AP CHEMISTRY - blogs



AP CHEMISTRY 2010

North Cobb High School

Ms GAINES

Room 717

770-975-6685 EXT: 444

tiffany.gaines@



PLANNING PERIOD: 3rd BLOCK

TUTORING: TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY

BEFORE SCHOOL 7:45AM-8:15AM (By Appointment)

AFTER SCHOOL UNTIL 3:30-4:30 PM (By Appointment)

COURSE DESCRIPTION & EXPECTATIONS: An AP Chemistry course should be equivalent to a first year college chemistry course. Students in AP Chemistry should gain an in-depth understanding of the following major themes of chemistry: Structure of Matter (20%), States of Matter (20%), Reactions (35-40%), Descriptive Chemistry (10-15%), and Laboratory (5-10%). This course will help the student to develop critical thinking skills that will allow them to solve various chemical problems. Students that do well on the AP chemistry exam have an opportunity to place out of their first year of college chemistry. This allows them to register for second-year chemistry classes in their first year.

The laboratory experience will allow students to become familiar with laboratory equipment. The labs will also help the students analyze and report ideas both verbally and in written format. Chemistry professors at some institutions ask to see a record of the laboratory work done by an AP student before making a decision about granting credit, placement, or both, in the chemistry program. Therefore, students should keep a laboratory notebook that includes reports of their laboratory work in such a fashion that the reports can be readily reviewed.

The AP Chemistry class meets for 90 minutes five days each week. Two of those days will be spent conducting hands-on labs. Students in an AP Chemistry course should spend at least five hours a week in individual study outside of the classroom.

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PREREQUISITES: A grade of C or better in chemistry and algebra I.

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TEACHING STRATEGIES: The following teaching strategies will be used: guided practice and discussion, group work, lectures, hands-on labs, demos, homework, classwork, tests, and quizzes.

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TEXTBOOKS:

Class Text: Brown, LeMay, Bursten, & Murphy. Chemistry, The Central Science. 11th edition. Printice Hall

Exam Prep Texts:

• The Princeton Review: Cracking the AP Chemistry Exam, 2009-2010: Random House, Inc.

• Demmin & Hostage. Multiple Choice & Free Response Questions in Preparation for the AP Chemistry Examination. 5th ed. Publisher: D & S Marketing Systems, Inc.

• AP Exam Test Prep. Brown, LeMay, Bursten, & Murphy. 2008-2009: Random House, Inc.

RESOURSE WEBSITE: apcentral. Also see book for any online resources

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CLASSROOM MATERIALS: You will be expected to have a bound composition book as the lab notebook, a three-ring binder with loose-leaf paper, page dividers (optional), a scientific calculator, and writing utensils. The syllabus, class notes, handouts, and review packets will be kept in the binder, along with your graded papers. All class notes, handouts, and review packets will be placed in chronological order from the first day of school to the last, and arranged according to the concepts taught.

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PREPARING FOR THE AP CHEMISTRY EXAM: The Princeton review guide for AP Chemistry, should be used year round to supplement the reading and understanding of concepts. Two weeks before the AP exam, I schedule five review sessions after school from 3PM to 5PM. One week before the AP exam I schedule five days to review old AP exams. I discuss the answers after the end of each exam. The students will also be provided with a scoring sheet that will allow them to grade their own exams and determine their score. Hopefully, improvement is seen after each exam.

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ATTENDANCE, TARDINESS, & CHEATING: The attendance, tardy, and cheating policy will be enforced according to the NCHS student handbook (see agenda).

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DISCIPLINE POLICY: You are expected to participate fully in any lab, classroom discussion, or other classroom activity in a civilized and respectful manner. This class is modeled after a college course therefore I expect the behavior typical in a college classroom. Inappropriate behavior will not be tolerated on any level and will be dealt with according to the “NCHS student code of conduct.”

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LAB NOTEBOOK & EXPERIENCE: Two 90-minute periods are spent conducting hands-on labs per week. Students will make observations and collect data by physically manipulating laboratory equipment. Students will collaborate in groups to informally communicate and compare the results and procedures for each experiment. The observations and data should be recorded in an organized laboratory notebook, which will be used to formally communicate and compare the results and procedures for each experiment. Students will then use the data to accept or reject hypotheses and form conclusions. The laboratory notebook will be worth 30% of your grade. The individual lab notebook must be a hard-bound book. Loose leaf, spiral bound, or any notebook with tear-out sheets is unacceptable. No page shall ever be torn or removed in any way from the notebook. If you “mess up” a page, draw a line through the page and continue on the next available page. All entries should be made in blue/black ink, and nothing should ever be erased, “whited-out”, or in any way obliterated from your book. If a mistake is made, strike it out with one line and write in the corrected information below the original entry. The title, into/purpose, materials & chemicals, and procedure should be written prior to starting the lab experiment. A lab handout will be provided before the scheduled experiment, to aid you. You will not be able to start the experiment without initially writing these components in your lab notebook for each experiment.

