AP Psychology
AP Psychology
The History and Scope of Psychology
Psychology’s Roots
Psychology’s Big Issues
Psychology’s Perspectives
Key Themes and Terms
Historical Overview
Philosophy & Physiology
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
Structuralism (Wundt)
Functionalism (James)
Freud, Watson, Skinner
Psychology
Psyche
mind/soul
logy
systematic study
of behavior and cognitive (mental) processes
Historical Overview
Psychology: Science of behavior and mental processes
Psychology emerged from:
philosophy- rationalism, empiricism
physiology/biology- brain, nervous system
cognitive revolution- computers, technology
anthropology- multiculturalism
Origins of Psychology
Philosophy
perception of reality
free will
Physiology
scientific tradition
mechanics of behavior, cognition, and perception
Psychology: Scientific Study of
Behavior
Mental processes
Distinguish
mind, brain, and soul
Measure and observe
History of Psychology
Ancient Greece
Nativism, Rationalism, and Empiricism
Middle Ages
Renaissance and Enlightenment
Reason and Freedom
The Physiologists (1800’s)
Pre-Psychology
Beginnings of Modern Psychology (late 1800’s)
Structuralism - components - Wundt
Functionalism - adaptation - James
The Science of Mental Life (late 1800’s to 1920’s)
Freud and Psychoanalysis
Rise of Behaviorism (1920’s into the 1960’s)
Behaviorism – Watson and Skinner
Epistemology: Basis for knowledge
Rationalism
Knowledge attained through logic and reasoning
Empiricism
Evidenced by direct observation
Demonstrable by experiment
Ancient Philosophers/Physicians
Hippocrates (460-375 B.C.)
“Father of Medicine”
Abnormal behavior caused by physical problems of the brain
Plato (437-347 B.C.)
Nativist
Tripartite Soul – Reason, Appetite, and Spirit
Aristotle (384 -322 B.C.)
Empiricist
Theory of Memory basis for several modern theories of cognition and learning
Galen (130-200 A.D.)
Built on Hippocrates idea of relationship between physical states and illness
Middle Ages
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
“Cogito, ergo sum”
Mind-Body Dualism
Nativist
John Locke (1632-1704)
“Tabula rasa”
Experience
Physiologists
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
Speed of nerve connections
Moved studying mind from philosophy to empirical science
Theories of color vision
Ernst Weber (1795-1878) and Gustav Fechner (1801-1887)
University of Leipzig
Studied relationship between sensations and perceptions
The Beginnings of Modern Psychology
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
Germany – University of Leipzig
established psychology laboratory (1879)
first modern psychologist
studied consciousness.
used introspection as research tool.
Edward Titchener (1867-1927)
Chief proponent of structuralism. Used introspection to tap human consciousness. Had troubles with verification of data and reliability.
Functionalism
William James
(1842 -1910) Harvard University
Founder of American Functionalism. Viewed behavior in terms of its adaptive value for the organism. Focused on the flow of consciousness rather than its structure.
Focus on education and business
Pragmatism
Influenced by Darwin
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