AP Psychology Development Unit Formative Assessment …



left250002514600AP Psychology Development Unit Formative Assessment Packet900007300AP Psychology Development Unit Formative Assessment Packetrighttop40000100000-3453497253605Name ______________________________________________/154 points020000Name ______________________________________________/154 points-2598063773805*Reminder: Some content may be out of order. Using the index may help you locate the information in a different area of the text.4000020000*Reminder: Some content may be out of order. Using the index may help you locate the information in a different area of the text.20288254286250vModule 45 – Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn (16 points)Ask Yourself (2 points):Are you the same person you were as a preschooler? As an 8-year-old? As a 12-year-old? How are you different? How are you the same?Are you surprised by the news of infants’ competencies? Remember hindsight bias from Module 47? Is this one of those cases where it feels like you “knew it all along”?Test Yourself (5 points):Developmental researchers who emphasize learning and experience are supporting ____________________; those who emphasize biological maturation are supporting ____________________.What findings in psychology support (1) the stage theory of development and (2) the idea of stability in personality across the span?The first two weeks of prenatal development is the period of the ____________________. The period of the ____________________ lasts from 9 weeks after conception until birth. The time between those two prenatal periods is considered the period of the ____________________.Your friend’s older sister—a regular drinker—hopes to become pregnant soon and has stopped drinking. Why is this a good idea? What negative effects might alcohol consumed during pregnancy have on a developing fetus?Infants’ ____________________ to repeated stimulation helps developmental psychologists study what they can learn and remember.Multiple Choice (6 points):1. _____ Juliette is experiencing lifelong physical and mental abnormalities because her mother consumed alcohol while she was pregnant. The alcohol, because of the damage it caused, is considered a(n) a. reflex.b. embryo.c. teratogen.d. epigenetic.e. zygote.2. _____ Even as newborns, we prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness. This can be seen by a newborn’s preference fora. soft music.b. face-like images.c. low pitched sounds.d. soft colors.e. loud music.3. _____ As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wants and they look away sooner. The decrease in an infant’s responsiveness is calleda. concentration.b. teratogens.c. habituation.d. stability.e. a stage.4. _____ Which developmental issue best represents how our genes and environment interact?a. Habituation and maturationb. Stability and changec. Continuity and stabilityd. Continuity and stagese. Nature and nurture5. _____ What is the prenatal development sequence?a. Zygote, fetus, embryob. Fetus, zygote, embryoc. Embryo, zygote, fetusd. Zygote, embryo, fetuse. Fetus, embryo, zygote6. _____ Some people think development occurs in the same way a tree grows--slowly and steadily. Others think that there are rather abrupt developmental jumps—more like the transformation of a tadpole into a frog. Which of the following issues would this difference of opinion relate to?a. Nature and nurtureb. Maturation and learningc. Prenatal and neonatald. Stability and changee. Continuity and stagesPractice FRQ (3 points):Three major issues are addressed by psychologists in the study of human development. Identify and state how all three might explain how children’s traits and abilities develop.Module 46 – Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development (9 points)Ask Yourself (1 points):What do you tend to regard as your earliest memory? Now that you know about infantile amnesia, has your opinion changed about the accuracy of that memory?Test Yourself (1 points):What is the biological growth process that explains why most children begin walking by about 12 to 15 months?Multiple Choice 4( points):1. _____ As the infant’s brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This use-it-or-lose-it process is known asa. motor development.b. pruning.c. heredity.d. amnesia.e. maturation.2. _____ Maturation explains whya. we stand before we walk.b. we like familiar people.c. we learn the language accents of our peers.d. infants become attracted to scents associated with their mother’s nursing.e. the brain shuts down unused connections.3. _____ Which of the following is true of the early formation of brain cells?a. They form at a constant rate throughout the prenatal period.b. They begin forming slowly, and then the rate increases throughout prenatal development.c. They form slowly during the prenatal period, and then the rate increases after birth.d. They