WHAP: World History AP (Murphy)
WHAP: World History AP (Murphy)
UNIT IIB Planner: The Classical World Part B:
Ch 6 (Eurasian Social Hierarchies), Ch 7 (Africa and the Americas 500 BCE-1200CE)
Reading Schedule – look at KEY Qs and Big-Picture Qs below – think about them as you read.
Chapter 6: Week of Oct 4-6 with Documents/Visuals as assigned on daily basis
Chapter 7: Week of Oct. 10-13 with Documents/Visuals as assigned on daily basis
Reading Quizzes: Tues & Thurs as before [we’ll change it for Qtr 2]
TENTATIVE EXAM Date: Monday Oct 17 (70 points)
Key Qs – Ch 6
1. How would you characterize the social hierarchy of classical China?
2. What class conflicts disrupted Chinese society?
3. What set of ideas underlies India’s caste-based society?
4. What is the difference between varna and jati as expressions of classical India’s caste system?
5. How did India’s caste system differ from China’s class system?
6. How did the inequalities of slavery differ from those of caste?
7. How did Greco-Roman slavery differ from that of other classical civilizations?
8. In what ways did the expression of Chinese patriarchy change over time, and why did it change?
9. How did the patriarchies of Athens and Sparta differ from each other?
Big Picture Questions – Ch. 6
10. What is the difference between class and caste?
11. Why was slavery so much more prominent in Greco-Roman civilization than in India or China?
12. What philosophical, religious or cultural ideas served to legitimate the class and gender inequalities of classical civilizations?
13. “Social inequality was both accepted and resisted in classical civilizations.” What evidence might support this statement?
14. What changes in the patterns of social life of the classical era can you identitify? What accounts for these changes?
15. “Cultural and social patterns of civilizations seem to endure longer than the political framework of states and empires.” Based on chapter 4, 5 and 6, would you agree with this statement?
Key Qs – Ch. 7
16. How did the history of Meroe and Axum reflect interaction with neighboring civilizations?
17. How does the experience of the Niger Valle challenge conventional notions of “civilization”?
18. In what ways did the arrival of Bantu-speaking peoples stimulate cross-cultural interaction?
19. With what Eurasian civilizations might the Maya be compared?
20. In what ways did Teotihuacan shape the history of Mesoamerica?
21. What kind of influence did Chavin exert in the Andes region?
22. What features of Moche life characterize it as a civilization?
23. In what ways were the histories of the Ancestral Pueblo and the Mound Builders similar to each other, and how did they differ?
Big Picture Qs – Ch 7
24. “The histories of Africa and the Americas during the classical era largely resemble those of Eurasia.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain why or why not?
25. “The particular cultures and societies of African and of the Americas discussed in ths chapter developed largely in isolation from one another.” What evidence would support this statement, and what might challenge it?
26. What generated change in the histories of Africa and the Americas during the classical era?
Chapter 6 KEY TERMS
Confucius / Han dynasty /Emperor Wu Di
[KNOW!] Chinese class structure: officials, landed class, peasants, merchants
examination system
bureaucracy
small-scale peasant farmers (vs. great private estates)
WANG MANG & rebellion (8-23 CE)
SCHOLAR-GENTRY CLASS
“twin sources of privilege”
peasant rebellions
YELLOW TURBAN REVOLUTION
popular form of Daoism //“Great Peace”
state monopolies on salt, iron, alcohol
back-door relationships
-------
caste system
social mobility (upward / downward)
Aryan
CASTE AS VARNA & JATI
[KNOW!] Indian varna: Brahmin / Kshatriya / Vaisya / Sudras // outside caste: Untouchables
Purusha
guilds // jatis
“It is better to do one’s own duty badly than another’s well”
“RITURAL PURITY’ (in India social practice)
pollution / ritual purification
karma / dharma
caste (vs. the state) as “integrative mechanism” for Indian civilization
cellular (honeycomb) structure
[lack of] class consciousness/organized resistance across caste lines
------------
slavery – origins? meaning?
slave systems
emancipation / manumission
GRECO- and ROMAN SLAVERY [emphasis on Roman] [vs. in Colonial Americas 1500-1888 – p. 248] [vs. China, India]
Aristotle / “slaves by nature”
Christian teaching: “submissive to masters” / St. Augustine: “God’s punishment….”
slave society
“home-born” slaves
latifundia
“weapons of the weak”
“Every slave we own is an enemy we harbor”
SPARTACUS (73 BCE)
----------------------
gender systems / definition of male & female roles
patriarchal
property rights
male vs. female domains
relationship of gender to class
yang (m) v. yin (f)
“THE “THREE OBEDIENCES”
Ban Zhao, Lessons for Women
three customs for when baby girl born
roles: wife, daughter-in-law, mother of sons, mother-in-law
dowry // concubines // legitimate heirs
roles in the Tang dynasty (618-907)
EMPRESS WU
female roles in Daoism
------------
Athenian vs. Spartan patriarchies
Athenian restrictions
Aristotle’s theories
“What causes women a bad reputation is not remaining inside”
Athenian & Spartan marriage patterns
APASIA (& Pericles) // hetaera
HELOTS [role in Sparta…& implications for women)
Ch 7 TERMS
Africa as a “geographic concept” (vs. “cultural identity”)
African (vast!) environmental variations
[Kingdom of] MEROE (300 BCE – 100 CE)
Nubian civilization
rainfall-based agriculture (vs. irrigation-dependent)
Meriotic script // local lion god
Coptic (Egyptian) Christianity / Islam
[Kingdom of] AXUM
Horn of Africa / Eritrea / Ethiopia
plow-based farming system (v. hoe & digging stick)
stone obelisks // Columns of Axum
to Romans: “3rd major empire”
-------------------
NIGER VALLEY CIVILIZATION
“cities without states” / “cities without citadels”
Jenne-jeno
economically specialized settlements
griots
occupational castes
lack of resources >>> long-distance commerce
second-millennium CE: new historical patterns: large- scale states empires: Ghana, Mali, Songhay [ch8]
BANTU EXPANSION – what? where? how (advantages)? significance?
Kalahari // San // “clicks”
Batwa (Pygmy) // “forest specialists”
“owners of land” // “civilizers”
crops & animals from Asia
common cultural & social practices (bottom of 291)
variety of political forms (p. 292)
ancestral/nature spirits vs. High/Creator God
idea of evil & misfortune
“once and for all” revelation vs. “continuous revelation”
-------------------
Mesoamerica / extraordinary geographical diversity
Olmec
MAYA CIVILIZATION (250-900 BCE)
Guatemala / Yucatan region of Mexico
glyphs [class]
Tikal
“almost totally engineered landscape”
TEOTIHUACHAN (300 – 650 CE)
Valley of Mexico
Street of the Dead / Pyramid of the Sun
avoidance of personality cult // oligarchy
“city of the gods”
Andean civilization
distinct ecological niches // huge staircase terrace systems
Norte Chico
CHAVIN (750-250 BCE)
Chavin de Huantar
San Pedro cactus / hallucinogenic properties
MOCHE (100 – 800 BCE)
Pyramid of the Sun / shaman-rulers
Lord of Sipan
El Nino episodes
semi-sedentary
CHACO (600-900 CE)
southwest United States today
“start-up” culture / “relatively shallow history”
Anasazi / Ancestral Pueblo
kivas
pueblos // “great houses” / Pueblo Bonito
turquoise
MOUND BUILDDERS/CHAHOKIA (900-1250 CE)
Hopewell culture “Hopewell Interaction Sphere”
Mississippi valley / “long history”
corn-based agriculture
“Great Suns”: “principal men” / “honored peoples”
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