2010 Gwinnett County Certamen Championship



2010 Gwinnett County Certamen Championship

Novice Level

Round 1

1. This god also carried the name Liber, which stemmed from his original Italian counterpart. Coming into the pantheon rather late and from the exotic east, The Roman poet Ovid tells of many who rejected his divinity, such as Pentheus, who paid for the offence with his life. Who was this god, born of Jupiter’s thigh, the master of revelry and wine? Bacchus (accept Dionysus before the word Jupiter)

B1. Who were the crazed followers of Dionysus? Maenads

B2. What main activity marks the Athenian festival Dionysia, of which Dionysus was a patron god? Plays (Drama)

2. Translate into Latin the following: “The slaves are angry today.” Hodie, servi sunt irati

B1. Now say in Latin: “Yesterday the mothers were angry” Heri matres erant iratae.

B2. Now say in Latin: “All have been angry.” Omnes fuerunt irati.

3. The oldest permanent one in the empire was perhaps at Pompeii, located at the northeast corner of the city. It featured a large external staircase and often held people from rival Nuceria. In Rome itself however, all of these structured remained temporary and of wood until the emperor Vespasian decided to fill the backyard of the Golden House. What were these structures, designed to hold the munera, or gladiatorial fights? Amphitheaters

B1. Gladiators took their name from what weapon, known in Latin as the gladius? sword

B2. What type of gladiatorial show would be the venatio? Animal Hunt

4. Usually repeated in moment of triumph, what three word phrase, issued by Caesar after the battle of Zela, translates “I came, I saw, I conquered?” Veni, Vidi, Vidi

B1. What phrase can be seen at the entry way to the House of the tragic poet in Pompeii that warns visitors of a lurking dog? Cave Canem

B2. If counting people literally by the head, what statistic do we issue? Per capita

5. They both held imperium both domestically and militarily, something they took from the previous days of kings. Who were these annually elected chief officials of the Res Publica, the head of the Roman State? Consuls

B1. Which Roman social class dominated the office of consul in the early republic, leading to a strike by the Plebs? Patricians

B2. Name either of Rome’s first two consuls. Brutus and Collatinus

SCORE CHECK

6. His wife died trying to keep up with him. His son’s hair caught on fire. In a rage, he almost killed Helen when he came upon her in a burning Troy, and best friend was named Achates. Who was this greatest of all Roman heroes who escaped Troy to bring his gods into Italy and establish a Roman race, the main subject of the Vergil’s epic masterpiece. Aeneas

B1. To what northern Africa city, later the Roman adversary in the Punic wars, was Aeneas driven as Juno tried to keep him away from Italy? Carthage

B2. Whom did Aeneas desert in Carthage, thus leading to her suicide? Dido

7. Give the Latin form for the word “dog” in the following sentence. “The boy sees the dog in the road.” Canem

B1. Make the direct object canem plural. canes

B2. Now make canes the nominative. canes

8. Listen to the following story carefully as I read it twice. Tum, responde Latine: Olim, in foro, vir ambulabat, nomine Caecilius. Caecilius erat homo obesus, et semper cenare volebat. Subito, Caecilius amicum Marcum et inquit, “Quo ambulas, Marce? Ambulasne ad bonam cenam? Marcus repondet, “Ambulo ad cenam. Veni mecum, et tu et ego boman cenam habebimus.

Quo Marcus ambulabat? Ad cenam (bonam)

B1. Qualis homo erat Caecilius? Obesus

B2. Quid Caecilius sepmer volebat? Cenare

9. Using the adjective magnus, modify the Latin noun matres. MAGNAE or MAGNAS

B1. Using the adjective magnus, modify the Latin noun manum. MAGNAM

B2. Using the adjective magnus, give all the forms which could modify modify the Latin noun res. MAGNA, MAGNAE, and MAGNAS

10. Half-brother to Androgeos, his mother was Pasiphae, but it was from his step-father that he would take his name. His killer would be a young Athenian hero, whom his own sister would assist. What was this monster on the island of Crete, half bull, half man, who resided in the Labyrinth? Minotaur

B1. What hero killed the Minotaur? Theseus

B2. What half sister to the Minotaur assisted in its death? Ariadne

SCORE CHECK

11. Servius Tullius, Tullus Hostilius, Numa Pompilius, Tarquinius Priscus, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Superbus and Romulus himself. Seven in all, who are these men, who served Rome from 753BC to 509 BC? Kings of Rome

B1. What group of advisors to the king later dominated the Res Publica and met in the Curia? Senate