form at a constantly increasing rate prenatally and in early childhood.e. They are overproduced early in the prenatal period, and then the rate decreases and stabilizes.4. _____ Infantile amnesia best explains whya. Justina, age 25, cannot remember hearing Japanese when she was 10.b. Ella, age 10, has no memories of her third birthday party.c. Karla, age 3, can’t understand why her new brother is crying.d. Becka, age 2, is unable to remember where she left her doll.e. Hannah, age 6, can’t remember the gymnastics routine she just learned.Practice FRQ (3 points):Three types of development are listed below. Give a specific example of each.Brain developmentMotor developmentInfant memoryModule 47 – Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development (15 points)Ask Yourself (2 points):Can you think of an example from your own childhood, or perhaps that of a sibling, that illustrates of the theories of cognitive development discussed in this section?Can you recall a time when you misheard some song lyrics because you assimilated them into your own schema? (For hundreds of examples of this phenomenon, visit ).Test Yourself (3 points):Match the correct cognitive developmental stage (a-d) to each developmental phenomenon (1-6).a. Sensorimotorb. Preoperationalc. Concrete operationald. Formal operational1. _____ Thinking about abstract concepts, such as “freedom.”2. _____ Enjoying imaginary play (such as dress-up).3. _____ Understanding that physical properties stay the same even when objects change form.4. _____ Having the ability to reverse math operations.5. _____ Understanding that something is not gone for good when it disappears from sight, as when Mom “disappears” behind the shower curtain.6. _____ Having difficulty taking another’s point of view (as when blocking someone’s view of the TV).Use Piaget’s first three stages of cognitive development to explain why children are not just miniature adults in the way they think.What does theory of mind have to do with autism spectrum disorder?Multiple Choice (7 points):1. _____ Your friend’s baby brother, Matt, loves to play with his pet cat. When he sees a puppy, he points and call it “Mi Mi,” which is what he calls his cat. Matt is demonstrating Piaget’s process ofa. conservation.b. accommodation.c. cognitiond. object permanence.e. assimilation.2. _____ If you showed a 2-year-old a model of her bedroom where you’d hidden a toy behind the bed, she woulda., understand that the model represented her room, but not be able to find the toy in her own room.b. exhibit schematic thinking and be able to explain the study back to you.c. be unable to find the toy in her room due to a lack of symbolic thinking.d. understand that the model represented her room, and be able to find the toy in her own room.e. misunderstand the instructions due to her lack of theory of mind.3. _____ Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help thea. theory of mind.b. zone of abstract logic.c. zone of abstract reasoning.d. zone of proximal development.e. zone of developmental readiness.4. _____ Which of the following is a current belief of researchers that differs from Piaget’s original theories?a. Infants simply have less information about the world than older children and adults.b. Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed.c. Infants learn more by verbal explanations than Piaget believed.d. Accommodation is a process that doesn’t occur in young children.e. Schemas don’t form until later than Piaget believed.5. _____ Which of the following cognitive abilities is possible only at the formal operational stage?a. Reversing arithmetic operations.b. Using a theory of mind to predict the behavior of others.c. Using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoningd. Using symbolic thinking for pretend playe. Understanding basic physics to recognize impossible situations.6. _____ A 4-year-old child comes into the room and tells her parent, “I broke it” without feeling the need to tell her parent what is broken becausea. the child lacks an understanding of conservation.b. the child is afraid of being punished.c. the child cannot remember what was broken.d. the child has assimilated the object into her memory.e. the child is egocentric.7. _____ Which of the following would indicate that a child understands conservation?a. She would continue to seek a toy hidden under a blanket.She would “hide” in a game of hide-and-seek by covering her eyes with her hands.c. She would believe that a clay snake would have the same amount of clay as the clay ball that was used to make it.d. She would recognize that 7 + 3 involves the same mathematical relationship as 10 – 7.e. She would be able to comprehend the logic of if-then statements.Practice FRQ (3 points):Give an example of each of the cognitive milestones listed below:Object permanenceConservationTheory of mindModule 48 – Infancy and