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AP Physics Summer AssignmentExperimental Design and AnalysisPurposeUse science practices to answer a scientific questionRationale for this AssignmentThe structure of the AP Physics course goes beyond simple understanding of physics concepts. The course also emphasizes certain skills that are expected of a scientist in performing a learning task. These skills are indicated below and are taken directly from the College Board site for AP Physics 1 and 2.Science Practice 1: The student can use representations and models to communicate scientific phenomena and solve scientific problems.Science Practice 2: The student can use mathematics appropriately.Science Practice 3: The student can engage in scientific questioning to extend thinking or to guide investigations within the context of the AP course.Science Practice 4: The student can plan and implement data collection strategies in relation to a particular scientific question.Science Practice 5: The student can perform data analysis and evaluation of evidence.Science Practice 6: The student can work with scientific explanations and theories.Science Practice 7: The student is able to connect and relate knowledge across various scales, concepts and representations in and across domains.Preliminary Claim to EvaluateA student accidentally dropped a package of coffee filters and a single coffee filter simultaneously from a countertop and observed that the package reached the floor much faster than the single filter. The student believed that the mass of the coffee filters impacted the final velocity of the filters just before they struck the floor. An experiment was performed in which the student dropped varying amounts of coffee filters from the same height. The following data was collected:# of FiltersMass (g)Final Velocity (cm/s)10.998721.9912433.0115244.0017555.0019087.992411010.01255What is the scientific question that the student was trying to answer?What does the evidence from this experiment show? Support your conclusion with specific references to the data.The student then read another student’s paper on the Internet that contends that all objects fall at the same rate in the absence of air resistance. In a second experiment,the same procedure was repeated, but the filters were crushed into tightly packed balls. The following data was obtained:# of FiltersMass (g)Final Velocity (cm/s)10.9926121.9926233.0126244.0026455.0026387.992641010.01265What was the significance of crushing the filters?What does the evidence from this experiment show? Support your conclusion with specific references to the data.Essential Skill Enhancing TasksThe following series of activities will provide you with the requisite skills needed to answer a scientific problem. These tasks include:Designing a controlled experimentCollecting data and displaying appropriate precision in a spreadsheetUsing a spreadsheet to organize and manipulate dataInterpreting a graph to determine whether values are relatedLinearizing a data set to determine how two values are relatedDrawing a conclusion that is supported by evidence Essential Skill #1: Independent and Dependent VariablesView this video on experimental variablesComplete the Experiments and Variables Concept Builder from the Physics Classroom. After you successfully complete the activity, you will receive a certificate of completion. You will paste a screenshot of this certificate in the box that is providedInsert Your Screenshot HereEssential Skill #2: Using a Spreadsheet to Organize DataOpen your Summer Project Spreadsheet Tutorials Sheet in Classroom. View this document that explains how to sort your data. View this document that explains how to perform calculations using a spreadsheetView this video that shows how to add or remove decimals from a column of dataOn your Organizing and Sorting Sheet of your spreadsheet, you will make your data appear with the following modifications (using spreadsheet functions):Data is reported in alphabetical order by student last nameAverage values for height and weight are reported at the bottom of the sheetAll numerical data (including average) is reported to the nearest whole numberAll titles and average values are in a bold fontNote: the Explore button on the bottom right hand corner will provide you with common “smart” editing featuresEssential Skill #3: Using a Spreadsheet to Perform CalculationsOpen your Summer Project Spreadsheet Tutorials Sheet in Classroom. View my video on Performing Calculations in Google SheetsOn the Performing Calculations Sheet of your spreadsheet, provide the calculations to the first row of your data and use the fill handle to apply the calculations to all of the rows.Essential Skill #4: Using Desmos to Plot and Analyze DataOpen your Summer Project Spreadsheet Tutorials Sheet in Classroom. View my video on How to Plot and Organize Data in DesmosView my video on How to Determine a Data Trend in DesmosOn your Exporting Data to Desmos Sheet, provide the required calculations and transfer the data to Desmos for analysis. Once the data has been transferred into a table in Desmos, apply the appropriate curve type. You can use this reference sheet to view the possible curve types. Provide a screenshot of your Desmos screen that includes a properly labelled axis, the best available curve fit, and the equation that you used. Click here if you would like to open the Desmos file that I used for the Graphical Relationships videoInsert Your Screenshot HereEssential Skill #5: Linearizing DataOpen your Summer Project Spreadsheet Tutorials Sheet in Classroom.View my video on How to Linearize a Graphical RelationshipUse this reference sheet to refer to the most common types of relationships that we will encounter in this class. On your Linearizing Data Sheet, transfer the data to Desmos for analysis. In Desmos, apply the appropriate curve to determine how the two variables are relatedOnce you have determined the relationship, return to Sheets and perform a calculation that will modify the independent variable in order to produce a linear graph. Transfer your modified data and the dependent variable data to a new table in Desmos and apply a Linear Fit.Provide screenshots of your properly labelled linearized graphs.Insert Screenshot #1Insert Screenshot #2Insert Screenshot #3Your Official Final Task: Putting it All TogetherOpen the PVC Freefall Simulation from the Physics Aviary on PhET. You are to use the simulation to produce an experiment that would provide evidence that would support (or refute) the claim that the final speed that a falling object will attain is dependent on the height from which it was dropped.Identify the scientific claim for this activityIdentify the experimental variables and constants for this activityIndependent VariableDependent VariableConstant Condition(s)Devise a procedure (in clear and concise paragraph form) that a student can follow that will test this claim in the box belowCollect all data in the Final Summer Project Spreadsheet (including any and all manipulated data). Transfer your independent and dependent variables into the table below. You will replace the terms in the yellow boxes with their physical measurements.Manipulated (Independent) VariableResponding (Dependent) VariablePlot your data in Desmos to determine the appropriate relationship and apply the appropriate best-fit curve. Provide a screenshot of your properly labelled graph, data table, and equations from Desmos in the box belowIn your spreadsheet, linearize your data so that you can add it to a new Desmos file. Plot the data and produce a linear fit. Be sure to properly label the axes. Provide a screenshot of your properly labelled linearized graph, data table, and equations from Desmos in the box belowMake a concluding evidence-based statement that supports or refutes the original claim in the box below ................
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