMENTSAg silver KrkryptonAl aluminum LilithiumAr argon Mg magnesiumAs arsenic Mn manganese Au gold N nitrogen B boron Na sodiumBa barium Ne neonBeberylliumNi nickelBi bismuth O oxygenBr bromine P phosphorus C carbon Pb leadCa calcium Pt platinumCd cadmium Pu plutoniumCl chlorine Ra radiumCo cobalt Rn radonCr chromium S sulfurCs cesium Sb antimonyCu copper Se seleniumF fluorine Si siliconFe iron Sn tin H hydrogen Sr strontiumHe helium U uraniumHg mercury W tungstenI iodine Xe xenonK potassium ZnzincCommon Polyatomic Ions – memorize the bolded ones -1 Charge-2 Charge---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FormulaNameFormulaName-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H2PO4-dihydrogen phosphateHPO42-hydrogen phosphateC2H3O2-acetate*C2O42-oxalateHSO3-hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)SO32-sulfiteHSO4-hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)SO42-sulfateHCO3-hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)CO32-carbonateNO2-nitriteS2O32-thiosulfateNO3-nitrateCrO42-chromateCN-cyanideCr2O72-dichromateCNO-cyanateO22-peroxideSCN-thiocyanateSeO42-selenateOH-hydroxideSeO32-seleniteMnO4-permanganateTeO32-tellurite23495007937500ClO-hypochloriteTeO42-tellurateClO2-chloriteBr, I, and F may be22860006286500ClO3-chloratesubstituted for ClClO4-perchlorate BiO3-bismuthate*CH3COO- may also be used for acetate-3 Charge+1/+2 Charge--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FormulaNameFormulaName---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PO33-phosphiteNH4+ammoniumPO43-phosphateHg2+2mercury (I)BO33-borate -4 ChargeAsO33-arsenite--------------------------------------------------------------AsO43-arsenateFormulaNameFe(CN)63-hexacyanoferrate (III) --------------------------------------------------------------Fe(CN)64-hexacyanoferrate (II) ................
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