Childhood: Social Development (12 points)Ask Yourself (2 points):How would you describe the style of your parents or primary caregivers? How has this impacted your attachment style or your other traits and behaviors?How would you describe your own temperament? Is it similar to or different from that of other family members?Test Yourself (2 points):The four parenting styles may be described as “too hard, too soft, too uncaring, and just right.” Which parenting style goes with each of these descriptions, and how do children benefit from the “just right” style?What distinguishes imprinting from attachment?Multiple Choice (6 points):1. _____ An 18-month-old typically recognizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes toa. self-assurance.b. self-concept.c. self-esteemd. self actualization.e. self-determination.2. _____ Studies done by Harry and Margaret Harlow found thata. nutrition was the most important factor in attachment.b. contact comfort was the most important factor in attachment.c. the surrogate mother’s appearance was the most important attachment factor.d. monkeys were equally likely to come attached to either surrogate mother.e. the monkeys didn’t form attachments to the surrogate mothers.3. _____ What do we call an optimal window of opportunity for proper development?a. Attachmentb. A critical periodc. A social periodd. Imprintinge. A parenting style4. _____ Which of the following identifies the parenting style most likely to harshly punish a teen who has been accused of wrongdoing without first hearing form the teen?a. Authoritativeb. Authoritarianc. Permissived. Detachede. Negligent5. _____ Which of the following would be considered a sign of secure attachment in a 1-year-old?a. Showing no sign of stranger anxiety, whether the parent is present or notb. Paying no attention to a parent who returns after a brief separationc. Showing anger at the parent after a brief separationd. Becoming distressed when the parent leaves and seeking contact on returne. Not reacting to a parent leaving or returning after a brief separation6. _____ According to research done by Erik Erikson and Joan Erikson, children who are securely attached are also likely to bea. parented by authoritarian parents.b. developing a sense of basic trust.c. raised in a neglectful environment.d. showing less stranger anxiety.e. able to think in an abstract manner.Practice FRQ (2 points):Keisha’s parents could be described as permissive. Jasmine’s parents could be described as authoritative. Describe the reactions of each set of parents when the girls ask if they can stay out past curfew.Parenting Styles of Diana Baumrind (10 points)Baumrind’s Parenting StylesParenting StyleParent and Child RelationshipAuthoritarianThe parent demands obedience and controls the child’s behavior through punishment. There is limited communication between the parent and child. This restrictive parenting style offers the child limited love and warmth.Permissive Indulgent The parent provides few expectations and rules and allows the child to make their own decisions. There are high levels of communication as well as warmth and love. Permissive NeglectfulThe parent is generally uninvolved in their children’s lives. The are low in their levels of responsiveness and lack support of their children. Neglectful parents often see their own lives as more important than the needs of their child.AuthoritativeThe parent establishes clear limits and provides explanations for consequences. There is open communication between the parent and child, but the parent makes the ultimate decision. This collaborative parenting style offers the child love and warmth.Directions: Answer the following questions regarding which type of parenting style is being or has been used.1. ____________________ Kelly’s Father wants her to be a doctor. Kelly is currently a junior in high school and would prefer to become a psychology teacher. Kelly does not mention this to her father because he believes if he is paying for her college education, he will be the one to decide he career path.2. ____________________ Ethel believes that children should not be constrained by rules and regulations; therefore, her three children have no chores or responsibilities around the house. Ethel spends much time with them and loves them very much.3. ____________________ Roger has recently divorced his wife of fifteen years. Roger’s two children live with him; however, he spends most of his time working or out with friends. He is not aware of his children’s interests or passions and does not much care to find out.4. ____________________ Mindy will be attending the high school prom in a few weeks; her parents realize that this is a special event and that Mindy’s normal curfew may not be appropriate. They seek her input and together establish a new set of guidelines for the prom weekend.5. ____________________ George has chores to do at home and responsibilities in caring for his younger siblings. Occasionally, he forgets to do his chores or does not treat one of his siblings with respect. If this occurs, his parents will discuss with him why they are upset and provide an appropriate punishment. 