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Citing in APA formatCitations in a Reference ListReferences to classical works such as the Bible and the Qur’an, whose sections are standardized across editions, and references to personal communications are not listed in the works cited list even though they are referenced in the body of the work.Periodicals generally: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi: xx.xxxxxxxxx.Journal article with DOI: Herbst-Damm, K.L., & Kulik, J.A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. Doi: 10.101037/0278-6133.24.2.225.Journal article with DOI, more than seven authors: Gilbert, D. G., McClernon, J.F., Rabinovich, N.E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard, G., …Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001676305.Journal article without DOI (when DOI is not available): Sillick, T.J., & Schutte, N.S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Jounral of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrived from , M.A., & Light, I.H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82.Magazine article: Chamberlain, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.Online magazine article: Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from article, no author: Six sites meet for comprehensive anti-gang initiative conference. (2006, November/December). OJJDP News @ a Glance. Retrieved from article: Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects :Online newspaper article: Brody, J.E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. Retrieved from issue or section in a journal: Haney, C., & Wiener, R.L. (Eds.). (2004). Capital punishment in the United States [Special Issue]. Psychology, Public policy, and Law, 10(4).Greenfield, P., &Yan, Z. (Eds.). (2006). Children, adolescents, and the Internet [Special Section]. Developmental Psychology, 42, 391-394. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.391.Editorial without signature: Editorial: “What is a disaster” and why does this question matter? [Editorial]. (2006). Journal of contingencies and Crisis Management, 14, 1-2.Online-only supplemental material in a periodical: Marshall-Pescini, S., & Whiten, A. (2008). Social learning of nut-cracking behavior in East African sanctuary-living chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) [Supplemental material]. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 122, 186-194. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.122.2.186. supp.Books, Reference Books, and Book ChaptersFor an entire book, use the following reference formats:Author, A. A. (1967). Title of work. Location: Publisher.Author, A. A. (1967). Title of work. Retrieved from , A. A. (1967). Title of work. doi: xxxxxxEditor, A. A. (Ed.). (1986). Title of work. Location: Publisher.For a chapter in a book or in a reference book, use the following formats: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from , A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). doi:xxxxxxxxxx.For entry in a reference work with no byline: Title of entry. (1998). In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of reference work. (xx ed., Vol. xx(. Retrieved from several volumes in a multivolume work: Koch, S. (Ed.). (1959-1963). Psychology: A study of science (Vols. 1-6). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Electronic version of book chapter in a volume in a series: Strong, E.K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140-146). doi: 10.1037/10762-000.Book chapter, print version: Haybron, D.M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43).Reference book: VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Entry in an online reference work: Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. IN E.N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). Retrieved from /behaviorism/.Entry in an online reference work, no author or editor: Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from and Research Reports:General: Author, A. A. (1998). Title of work. (Report No. xxx). Location: Pubisher.Corporate author, government report: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved from Media:For a motion picture: Producer, A. A. (Producer), & Director, B. B. (Director). (Year). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of Origin: Studio. For a music recording: Writer, A. (Copyright year). Title of song [Recorded by B. B. Artist if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.] Location: Label. (Date of recording if different from song copyright date). Video: American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from text citations:One work by One AuthorPlace last name only, comma year only enclosed in parentheses at the end of the relevant sentence of body of information.For example: Early onset results in a more persistent and severe course (Kessler, 2003).If author and year are included in the sentence than nothing additional needs to be done.For example: In 2003, Kessler’s study of epidemiological samples showed that…If author’s name is included in the sentence, place year only enclosed in parentheses after the author’s name.For example: Kessler (2003) found that among epidemiological samples…One work by Multiple AuthorsWhen a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in text.For example: Thickness of the Earth has been determined to be 6371 km whereas, based mainly on analysis of seismic waves and examination of meteorites which are considered… (Sen and Patel, 2015)When a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within the paragraphFor example: Kisangau, Lyaruu, Hosea, and Joseph (2007) found [Use as first citation in text.]Kisangau et al. found [Omit year from subsequent citations after first nonparenthetical citation within a paragraph. Include the year in subsequent citations if first citation within a paragraph is parentheticalWhen a work has six or more authors cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations.For example: Kosslyn, Koenig, Barrett, Cave, Tang, and Gabrieli (1996) would be Kosslyn et al. (1996)Groups as authors (such as corporations, associations and government agencies) are usually spelled out. If they would be recognizable after abbreviated, spell them out the first time that they are mentioned in each section (if there are sections) and then abbreviate subsequently. Works with no identified author or with an anonymous author should cite the first few words of the reference list entry, which is usually the title, and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a web page and italicize the title of a periodical, a book, a brochure or a report.For example: on free care (“Positive Benefits of Free Care”, 2007).The book College Bound Seniors (2008). Use secondary sources sparingly for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in English. Give the secondary source in the reference list; in text, name the original work and give a citation for the secondary source. For example: If Allport’s work is cited in Nicholson and you did not read Allport’s work, list the Nicholson reference in the reference list. In the text, use the following citation: Allport’s diary (as cited in Nicholson, 2003)Personal communications may be private letters, memos, some electronic communications, personal interviews or telephone conversations. Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible.For example: T.K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)(V.-G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998) Citing specific parts of a source, such as a picture, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table, or equation at the appropriate point in text. Always give page numbers for quotations. Note that page, but not chapter, is abbreviated in such text citations:For example: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005, p.10)(Shimamura, 1989, Chapter 3)There are many more examples that can be found in: VandeBos, G.R. (Ed.). (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.However, I chose not to include any more here because I did not want it to be any more overwhelming than it already is! Please feel free to reference this book. ................
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