APHG UNIT 7: Urbanization



Unit OverviewThe course divides urban geography into two subfields. The first is the study of systems of cities, focusing on where cities are located and why they are there. This involves an examination of such topics as the current and historical distribution of cities; the political, economic, and cultural functions of cities; reasons for differential growth among cities; and types of transportation and communication linkages among cities. Theories of settlement geography, such as Christaller’s central place theory and the rank-size rule are introduced. Quantitative information on such topics as population growth, migration, zones of influence, and employment is used to analyze changes in the urban hierarchy. The second subfield focuses on the form, internal structure, and landscapes of cities and emphasizes what cities are like as places in which to live and work. Students are introduced to such topics as the analysis of patterns of urban land use, ethnic segregation, types of inter-city transportation, architectural traditions (e.g., neoclassical, modern, postmodern), cycles of uneven development, and environmental justice (e.g., the disproportionate location of polluting industries in low-income or minority residential areas). Students’ understanding of cities as places is enhanced by both quantitative data from the census and qualitative information from narrative accounts. Students also study models of internal city structure and development in the United States and Canada (e.g., the Burgess concentric zone model, the Hoyt sector model, the Harris–Ullman multiple nuclei model, and the galactic city model) and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these theories. Topics such as economic systems, housing finance, culture, architectural history, and innovations in transportation can be useful in the analysis of spatial patterns of urban landscapes. Although much of the literature in urban geography focuses on the cities of North America, comparative urbanization is an increasingly important topic. The study of European, North African and Middle Eastern, East and South Asian, Latin American, and sub-Saharan African cities serves to illustrate how differing economic systems and cultural values can lead to variations in the spatial structures and urban landscapes. Students also examine current trends in urban development that are affecting urban places, such as the emergence of edge cities, new urbanism, smart growth, and the gentrification of neighborhoods. In addition, students evaluate sustainable urban planning design initiatives and community actions, such as the bikeways and walkable mixed-use commercial and residential developments that reduce energy use and protect the environments of future cities.Key Concepts/StandardsDevelopment and character of cities (origins, urban transportation development, world cities, megacities, suburbanization processes)Models of urban hierarchies (Central Place Theory, Rank-size Rule, Primate Cities)Models of internal city structure ( Burgess Concentric Zone Model, Hoyt Sector Model, Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model, Models of cities in Latin America, Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Europe)Urban planning and design, New UrbanismEdge CitiesContemporary Urban Issues (housing, discrimination, uneven development, disamenity, gentrificiation, brownfields, homelessness)Essential QuestionsWhat determines the range for a particular service?Does range impact development?What makes a good city?What defines an urban settlement?What is the difference between ghettoization and gentrification? How are the outcomes of the two similar?Which regions of the world are the most urbanized? Least urbanized?Summative AssessmentsGroup FRQ-Urban Design (Test Grade)Unit 7 VocabularyUnit 7 Test (MCQs Only)Unit 7 Vocabulary Alpha World CityAnnexationBasic industryBazaarBeta World CityBid-rent TheoryBlockbustingBoomburbBusiness servicesCanadian CityCentral Business DistrictCentral Place (Theory)Commuter zoneConcentric Zone Model (Burgess)CongestionConsumer ServicesCounter-urbanizationDendritic patternDensity gradientEcological Sensitive SpaceEdge citiesFavelasFilteringFiscal squeezeGalactic CityGamma World CityGateway cityGentrificationGreenbeltsGrowth BoundaryGrid-street systemHamletHigh-tech corridorsHinterlandIn-fill developmentInformal settlements (squatter, barriadas, bindonvilles, bastes, gecekondu, kampongs, barong-barang)Invasion and successionLeapfrog DevelopmentMarket areaMass TransitMegacityMegalopolisMetropolisMetropolitan