6. ____________________ When going off to live independently, children of this parenting type often cannot make decisions for themselves because someone else has been driving all of the decisions in the past.7. ____________________ Maddie is fifty-years old but feels young again when she is around her children. She wants to be friends with her children rather than a parent; she allows her teenage children to throw parties at the house and to come home whenever they like. She thinks that she is being “cool” without realizing that her children need a parent, not a friend.8. ____________________ Teddy is the father of four children he sets the rules and expects them to be followed… period.9. ____________________ Joanne is a highly competitive lawyer. She frequently works18-hour days, and she has a quick legal mind. She has been rapidly promoted throughout her career. She has two adolescent daughters with whom she spends little time and knows little about.10. ____________________ Juan knows that his parents have created rules in the house for a reason and knows that there will be repercussions for violating these rules. Juan, however, also feels like he has a voice in the creation of the guidelines and what is fair. Module 49 – Gender Development (12 points)Ask Yourself (2 points):Think of two people you’ve known for a long time: one male, and one female. Have you observed differences in their behavior that might, based on what you’ve learned here, be attributable to their gender? Have these differences changed with age?Do you consider yourself strongly gender typed or not strongly gender typed? What factors do you think have contributed to your feelings of masculinity or femininity?Test Yourself (2 points):____________________ (Men/women) are more likely to commit relational aggression; and ____________________ (men/women) are more likely to commit physical aggression.What are gender roles, and what do their variations tell us about our human capacity for learning and adaptation?Multiple Choice (5 points):1. _____ According to research, which of the following is more common among males than females?a. Physical aggressionb. Smilingc. Relational aggressiond. Averting one’s eyese. Apologizing2. _____ Gender _____ are the social expectations that guide men and women’s behavior. Gender _____ is a person’s sense of being male or female.a. concepts; roleb. preferences; rolec. roles; preferenced. roles; identitye. roles; preference3. _____ Which of the following is generally true of males when compared to females?a. They have a longer life span.b. They are more likely to have a democratic leadership style.c. They are more likely to commit suicide.d. They are more likely to be diagnosed with depression.e. They are more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety.4. _____ Diego like to play sports and video games, whereas Sara likes to sing, dance, and play “house.” This example best depicts which of the following?a. Gender identityb. Gender typingc. Gender schemad. Social learning theorye. Gender expression5. _____ Carol Gilligan’s research emphasizes prominent female characteristics, especiallya. spatial abilities.b. making social connections.c. playing in large groups.d. talking a great deal.e. playing in competitive groups.Practice FRQ (3 points):Give an example of a biological, a psychological, and a social factor that might contribute to gender differences.Module 50 – Parents, Peers, and Early Experiences (8 points)Ask Yourself (1 point):To what extent and in what ways, have your peers and your parents helped shape who you are?Test Yourself (1 point):To predict whether a teenager smokes, ask how many of the teen’s friends smoke. One explanation for the correlation is peer influence. What’s another?Multiple Choice (4 points):1. _____ Peer influence would have the strongest effect ona. JS who, at age 30, is deciding whether to propose to his girlfriend.b. Frank, who, at age 10, is deciding whether to play baseball or hockey.c. Arman, who, at age 18, is choosing between two highly rated colleges.d. Linda, who, at age 45, is deciding which church group to join.e. Johann, who at age 7, is choosing a project for art class.2. _____ Compared with rats raised in an enriched environment, which of the following is true of rats raised in isolation?a. Their brain cortex is less developed.b. Though neurologically similar, they fear other rats.c. Their brains have more connections.d. They have a thicker brain cortex.e. The differences between the two groups are not statistically significant.3. _____ In which of the following examples would parents have the highest