Division Pteridophyta - Native Tree Society
A Survey of the Vascular Flora of Anne Arundel County
Compiled by Colby B. Rucker
Preface: Use of Copyrighted Material
It should be noted that the following survey of the flora of Anne Arundel County was compiled from many sources. If assembled for my own information and enjoyment, there is no concern regarding information extracted from copyrighted material. Material produced by government agencies is largely in the public domain, as is all material printed before 1924 (as of 2002). While some limited use (with proper acknowledgement) of newer material may be acceptable, the more extensive use or distribution of most newer material would probably require permission.
Gray 1867, Britton 1901, Waters 1905, Robinson & Fernald 1908, Shreve 1910, Britton & Brown 1913, and Sargent 1922 are no longer covered by copyright. The section on ferns draws on several sources: Lellinger is quoted 39 times, Redman 64 times, and Reed 30. Brown & Brown 1972 and 1984 have been quoted 792 times regarding habitat, distribution and frequency; Strausbaugh & Core have been quoted 28 times.
Checklists include Stieber 1967, 1971; Higman 1977; Sipple 1978; and Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984. Some of Stieber’s findings were gleaned from public herbaria, and some from his own field work; any distinction is uncertain, and connections with public entities may place much of this material in the public domain.
A thorough survey of the county flora cannot be made without including some copyrighted material. Therefore, it seems best to determine what material is essential, and obtain permission.
A Survey of the Vascular Flora of Anne Arundel County
Division Pteridophyta
Class Lycopsida
Order Lycopodiales
1. Lycopodiaceae (Club-moss Family)
1. Lycopodium clavatum L. 1753 Shr.390, B&B.5
(Running Clubmoss, Running Pine).
Somewhat resembles L. lucidulum.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867). "On exposed rocks and in dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "On exposed rocks, mesophytic forests, and in sandy [Coastal Plain] woods" (Reed 1953). "Dry to moist sandy woods and road banks" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Open sandy woods" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: This is a northern species found in the mountains southward to N.C.; it does not intrude far onto the Md. Coastal Plain. "Midland and Mountain Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in Garrett Co., less so elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Frequent in Garrett County, occasional in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Harford, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties" (Redman 1991). Also Allegany County (Reed 1953).
Records: "A little of this clubmoss occurs in a damp hollow near Millersville" (A. V. Smith, 1940). Found 2.9 mi. SW of Odenton post office, floodplain of Little Patuxent River 10/25/1970 by D. Bystrak (See Hill & Riefner 1982). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). "W" Section, Fort Meade (Longbottom, 1993).
2. Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. 1803
[Lycopodium obscurum L. var.
dendroideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton ex A. Gray 1890] B&B.5
(Round-branch Ground-pine).
Habitat: "Moist woods" (Gray 1967). "In open forests, in freshwater slow moving places, as ponds, bogs, and the like, and in rocky places" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in moist to rather dry woods, mossy barrens, rocky or sandy areas, and bogs in poor, acid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "Mesic woods on loamy soils" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: Apparently a northern variety found above the Fall Line to North Carolina. "Occasional in Anne Arundel, Frederick, Howard, and Prince George's Counties" (Redman 1991). Also Montgomery County (Reed 1953).
Records: Glen Burnie, at Sawmill Pond 7/18/1894, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). One upper-county station (probably Waters') mapped by Reed 1953.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
3. Lycopodium digitatum Dillen. ex A. Braun
[Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fernald) Blanchard 1911] B&B.5
(Lycopodium complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fernald 1901)
As Lycopodium complanatum L., without variety Shr.390
(Running Cedar, Crows-foot, Groundpine, Ground Cedar, Christmas-green, Fan Clubmoss).
Habitat: "Woods and thickets" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "Damp or dry forests, in thickets and on moist open slopes" (Reed 1953). "Dry woods and open areas" (Brown & Brown 1984). Rich and mossy, slightly acidic dry forests, especially under decadent Virginia pines.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in dry woods, abandoned fields, and occasional on open slopes in all counties and D. C." (Redman 1991). Once common locally, and collected for Christmas greens. Now disappearing from many areas, due to residential development.
Records: Three county stations mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm; locally moderately abundant on north & west shaded slopes, infrequent in moist hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek, Higman 489 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Patuxent Community Pond, Rieves Pond, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Benfield Blvd. at Rt. 3, 3/26/1991; Severn Run behind Millersville Post Office 12/21/1991; pond near Shipley's Choice 5/17/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (scarce, Berry property). Road to water tower near Arnold Elementary. Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood Forest woods). Severn Run Natural Environmental Area. Belvoir (cutover woods between house & BG&E r/w). Whitehall Creek (dam of Gov. Sharpe's millpond). Central School (plentiful between Rts. 214 & 2). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988. Cattail Creek watershed: near Oak Hill Pond 3/17/1990. Community College woods, 9/8/1990. Elliott property, Bell Branch Road June 1991. Mill Creek (McCann property) 6/12/1993.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
4. Lycopodium inundatum L. var. bigelovii Tuckerm. 1843.
(Lycopodium inundatum var. adpressum Chapm. 1883)
[Lycopodium adpressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw. 1900]
(Lycopodium chapmanii Underw. ex Maxon 1901)
as Lycopodium inundatum L., without variety: Shr.390, B&B.3
(Southern Bog Clubmoss, Chapman's Clubmoss).