FORMAT: The first page should list the title of the lab notebook, the owner’s name, term, course, instructor’s name, and an emergency number that can be used in case of an accident. The second page should be a table of contents and each page to the end of the notebook is to be numbered at the beginning of the semester. The third page may begin your laboratory experiments and every new laboratory experiment should start on a new page.

Give each page a title and a date, with perhaps subtitles for continued experiments (see example #1). Set up the lab notebook so that the data you obtain on that date are well organized and easy to follow. Fill in the data during the lab period and before you leave have your data signed by yourself, our lab partner(s), and your instructor and dated by all. Use the lab notebook to do all your rough calculations. No scratch paper should be used at any time in the lab. All the data and calculations should appear in the lab notebook.

|The Copper Lab (con’t.) Page #36 |

|(Procedure – con’t.) January 7, 2009 |

Title: Similar to the title in the manual

Introduction & Purpose: State the theory behind the experiment that is to be performed. What are the objectives? This should be 50 ± 5 words. Chemical equations should be used where possible.

Materials & Chemicals: Tabular form or listing of all laboratory glassware, equipment, and chemicals to be used. Include the amounts of all solid/liquid chemicals using metric units.

Procedure: A listing of the steps that are to be taken in the experiment. It should be detailed enough so that the experiment can be performed without the aid of the lab handout.

Data/Observations: It is useful to display raw data and observations in the form of tables and then graph the results from the tables. Each table should be titled at the top of tables. Each title is a complete sentence that provides enough explanatory information so that a reader can understand all the information presented in the table or figure (e.g., Table 1. Relationship between enzyme activity and pH). Label table columns and graph axes completely to prevent any ambiguity in interpretation. Graphs should be produced using a computer graphing program, printed out and taped into the lab notebook in the appropriate section.

Results: The results section summarizes the raw data and observations found in your lab notebook. It should include all the calculations. For the calculations; show all mathematical equations, work, and metric units whenever possible.

Conclusions/Discussion: This is THEE most important part of your report. The reasoning from the observations/data to conclusions should be sound and logical: the conclusions should be derived specifically from the data. Start by restating the purpose and hypothesis. Next, support, modify, or reject your original hypothesis. Then discuss what you learned by summarizing your data/observations and results. Relate your observations to observations, concepts, and principles reported by other groups who have conducted similar experiments. Do not discuss any results in this section that were not presented in the results section. Finally, comment on what went wrong, by discussing how you would change the lab to reduce error in future trials. A percent error calculation should be reported whenever possible. Also, discuss any internal and external error. Sometimes comments are made about the direction for further research.

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HOMEWORK & CLASSWORK: Homework and classwork will be used as a review tool.

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TEST & QUIZZES: The test and quiz format will include multiple choice and free-response questions. One to two quizzes will be given for every concept. They will be announced in advance. Pop quizzes may be given without warning at any time on the material covered in class or any reading assignment. Quizzes are worth 20% of your grade. Tests are worth 35% of your grade. You have one opportunity to redo any test or quiz that does not meet mastery (74%). The redo test or quiz must be completed within one week of receiving the original grade. The highest grade will be recorded.

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LATE WORK POLICY: No late work will be accepted. You have the opportunity to redo tests and quizzes.

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GRADING POLICY: Tests- 35% of your grade 90 –100 = A

Quizzes- 20% of your grade 80 – 89 = B

Lab Notebook- 30% of your grade 74 – 79 = C

Final Exam 15% of your grade 70 – 73 = D

0 – 69 = F

|AP Chemistry: 2nd SEMESTER 2010 |

|All labs are hands-on and student-run |

|Date |Chapter/Topic |Page Readings |

|1/5 |Intro to Class & Blog Site, Safety Procedures & Learning Styles Profile | |

|1/6 |Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry: The study of Chemistry, Units of Measurement, Uncertainty in Measurement, & |1-3 & 13-30 |

| |Dimensional Analysis. | |

|1/7 |Measurements & Calculations Quiz | |

|1/8 |Experiment 1: Measurements & Calculations Lab |Lab Handout |

| |Determine the density of a metal cylinder using two methods | |

| |Indirectly determine the thickness of Zinc plating on Iron | |

|1/11 |Chapter 1: Classifications of Matter, Properties of Matter, & Separation Techniques |4-12 |

