Chapter 48 - Human Impacts on the Biosphere

?Multiple Choice1.??A U.S. submarine surfaced ____ miles from the nearest land in the Arctic and found polar bears hunting on the frozen sea.?a.??10?b.??100?c.??200?d.??500?e.??1,000ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.1 A Long ReachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.1 - Examine the role of humans in species extinction.2.??Polar bears are top predators, and tests on their tissues have shown a surprising ____.?a.??resistance to warming?b.??amount of protein?c.??resistance to disease?d.??amount of mercury and organic pesticides?e.??amount of nutrientsANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.1 A Long ReachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.1 - Examine the role of humans in species extinction.3.??How many mass extinctions have occurred over all of geologic history??a.??one?b.??two?c.??three?d.??four?e.??fiveANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.4.??Of all the species that have ever lived on Earth, how many have gone extinct??a.??less than 1%?b.??about 10%?c.??about 25%?d.??about 75%?e.??about 99%ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.5.??Which of the following is least likely to be a cause of extinction??a.??asteroid impact?b.??human activity?c.??adaptive radiation?d.??continental drift?e.??climate changeANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.6.??The current extinction rate is estimated to be at least how much greater than the background extinction rate??a.??2?b.??5?c.??10?d.?50??e.??100ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.7.??Which of the following is most likely the cause of the current extinction crisis??a.??asteroid impact?b.??human activity?c.??adaptive radiation?d.??tectonic activity?e.??rising sea levelsANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.8.??What caused the greatest mass extinction, in terms of species lost, at the end of the Permian??a.??global cooling?b.??sea level decline?c.??asteroid impact?d.??overhunting by humans?e.??increased volcanic activityANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.9.??What was the greatest contributing factor to the dodo bird extinction on the island of Mauritius??a.??sailors overharvested them for food?b.??rats, cats, and pigs introduced by sailors?c.??climate change caused by humans?d.??their predators went extinct?e.??rising sea levels made the island smallerANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.10.??A species that has population levels so low it faces extinction in all or part of its range is designated as ____.?a.??riparian?b.??endemic?c.??endangered?d.??threatened?e.??an indicatorANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.11.??One of the major causes of the endangerment of giant pandas is ____.?a.??habitat loss and fragmentation?b.?increasing the effects of chemical pollution??c.??a sexually transmitted disease that plagues the giant pandas?d.??introduced exotic species into giant panda habitat?e.??the excess withdrawal of water from their habitatANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.12.??Which type of species is most likely to go extinct??a.??underharvested?b.??endemic?c.??widely distributed?d.??generalist?e.??introducedANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.13.??Endemic means a species ____.?a.??evolved in one geographic region and lives nowhere else?b.??is on its way to extinction?c.??can live in only one habitat?d.??is extinct in the wild?e.??is completely extinctANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.14.??The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) reports that of the 48,677 species they have assessed, ____ percent were threatened or endangered.?a.??8?b.??18?c.??27?d.??36?e.??65ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.15.??Habitat fragmentation can reduce biodiversity by ____.?a.??withdrawing an essential resource from native species?b.??sterilizing for pollution control?c.??eliminating vast tracts of forests?d.??introducing more native species into a habitat?e.??decreasing human use of natural resourcesANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.16.??Exotic species that are introduced into a non-native habitat can ____.?a.??interbreed with native species?b.??drive endemic species to extinction?c.??die out due to competition from native species?d.??blend in with endemic species?e.??create habitat islands for themselvesANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.17.?Sometimes, the decline of one species threatens the survival of another species. Which scenario is an example of this??a.??declines in polar bears result in diminished prey populations?b.?the arrival of sailors on Mauritius island led to the extinction of?dodo birds?c.??declines in eagle populations due to the accumulation of pollutants in their eggs?d.??decline in buffalo caused a drop in native buffalo clover?e.?pollution led to declines in the Texas blink salamander populationANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.18.??Tom Curtis wrote a letter in 2006 to try and encourage research into ____.?a.??rare plants?b.??microorganisms?c.??agricultural crops?d.??prairie grasses?e.??invasive speciesANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.19.??Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria play an essential role in the nitrogen cycle by ____.?a.??converting ammonia into nitrogen oxides?b.??converting ammonia into nitrites?c.??converting ammonia into ammonium?d.??converting nitrites into ammonia?e.??converting nitrites into nitrogen oxidesANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.20.??In a positive feedback cycle, drought encourages ____, which results in more drought.?a.??overgrazing?b.??biological magnification?c.??bioaccumulation?d.??desertification?e.??deforestationANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.21.??Which of the following areas is still seeing an increase in deforestation??a.??United States?b.??Europe?c.??China?d.??Brazil?e.??CanadaANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.22.??One way in which deforestation contributes to global climate change is that the conversion of forest to cropland or pasture ____.?a.??decreases the amount of methane released by microbes?b.??increases the amount of nitrogen oxides in the air?c.??decreases the amount of sulfur dioxides in the air?d.??increases the rate at which carbon is taken up by plants?e.??decreases the rate at which carbon is taken up by plantsANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.23.??The release of most nitrogen oxides comes from ____.?a.??ammonia-oxidizing bacteria?b.??the use of DDT?c.??coal-burning power plants?d.??drilling for gasoline and oil?e.??combustion of gasoline and oilANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.24.??Due to ____, trophic level affects the pollutant concentration in an organism’s tissues.?a.??bioaccumulation?b.??biological magnification?c.??ecosystem degradation?d.??the ozone layer?e.??ground-level ozoneANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.25.??In the United States, solid municipal waste can no longer be dumped ____.?a.??in garbage dumps?b.??in biodegradable bags?c.??in garbage bags?d.??in landfills?e.??in the seaANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.26.??Which of the following is least likely an impact of acid rain??a.??It stops fish egg development.?b.??It can burn foliage.?c.??It releases toxins in the soil.?d.??It causes eutrophication.?e.??It can kill adult aquatic organisms.ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.27.??Which statement about chlorofluorocarbons is FALSE??a.??They can destroy ozone.?b.??They are odorless.?c.??They are a greenhouse gas.?d.??They break down very slowly.?e.??Their action is allowing more UV radiation through the atmosphere.ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.6 Ozone Depletion and PollutionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.6 - Determine some of the major contributors to ozone layer depletion.28.??The hole in the ozone layer is most dramatic over ____.?a.??Antarctica?b.??North America?c.??Asia?d.??Europe?e.??AfricaANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.6 Ozone Depletion and PollutionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.6 - Determine some of the major contributors to ozone layer depletion.29.??The increased acidity of seawater can harm marine life by making ____ available to organisms that require it.?a.??less nitrogen?b.??more sulfur dioxide?c.??less carbon dioxide?d.??more methane?e.??less calcium carbonateANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.7 Effects of Global Climate ChangeLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.7 - Examine how climate change is threatening life on Earth.30.??The level of the oceans is rising due to ____.?a.??ozone depletion?b.??global warming?c.??lost species biodiversity?d.??increased precipitation?e.??acid rainANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.7 Effects of Global Climate ChangeLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.7 - Examine how climate change is threatening life on Earth.31.??The term for describing a region’s biological wealth is called ____.?a.??endemic species?b.??hot spots?c.??biodiversity?d.??endangered species?e.??threatened speciesANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.32.??Habitats with the most species in greatest danger of extinction are called ____.?a.??ecoregions?b.??island habitats?c.??riparian zones?d.??hot spots?e.??conservation islandsANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.33.??Once they are identified, ____ take priority in worldwide conservation efforts.?a.??healthy ecosystems?b.??riparian zones?c.??hot spots?d.??grasslands?e.??forestsANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.34.??A broad land or aquatic region characterized by climate, geography, and the species found within them is called ____.?a.??an ecoregion?b.??a hot spot?c.??a realm?d.??a habitat island?e.??the biosphereANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.35.??Currently, what is the biggest threat to the Klamath-Siskiyou forest, which is an endangered ecoregion in North America??a.??nesting birds?b.??greenhouse gases?c.??rising sea levels?d.??fires?e.??loggingANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.36.??The most widely used ecoregion system was developed by conservation scientists of the ____.?a.??US Department of Agriculture?b.??Environmental Protection Agency?c.??International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources?d.??World Wildlife Fund?e.??Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.37.??The Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica is an example of a ____.?a.??national park?b.??nearly extinct ecosystem?c.??restored ecosystem?d.??government nature reserve?e.??private nature reserveANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.38.??