GovernmentMetropolitan statistical areaMicropolitan statistical areaMixed Use DevelopmentMultiple Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman)New UrbanismNon-basic industryOver-urbanizationPeriodic marketsPeripheral ModelPrimate cityPublic HousingPublic ServicesPublic transitRacial steeringRangeRank-size RuleRedliningSector Model (Hoyt)SegregationServiceSmart growth (Oregon, Tennessee)StakeholderSuburbSuburbanizationSustainable DevelopmentThresholdTownUnderclassUrbanizationUrbanized areaUrban clusterUrban realmUrban sprawlVance’s 21st Century ModelVillageWhite flightWorld CityZone in transitionZoning ordinanceWeekly Agenda (Unit 7 and for the rest of the course)Monday, April 30Tuesday, May 1Wednesday, May 2Thursday, May 3Friday, May 4Activities:1) Lecture: Central Place Theory 2) Rank Size Rule for STATE3) Issue Unit 7 FRQ (STATE Phase IX)Activities: The Good, The Bad and the In-between CitiesDiscuss Rough DraftsSTATE Phase IX (FRQ): Elements for City Models and Things to ConsiderSTATE Phase VIII (FRQ) Urban Design Rough DraftHomework:1) Unit 7 Vocabulary2) Complete Rank Size Rule3) Work on Rough Draft FRQ/Urban Design Help-BLOG4) STATE Portfolio5) APHG Exam Review Materials-BlogHomework: 1) Unit 7 Vocabulary2) Urban Design rough draft, assistance-Blog3) STATE Portfolio4) APHG Exam Review Materials-BlogDifferentiation:Support-reviewExtension-reviewDifferentiation:Support-reviewExtension-reviewAssessment:Formative reviewAssessment:Formative ReviewWeekly AgendaMonday, May 7Tuesday, May 8Wednesday, May 9Thursday, May 10Friday, May 11Activities:1) FRQ: Group Megacity/Urban Design-attendance required (BEGIN FINAL DRAFT)Activities: 1) FRQ: Group Megacity/Urban Design due2)Analysis of Urban Models in the Real-World: Latin American City Model, Asian City Model, African City Model, European City Model Activities:1) What is the Bid-Rent Theory and why is rent so high in the city?2) Alpha, Beta and Gamma Cities3) STATE Round 8 Fates (Final Fate)/ Winner Determined4) Group Discussion: Ghettoization vs. GentrificationActivities: 1) Unit 7 Vocabulary Quiz2) Group Discussion: What urban model does your city represent? 3) Begin Presentations of Urban Models4) Boomburb/Suburb Analysis Activities:1) Unit 7 Test (MCQs ONLY)2) Present Urban Models 3) STATE Portfolio Work-Lab4) AP Exam DebriefingHomework: 1) Unit 7 Vocabulary2) STATE Portfolio3) APHG Exam Review Materials-BlogHomework: 1) Unit 7 Vocabulary2) STATE Portfolio3) APHG Exam Review Materials-Blog Homework:1) Case Study: Inner-city Crime and Guns2) STATE Portfolio3) APHG Exam Review Materials-BlogHomework: 1) Urban Model Presentation Prep2) STATE Portfolio3) APHG Exam Review Materials-Blog Homework: 1) STATE Portfolio2) AP Exam PrepDifferentiation: ContentProcessProductDifferentiation:ContentProcessProductDifferentiation:ContentDifferentiation:ContentDifferentiation: Assessment: Summative-FRQAssessment: Summative-FRQAssessment:Assessment:Summative-Unit 7 Vocabulary QuizAssessment: Weekly AgendaMonday, May 14Tuesday, May 15Wednesday, May 16Thursday, May 17Friday, May 18Activities: 1) APHG Exam Review2) Present Urban Models/work on STATE PortfolioActivities: 1) APHG Exam Review2) Final Exam Review Packet issued3) Present Urban Models/work on STATE PortfolioActivities: 1) APHG Exam Review2) Present Urban Models/work on STATE PortfolioActivities: 1) APHG Exam ReviewSTATE BATTLE ROYALE2) Present Urban Models/Work on STATE PortfolioActivities: AP Human Geography College Board Exam8 AM-12 PM(arrive no later than 745 AM in Pres. Gym)Homework: 1) AP Exam Prep2) STATE PortfolioHomework:1) STATE Portfolio2) AP Exam PrepHomework: 1) AP Exam Prep2) STATE PortfolioHomework:1) STATE Portfolio2) AP Exam PrepHomework: 1) Final Exam Prep 2) STATE PortfolioDifferentiation: Differentiation:Differentiation: Differentiation:Differentiation:Assessment: Assessment:Assessment: Assessment: Assessment:Weekly AgendaMonday, May 21Tuesday, May 22Wednesday, May 23Thursday, May 26Friday, May 27Activities:1) Final Exam Prep2) STATE Portfolio DuePizza or Breakfast for STATE BR Winners!!!Activities: 1) Final Exam (1,2)2) AP Exam DebriefingActivities: 1) Final Exam (3,4)2) AP Exam DebriefingActivities: 1) ReviewHomework: 1) Work on STATE Portfolio2) Final Exam PrepHomework:Final Exam Prep (?) OR ENJOY YOUR SUMMER!!!Homework: ENJOY YOUR SUMMER!!!Homework: Differentiation: Differentiation:Differentiation:Differentiation:Assessment: Formative-review in STATE PortfolioAssessment:Assessment: Assessment:Summative-Final Exam ................
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