B2. From what influential region, north of Rome did the last three kings come? Etruria

12. From this Latin word, the god of entrances takes his name. The slave who guards this now lends his name to someone who takes care of whole buildings and cleans. What is this Latin word which means door? Ianua

B1. What is the Latin word for window? Fenestra

B3. Words for this item include sella, curulus, and cathedra. What is this item in which I genuflect to create a sinus? Chair

13. Peoples from this area invaded Rome in 390 BC, and remained a threat into the days of Marius. Divided into two main parts, Cisalpine and Transcisalpine, what was this region conquered by Caesar in the 50s BC., now modern day France? Gallia/Gaul

B1. What did the Romans call Spain? Hispania

B2. What modern day country now lies on Asia Minor? Turkey

14. Audite attente et perfice actionem. Surge et ambula circum tuos amicos. Student rises and walks around his teammates

B1. Sugite omnes et dicite mihi tua nomina. Students all tell their names.

B2. Sedete, dicite nihil et nihil facite. Students do nothing (If they talk beyond telling each other the command, no points)

SCORE CHECK

15. He was the son of Laomedon and originally had the name Podarces. He had several wives though his main squeeze was Hecuba. In all he begat 100 children. Killed by Neoptolemus at the fall of Troy, who was this king, the father to Paris? Priam

B1. Who was Priam’s eldest son, the greatest of all Trojan heroes? Hector

B2. In what work by Homer does Hector die in a duel? Iliad

2010 Gwinnett County Certamen Championship

Novice Level

Round 2

1. Her sisters were Stheno and Euryale, who were immortal, unlike her. She was the offspring to Phorcys and Ceto or according to other myths the Echidna and Typhon. Her other set of three sisters, the Graiae helped in her ultimate demise. Who was this most famous Gorgon, who could turn one into stone by her hideous stare? Medusa

B1. What hero, son to Danae, slew Medusa with the help of the gods? Perseus

B2. To whom did Perseus present the head of Medusa, to be placed on her Aegis? Athena/Minerva

2. Translate the following into English. “Canes per forum in vias currunt.” The dogs run through the Forum into the streets”

B1. Translate: “In viis servi clamores hominum audiunt” The slaves hear the shouts of men in the streets”

B2. Translate: “Domini servis multas res semper dant” The masters always give many things to the slaves.

3. It originally served a military purpose in the second Samnite War as a way to deliver troops to Campania. Terminating in Capua in 312 BC, what was this road leading south of Rome built by App. Claudius Caecus? Via Appia/Appian Way

B1. To what port city on the heel of Italy did the Appian Way eventually terminate? Brundisium

B2. On what sea, east of Italy does Brundisium lie? Adriatic.

4. This two word term is often employed to indicate that something is legit. In the ablative case, it literally translates as in/with good faith. What is this term to indicate something is on the up and up? Bona fide

B1. Seen on many a grandfather clock, what term loosely means that “time flies?” tempus fugit

B2. Fans of CSI will recognize this term as the time “after death” when an autopsy is conducted. Post Mortem

5. He was a patrician listed as consul in 460 BC on the fasti, but his legend comes from actions in 458 BC when he rescued the consul L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus on Mt. Algidus from the Aequi. Who was this man who left his plow to become dictator for a period of only 16 days? L. Quinctius Cincinnatus

B1. What symbol of authority, depicted as an axe surrounded by rods, did Cincinnatus give up upon retuning to his plow? Fasces

B2. What 12 for the consul, 6 for the Praetor, who were them men who carried the fasces in front of the imperium holder? Lictors

SCORE CHECK

6. For an Augustan temple, this god gained the title Ultor, or Avenger, and he was second in Italian importance after Jupiter. Most of his mythology was borrowed from his Greek counterpart except for the comic tale of his marriage to Anna Perenna. Who was this god who carried on a torrid love affair with Venus, only to be captured with her in Vulcan’s net? Mars

B1. What other Italian god was two headed and bearded, the god of doorways? Janus

B2. Often the third of a triad with Jupiter and Mars, what Italian god was the assumed persona of Romulus after his death? Quirinus

7. Give the Latin form for “She was running” currebat

B1. Now make the action completed, “she has run” cucurrit

B2. Now make the action completed in the future, “she will have run” cucurrerit

8. Listen to the passage carefully as I read it twice, then responde Latine. Olim Iuppiter et Mercurius ad Asiam iter faciebant. In Asia incolis apparent ut homines non dei. Totum diem cibum et vinum incolis quaerebant, sed nemo haec eis dedit. Tandem ad parvam villam venerunt, ubi habitabant vir et femina. Vir et femina errant pauperes et veteres. Tamen deos exceperunt et dei eis multa dona dederunt.

