AP Government Review Packet - Richmond County School ...
嚜澤P
?Government
?Study
?Guide
?
?
Unit
?One:
?Constitutional
?Underpinnings
?
Fundamental
?Principles
?of
?Democracy
?
?
? Direct
?Democracy
?每
?citizens
?meet
?and
?vote
?directly
?on
?government
?decisions
?
?
? Representative
?Democracy
?(Republic)
?每
?citizens
?choose
?officials
?who
?make
?
decisions
?on
?government
?policy
?
? Magna
?Carta
?(1215)
?每
?the
?first
?ever
?attempt
?to
?limit
?the
?power
?of
?the
?British
?
King,
?guaranteed
?all
?people
?certain
?rights
?
? Enlightenment
?Philosophers
?每Locke
?and
?Rousseau
?
o Social
?Contract
?Theory
?每
?principle
?that
?people
?enter
?into
?a
?social
?contract
?
with
?the
?government
?and
?allow
?to
?be
?ruled
?
?
o Consent
?of
?the
?Governed
?每
?principle
?that
?there
?are
?no
?supreme
?rulers,
?all
?
rulers
?depend
?on
?the
?approval
?of
?the
?people,
?when
?governments
?fail
?to
?
protect
?rights
?the
?people
?have
?the
?right
?to
?change
?the
?government
?
o Natural
?Rights
?每
?principle
?that
?all
?people
?are
?born
?with
?certain
?rights:
?life,
?
liberty,
?and
?property
?(Jefferson
?changes
?property
?into
?pursuit
?of
?
happiness
?
?
? Declaration
?of
?Independence
?每
?Thomas
?Jefferson＊s
?document
?built
?on
?principles
?
of
?※life,
?liberty,
?and
?the
?pursuit
?of
?happiness§
?consent
?of
?the
?governed,
?and
?social
?
contract
?theory.
?It
?also
?justified
?American
?revolution
?against
?England
?
? Common
?Good
?每
?Belief
?in
?doing
?what＊s
?best
?for
?the
?nation
?overall
?
? Popular
?Sovereignty
?每
?Belief
?that
?the
?ultimate
?authority
?rests
?with
?the
?people
?
? Majority
?Rule
?每
?Belief
?that
?government
?is
?run
?based
?on
?the
?will
?of
?the
?majority
?
The
?First
?Government
?每
?Articles
?of
?Confederation
?
? Weak
?association
?of
?states
?(states
?very
?independent)
?
? No
?central
?executive
?power
?
? No
?federal
?power
?to
?tax
?citizens
?directly
?
? Federal
?government
?could
?raise
?an
?army,
?(but
?not
?pay
?for
?it),
?print
?money,
?
declare
?war,
?and
?run
?the
?post
?office
?
? 9
?out
?of
?13
?states
?were
?required
?to
?vote
?to
?pass
?a
?law
?
? With
?no
?strong
?central
?government
?supervision,
?states
?could
?get
?away
?with
?
taxing
?and
?printing
?money,
?and
?making
?foreign
?treaties,
?
?
? Shays＊
?Rebellion
?每
?Farmer
?rebellion
?in
?Massachusetts
?1786-?坼1787
?protesting
?
mortgage
?foreclosures
?and
?terrible
?economy.
?
?Rebellion
?represented
?how
?weak
?
the
?central
?government
?was,
?and
?terrified
?many
?Americans
?
?
Constitutional
?Debate
?
? Constitutional
?Convention
?meets
?in
?Philadelphia,
?1787
?to
?write
?new
?constitution
?
? All
?delegates
?supported
?Representative
?Democracy
?(Republic)
?每
?democracy
?
where
?people
?elect
?representatives
?who
?pass
?laws
?
? Supported
?three
?branches
?每
?executive,
?legislative,
?and
?judicial
?
1
Serious
?debate
?between
?Federalists
?vs.
?Anti-?坼Federalists,
?North
?vs.
?South,
?Big
?
States
?vs.
?Small
?States
?over
?new
?government
?
?
? North-?坼South
?Compromises
?每
?3/5
?Compromise
?counted
?slaves
?as
?3/5
?of
?a
?person
?
to
?give
?the
?south
?more
?representatives
?
? Connecticut
?Compromise
?每
?(Bicameralism)
?每
?Established
?two
?equal
?bodies
?
(House
?of
?Representatives
?and
?Senate)
?one
?based
?on
?population,
?one
?giving
?all
?
states
?equal
?representation.
?
?This
?was
?a
?compromise
?between
?big
?states
?(Virginia
?
Plan)
?and
?small
?states
?(New
?Jersey
?Plan)
?over
?the
?format
?of
?the
?Congress
?
? Federalists
?(Hamilton,
?Madison)
?supported
?the
?Constitution
?because
?it
?gave
?
power
?to
?a
?strong
?central
?government.
