APA 6th Edition Checklist: In-text and Parenthetical Citations
APA 6th Edition Checklist: In-text and Parenthetical CitationsAll paraphrased ideas, reported data, and direct quotation require a citation Parenthetical citations end a sentence (Maxwell, 2013). Punctuation follows the closing parenthesis of the citationIn-text citations are incorporated; e.g. Patel (2013) argues…“Direct quotations include a page or paragraph reference” (Roderick, 2011, p. 114 or Roderick, 2011, para. 3)Sources with two authors: use ampersand for parenthetical references (Chan & Reed, 2009); use the word “and” for in-text references: e.g. Chan and Reed (2009)Sources with multiple authors: the first reference to a multi-author source must include all author names: (Lee, Brown, & Green, 2012); subsequent references use the abbreviation “et al.” after the first author’s name (Lee et al., 2012)Acronyms can only be used once they are introduced by their full names; for example, Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) or (World Bank [WB], 2012)If there is no author, use a shortened title of the source and its date of publication: (“ER wait times,” 2012)If there is no date of publication, note “n.d.” (Allen, n.d.)Check all citations to ensure they are correct, including citations created by a citation generatorAll citations must have a corresponding entry in the References listAPA Citation ExamplesCitation typeExampleSingle authorA citation follows a paraphrased idea (Carr, 2013). Agencies can be authors too (Trent University, 2010).Two authors (Abbott & Lee, 2015). Abbott and Lee (2015) argue . . .Multiple authors (3+)First reference (Martin, Nolan, & Oliphant, 2014). Subsequent references (Martin, et al., 2014) or Martin, et al. (2014) explain . . . Authors incorporated in sentenceKhan and Smith (2012) argue writers can effectively incorporate author names into their sentences. Direct quotation In fact, the occasional quotation is useful, but “the citation must include a page number” (Khan & Smith, 2012, p. 45). Citing a source within another sourceAs Nguyen (2015) explains . . . (as cited in McGill, 2017). Here, the author read McGill (2017) who cited a study or an idea by Nguyen (2015). The reference list would only cite McGill’s work.Learn More:Academic Skills Online Documentation Guide: trentu.ca/academicskills/documentationSee more guidelines in The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (2010). ................
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