Quae dua dei quaerebant? vinum et cibum

B1. Quomodo dei incolis apparent? Ut homines

B2. Quales homines erant vir et femina? Pauper(es) et veteris(es)

9. Distinguish in meaning between the words mox and vox. mox – soon; vox – voice

B1. Distinguish in meaning between the words posui and potui. posui – I placed; potui – I was/have been able

B2. Distinguish in meaning between the words redeo and rideo. redeo – I return; rideo – I laugh/smile

10. He was the son of Iapetus and along with Epimetheus, brother to Prometheus. In the Odyssey, he is identified as the father to Calypso, along with many constellations such as the Pleides and others. Who was this Titan, whom, according to Ovid, Perseus turned into a rock with Medusa’s head, and thus holds up the sky in Northern Africa? Atlas

B1. What maternal grandson to Atlas flies by his grandfather in book four of the Aeneid to deliver the message to Aeneas to leave Carthage? Mercury

B2. What daughters of Atlas possess a garden with golden apples which Hercules had to acquire? Hesperides

SCORE CHECK

11. It was behind the tablinum, and as a later addition to the Roman house came from Greek models. The House of the Faun in Pompeii actually has two of these areas, both rather large and according to the style surrounded by a colonnade and walkway. What were these open aired gardens which dominated the rear of the Roman house? Peristylium

B1. and B2. Give the names and distinguish each the hole in the Atium roof and the collecting pool below. Compluvium – pool; Impluvium – hole on roof

12. By, with, because of, in, on, from are just some of the English prepositions used to render the English meaning of words in this case. What is the Latin case often known as the adverbial because of its descriptive impact on the action? Ablative

B1. What case, seen in forms such as urbis, exercitus and rei, often are translated with “of”? Genitive

B2. What case seen in the forms cani and urbibus are translated with “to” or “for”? Dative

13. Dates for its end have been suggested as being Sep. 2, 31 BC or Jan. 6, 27 BC. Lasting some 450 years, its structure is best explained by the historian Polybius, who divides it into three sections, Senate, Magistrates, and Assemblies. What was this government to the Romans, literally the “Public thing?” Res Publica

B1. In what year was the Res Publica traditionally established? 509 BC

B2. Give the exact date and year for the founding of Rome itself. April 21, 753 BC

14. What English word does not derive from the same Latin root as the others: omnipotent, omniscience, ominous, omnivorous, omnipresent? Ominous

B1. What Latin word with what meaning is the root of ominous? omen – omen

B2. From what two Latin words with what meanings do we derive peninsula? Paene – almost, insula – island

SCORE CHECK

15. She was stolen by Pirithous and Theseus in her youth, but the Dioscuri resured her while in the care of Aethra. Her father Tyndareus, had trouble because of the prophecy concerning her future pulchitude. In Troy, she was almost slain by Aeneas because of her responsibility ion the war. Who was woman first of Sparta and then of Troy whom Paris took with him, setting in motion the Trojan War? Helen

B1. What man did Helen marry to become queen of Sparta? Menelaus

B2. In what form had Zeus impregnated her mother Leda? Swan

2010 Gwinnett County Certamen Championship

Novice Level

Round 3

1. Aphrodite gave her beauty, Athena gave her clothes. The Graces gave a necklace made by Hephaestus. Apollo gave musical talent. Poseidon gave her a pearl. Demeter taught her to tend a garden. However, it was Zeus or Hermes who gave her the most significant gift, that of her dowry, a large jar, and the curiosity to open it. Who was this first woman, fashioned from clay by Hephaestus, to unleash evil upon the word? Pandora

B1. To what Titan had Pandora been given, with whom she would produce Deucalion? Prometheus

B2. What daughter did Pandora produce with Epimetheus, Prometheus’ brother? Pyrrha

2. Please give the Latin for the following: “Many poets have often recited well.” Multi poetae saepe bene recitaverunt.

B1. Please give the Latin for the following: “Quintus praises the poet reciting well.” Quintus poetam bene recitantem laudat.

B2. Please give the Latin for the following: Which poet recites best? Qui poeta optime recitat?