degree of influence?a. In homes where children are severely neglected or abusedb. In determining a child’s personality‘c. When a child is trying to fit in at a new schoold. When a young child is learning the language spoken at a new schoole. When a young person develops schizophrenia4. _____ Neurologically, what is the function of pruning?a. Pruning creates new connections between synapses through repeated experiences.Pruning reduces the negative effects of teratogens by eliminating neural waste.c. Pruning increases the weight of the brain through enriching experiences.d. Pruning creates areas in the brain used in learning mathematics.e. Pruning eliminates unused neural pathways.Practice FRQ (2 points):Provide two examples of how children are influenced by their peers. Module 51 – Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development (11 points)Ask Yourself (1 point):Can you recall making an impulsive decision when you were younger that you later regretted? Would you approach the situation differently today?Test Yourself (2 points):According to Kohlberg, ____________________ morality focuses on self interest, ____________________ morality focuses on self-defined ethical principles, and ____________________ morality focuses on upholding laws and social rules.How has Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning been criticized?Multiple Choice (5 points):1. _____ Walter Mischel’s famous “marshmallow test” found thata. adolescents are unable to control most impulses.b. adults who can delay gratification often have lower paying jobs.c. children who can delay gratification are often successful as adults.d. children who can delay gratification often do not flourish as adults.e. adolescents who can delay gratification tend to be at the preconventional level of morality.2. _____ __________ focused on moral intuition and how people feel about moral situations; __________, however, was more interested in moral reasoning and how people think about moral situations.a. Kohlberg; Eriksonb. Erikson; Kohlbergc. Piaget; Kohlbergd. Piaget; Eriksone. Haidt; Kohlberg3. _____ Howard cheats in his calculus class, even though he knows it is wring, because “everyone else is doing it.” Kohlberg would argue that Howard’s response reflects a __________ view of morality.a. myelinatedb. preconventionalc. conventionald. postconventionale. formal operational4. _____ What development in adolescents allows for greater impulse control?a. The hormonal surge of early adolescenceb. Hindbrain changes associated with the onset of pubertyc. Frontal lobe maturation in late adolescenced. Limbic system development in mid-adolescencee. A decrease in myelin production throughout adolescence5. _____ Piaget would argue that as an adolescent, Mildred is better able to understand calculus because she is in the a. sensorimotor stage.b. preoperational stage.c. concrete operational stage.d. formal operational stage.e. accommodation stage.Practice FRQ (3 points):Analyze how the following concepts might affect a middle school student who is asked by his friends to skip science class and hide in the bathroom at school.The timing of pubertyThe maturity of the teenage brainConventional moralityKohlberg’s Moral Development (10 points)Directions: Identify which of Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development or the term related to moral development:Preconventional Conventional Postconventional1. ____________________ In which level of moral development would a person obey laws in order to gain reinforcements or avoid punishments? 2. ____________________ During which level of morality are most children during the preoperational stage (Piaget) of cognitive development (ages 2-7)? 3. ____________________ Individuals who are reasoning at the postconventional level must be at this level of cognitive development according to Piaget because it involves abstract thought and reasoning. 4. ____________________ Which level of moral development is based on gaining the respect of others and conforming to societal norms? 5. ____________________ Which level of moral development involves individuals acting on their own personal beliefs and morals?6. ____________________ Timothy volunteers at the local food bank because he wants his friends and family to think he is a responsible young man. Which level of moral development is Timothy operating under according to Kohlberg?7. ____________________ At which of Kohlberg’s levels do individuals make decisions about right and wrong based on how much an action conforms to social rules and norms?8. ____________________ According to criticisms made by Carol Gilligan, what type of bias exists in Kohlberg’s moral development theory?9. ____________________ At which of Kohlberg’s levels do individuals make decisions about what is right and wrong based on what others such as parents and peers will think of