____ strips an area of vegetation and soil, creating an ecological dead zone.?a.??Biological magnification?b.??Renewable energy?c.??Ecological restoration?d.??Ground mining?e.??Surface miningANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.9 Reducing Negative ImpactsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.9 - Examine the measures that individuals can take to reduce their negative impact on biodiversity.39.??Where does the copper used for wiring and plumbing come from??a.??Most copper is found in ocean sediments.?b.??Most copper is mined from the ground.?c.??Most copper is found along riverbanks.?d.??All copper is mined from the surface.?e.??All copper is manufactured synthetically in factories.ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.9 Reducing Negative ImpactsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.9 - Examine the measures that individuals can take to reduce their negative impact on biodiversity.40.??Ultimately, the health of life on Earth depends on our ability to live within our limits. The goal is to live ____.?a.??extravagantly?b.??carelessly?c.??frugally?d.??fearfully?e.??sustainablyANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.9 Reducing Negative ImpactsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.9 - Examine the measures that individuals can take to reduce their negative impact on biodiversity.Matching?Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.a.??species that remains restricted to the area where it evolvedb.??species that fail to turn up signs of any individuals after repeated, extensive surveys of its known rangec.??new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversityd.??field of biology that documents biodiversity, and seeks way to maintain ite.??species vulnerable to extinctionf.??broad land or aquatic regions characterized by climate, geography, and the species found within themg.??places that have species found nowhere else and are under great threat of destructionh.??species likely to become endangered in the near futurei.??chemical pollutant becomes increasingly concentrated as it moves up through food chainsj.??narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or riverk.??an organism builds up increasing amounts of a chemical pollutant it its tissues over timeDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.41.??conservation biologyANSWER:??d42.??hot spotsANSWER:??g43.??ecoregionANSWER:??f?Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.a.??species that remains restricted to the area where it evolvedb.??species that fail to turn up signs of any individuals after repeated, extensive surveys of its known rangec.??new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversityd.??field of biology that documents biodiversity, and seeks way to maintain ite.??species vulnerable to extinctionf.??broad land or aquatic regions characterized by climate, geography, and the species found within themg.??places that have species found nowhere else and are under great threat of destructionh.??species likely to become endangered in the near futurei.??chemical pollutant becomes increasingly concentrated as it moves up through food chainsj.??narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or riverk.??an organism builds up increasing amounts of a chemical pollutant it its tissues over timeDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.44.?endangered speciesANSWER:??e?Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.a.??species that remains restricted to the area where it evolvedb.??species that fail to turn up signs of any individuals after repeated, extensive surveys of its known rangec.??new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversityd.??field of biology that documents biodiversity, and seeks way to maintain ite.??species vulnerable to extinctionf.??broad land or aquatic regions characterized by climate, geography, and the species found within themg.??places that have species found nowhere else and are under great threat of destructionh.??species likely to become endangered in the near futurei.??chemical pollutant becomes increasingly concentrated as it moves up through food chainsj.??narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or riverk.??an organism builds up increasing amounts of a chemical pollutant it its tissues over timeDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.45.?bioaccumulationANSWER:??k46.??biological magnificationANSWER:??i?Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.a.??species that remains restricted to the area where it evolvedb.??species that fail to turn up signs of any individuals after repeated, extensive surveys of its known rangec.??new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversityd.??field of biology that documents biodiversity, and seeks way to maintain ite.??species vulnerable to extinctionf.??broad land or aquatic regions characterized by climate, geography, and the species found within themg.??places that have species found nowhere else and are under great threat of destructionh.??species likely to become endangered in the near futurei.??chemical pollutant becomes increasingly concentrated as it moves up through food chainsj.??narrow corridor of vegetation along a stream or riverk.??an organism builds up increasing amounts of a chemical pollutant it its tissues over timeDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.47.??endemicANSWER:??a48.??threatened speciesANSWER:??h49.??extinct speciesANSWER:??bAnswer the following questions in reference to the four geologic periods listed below.?a.??Cretaceousb.??Quaternaryc.??Devoniand.??PermianDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.50.??volcanic activity in what is now Siberia released a large amount of carbon into the atmosphere causing extinctionsANSWER:??d51.??more than 70% of marine groups were lost, likely due to a meteorite impact and sea level declineANSWER:??c52.??human practices