AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based - College Board

2018

AP Physics 1:

Algebra-Based

Free-Response Questions

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AP? PHYSICS 1 TABLE OF INFORMATION

CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Proton mass, mp

1.67 ? 1027 kg

Electron charge magnitude,

e

1.60 ? 10 19 C

Neutron mass, mn

1.67 ? 10 27 kg

Coulomb¡¯s law constant,

k

1 4 pe0

Electron mass, me

9.11 ? 10 31 kg

Speed of light,

3.00 ? 108 m s

UNIT

SYMBOLS

c

meter,

kilogram,

second,

ampere,

PREFIXES

Factor

Prefix

Symbol

12

tera

T

10

m

kg

s

A

Universal gravitational

constant, G

Acceleration due to gravity

at Earth¡¯s surface, g

kelvin,

hertz,

newton,

joule,

K

Hz

N

J

watt,

coulomb,

volt,

ohm,

9.0 ? 10 9 N ? m 2 C2

6.67 ? 10 11 m 3 kg?s2

9.8 m s2

W

C

V

W

degree Celsius,

?C

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

?

q

0

30

?

?

?

?

37

45

53

60

?

90

?

10 9

giga

G

sinq

0

12

35

2 2

45

3 2

1

10 6

mega

M

cosq

1

3 2

45

2 2

35

12

0

10 3

kilo

k

tanq

0

3 3

34

1

43

3

?

10

2

centi

c

10

3

milli

m

10

6

micro

m

10

9

nano

n

10 12

pico

p

The following conventions are used in this exam.

I. The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless

otherwise stated.

II. Assume air resistance is negligible unless otherwise stated.

III. In all situations, positive work is defined as work done on a system.

IV. The direction of current is conventional current: the direction in which

positive charge would drift.

V. Assume all batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated.

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AP? PHYSICS 1 EQUATIONS

MECHANICS

?x

x

?x2

?

a

?

Ff

ac

?

p

?x 0  a x t

1

x0  ?x 0 t  ax t 2

2

?x20  2 a x x  x0

?

?

? F Fnet

m

m

?

m Fn

?2

r

?

mv

?

Dp

?

F Dt

K

1 2

mv

2

DE

W

P

DE

Dt

q

q0  w0t 

w

w0  at

x

A cos 2 p ft

?

?

? t t net

I

I

?

a

t

rA F

L

Iw

DL

K

Us

r

1 2

Iw

2

?

kx

1 2

kx

2

m

V

1 2

at

2

rF sin q

t Dt

?

Fs

Fd cos q

F?d

a

A

d

E

f

F

I

K

k

L

?

m

P

p

r

T

t

U

V

v

W

x

y

a

m

q

r

t

w

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

ELECTRICITY

acceleration

amplitude

distance

energy

frequency

force

rotational inertia

kinetic energy

spring constant

angular momentum

length

mass

power

momentum

radius or separation

period

time

potential energy

volume

speed

work done on a system

position

height

angular acceleration

coefficient of friction

angle

density

torque

angular speed

DUg

2p

w

Ts

2p

Tp

?

Fg

?

g

UG

1

f

G

r2

Dq

Dt

r?

A

DV

R

I

R

I

P

I DV

Rs

? Ri

?

g

r2

area

force

current

length

power

charge

resistance

separation

time

electric potential

resistivity

1

? Ri

i

WAVES

v

f

l

f = frequency

v = speed

l = wavelength

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

Rectangle

A bh

Triangle

A

1

bh

2

Circle

pr 2

2 pr

V

pr 2?

S

2 pr ?  2 pr 2

Sphere

m1m2

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

i

1

Rp

Cylinder

V

?

Fg

m



A

F

I

?

P

q

R

r

t

V

r

q1q2

Rectangular solid

V ?wh

m

k

2p

k

A

C

mg Dy

T

?

FE

S

4 3

pr

3

4pr 2

A = area

C = circumference

V = volume

S = surface area

b = base

h = height

? = length

w = width

r = radius

Right triangle

c2

a 2  b2

a

sin q

c

b

cos q

c

a

tan q

b

c

q

b

Gm1m2

r

-3-

a

90¡ã

2018 AP? PHYSICS 1 FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

PHYSICS 1

Section II

Time¡ª1 hour and 30 minutes

5 Questions

Directions: Questions 1, 4, and 5 are short free-response questions that require about 13 minutes each to answer and

are worth 7 points each. Questions 2 and 3 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to

answer and are worth 12 points each. Show your work for each part in the space provided after that part.

1. (7 points, suggested time 13 minutes)

A spacecraft of mass m is in a clockwise circular orbit of radius R around Earth, as shown in the figure above.

The mass of Earth is M E .

(a) In the figure below, draw and label the forces (not components) that act on the spacecraft. Each force must

be represented by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away from, the spacecraft.

(b)

i. Derive an equation for the orbital period T of the spacecraft in terms of m, M E , R, and physical

constants, as appropriate. If you need to draw anything other than what you have shown in part (a) to

assist in your solution, use the space below. Do NOT add anything to the figure in part (a).

ii. A second spacecraft of mass 2m is placed in a circular orbit with the same radius R. Is the orbital

period of the second spacecraft greater than, less than, or equal to the orbital period of the first

spacecraft?

____ Greater than

____ Less than

____ Equal to

Briefly explain your reasoning.

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2018 AP? PHYSICS 1 FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

(c) The first spacecraft is moved into a new circular orbit that has a radius greater than R, as shown in the figure

below.

Is the speed of the spacecraft in the new orbit greater than, less than, or equal to the original speed?

____ Greater than

____ Less than

____ Equal to

Briefly explain your reasoning.

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