them?10. ____________________ At which of Kohlberg’s levels do individuals make decisions about what is right and wrong based on personal ethics and values rather than consequences?Module 52 – Adolescence: Social Development and Emerging Adulthood (12 points)Ask Yourself (1 point):What have you been your best and worst experiences during adolescence? How have your experiences been influenced by environmental factors, such as your cultural context, and how have they been influenced by your inborn traits?Test Yourself (2 points):How has the transition from childhood to adulthood changed in Western cultures in the last century or so?Match the psychosocial development state (1-8) with the issue that Erikson believed we wrestle with at that state (a-h).1. _____ Infancy2. _____ Toddlerhood3. _____ Preschool4. _____ Elementary school5. _____ Adolescence6. _____ Young adulthood7. _____ Middle adulthood8. _____ Late adulthooda. Generativity vs. stagnationb. Integrity vs. despairc. Initiative vs. guiltd. Intimacy vs. isolatione. Identity vs. role confusionf. Competence vs. inferiorityg. Trust vs. mistrusth. Autonomy vs. shame and doubtMultiple Choice (5 points):1. _____ In many Western societies, it is common for adolescents to graduate from high school, go to college, and still live at home with their parents. They have not yet assumed full adult responsibilities and independence. Psychologists have identified this period of time asa. adulthood.b. early adulthood.c. emerging adulthood.d. late adolescence.e. role confusion.2. _____ Which is true of social relations during the teen years?a. As teens distance themselves from parents, peer relationships become more important.b. High school girls who have the poorest relationships with their mothers have the most intense friendships with peers.c. Parental influence peaks during mid to late adolescence.d. Most adolescents have serious disagreements with parents, leading to great social stress.e. Teens are generally more concerned with family relationships than peer relationships.3. _____ According to Erikson, the primary developmental task for adolescents is to develop a sense ofa. trust.b. initiative.c. competence.d. identity.e. intimacy.4. _____ Compared with the late nineteenth century, what is true about the transition from childhood to adulthood in Western cultures today?a. It starts earlier and is completed earlier.b. It starts later and is completed later.c. It starts later and is completed earlier.d. It starts earlier and is completed later.e. It has not changed.5. _____ Megan, a third grader, is having trouble with math. She is starting to do poorly in other subjects, because she feels she cannot master math. Based on Erikson’s stages of spcyhoscial development, which stage is Megan in?a. Autonomy versus shame and doubtb. Initiative versus guiltc. Competence versus inferiorityd. Identify versus role confusione. Intimacy versus isolationPractice FRQ (4 points):Describe Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development for each of the following:Marek, age 1Jessa, age 24Pauline, age 50Elsie, age 85Erikson Practice Review (15 points)Directions: For each of the following statements, determine which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial stages is described.According to Erikson, the key question, “Can I do things by myself or must I always rely on others?” emerges during the stage of:Amanda is 8-years old and is learning to function effectively in school. She receives good grades and generally feels she can be successful at the academic tasks in which she is involved. According to Erikson, Amanda is likely in the stage of:According to Erikson, the psychosocial stage during which parents need to support their children’s emerging independence while maintaining proper controls is the stage of:The rapid physical changes that occur during adolescence, along with the changes in cognitive processes that promote personal introspection may trigger the psychosocial crisis of:According to Erikson, the psychosocial stage associated with middle adulthood is the stage of:Jeff is 93-years old. Lately, he has been dwelling on mistakes that he made in the past and on his imminent death. According to Erikson, Jeff is likely experiencing a sense of:A child who completes this stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development and believes that the world is reliable and secure has successfully navigated the stage of:In this stage of psychosocial development, an individual learns the tasks they are good at and how to interact and get along with others.Leslie is dating Brad. They have discussed the future of their relationship but Leslie is not sure whether or not to make a commitment to Brad. What stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is Leslie experiencing?Teenager Erica wants to explore the mysteries of eastern religions, but her parents insist that she