3. Here were located cities such as Emerita Augusta, Italica, Corduba, Gades and Saguntum. Here we also see the Tagus and Ebro rives on the peninsula, which lies west of the Pyrannees. Famous as the start point for Hannibal’s invasion of Italy, what region was later made two provinces, and then three, including Baetica and Lusitania, which we now call Spain? Hispania (prompt on Iberian Peninsula)

B1. What famous mountain range did Hannibal cross last to enter into the Cisalpine Gaul in what we call Northern Italy? Alps

B2. What river drains this region and creates a namesake valley, the longest in Italy? Po

4. As a common phrase seen in May and June, it is actually an example of the ablative of manner with the preposition expressed. Usually considered to be second in accomplishment to “summa,” what is this expression of how one may graduate with great praise? Magna cum laude

B1. What Latin phrase are we using when we indicate the time before noon? Ante meridiem (do not accept A.M.)

B2. What phrase and meaning do we indicate when giving the date A.D.? Anno Domini –in the year of the Lord

5. Reportedly, she was of Sabine origin, and in Ennius, he claimed to have received instruction from Egeria, a water goddess outside of Rome, and in another tradition, he was the student of Pythagoras. Later historians such as Livy discarded these traditions and instead focused on his institution of religion as a stabilizing force. Who was this second king of Rome, who created the framework of priesthoods, cults and rituals for Rome? Numa Pompilius

B1. What third king of Rome was responsible for the destruction of Alba Longa? Tullus Hostillius

B2. What set of Alban triplets did the Romans Horatii fight in the Alban War? Curiatii

SCORE CHECK

6. They live at the edge of the world, next to the river Thermadon in the city Themiscyra in remotie Pontic Asia Minor. In epic, their role is to be defeated by men, for in literature we hear that Bellerephon kills them in Lycia, and most famously, Achilles and Heracles kills the queens Penthesilea and Hippolyte respectively. Who were these women warriors? Amazons

B1. What other group of mythological women had the names Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos? Fates/Moroi

B2. What other group of women includes the likes of Calliope, Clio and Euterpe, as well as six others? Muses

7. In Latin, command someone to “Bring the boy to me!” Fer mihi puerum

B1. Now command: “Tell the boy the story!” Dic puero fabulam

B2. Now command: “Make the bread quickly!” Fac panem celeriter

8. Listen to the passage carefully as I read it twice, then responde Latine. Olim erant duo fratres, nomine Cleobis et Biton. Mater puerorum ad templum Iunonis ibat. In raeda cum filiis manebat bobus. Mater filiis, “Boves pervenient et raedam ad templum trahent. Tum ad tempus perveniemus. Boves autem numquam venerunt. Filii ipsi igitur raedam traxerunt. Cum advenerunt, mater maximas laudes filiis dedit.

Dum mater manebant, qui numquam pervenient? Boves

B1. Cuius ad templum mater cum filiis ibant? Iunonis

B2. Quas mater filiis dedit? Maximas laudes

9. What would be the case and use of the word “boy” in the following sentence if rendered into Latin? The girl gave the boy a new toga. DATIVE INDIRECT OBJECT

B1. What would be the case and use of the word “wine” in the following sentence if rendered into Latin? The man ordered more wine from the merchant. GENITIVE PARTITIVE

B2. What would be the case and use of the word “boy” in the following sentence if rendered into Latin? The slave walked with the boy into the forum. ABLATIVE ACCOMPANIMENT

10. He tried to rape Athena, and the result was Ericthonius. Lemnos was especially holy to him, for as Homer describes, that is where he landed when Zeus threw him down from Olympus. The Cyclopes are his assistants under Mt. Aetna. In some accounts, Hera alone is his parent, a bad deal for her in that he is only deformed god. Who is this god of fire, blacksmiths, and artisans? Hephaestus

B1 & B2. For what two heroes in the Trojan war did Hephaestus make armour, the sons of Thetis and Eos respectively? Achilles and Memnon

SCORE CHECK

11. Her father was known as the fluteplayer, and she was actually the seventh in the Ptolemy dynasty to have her name. Plutarch reports that it was her conversation and not legendary good looks that helped in her success, especially with Caesar and then Antony. Who was this last Ptolemy ruer of Egypt, who supposedly killed herself with an asp? Cleopatra

B1. At what battle was Cleopatra defeated with marc Antony in 31 BC? Actium

B2. Who was the victor at Actium? Octavian (accept Agrippa)

12. Distinguish between the verbs dico, duco and doceo. Speak, lead, teach

B1. Distinguish between tum, dum, and sum. Then, while, I am

B2. Distinguish between timeo, and terreo. I frighten, I fear

13. Famous ones in Rome included those of Nero, Trajan, Caracalla and Diocletian. Inspired by the Greek models, first Balnea or private ones became in vogue, but the invention of the hypocaust allowed for hot and cold rooms and thus birth of the Thermae. What were these communal centers for cleansing, but just as importantly social activity in Rome? Baths

