AP Human Geography - Bronx High School of Science



AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Directions: The following worksheet accompanies your reading of the text. The key concepts and questions from the reading require bulleted support from the reading. These are your notes – choose your information carefully without recopying the whole chapter.

Introduction

|Key Idea/Concept |Supporting Details |

|What is the relationship | |

|between migration and | |

|diffusion? | |

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|What is the difference between| |

|emigration and immigration? | |

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|What conditions cause net | |

|in-migration and net | |

|out-migration? | |

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|What types of mobility can | |

|geographers study? | |

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|If globalization offers people| |

|easier access to items and | |

|cultures, why do people | |

|migrate today? | |

Key Issue #1 – Why do people migrate?

|Key Idea/Concept |Supporting Details |

|Why are economic push-pull | |

|factors the most common? | |

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|Can push and pull factors be | |

|the same thing? | |

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|What are different types of | |

|cultural push-pull factors? | |

|Provide examples. | |

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|What are different types of | |

|environmental push-pull | |

|factors? | |

|Provide examples. | |

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|What are intervening | |

|obstacles? How have they | |

|changed over history? | |

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|What are Ravenstein’s 2 main | |

|points about distance of | |

|migration? | |

|What are examples of voluntary| |

|and forced international | |

|migration? | |

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|How does Zelinsky’s migration | |

|transition correspond to the | |

|demographic transition? | |

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|What are Ravenstein’s | |

|theories about gender and | |

|family-status in migration? | |

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|Do Ravenstein’s theories still| |

|hold true? Why or why not? | |

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Key Issue #2 – Where are migrants distributed?

|Key Idea/Concept |Supporting Details |

|The country with the largest | |

|number of international | |

|migrants is the USA. What | |

|benefits and challenges does | |

|that pose in American society?| |

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|What areas of the world have | |

|the greatest net | |

|out-migration? Why? | |

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|What areas of the world have | |

|the greatest net in-migration?| |

|Why? | |

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|Describe the United States’ |Colonial Immigration from England and Africa |

|three main eras of | |

|immigration. | |

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| |19th Century Immigration from Europe to early 20th century |

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| |1970s to today |

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|Describe Europe’s demographic | |

|transition after 1800. | |

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|How did the emigration of 65 | |

|million Europeans change world| |

|culture? | |

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|Who are the undocumented | |

|immigrants that enter the | |

|United States? | |

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|How have the U.S. government | |

|and the American public dealt | |

|with/responded to the illegal | |

|immigration issue? | |

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|Where do immigrants end up in | |

|the United States? | |

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Key Issue #3 – Why do migrants face obstacles?

|Key Idea/Concept |Supporting Details |

|How is migration different | |

|today than traditional | |

|migration of the past? | |

|How has the United States | |

|dealt with immigration in the | |

|20th century? | |

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|How does the concept of “brain| |

|drain” relate to the U.S. | |

|immigration policies? | |

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|What are the benefits and | |

|disadvantages to the “guest | |

|worker” policies of Europe and| |

|the Middle East? | |

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|What was the role of | |

|time-contract workers in | |

|history? | |

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|Why is distinguishing between | |

|economic migrants and refugees| |

|important? | |

|Why has it been difficult to |Cuba |

|distinguish between the two | |

|for Cuba, Haiti, and Vietnam? | |

|Explain each, | |

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| |Haiti |

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| |Vietnam |

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|What problems have immigrants | |

|to the US faced? | |

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|What problems have guest | |

|workers in Europe and the | |

|Middle East faced? | |

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Key Issue #4 – Why do people migrate within a country?

|Key Idea/Concept |Supporting Details |

|The most famous example of | |

|large-scale internal migration| |

|is the opening of the American| |

|West. Outline the steps taken| |

|to settle the interior of the | |

|continent through mass | |

|interregional migration. | |

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|How have each of the countries|Russia |

|listed dealt with | |

|interregional migration? | |

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| |Brazil |

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| |Indonesia |

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| |Europe |

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| |India |

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|Intraregional migration is |Rural to Urban |

|more common that interregional| |

|migration. Explain the | |

|conditions that create the | |

|following forms of | |

|intraregional migration. | |

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| |Urban to Suburban |

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| |Metropolitan to Nonmetropolitan |

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AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Should preference for immigrating to the United States and Canada be given to individuals with special job skills, or should priority be given to reunification of family members? Should quotas be raised to meet increasing demand for both types of immigrants? Why or why not?

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

What is the impact of large-scale emigration on the places from which migrants depart? On balance, do these places suffer because of the loss of young, upwardly mobile workers, or do these places benefit from the draining away of surplus labor? In the communities from which the migrants depart, is the quality of life improved overall through reduced pressures on local resources, or is it damaged overall through the deterioration of social structures and institutions? Explain.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

According to the concept of chain migration, current migrants tend to follow the paths of relatives and friends who have moved earlier. Can you find evidence of chain migration in your community? Does chain migration apply primarily to the relocation of people from one community in a less developed country to one community in a more developed country, or is chain migration more applicable to movement within a more developed country? Explain.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Which demographic characteristics (such as rates of natural increase, crude birth, and crude death) prevail in the Middle East, which is the world region with the largest umber of refugees? Is large-scale forced migration alleviating or exacerbating population growth in these regions? Explain.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

At the same time that some people are migrating from LDCs to MDCs in search of employment, transnational corporations have relocated some low-skilled jobs to LDCs to take advantage of low wage rates. Should LDCs care whether their surplus workers emigrate or remain as employees of foreign companies? Why?

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Is it OK for Americans to purchase products made overseas with cheap labor? Is this any different than allowing low-cost labor to immigrate to the US? How? Is there an ethical choice involved in this question?

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Name an economic, social, and environmental “push” factor (three in all) that would make you migrate, and explain each one. Do the same for three “pull” factors. Make sure you demonstrate an understanding of the difference between mobility and migration in your answer.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Why did 40 million Europeans leave for the United States to face unknown challenges in America? Answer as though you were a European in the late 1800s preparing to migrate and give your reasons for leaving Europe as well as your reasons for choosing America.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Why are new migrants to an area frequently the butt of racist or ethnic jokes? Explain in the context of the history of European emigration to the United States. Which groups were more frequently made fun of?

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

Describe an interregional move made by your family, some friends, or some others you know. Explain their migration decision using the terminology from the book. Do the same for an intraregional move.

AP Human Geography Name______________________________

Rubenstein’s The Cultural Landscape

Chapter 3: Migration

To Build a Fence?

Read the article:

McIntyre, D.L., and Weeks, J.R., (2002) Environmental Impacts of Illegal Immigration on the Cleveland National Forest in California. The Professional Geographer, 54, 392-405.

Many politicians and citizens have proposed building a high-security fence along a major portion of the US-Mexico border to prevent undocumented migration.

What do you think a “new fence” at the border might result in? How might we instead resolve issues with undocumented migration?

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