Not to be confused with L. inundatum var. inundatum, the northern bog clubmoss, a rare plant of Garrett County.
Habitat: "Sandy bogs" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "In bogs, sandy swamps and open situations with moist sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist banks and borders of swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Terrestrial in bogs, on shores of ponds, streambanks, and in meadows, in peaty, sandy, or occasionally clayey, highly acid soils that sometimes are periodically inundated" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped from Anne Arundel, Dorchester, Kent, Prince George's, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties (Reed 1953).
Records: Glen Burnie, open boggy areas, also at Sawmill Pond 10/1/1894, 9/2/1895, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Bog at Glenburnie (As L. adpressum; C. E. Waters 1905). Bog at Glenburnie (As L. inundatum L.; M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p. 185). "Severna, at a beach swamp 8/16/1927, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Three stations (upper half of county) mapped by Reed 1953. Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Forked Creek: Calvin Gray property, on low flat clay of an
abandoned mining pit at Blue Lake by D. D. Boone & Rucker 1/3/1986.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
5. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. 1803 Shr.390, B&B.3
(Shining Clubmoss).
Habitat: "Cold damp woods" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "In moist forests, preferring rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp shady woods and on damp sandstone" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in cool, wet woods, on stream banks, and at swamp margins in rich, humusy, subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones; rare in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common, particularly in Garrett County; rare Coastal" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Common above the Fall Line in damp or wet woods in rich humus soils, and occasional on the Coastal Plain in forested wetlands. Known from all counties except Calvert, Charles, Dorchester, and St. Mary's" (Redman 1991). Mapped from all counties except Somerset (Reed 1953).
Records: One station (north county) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm & Contee Farm, infrequent in same habitat as L. complanatum, especially along old Contees Wharf Road, Higman 1363 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings:, Maynadier Creek watershed: plentiful on slope near Round Bay Bog. Brewer Creek watershed: fairly plentiful in Sherwood Forest woods. Brewer Pond watershed: Sahlin's farm - a few plants in ravine near farm road 9/9/1995. Chase Creek watershed: Rucker's woods at Ridgeway East (one plant ca. 1990); Frantum's ravine (one plant ca. 1958); Berry's woods (north-facing slope of Rowles Valley 3/14/1992, & May 2000). Near A. A. Community College by David H. Williams 1987. Rays Pond watershed: dam of Iliff's Pond 1991, & April 2000. Dividing Creek watershed: one plant above RR r/w 3/12/1988.
Herbaria: CBC.
6. Lycopodium obscurum L. 1753 Shr.390, B&B.5
(Flat-branch Groundpine, Tree Clubmoss, Princess-pine, Ground-pine).
Habitat: "Moist woods" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "In dry forests"
(Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods and on shaded rocky slopes" (Reed 1953). "Mesic woods on loamy soils" (Redman 1991). Mossy bottomland advancing from side-swales onto wooded floodplains.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in all Maryland counties" (Redman 1991).
Records: Glen Burnie, rich woods 7/18/1894, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). About eight stations mapped by Reed 1953. Waysons Corner, damp woods March 1966, Steiber 1 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, moist woods 9/23/1966, Steiber 2 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Pond near Shipley's Choice 5/17/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Maynadier Creek watershed, near Round Bay Bog. Severn Run
Environmental Area. Forked Creek watershed (Calvin Gray property near Blue Lake). Chase Creek watershed (above Rucker's Pond - sparse, no strobiles, rapidly declining). Floodplain of Indian Creek Branch. Upper Sewell Spring Branch. Brewer Pond watershed. Hopkins Creek floodplain. Mill Creek (H. Scott McCann property) 6/12/1993. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988. Truxtun Park. N. side Marley Creek Branch 3/1990.
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Selaginellales
2. Selaginellaceae (Spike-moss Family)
7. Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring 1840
[Selaginella apoda (L.) Fernald 1915] B&B.8
[Selaginella apoda](L.) Morren]
[Selaginella apus (L.) Spring 1840] Shr.390
(Lycopodium apodum L. 1753)
(Meadow Spike-moss, Creeping Selaginella, Basket Selaginella).
"A delicate little plant, resembling a moss..." (Gray 1867). Light green prostrate creeping annual, stems 1-4 in. long, leaves minute, entire, acute, in two planes.
Habitat: "Low, shady places" (Gray 1867). "In moist shaded places, often among grass" (Britton 1901). "On the ground among grasses in moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In mud and in damp places, as meadows and swamps, weedy places and lawns" (Reed 1953). "Wet lawns, fields and stream banks" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Terrestrial in swamps, meadows, pastures, damp lawns, light woods, and stream banks, in neutral to subacid soil, or rarely on rocks" (Lellinger 1985). "In damp areas of woodlands, meadows, rocks, rotting logs, and lawns" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions" (Reed 1953). "Frequent" (Redman 1991). Very common, but easily overlooked, and little known locally.