|1/12 |Experiment 2: Separation of Mixtures Lab |Lab Handout |

|1/13 |Unit 1 Exam: Matter & Measurements | |

|1/14 -15 |Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions: |36-69 |

| |The atomic theory of matter, the discovery of atomic structure, the modern view of atomic structure, atomic weights, the | |

| |periodic table, molecules and molecular compounds, ions and ionic compounds, naming inorganic compounds, some organic | |

| |naming | |

|1/18 |MLK Day: Student Holiday: No School | |

|1/19 |Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements: |254-288 |

| |Development of the periodic table, effective nuclear charge, sizes of atoms and ions, ionization energy, electron | |

| |affinities, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, group trends for the active metals, group trend for the selected nonmetals | |

|1/20-21 |Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms: |210-246 |

| |The Wave Nature of Light, quantized energy and photons, line spectra and the Bohr model, the wave behavior of matter, | |

| |quantum mechanics and atomic orbitals, representations of orbitals, many-electron atoms, electron configurations, electron| |

| |configurations and the periodic table | |

|1/22 |Experiment 3: Flame Test Demo & Relating Emission Spectra to Wavelength Using Gas Discharge Tubes |Lab Handout |

|1/25 |Unit 2 Exam: Atomic Structure & Theory | |

|1/26-27 |Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations: |78-108 |

| |Chemical equations, formula weights, Avogardro’s number and the mole, empirical formulas from analyses, quantitative | |

| |information from balanced equations, limiting reactants | |

|1/28 |Experiment 4: The Synthesis of Alum |Lab Handout |

| |(Determination of an Empirical Formula/Gravimetric Analysis) – Part I | |

|1/29 |Experiment 5: The Analysis of Alum |Lab Handout |

| |(Determination of an Empirical Formula/Gravimetric Analysis) – part II | |

|2/1 |Unit 3 Exam: Stoichiometry | |

|2/2-3 |Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry: Precipitation Reactions Demo |118-156 |

| |The composition of solutions, types of chemical reactions, precipitation reactions, describing reactions in solution, | |

| |Stoichiometry of precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, balancing | |

| |oxidation-reduction equations | |

|2/4 |Experiment 6: The Copper Lab |Lab Handout |

|2/5 & 2/8 |Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions: |526-563 |

| |The solution process, saturated solutions and solubility, factors affecting solubility, ways of expressing concentration, | |

| |Colligative properties, colloids | |

|2/9-2/10 |Experiment 7: Solution Preparation & Solubility Lab |Lab Handout |

|2/11 |Experiment 8: Molar Mass From Freezing Point Depression |Lab Handout |

|2/12 |Unit 4 Exam: Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry & Properties of Solutions | |

|2/15 |Student Holiday: No School | |

|2/16-17 |Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics: |572-615 |

| |Factors that affect reaction rates, reaction rate, the rate law: the effect of concentration on rate, the change of | |

| |concentration with time, temperature and rate, reaction mechanisms, catalysis | |

|2/18 |Experiment 9: Determining a Rate Law Lab |Lab Handout |

|2/19 & 2/22 |Chapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium: |626-658 |

| |The concept of equilibrium, the equilibrium constant, interpreting and working with equilibrium constants, heterogeneous | |

| |equilibria, calculating equilibrium constants, applications of equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier’s principle | |

|2/23 |Experiment 10: Determine the Equilibrium Constant Lab |Lab Handout |

|2/24 |Unit 5 Exam: Chemical Kinetics & equilibrium | |

|2/25 & 2/26 |Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria: |666-709 |

| |Acids and bases overview, Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases, the autoionization of water, the pH scale, strong acids and | |

| |bases, weak acids and bases, relationship between Ka and Kb, acid-base properties of salt solutions, acid-base behavior | |

| |and chemical structure, Lewis acids and bases | |

|3/1 |Experiment 11: Dissociation Constants of Weak Acids |Lab Handout |

|3/2 & 3/3 |Chapter 17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria: |718-757 |

| |The common ion effect, buffered solutions, acid-base titrations, solubility equilibria, factors that affect solubility, | |

| |precipitation and separation for ions, qualitative analysis for metallic elements | |

|3/4 |Experiment 12: Titration of an Acid Using a Standardized Base |Lab Handout |

|3/5 |Unit 6 Exam: Acid/Base Equilibria & Aqueous Equilibria | |

|3/8-10 |Chapter 5 Thermochemistry: |164-201 |

| |The nature of energy, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, enthalpies of reaction, calorimetry, Hess’s Law, | |

| |Enthalpies of formation, foods and fuels | |

|3/10 |Early Release | |

|3/11 |Experiment 13: Heat of Solution & Heat of Reaction Lab |Lab Handout |

|3/12 & 3/15 |Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics: |800-833 |

