AP Human Geography – Mr



Name_____________________________________________Chapter 7: Ethnicity Study GuideA person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. _______________________A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, & trade goods from Europe to Africa. ______________________A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. ________________A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities w/complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. __________________________A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. ____________________________An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. ____________________Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits & capacities & those racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. _______________________________Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. ___________________________Identity w/a group of people descended from a common ancestor. __________________________Identity w/a group of people that share distinct physical & mental traits as a product of common heredity & cultural traditions. _______________________________Identity w/a group of people that share legal attachment & personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there. ________________________________Laws in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.Loyalty & devotion to a particular nationality. ______________________________More powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region. _______________________________Person who works fields rented from a landowner & pays the rent & repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. _____________________________Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. _________________State that contains 2 or more ethnic groups w/traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. _____________________________State that contains more than one ethnicity. _______________________________________Chapter 7: Ethnicity (page 213)1. Define ethnicity:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key Issue 1: Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? (213)3. List the four ethnicities mentioned in your text and list their regional location and percentage of the U.S. population:EthnicityRegion% in U.S.4. List two cities where African Americans are concentrated and give the percentage of population they make up in these cities:4.a._________________________________________________________________________________4.b.__________________________________________________________________________________5. List three cities where Hispanics are concentrated and give the percentage of population they make up in these cities:5.a._________________________________________________________________________________5.b.__________________________________________________________________________________5.c._________________________________________________________________________________6. Name and describe three major migration patterns of African-Americans that have shaped their current distribution in the U.S:6.a._________________________________________________________________________________6.b.__________________________________________________________________________________6.c._________________________________________________________________________________7. Contrast ethnicity and race:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Identify the following:8.a._ Plessy vs. Ferguson:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.b._ Brown vs. Board of Education:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.c._ White Flight:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.d._ Blockbusting:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. Explain two ways apartheid in South Africa was similar to race practices in the U.S. prior to the 1960s. Explain two ways apartheid was different: 9.a._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9.b._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key Issue 2: Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed Into Nationalities (223)10. Contrast nationality and ethnicity:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. Why did most 19th century immigrants to the U.S. identify themselves by their ethnicity?:____________________________________________________________________________________________12. Define the following:12.a._ Self-determination:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.b._ Nation-State (Give an example):_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.c._ Nationalism:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.d._ Centripetal Force (Give an example):___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.e._ Centrifugal Force (Give an example):___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. In a sentence, explain what the source of tension among ethnicities in Sri Lanka Involves:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14. Explain the origin of the division of Hindus and Muslims in India & Pakistan:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14. Explain the Kashmir border dispute between India & Pakistan:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15. The former Soviet Union was a prominent example of a multinational state. Define multinational state and explain how this term applies to the former Soviet Union_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16. How did the Soviet Union change after the fall of the Berlin Wall?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Key Issue 3: Why Do Ethnicities Clash? (228)17. Explain the origin of the conflict in the Sudan:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18. Explain the origin of the conflict in Somalia:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19. Why did the Hutus and Tutsis clash in Rwanda in the mid 90s?:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.a. What were the results of the conflict?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20. Summarize the Palestinian perspective of the conflict over the Holy Land:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21. Summarize the Israeli perspective of the conflict over the Holy Land:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22. Define ethnic cleansing:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________23. Describe the ethnic diversity in the former Yugoslavia:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24. What is Balkanization?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2010 FRQ #2Sharma Vocabulary on Ethnicity and GenderEthnicity Acculturation Adaptive strategy Assimilation Barrio Chain migration Cultural adaptation Cultural shatterbelt Ethnic cleansingEthnic conflict Ethnic enclave Ethnic group Ethnic homeland Ethnic landscape Ethnic neighborhood Ethnicity Ethnocentrism Ghetto Plural society Race Segregation Social distance Gender Dowry death Enfranchisement Gender Gender gap Infanticide Longevity gap Maternal mortality rateReflection QuestionsWhere are the following ethnicities clustered in the US?African-AmericansHispanicsAsian-AmericansAmerican IndiansGive examples of ethnic cleansing in both Europe and Africa over the last quarter century.How is ethnicity defined?How is race defined?What are the three major African American migration patterns in the US?How was apartheid in South Africa similar and different from slavery in the US?Although no true nation-state exists, give the best European example.Give an example of each of the following:A multiethnic stateA multinational stateGive examples of both centripetal and centrifugal forces that tend to unite/divide people.Consider the elements of culture: language, religion, race, ethnicity, customs and traditions, nationalism, heritage, etc. Giving examples of a specific group, which of these do you think most people of a particular group might identify with the strongest? How have these identities caused problems, and how have they united people?List some genetically inherited traits that are usually not associated with race. Why do you think these traits aren’t used to define race, and skin color so often is?Support the argument “every ethnicity should have its own state.” Now criticize this argument from a geographic perspective.If two conflicting groups have different religions, should the conflict be termed “religious” or “ethnic?” Does the distinction matter?Briefly research and summarize an ethnic conflict not mentioned in the text. Why does ethnic cleansing continue to happen? What can we do to prevent it? ................
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