APA Style Citation



APA Style DocumentationReference PageAPA List of References Title your works cited page “References” and organize your references alphabetically by author’s last name. Use the hanging indent format and double spaces throughout the reference page. Single AuthorBegin the entry with the author’s last name followed by a comma and the author’s initials. Next, give the date of the work in parentheses.Conran, G. (2001).Multiple AuthorsList up to six authors by last names followed by initials. Use “&” instead of “and.”Sloan, F. A., Stout, E. M., Whetten-Goldstein, K., & Liang, L. (2000).Organization as Author Give the name of the organization in place of the name of an author.American Psychiatric Association. (2003).Article in a Journal paginated by volume Notice that only the first word of the title of the article is capitalized, but in the title of the Journal, each word is capitalized. Also notice that the Journal title is italicized but the title of the article is not specially punctuated in any way.Morawski, J. (2000). Social psychology a century ago. American Psychologist, 55, 427-431.Article in a Journal Paginated by IssueScruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.Article in a NewspaperHaney, D. Q. (1998, February 20). Finding eats at mystery of appetite. The Oregonian, pp. A1, A17.BookHighmore, B. (2001). Everyday life and cultural theory. New York, NY: Routledge.Book with an Editor and No AuthorList the source under the editor’s nameDuncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Article or Chapter in an Edited BookList the source under the author’s name but include the editor after the article title. Meskell, L. (2001). Archaeologies of identity. In I. Hodder (Ed.), Archeological theory today (pp.187-213). Cambridge, England: Polity Press.Article from an Online Periodical Follow the same guidelines for citing a print article when citing an article from an online periodical. If you have viewed the article only in its electronic form, you should add in brackets after the article title [Electronic version]. If you are referencing an online article that you have reason to believe has been changed or that includes additional data or commentaries, you will need to add the date you retrieved the document and the URL.Whitmeyer, J. M. (2000). Power through appointment [Electronic Version]. Social Science Research, 29(4), 535-555.Article from a Database When citing an article from an electronic database, include all of the information usually given when citing a print article, but also add the date that you accessed the article and the name of the database. Holiday, R. E., & Hayes, B. K. (2001). Dissociating automatic and intentional processed in children’s eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75(1), 1-5. Retrieved February 21, 2001, from Expanded Academic ASAP database.In-Text CitationsQuotation (author’s last name in signal phrase)If introducing the quotation with the author’s last name, include in parentheses the date of the work following the author’s name. Place the page number (preceded by p.) in parentheses after the quotation.Hart (1996) wrote that some primatologists “wondered if apes had learned Language, with a capital L” (p.109).Quotation (author’s last name not in signal phrase) If the author’s name is not mentioned in the sentence, place the last name, date, and page number in parentheses after the quotation. Some primatologists “wondered if apes had learned Language, with a capital L” (Hart, 1996, p.109).Summary or ParaphraseIf citing information that is summarized/paraphrased, the page number is not required. It is encouraged to do so, especially when it would help an interested reader locate the relevant passage in a long or complex text.Researchers took Terrace’s conclusions seriously, and funding for language experiments soon declined (Hart, 1996). According to Hart (1996), researchers took Terrace’s conclusions seriously.Two Authors Name both authors each time the work is cited. In a signal phrase, use “and” to connect the author’s names; if citing the author’s names within parentheses at the end of the citation, use “&” to connect the names.Greenfield and Savage-Rumbaugh (1990) have acknowledged that Kanzi’s linguistic development was slower than that of a human child.Kanzi’s linguistic development was slower than that of a human child (Greenfield & Savage-Rumbaugh, 1990).Three to Six AuthorsName all of the authors the first time that you cite the source; any other time the source is cited, name only the first author followed by “et al.” If you are citing a work with more than six authors, always cite only the first author followed by “et al.”The chimpanzee Nim was raised by researchers who trained him in American Sign Language by molding and guiding his hands (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979).Later citation of source:Nim was able to string together as many as 16 signs, but their order appeared quite random (Terrace et al., 1979).Unknown Author If the author of the work is unspecified, use the name of the work in a signal phrase or give the first word or two of the work in a parenthetical citation. Remember to italicize the titles of books and put quotation marks around the titles of articles or chapters.A team of researchers in Africa has concluded that many chimpanzee behaviors are cultural, not just responses to environmental factors (“Chimps,” 1999).Information taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th Ed.). (2001). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Examples taken from the Pocket Style Manual.Hacker, D. (2004). A pocket style manual (4th Ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ................
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