AP Environmental Science Review Session 2



AP Environmental Science Topics II & III

II. The Living World (10-15%) III. Population (10-15%)

A. Ecosystem Structure A. Population Biology Concepts

B. Energy Flow B. Human Population

C. Ecosystem Diversity 1. Human population dynamics

D. Natural Ecosystem Change 2. Population size

E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles 3. Impacts of population growth

1. Label the following pictures with the appropriate level of organization

B ( biosphere

E ( ecosystem

C ( community

P ( population

O ( organism

2. A niche is the functional role of a species in its ecosystem. Label the graph with the following: fundamental niche and realized niche

A ___________________

B ___________________

3. Species can be identified as generalist or specialist. Label the lines in the graph with the appropriate term.

A ____________________

B ____________________

What is the significance of being a generalist or a

specialist when it comes to the threat of becoming

classified as endangered or threatened?

4. Label the pictures below with the following types of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalisms, or parasitism

5. Remove the cards from the Biome packet. Match the cards to the appropriate biome. Record the information on a separate sheet of paper.

6. Explain what principles the two pyramids below represent.

7. Label the food chains below with the correct trophic level and term referring to the organism (producer).

8. Fill in the blanks in the equations below.

Identify the equations as aerobic respiration or photosynthesis.

What is the significance of the two equations in the carbon cycle?

9. The Law of the conservation of matter states that matter cannot “go away”, it may just change to another form. Remove the cards from the packet marked cycles. Match the various cards to the cycle they are a part of. In addition if present match the description to the process.

KNOW how humans have impacted each of the cycles.

10. The graph to the right has two sets of data. The line indicated by

the arrow is data that was gathered in 2003. The data shown by the

other line was gathered before the introduction the animal shown

above the graph. The animal’s diet includes the cacti being studied.

Explain what may have happened to cause the change in the

population of cacti.

11. How does distance from the mainland and size of an island affect the biodiversity of an island?

(HINT: look up theory of island biogeography)

12. The following pictures represent the stages of succession. Put them in order by number.

Do these pictures represent primary or secondary succession?

Which picture would represent a climax community?

13. Remove the cards from the succession packet. Place the cards in order that organisms would appear, beginning with bare rock. Record the information.

14. Species can be classified and K-selected or r-selected. Explain the many differences between those terms.

15. Survivorship curves show the number of survivors of each age group for a species. There are three types of curves. Label them on the graph and be able to describe the characteristics of species associated with the Type I and Type III curves.

16. Label the two graphs with the population growth pattern they display.

What does K represent in the second graph?

What problems are associated with

exponential growth?

17. KNOW - rule of 70 ( 70 divided by the % growth rate

KNOW - % growth rate = BR - DR

10

A country has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5%. If the growth rate remains

constant, what will the population of this country be in 40 years?

18. Which two countries have the largest populations?

Are they doing anything to control the size of their population?

19. Describe the relationship between education of women and fertility rates.

20. Label the age structure diagrams below with the type of growth: slow, rapid, zero

Beneath the diagrams write a country that would fit the type of growth shown by each graph.

21. Demographic transition is a hypothesis that explains the fall of DR followed by the fall BR as countries become industrialized. Label the three lines on the graph below with the following: BR, DR, population size.

Demographic transition is divided into

four stages. Using dashed lines, divide

graph into those four stages. The first is

completed for you.

Identify and describe the four stages.

Label the age structure diagrams in #20 with the appropriate stage of demographic transition.

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Nutrient level

Light level

A B

Number of Individuals

Resource Use

A B

Mistletoe

(the green plants on the tree that has lost its leaves for winter)

Epiphytes

(plants sitting in the “Y” of the tree)

tapeworm

tick

Mycorrhizae fungi on

juniper seedlings in sterilized soil

Clown fish and sea anemone

Oxpeckers and black rhinoceros

Seal

Codfish

Zooplankton

Phytoplankton

Hawk

Snake

Mouse

Grass

Mouse

Grass

_______ + _______ ( C6H12O6 + _____

C6H12O6 + ______ ( 6H2O + _____

U.S. population ≈ 320 million

World population ≈ 7.4 billion

A B C

Time

BR and DR

# per 1000 per year

Relative population size

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