?Anti-?坼federalists
?opposed
?the
?constitution
?
because
?they
?thought
?the
?national
?government
?would
?become
?tyrannical
?and
?
take
?power
?away
?from
?the
?states
?
? Federalist
?Papers
?每
?articles
?written
?by
?Madison,
?Hamilton,
?and
?Jay
?arguing
?for
?
the
?constitution
?
o Federalist
?Paper
?#10
?每
?written
?by
?Madison,
?discusses
?importance
?of
?
factions,
?factions
?are
?inevitable,
?but
?factions
?are
?best
?handled
?by
?a
?large
?
republic.
?
o Federalist
?Paper
?#51
?每
?written
?by
?Madison,
?discusses
?importance
?of
?
checks
?and
?balances
?and
?the
?separation
?of
?powers
?in
?the
?constitution
?
Weaknesses
?in
?the
?Articles
?of
?
How
?the
?Constitution
?Fixed
?these
?
Confederation
?
Problems
?
Congress
?could
?not
?tax,
?it
?relied
?on
?
National
?government
?had
?power
?to
?tax
?
contributions
?from
?states
?
directly
?
Congress
?couldn＊t
?regulate
?interstate
?
Interstate
?Commerce
?Clause
?gives
?
trade
?
Congress
?interstate
?regulatory
?power
?
No
?chief
?executive
?to
?enforce
?the
?law
?
Article
?II
?creates
?president
?who
?enforces
?
the
?law
?
No
?national
?judiciary
?to
?handle
?state
?
Article
?III
?creates
?Supreme
?Court
?
?
fights
?
Each
?state
?was
?given
?only
?one
?vote
?
Bicameral
?legislature
?represents
?states
?
both
?by
?population,
?and
?equality
?
The
?Constitution
?of
?the
?United
?States
?of
?America
?
? Article
?I
?每Legislative
?Branch
?
? Article
?II
?每Executive
?Branch
?
? Article
?III
?每Judicial
?Branch
?
? Article
?IV
?每
?Interstate
?relations
?
? Article
?V
?每
?Amendment
?process
?
?
? Separation
?of
?Powers
?每
?Each
?of
?the
?three
?branches
?has
?its
?own
?power
?and
?
independence
?
1. Legislative
?Branch
?每
?Passes
?laws
?
2. Executive
?Branch
?每
?Executes
?laws
?
3. Judicial
?Branch
?每
?Interprets
?laws
?(this
?power
?comes
?from
?Supreme
?
Court
?Case
?Marbury
?vs.
?Madison
?每
?set
?dogma
?of
?judicial
?review,
?
?
2
where
?the
?Supreme
?Court
?may
?rule
?an
?act
?of
?the
?President
?or
?
Congress
?unconstitutional)
?
? Checks
?and
?Balances
?每
?Each
?branch
?has
?some
?power
?over
?the
?others,
?but
?retains
?
independence:
?
Legislative
?
Executive
?
Judicial
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Approves
?budget
?
? Can
?propose
?laws
?
? Interprets
?laws
?
Passes
?laws
?
?
? Can
?veto
?laws
?
? Can
?declare
?
executive
?acts
?and
?
Can
?override
?veto
?
? Can
?call
?special
?
legislative
?laws
?
sessions
?of
?congress
?
Can
?impeach
?
unconstitutional
?
? Can
?appeal
?to
?public
?
president,
?judges
?
Approves
?
? Appoints
?officials
?
appointments
?and
?
and
?judges
?
treaties
?
? Can
?pardon
?
Confirms
?judges
?and
?
convicted
?felons
?
cabinet
?
appointments
?
Federalism
?每
?Separation
?between
?powers
?of
?the
?Federal,
?State,
?and
?Local
?
governments
?
Confederacy
?每
?System
?of
?government
?in
?which
?the
?central
?government
?is
?very
?
weak,
?and
?most
?of
?the
?true
?power
?lies
?in
?individual
?states
?
Unitary
?System
?每
?System
?of
?government
?in
?which
?the
?central
?government
?is
?
extremely
?powerful,
?and
?individual
?states
?have
?few
?powers
?
Dual
?Federalism,
?aka
?※Layer
?Cake§
?Federalism
?(1789-?坼1932)
?每
?Belief
?that
?the
?state
?
and
?national
?governments
?are
?supreme
?within
?their
?own
?sphere
?of
?influence
?
Cooperative
?Federalism,
?aka
?※Marble
?Cake§
?Federalism
?每
?sharing
?powers
?
between
?state
?and
?federal
?governments
?