B1. What instrument was used to scrape the oil from the bather? Strigil

B2. What were the exercise grounds that was often included in the bath complex? Palaestra or Gymnasium

14. In the following sentence, give the Latin form of the word “slave.” “Quintus, a slave of Caecilius, always works hard.” Servus

B1. In the following sentence, give the Latin form of slave. “Hey slave, bring the water to me!” Serve

B2. In the following sentence, give the Latin form of slave. “The girl told the slave the entire matter.” Servo

SCORE CHECK

15. He was the son of Anticlea and Laertes, and using his main character trait tricks Ajax out of the armour of Achilles. To not go to the Trojan war, he feigned madness, but was found out by Palamedes. His lowest point was his destitution on the island of Scheria, where he was found by Nausicaa, daughter of Alcinous, king of the Phaeacians. They soon assisted him back to his home Ithaca though, where he reunited after 20 years with his wife Penelope. Who was this Greek hero, the most cunning of the Greek and focus of a Homeric Epic? Odysseus

B1. What was Odysseus’ Latin name? Ulysses/Ulixes

B2. What two sea dangers did Odysseus encounter in the straits between Sicily and Italy, one a multi-headed monster and the other a whirlpool? Scylla and Charybdis

2010 Gwinnett County Certamen Championship

Novice Level

Round 4

1. Masters of this object include Thamyris and Musaeus, the former of whom was punished for a challenge the Muses. The most famous master of this item also received punishment, but from Thracian Maenads, after the unsuccessful rescue of his wife. An Egyptian version was known as a kithara, and even a genre of poetry is named for it. What was this item, made by Hermes from a tortoise shell and later given to Apollo? LYRE

B1. What master of the lyre used it to get past Ceberus in the underworld and to charm Pluto and Proserpina? ORPHEUS

B2. What other musician challenged Apollo and the lyre, as he played his namesake pipes? PAN

2. Translate the following sentence into English: Puer mihi signum dedit.

THE BOY GAVE THE SIGNAL TO ME

B1. Translate the following sentence into English: Matri pueri flores dederant.

THE BOYS HAD GIVEN FLOWERS TO (THEIR) MOTHER

B2. Translate the following sentence into English: Servis signa dominus dant.

THE MASTER GIVES THE SIGNALS TO THE SLAVES.

3. They were sometimes called laticlavius, and they lent their name to a type of tragedy which was drawn from Roman history instead of myth. Worn occasionally by various priests, but always by consuls and praetors, what was this toga, also worn by children, characterized by its purple border. PRAETEXTA

B1. What childhood item would a general in triumph wear again around his neck? BULLA

B2. On what basic undergarment would those of the senatorial class have two vertical stripes at the shoulders? TUNICA

4. Often used when one wishes to indicate another way of saying something, what abbreviation literally means “that is” of “it is?” I.E.

B1. Often found at the end of a list, what abbreviation means and others? ET AL.

B2. What abbreviation also at a list’s end can only indicate neuter things? ETC.

5. The first was started by trouble between the Messinians and the Mamertini. The second began after a violation of a treaty concerning the Ebro river. The third had to do with aggressive members of the Senate who agreed with Cato the Elder that Carthago Delenda Est. What were these wars fought in the 200s and 100s BC between Rome and Carthage? PUNIC

B1. What general was the only victor over Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC? P. Cornelius SCIPIO

B2. What became the first Roman province at the end of the 1st Punic War? SICILY

SCORE CHECK

6. His wife was Salacia, perhaps from her role in leaping springs, but later Salacia merged with Amphitrite, just as he does with his Greek counterpart. His children include several monstrous entities, such as the horse Arion, Chryasor and Pegasus with Medusa, and even the Cyclops Polyphemus. Who was this Roman god of water and the sea? NEPTUNE

B1. Who was Neptune’s son by his wife Amphitrite? TRITON

B2. To what city did Neptune give a spring, only to lose the contest in which another deity gave an olive tree? ATHENS

7. Which of the following verbs indicates action which happened the earliest: est, erat, fuerat, fuerit, erit, fuit? FUERAT

B1. Which of the following verbs indicates action which happened the latest: est, erat, fuerat, fuerit, erit, fuit? ERIT

B2. Which of the following verbs indicates action which is completed: est, erat, fuerat, fuerit, erit, fuit? FUIT, FUERAT, FUERIT

8. Listen closely to the following passage which I will read twice. I will ask a question in Latin, Responde Latine.

Quintus frater Marci est. Epistulas saepe inter se mittunt. Olim, dum Quintus in itinere in Gallia erat, Marcus Quinto per servum fidelem epistulam longam de omnibus rebus Romae misit. Ubi Quintus hanc accepit, laetus erat, nam domum desideravit. Post multos annos, Quintus ad fratrem Marcum rediit. Omnes gaudebant.

