Ms. Galloway's AP Comparative Government



I. Political IdeologyTerms to Consider:ideologysecularismliberalismlibertycommunismequalitysocial democracyprivate propertyfascismBenito MussoliniGolden DawnanarchismlibertarianismGuiding Questions:1. What is an ideology? How is the concept of political ideologies connected to the development of modern politics following the French Revolution?2. How do each of the major political ideologies (liberalism, communism, fascism, anarchism, and social democracy) understand the relationship between freedom and equality? What is the ideal degree of state capacity and autonomy in case of each political ideology? Why?II. Democracy and Democratic InstitutionsTerms to Consider:DemocracyCompetitionCitizenshipElectionsPolitical partiesInterest groupsMediaEfficiencyLiberal democracyIlliberal democracy (hybrid regime)Constitutional liberalismDirect democracyRepublicanismSeparation of powersHead of stateIndirect democracyModernization theoryCivil societyChecks and balancesConstitutionCommon lawDue process of lawRule of lawexecutivehead of governmentlegislaturesbicameral systemunicameral systemJudiciaryConstitutional courtJudicial reviewConcrete reviewAbstract reviewTyranny of the majorityGuiding Questions:1. What is a liberal democracy? What makes it “liberal”? What are institutions common to a liberal democracy?2. What are some ways in which the power of the majority can be checked in democratic systems? (Do NOT just think about the US; think broadly.)III. Models of DemocracyTerms to Consider:Parliamentary systemPrime minister (PM)cabinetmonarchyconstitutional monarchycoalition government pluralitymajoritypolitical partiesvote of no confidencenational electionspresidential systempresident“reign” vs. “rule”Semi-presidential systemsGuiding Questions:1. How do the roles of presidents different from the role of prime ministers? Why do these differences exist? What are some of the governmental and political consequences of these differences?2. Which of the democratic systems (parliamentary, presidential, or semi-presidential) is the most common? Why?3. What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three systems?IV. Competition and ParticipationTerms to Consider:Political partiesCandidatesElectoral systemsConstituencySingle-member district (SMD)Multi-member district (MMD)Mixed electoral systemProportional representation (PR)GerrymanderingTwo-party systemMulti-party systemInstant run-off voting (alternative, preferential, or rank-by-preference)Party listParty disciplineReferendumInitiativeUp-or-down voteGuiding Questions:1. How do SMDs traditionally function? What are their strengths? Their weaknesses?2. How does a PR system function? What are its strengths? Its weaknesses?3. How do the electoral systems in democratic regimes influence how political parties function? In which system is the political party more influential: SMD or PR? Why?4. How does gerrymandering and redistricting influence electoral systems? What are the major problems of drawing district lines? What are some solutions to the problem of gerrymandering?V. United Kingdom: Political HistoryTerms of Consider:Migrations and invationsNorman invasion1066 CEfeudalismMagna CartaParliamentCommon lawHenry VIIIAct of SupremacyUnification (1603 CE)English Civil WarCharles IOliver CromwellInterregnumRestoration Charles IIJames IIGlorious RevolutionCatholicismProtestantismBill of RightsParliamentary sovereigntySir Robert WalpoleNorthern IrelandColonizationAct of Union (1789 CE)NationalismGreat Irish FamineHome RuleEaster RisingIrish War of IndependenceIrish Free StateWhigsToriessuffrageChartist movementIndustrial RevolutionLabour PartyWorld War IIWelfare stateCollectivist consensusNeoliberalismGuiding Questions:1. How and why was the power of the English monarchy limited? What long-term effects has this had on the UK’s governmental system?2. What is common law? How did it form? What are some of the central ideas and traditions held as part of UK common law? How do they influence modern political behavior in the UK?VI. United Kingdom: Contemporary Government and PoliticsTerms to Consider:Unitary stateConstitutionCrownPrime ministerCabinetCollective responsibilityLegislatureHouse of CommonsHouse of LordsHung parliamentConservative PartyMargaret ThatcherTrade unionsPrivatizationQuangosGreater London CouncilLabour PartyTony BlairThird WayLiberal DemocratsCoalition governmentPlaid CymruUK Independence PartyEuroskepticsScottish National PartySinn FéinDevolutionNational Health ServiceRegional representationNorthern Ireland AssemblyPR-SMDSingle-transferable voteGood Friday AgreementCouncilsPeersJudiciaryClass divisionsDissolution of empireImmigrationRacial/ethnic diversityEuro v. poundAlternative voteIndependence movementsCapitalismAdam SmithNeoliberalismPost-industrial societyFinancial inequalityBrexitEuropean UnionEuropean ParliamentEuropean CouncilThe CouncilThe European CommisionRegulationDirectiveOpinionEuropean Economic AreaSchengen AreaEurozoneGuiding Questions:1. What are the main political parties in the UK? What are their general platforms? How do they influence public policy?2. What is the European Union? How does it create legislation? What are the goals of the EU? What are some of the objections Euroskeptics have regarding the EU? How did the Brexit referendum come to take place? What are the likely results of the Leave vote?3. How do the major political institutions of the UK interact? How do they act (or not act) as checks and balances? What is the role of Parliament in the process of governing? Why is its role so strong?***Also: don’t forget to review your Harkness readings! All of them are fair game on the test. ................
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