AP EUROPEAN HISTORY – EASTVIEW HIGH SCHOOL



AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

CHAPTER 15 STUDY GUIDE

“Absolutism & Constitutionalism in W. Europe” (ce 1589 – 1715)

SECTION 1 – Seventeenth-Century Crisis and Rebuilding

1- Why did Catholic France side with the Protestants in the Thirty Years’ War?

2- What were the political, religious, and economic consequences of the Thirty Years’ War in Europe?

Important terms

Peace of Westphalia

SECTION 2 – Absolutism in France and Spain

1- In what way does the French minister Richelieu symbolize absolutism? What were his achievements?

2- Why can it be said that the palace of Versailles was used as a device to ruin the nobility of France? Was Versailles a palace or a prison?

3- Define mercantilism. What were the mercantilist policies of the French minister Colbert?

4- Was the revocation of the Edict of Nantes an error on the part of Louis XIV

5- What were the reasons for the fall of the Spanish Empire?

6- Discuss the foreign policy goals of Louis XIV. Was he successful?

7- Define absolutism. How does it differ from totalitarianism?

8- What was the impact of Louis XIV’s wars on the French economy and French society?

9- What were the causes of the War of the Spanish Succession?

Important terms

sovereignty

French classicism

Quixotic

The French intendants

Sully

Paulette

Fronde

Cardinal Richelieu

Richelieu’s generalities

The French Academy

Louis XIV of France

Versailles

Moliere

Racine

The Grand Alliance

Count-Duke of Olivares

Peace of Utrecht

Philip III of Spain

SECTION 3 – Absolutism in Austria and Prussia

1- Why would the reign of the Great Elector be regarded as “the most crucial constitutional struggle in Prussian history for hundreds of years”? What did he do to increase royal authority? Who were the losers?

2- Prussia has traditionally been considered one of the most militaristic states in Europe. How do you explain this development? Who or what is responsible?

3- How did the Thirty Years’ War and invasion by the Ottoman Turks help the Habsburgs consolidate power?

4- What was the Pragmatic Sanction and why were the Hungarian and Bohemian princes opposed to it?

5- What role, if any, did war play in the evolution of absolutism in eastern Europe?

Important terms

Habsburgs

Pragmatic Sanction

Junkers

Frederick the Great

Charles VI of Austria

Prince Francis Rakoczy

Hohenzollern

Frederick William the Great Elector

Frederick William I

SECTION 4 – The Development of Russia and the Ottoman Empire

1- How did the Mongols unify the eastern Slavs?

2- What role did Ivan the Terrible play in the rise of absolutism? Peter the Great?

Important terms

Ivan III

Ivan the Terrible

boyar

Romanov

Mongols

Cossacks

Peter the Great

Sultan

Janissary corps

Millet system

SECTION 5 – Alternatives to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic

1- What is constitutionalism? How does it differ from a democratic form of government? From absolutism?

2- What were the attitudes and policies of James I that made him so unpopular with his subjects?

3- Who were the Puritans? Why did they come into conflict with James I?

4- What were the immediate and the long-range causes of the English Civil War of 1642-1649? What were the results?

5- Why did James II flee from England in 1688? What happened to the kingship at this point?

6- Were the events of 1688-1689 a victory for English democracy? Explain.

7- Why is it said that Locke was the spokesman for the liberal English Revolution of 1689 and for representative government?

Important terms

Republicanism

Cabinet government

Puritans

Test Act

Oliver Cromwell

James II of England

English Bill of Rights

Commonwealth

Stadholder

SECTION 6 – Baroque Aryt and Music

1- What was the relationship between baroque architecture and European absolutism? Give examples.

2- It has been said that the common man benefited from the magnificent medieval cathedrals as much as the princes. Can the same be said about the common man and the building projects of the absolute kings and princes? Explain.

3- Describe why “baroque” art and architecture came about and give examples of how it was used.

Important terms

baroque

Bartolomeo Rastrelli

EXPLAIN WHAT EACH OF THESE MEN BELIEVED ABOUT THE PLACEMENT OF AUTHORITY WITHIN SOCIETY.

Cardinal Richelieu

James I of England

Thomas Hobbes

Louis XIV of France

John Locke

Sully

INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY – HURREM

1- What types of power did Hurrem exercise during her lifetime. How did her gender enable her to attain certain kinds of power and also constrain her ability to exercise it?

2- What can an exceptional woman like Hurrem reveal about the broader political and social world in which she lived?

LISTENING TO THE PAST – THE ABSOLUTE PALACE

1- Compare these images. What did concrete objects and the manipulation of space accomplish for these rulers that mere words could not?

2- What disadvantage might stem from using architecture as a political tool?

3- Is the use of space and monumental architecture still a political tool in today’s world?

GEOGRAPHY

Study Map 15.2, “Europe After the Peace of Utrecht,” in your textbook. Use the space below to identify the areas on the map that changed hands as a result of the Peace of Utrecht. How did these changes affect the balance of power in Europe?

How and why did so many countries possess scattered or noncontiguous territories? What does this suggest about European politics in this period? Does this map suggest potential for future conflict?

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CHAPTER TIMELINE

--1589

--1605

--1635

--1665

--1725

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