Ubi Quintus in itinere erat? IN GALLIA

B1. Per quem Marcus epistulam misit? SERVUM fidelem

B2. Quem Marcus desideravit? DOMUM

9. Distinguish in meaning between the words umquam, numquam, and quamquam. UMQUAM – EVER, NUMQUAM – NEVER, QUAMQUAM - ALTHOUGH

B1. Distinguish in meaning between the words gero and gemo.

GERO – I WEAR, WAGE; GEMO – I GROAN

B2. Distinguish in meaning between the words si and se.

SI – IF, SE – HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, THEMSELVES

10. She caused the death of Otus and Ephialtes after the demanded her as a bride, killed the wife of Amphion for her boast of beauty, killed Tityus for his attempted rape of Leto, and perhaps most famously turned Actaeon into a stag so that his dogs could rip him to pieces. Who was this goddess, who demanded that Iphagenia be sacrified at Aulis, and who punished Callisto for losing her virginity to Zeus, the elder twin sister of Apollo? ARTEMIS

B1. Artemis is often associated with the moon, but what earlier Greek goddess was in charge of the moon, the counterpart to Luna? SELENE

B2. On what island were Artemis and Apollo born to Leto, wife of Amphion? DELOS

SCORE CHECK

11. On this day, it was Decimus Brutus who had urged that a meeting of the Senate not be disappointed, and Spurrina the prophet ominously declared that the day was not over. Cimber took the lead in the theater of Pompey, pretending to ask Caesar a question. Casca then brandished a dagger and the melee began. What was this day that saw the death of Julius Caesar? IDES OF MARCH (MARCH 15, 44 BC)

B1. What year serves as the traditional date for the fall of the Western Roman empire? 476 AD

B2. Name either of the two years that many historians consider to be the start of the empire, marking either the battle of Actium or the conference of the name Augustus? 31 or 27 BC

12. Since in real Latin, punctuation does not help, it can be recognized by the word num, certain pronouns, the word nonne, by a certain enclitic –ne, and countless other words. What is this kind of sentence which might be introduced by words such as Quis, Cur, Ubi, Quando, Quomodo, and countless others? INTEROGATIVE /QUESTION

B1. What mood of the verb lets the reader know that it is stating a fact? INDICATIVE

B2. What verb mood gives a command? IMPERATIVE

13. Sulla restored it in 81 BC, abut it had to be rebuilt again in 52 BC after the “funeral” of Clodius. Caesar had another constructed as a part of his forum in 44 BC, and Domitian restored this version in AD 94. The one in the forum now is that of Diocletian from 283 AD. It was originally constructed by Tullus Hostilius and had no permanent seating; what is this Roman Senate house? CURIA (prompt on Senate House)

B1. What type of building, many of which are in the forum, was originally a market but became known as “court houses”? BASILICA

B2. What structure so named for a king of Helicarnassus, was a large funerary building, of which Augustus and Hadrian had one in the city Rome? MAUSOLEUM

14. Which of the following derivatives has a different root than the others: soliloquy, solitude, sullen, solvent, solipsism. SOLVENT

B1. Which of the following derivatives has a different root than the others: capitulate, capacity, precept, emancipate. CAPITULATE

B2. Which of the following derivatives has a different root than the others: equivocable, equinox, equine, equitable. EQUINE

SCORE CHECK

15. This man refused to listen to Polydamas, and thus lost his life the next day. During his final battle, he thought his brother Deiphobus had come to his aid, but alas, it was only Athena, helping his enemy. In the Aeneid, he comes to warn Aeneas that the city is under attack. The husband to Andromache and father to Astyanax, what Trojan warrior was the only hope for Troy until his death at the hands of Achilles. HECTOR

B1. What did Achilles do to Hector’s body for several days because of his anger over Paroclus’ death? DRUG THE BODY AROUND PATROCLUS’ PYRE

B2. What god helped Priam sneak into the Greek camp to ask Achilles for his son’s body? HERMES

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