Fiscal
?Federalism
?每
?government＊s
?patterns
?of
?spending,
?taxing,
?and
?providing
?
grants
?to
?influence
?state
?and
?local
?governments
?
o Grants-?坼in-?坼aid
?每
?money
?given
?from
?the
?federal
?government
?to
?the
?states
?
o Categorical
?grants
?每
?federal
?grants
?for
?specific
?purposes
?(building
?an
?
airport)
?
o Block
?grants
?每
?broad
?grants
?from
?the
?federal
?government
?that
?give
?
local/state
?governments
?a
?lot
?of
?freedom
?to
?spend
?money
?as
?they
?please
?
without
?many
?strings
?attached.
?
?The
?Welfare
?Reform
?Act
?of
?1996
?began
?
transferring
?more
?authority
?back
?to
?the
?states
?through
?block
?grants
?
?
o Revenue
?sharing
?每
?federal
?sharing
?of
?a
?fixed
?percentage
?of
?its
?revenue
?
with
?the
?states
?
o Mandates
?每
?terms
?set
?by
?the
?federal
?government
?that
?states
?must
?meet
?
if
?they
?accept
?federal
?grants
?
Devolution
?每
?process
?of
?returning
?power
?to
?the
?states,
?this
?began
?during
?New
?
Federalism
?under
?presidents
?Nixon,
?Reagan,
?and
?Bush
?
Federal
?Powers
?每
?Express,
?Implied,
?and
?Inherent
?powers
?:
?
3
1. Express
?powers
?每
?powers
?listed
?(enumerated)
?in
?the
?constitution
?for
?
the
?Federal
?government:
?go
?to
?war,
?raise
?an
?army,
?regulate
?interstate
?
and
?foreign
?commerce,
?establish
?post
?offices
?
2. Implied
?powers
?每
?Based
?on
?necessary
?and
?proper
?clause
?(elastic
?
clause)
?每
?gives
?congress
?flexibility
?to
?make
?laws
?necessary
?and
?proper
?
for
?carrying
?out
?express
?powers,
?upheld
?in
?McCulloch
?v.
?Maryland
?
3. Inherent
?powers
?每
?powers
?dealing
?with
?foreign
?policy
?not
?in
?
constitution,
?but
?given
?to
?federal
?government
?
Federal
?Powers
?
Federal
?and
?State
?Powers
?
State
?Powers
?(Reserved)
?
(Expressed,
?Implied,
?
(Concurrent)
?
?
Inherent)
?
? Regulate
?interstate
?
? Levy
?taxes
?
?
Regulate
?intrastate
?
commerce
?
commerce
?
? Spend
?for
?general
?
? Coin/print
?money
?
?
Establish
?local
?
welfare
?
governments
?
? Provide
?army
?
? Enact
?and
?enforce
?
?
Establish
?public
?
laws
?
? Declare
?war
?
?
schools
?
? Establish
?federal
?
?
Administer
?
courts
?
elections
?
? Set
?foreign
?policy
?
?
Establish
?licensing
?
? Make
?all
?laws
?
requirements
?
?
※necessary
?and
?
?
proper§
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Denied
?Powers
?每
?Powers
?explicitly
?denied
?to
?government:
?
o suspending
?writ
?of
?habeas
?corpus
?(being
?imprisoned
?without
?formal
?
accusation)
?
o passing
?bills
?of
?attainder:
?laws
?that
?declare
?a
?person
?to
?be
?guilty
?
o ex
?post
?facto
?laws:
?※after
?the
?fact,§
?laws
?that
?make
?an
?act
?illegal
?after
?it
?
was
?performed
?
Concurrent
?Powers
?(shared
?by
?Federal
?and
?State
?governments)
?每
?power
?to
?tax
?
and
?spend,
?establish
?courts,
?make
?laws
?
Reserved
?to
?States
?(10th
?amendment)
?每
?any
?power
?not
?denied
?nor
?given
?to
?
federal
?government
?is
?reserved
?for
?state
?governments
?(create
?local
?
governments)
?
Supremacy
?Clause
?每
?Federal
?law
?is
?superior
?to
?state
?law.
?This
?came
?out
?of
?the
?
court
?case
?McCulloch
?vs.
?Maryland,
?in
?which
?there
?was
?debate
?as
?to
?whether
?or
?
not
?the
?Bank
?of
?the
?United
?States
?had
?to
?pay
?Maryland
?state
?taxes.
?
?The
?Supreme
?
Court
?ruled
?that
?because
?the
?Bank
?of
?the
?US
?was
?NATIONAL
?it
?did
?not
?have
?to
?
follow
?Maryland
?STATE
?law.
?
?This
?ruling
?overturned
?the
?idea
?of
?nullification
?by
?
which
?states
?could
?override
?federal
?law
?
Interstate
?Commerce
?Clause
?每
?Gives
?Federal
?Government
?authority
?to
?regulate
?
all
?of
?interstate
?commerce.
?
?This
?clause
?gives
?the
?federal
?government
?authority
?