are the major agents of extinctionANSWER:??b53.??asteroid impact at the K-T boundary caused extinctionsANSWER:??a54.??the greatest mass extinction event where 90%-95% of all species were lostANSWER:??dObjective Short Answer55.??The rate of extinction picks up dramatically during a(n) __________, when a large proportion of Earth’s organisms become extinct in a relatively short period of geologic time.ANSWER:??mass extinctionDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.56.?For the purposes of conservation, a species is considered __________ in the wild if the only knownmembers of the species are in captivity.ANSWER:???extinctDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.57.??Elephants are killed for their tusks and rhinos for their horns. This is an example of __________ for traditional medicine and ornaments.ANSWER:??overharvestingDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.3 Current Diversity and ThreatsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.3 - Examine the human role in endangering existing species.58.??The best way to prevent desertification is to avoid farming in areas that are subject to __________.ANSWER:???high winds and periodic droughtDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.59.??When a forest is cut down, daytime temperatures rise and reduced __________ results in less rainfall.ANSWER:???transpirationDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.60.??By the process of __________, an organism’s tissues store a pollutant taken up from the environment, causing the amount in the body to increase over time.ANSWER:???bioaccumulationDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.5 PollutantsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.5 - Describe how pollutants are directly endangering living organisms using examples.61.??By the mid-1980s, spring ozone thinning over Antarctica was so pronounced that people were referring to the lowest-ozone region as a(n) __________.ANSWER:??ozone holeDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.6 Ozone Depletion and PollutionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.6 - Determine some of the major contributors to ozone layer depletion.62.?One way of predicting how warmer global temperatures will affect the incidence of disease is to look at what happens during a(n)__________ event, when sea temperatures rise.ANSWER:??El Ni?oDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: ApplyREFERENCES:??48.7 Effects of Global Climate ChangeLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.7 - Examine how climate change is threatening life on Earth.63.??Places that have species found nowhere else and are under great threat of destruction are called biodiversity ___________, and these areas take priority in worldwide conservation efforts.ANSWER:???hot spotsDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??48.8 Conservation BiologyLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.8 - Discuss the significance of conservation biology and ecological restoration.Subjective Short Answer64.??Describe what caused the extinction of dodo birds.ANSWER:??The dodo was a big, flightless bird that lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.Dodos were plentiful in 1600, when Dutch sailors first arrived on the island, but 80 or so years later the birds were extinct. Sailors ate some, but destruction of nests and habitat by rats, cats, and pigs introduced by the sailors probably had a greater effect.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??48.2 The Extinction CrisisLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.2 - Discuss the current mass extinction crisis and the human role in it.65.?What caused the Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s?ANSWER:??In the mid-1930s, large portions of prairie on the southern Great Plains were plowed under to plant crops. This plowing exposed the deep prairie topsoil to the force of the region’s constant winds. Coupled with a drought, the result was an economic and ecological disaster. Winds?carried more than a billion tons of topsoil aloft as sky-darkening dust clouds, causing the region be known as the Dust Bowl.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??48.4 Harmful Land Use PracticesLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.4 - Determine how human activities could potentially transform entire biomes.66.??Explain how ozone (O3) is both beneficial and harmful to life.?ANSWER:??The ozone layer benefits living organisms by absorbing most ultraviolet (UV) radiation from incoming sunlight. Near the ground, where there is naturally little ozone, it is considered a pollutant. Ozone irritates the eyes and respiratory tracts of humans and wildlife. It also interferes with plant growth.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: EvaluateREFERENCES:??48.6 Ozone Depletion and PollutionLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.6 - Determine some of the major contributors to ozone layer depletion.67.?Make a list of ways you can reduce your negative impacts on our living planet.?ANSWER:???1. Reduce energy usage.2. Reduce consumption of non-renewable mineral resources.3. Contribute to ecological restoration projects.4. Consider where the products you purchase and use are coming from.5. Recycle.DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: EvaluateREFERENCES:??48.9 Reducing Negative ImpactsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.48.9 - Examine the measures that individuals can take to reduce their negative impact on biodiversity. ................
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