| |Spontaneous Processes, entropy and the second law of thermodynamics, the molecular interpretation of entropy, entropy | |

| |changes in chemical reactions, Gibbs free energy, free energy and temperature, free energy and the equilibrium constant | |

|3/16 |Experiment 14: Heat of Formation Lab |Lab Handout |

|3/17 |Experiment 15: ∆G, ∆H, & ∆S Lab |Lab Handout |

|3/18-19 |Chapter 20 Electrochemistry: |842-883 |

| |Oxidation states and oxidation-reduction reactions, balancing oxidation-reduction equations, voltaic cells, cell EMF under| |

| |standard condition, free energy and redox reactions, Cell EMF under nonstandard conditions, batteries and fuel cells, | |

| |corrosion electrolysis | |

|3/22 |Experiment 16: Electrochemistry Lab |Lab Handout |

|3/23 |Unit 7 Exam: Thermochemistry & Electrochemistry | |

|3/24 |Chapter 8 Basic Concepts of chemical Bonding: |296-332 |

| |Chemical bonds, Lewis symbols, and the octet rule, ionic bonding, covalent bonding, bond polarity and electronegativity, | |

| |drawing Lewis structures, resonance structures, exceptions to the octet rule, strengths of covalent bonds. | |

|3/25 |Chapter 9 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories: |340-383 |

| |Molecular shapes, the VSEPR model, molecular shape and molecular polarity, covalent bonding and orbital overlap, hybrid | |

| |orbitals, multiple bonds, molecular orbitals, second-row diatomic molecules | |

|3/26 |Experiment 17: Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure Lab |Lab Handout |

|3/29 |Unit 8 Exam: Chemical Bonding & Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories | |

|3/30-31 |Chapter 10 Gases: |392-426 |

| |Characteristics of Gases, pressure, the gas laws, the ideal-gas equation, further applications of the ideal-gas equation | |

| |gas mixtures and partial pressures, kinetic-molecular theory, molecular effusion and diffusion, teal gases: deviations | |

| |from ideal behavior | |

|4/1 |Experiment 18: Determine the Ideal Gas Law Constant Lab |Lab Handout |

|4/2 & 4/12 |Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids: | |

| |A molecular comparison of gases, liquids, and solids; intermolecular forces, some properties of liquids, phase changes, | |

| |vapor pressure, phase diagrams, structures of solids, bonding in solids | |

|4/5-9 |Spring Break: NO SCHOOL | |

|4/13 |Experiment 19: Intermolecular Attractions Lab |Lab Handout |

|4/14 |Unit 9 Exam: Gases, Intermolecular Forces, Liquids & Solids | |

|4/15-16 & 4/19 |Chapter 25 The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry |1050-1096 |

| |Some general characteristics of organic molecules; introduction to hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; organic | |

| |functional groups, chirality in organic chemistry | |

|4/20 |Experiment 20: Synthesis and Analysis of Aspirin Lab |Lab Handout |

|4/21 |Experiment 21: Synthesis of Esters Lab |Lab Handout |

|4/22 |Unit 10 Exam: Organic and Biological Chemistry | |

|4/23 |Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry: |892-925 |

| |Radioactivity, patterns of nuclear stability, nuclear transmutations, rates of radioactive decay, detection of | |

| |radioactivity, energy changes in nuclear reactions, nuclear power: fission, nuclear power: fusion, radiation in the | |

| |environment an living systems | |

|4/26-5/7 |AP Chemistry Review | |

|5/11 8AM |AP Chemistry Exam | |

|TBA |Final Exam | |

Turn in this page by January 8, 2009

Agreement:

• I have read and accept the terms and conditions of this syllabus.

• I understand the grading scale.

• I understand and will comply with the rules of the classroom.

• I understand and will comply with my responsibilities as the student, the late work policy, the tardy policy, the absent policy, and any other administrative policies outlined within this syllabus.

• I understand that my binder and folder must be kept in order, and that it will be graded at the end of each marking period.

• I understand that I must remain focused while in class.

• I will give nothing but the best.

• I will be respectful to the teacher, my fellow students, and myself.

• I understand that I am capable of becoming anything that I want. I know that I have the ability, and must work hard to achieve my goals.

• I understand that passing AP Chemistry is one step closer to achieving my goals.

I have thoroughly read through the policies stated in the syllabus, and have a clear understanding of the expectations.

__________________________________________ _________________________________________

Print Student’s Name Print Parent’s Name

__________________________________________ _________________________________________

Signature Signature

__________________ __________________

Date Date

* Please feel free to list any additional comments or questions you may have.

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