follow their religious beliefs. If Erica is not permitted to form her own religious values, she will have trouble resolving which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development?Fill-in-the blank During the second year of life, toddlers begin to take some personal responsibility for feeding, dressing, and bathing themselves in an attempt to establish what Erikson calls a sense of____________________.According to Erikson, a sense of ____________________develops in an infant whose basic biological and emotional needs are adequately met.Rhonda is 32 years old- has a good job as a pediatric nurse and feels like he is contributing something positive to the world. According to Erikson, Rhonda is likely experiencing ____________________.Ellen enjoys spending time with her grandchildren and great grandchildren, she is happy about the choices she has made in her life and looks back fondly on her many amazing experiences. According to Erikson, Rhonda is likely experiencing ____________________.26-year-old Albin is not married but has a great but has a great network of friends and coworkers, he shares his thoughts and feelings and feels supported by these individuals. According to Erikson, Albin is experiencing ____________________.Module 54 – Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Development (13 points)Ask Yourself (1 point):In what ways are you looking forward to adulthood? What concerns do you have out your own transition into adulthood, and how do you think you might address them?Test Yourself (3 points):Freud defined the healthy adult as one who is able to ____________________ and to ____________________.What are some of the most significant challenges and rewards of growing old?Research has shown that living together before marriage predicts an increased likelihood of future divorce. What are some possible explanations for this correlation?Multiple Choice (6 points):1. _____ Which of the following changes does not occur with age?a. Visual sharpness diminishes.b. Distance perception is leas acute.c. Adaptation to light-level changes is less rapid.\d. The lens of the eye becomes more transparent.e. Senses of smell and hearing diminish.2. _____ As telomeres shorten, aging cells may die without being replaced with perfect genetic replicas. This process is slowed bya. smoking.b. obesity.c. stress.d. aging.e. exercise.3. _____ Olivia and Jackson plan to get married next year. This significant life event will allow them to achieve Erikson’s stage ofa. competence.b. generativity.c. intimacy.d. identity.e. integrity.4. _____ Brain scans of older adults show that the __________, a neural processing center for emotions, responds to negative events (but not to positive events), and it interacts less with the hippocampus, a brain memory-processing center.a. amygdaleb. hypothalamusc. pineal glandd. thyroid glande. thalamus5. _____ Which of the following is true of menopause?a. Both men and women experience menopause around the age of 50.b. Men experience menopause around 50 years of age, but women experience menopause around 65 years of age.c. Women experience menopause around 50 years of age, but men experience menopause around 65 years of age.d. Women experience menopause around the age of 50, but men don’t experience menopause.e. Men experience menopause around the age of 65, but women don’t experience menopause.6. _____ Which of the following would be considered an example of Erikson’s concept of integrity?a. A 25-year-old meets and marries the love of his life.b. A 35-year-old earns a lot of money, though she doesn’t particularly enjoy her job.c. An 85-year-old looks back at a life well-lived and feels satisfied.d. A 40-year-old takes pride in her work and how she is raising her children.e. A 20-year-old decides to become a physician.Practice FRQ (3 points):Numerous biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors affect the way we age. Explain one example for each of the three that contributes to successful aging.Developmental Psychology Unit Review Practice FRQs (11 points)1. Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg described several cognitive, social, and moral reasoning stages of adolescence. Explain each of the following stages: ( 6 points)Concrete operationalFormal operationalIdentity versus role confusionIntimacy versus isolationConventional levelPostconventional level2. Cruz and Eva have a 7-year-old son. He is in the second grade and is extremely obedient. He has many friends, most of whom are on a baseball team with him.What advice might each of the researchers give to Cruz and Eva about their son’s development? (5 points)Jean Piaget (cognitive development)Harry and Margaret Harlow (attachment)Lawrence Kohlberg (levels of moral thinking)Erik Erikson (psychosocial development)Diana Baumrind (parenting styles) ................
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