4
?
?
?
?
?
to
?regulate
?businesses
?that
?go
?between
?state
?lines,
?and
?justifies
?many
?federal
?
laws
?(Civil
?Rights
?Act)
?
Take
?Care
?Clause
?每
?president
?must
?enforce
?ALL
?laws
?passed
?by
?congress
?
?
Full
?Faith
?and
?Credit
?每
?states
?must
?honor
?laws
?and
?court
?rulings
?of
?other
?states
?
Privileges
?and
?Immunities
?每
?requires
?states
?to
?extend
?same
?privileges
?and
?
immunities
?to
?all
?citizens
?(even
?of
?other
?states)
?
Bill
?of
?Rights
?每
?First
?10
?amendments
?to
?the
?Constitution
?that
?guarantees
?
individual
?and
?states＊
?rights.
?
?This
?was
?a
?concession
?the
?federalists
?made
?to
?the
?
anti-?坼federalists
?to
?ensure
?constitution
?would
?be
?ratified
?
o Amendment
?1
?每
?
?freedom
?of
?speech,
?assembly,
?petition,
?religion,
?press
?
o Amendment
?2
?每
?
?right
?to
?bear
?arms
?
o Amendment
?4
?每
?no
?unreasonable
?searches
?and
?seizures
?
o Amendment
?5
?每
?right
?to
?a
?trial,
?no
?double
?jeopardy,
?individuals
?are
?not
?
required
?to
?testify
?against
?themselves
?
o Amendment
?6
?每
?right
?to
?a
?speedy,
?public,
?and
?impartial
?trial
?with
?lawyer
?
o Amendment
?8
?每
?no
?excessive
?bails
?or
?fines,
?no
?cruel
?and
?unusual
?policies
?
o Amendment
?10
?每
?powers
?not
?given
?to
?the
?federal
?government
?or
?denied
?
of
?the
?states
?are
?reserved
?to
?the
?states
?(states
?rights)
?
How
?to
?Amend
?the
?Constitution
?
1. 2/3
?of
?congress
?propose
?amendment角3/4
?of
?states
?ratify
?it
?
2. State
?convention
?called
?by
?2/3
?of
?states
?propose
?amendments角3/4
?of
?
states
?ratify
?(this
?method
?has
?only
?been
?used
?once,
?21st
?amendment)
?
Unit
?Two:
?Political
?Culture,
?Beliefs,
?and
?Behaviors
?
?
?
?
?
Alexis
?de
?Tocqueville
?每
?Frenchmen
?who
?visited
?America
?in
?the
?1800's
?and
?
described
?the
?young
?democracy
?he
?saw
?
Political
?Culture
?每
?a
?coherent
?way
?of
?thinking
?about
?how
?politics
?and
?the
?
government
?ought
?to
?be
?carried
?out
?
o Americans
?tend
?to
?support
?free
?enterprise
?with
?some
?limits
?
o Americans
?tend
?to
?be
?committed
?to
?individual
?responsibility
?and
?
economic
?individualism
?
o Americans
?believe
?strongly
?in
?equality
?of
?opportunity,
?NOT
?result
?
o Americans
?tend
?to
?be
?particularly
?patriotic
?and
?aware
?of
?their
?rights
?
o Religion
?tends
?to
?play
?a
?very
?influential
?role
?in
?determining
?an
?
individual＊s
?political
?views
?
Political
?Socialization
?每
?manner
?in
?which
?people
?develop
?their
?political
?views
?
(family,
?friends,
?media,
?current
?government,
?education)
?
Ideologies
?
?
1. Liberal
?每
?large
?federal
?government
?involvement
?needed
?to
?provide
?for
?the
?
people
?(welfare,
?new
?deal,
?great
?society)
?
2. Socialist
?每
?belief
?in
?an
?extremely
?powerful
?state
?to
?protect
?people
?
3. Conservative
?每
?belief
?that
?limited
?government
?is
?necessary
?to
?grow
?strong
?
economy,
?very
?pro-?坼business
?anti-?坼regulation
?
5
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- ap exam unit review guide troy high school
- ap u s government and politics vocabulary
- ap govt multiple choice question bank
- ap u s government and politics unit 2 interactions among
- ap us government test 6 the federal bureacracy
- ap government review packet richmond county school
- unit 2 progress check mcq part b announcements
- ap macroeconomics full review mr eizyk s social studies
- demand supply equilibrium weebly
- unit 1 ap united states government and politics free
Related searches
- 7th grade review packet printable
- first grade review packet pdf
- first grade review packet printable
- kindergarten review packet printable free
- richmond county school augusta ga
- us history review packet pdf
- richmond county school calendar
- richmond county school start date
- richmond county school schedule
- global regents review packet 19
- global regents review packet 20
- 3rd grade review packet printable