Records: Two stations (NE county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings: Senate Bldg., Annapolis, stairwell, on wet bricks 6/4/1993. Chase Creek watershed, in lawn, and mossy bricks, Lot 706, 6/8/1993. Brewer Pond watershed: Sahlin property (north-facing bank along farm road 9/9/95).
Class Sphenopsida
Order Equisetales
3. Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family)
8. Equisetum arvense L. 1753. Shr.389, B&B.1
(Field Horsetail, Common Horsetail).
Habitat: "Moist, especially gravelly soil" (Gray 1867). "In sandy soil, especially along roadsides and railways" (Britton 1901). "Moist forests and moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in damp woods, meadows, swamps, on stream banks, and along railroad tracks and roadsides, often in disturbed ground in subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In disturbed sandy, or less often, clay soils, in open woods, meadows, and along streambanks, roadsides and railroad tracks" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "The commonest of the horsetails in our region" (Reed 1953). "A weed...injurious to horses and cattle" (Jaques 1959). "Abundant; all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C." (Redman 1991).
Records: About nine stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, solitary in rubble (site now destroyed); Mill Swamp, locally moderately abundant on stream banks; Higman 752, 1370 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983.) Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed; near road to Ruckers Pond ca. 1972, and Iliff's Ravine ca. 1980. Small tributary of Jabez Branch at Hog Farm Road. Roadside of 648 south of Old Man Creek. Cypress Creek watershed (between Rt. 2 & upper cedar swamp). Mill Creek above Rt. 50 at old bridge crossing embankment. Mill Creek near Shottown Road stream crossing ca. 1986. Mill Creek near beaver dam below Rt. 50.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
9. Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton 1903
[Equisetum hyemale L. var. pseudohyemale (Farw.) Morton]
as Equisetum hyemale L., without variety Shr.390, B&B.1
(American Scouring-Rush, Tall Horsetail).
Habitat: "Wet banks" (Gray 1867). "In wet places and on banks, especially along rivers and lakes" (Britton 1901). "Moist forests, thickets and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Forming dense masses in woods and in open ground along streams, along the alluvial banks of rivers and mud flats and railroad embankments" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in woods, fields, swamps, roadsides, riverbanks, and railroad embankments, in moist, circumneutral, often disturbed soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In sandy woods and on alluvial flats" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent; in all counties and D. C. except Dorchester, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester" (Redman 1991). Rarely seen in Anne Arundel Co.
Records: Two stations (upper county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings: South River watershed: abundant near electric substation on Harness Creek Road (Williams, pc).
Class Filicopsida
Order Ophioglossales
4. Ophioglossaceae (Adder's-tongue or Grapefern Family)
10. Botrychium dissectum var. typicum Clausen 1938
(Botrychium ternatum var. dissectum D. C. Eaton 1878)
(Botrychium dissectum Spreng. 1804) Shr.386, B&B.12
(Botrychium lunarioides Swartz var. dissectum)
(Cutleaf Grapefern, Lace-frond Grapefern). Evergreen.
Habitat: "In low woods and thickets or wooded slopes" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Terrestrial in moist to rather dry woods, swamps, and pastures or old fields, commonly under somewhat disturbed conditions" (Lellinger 1985). "In woods, thickets, and overgrown fields" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Abundant; in all counties and D. C." (Redman 1991).
Records: Three stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, infrequent in mature hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek; Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in hardwood forest of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1241 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Rieves Pond (As B. dissectum; Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (As B. dissectum; Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's Ravine. Berry's Woods 4/1/1990). Mill Creek (McCann property). Cattail Creek watershed: near Oak Hill Pond 3/17/1990. Ravine N. of Manresa (excellent site, largely destroyed by road construction). Hock tract 11/16/1991.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
11. Botrychium dissectum forma obliquum (Muhl.) Fernald 1921. B&B.12
[Sceptridium obliquum (Muhl.) Lyon 1905]
[Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute 1902]
(Botrychium ternatum var. obliquum D. C. Eaton 1878)
(Botrichium obliquum Muhl. 1805)
(Botrychium lunarioides Swartz var. obliquum)
(Common Grapefern, Ternate Grapefern, Blunt-leaved Grapefern). Evergreen.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets, or open slopes" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: The most common form of the Grape Fern" (Reed 1953). "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Eight stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Magothy River swamp, thicket along the stream" 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in mature hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek; Ivy Neck, solitary in mature pine stand on Cheston Peninsula; Higman 1101, 1102 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Brewer Pond 4/16/1983 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's Ravine. Berry's Woods 4/1/1990). Sewell Spring Branch (at old house ruins near river). Truxtun Park. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988. Near Oak Hill Pond 3/17/1990. Hock tract 11/16/1991.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 197l).
12. Botrychium dissectum var. tenuifolium (Underwood) Farwell 1924. B&B: unlisted
[Botrychium obliquum var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert]
(Thin-leaved Grapefern, Southern Grapefern).
Evergreen.
Frequency: "Known...in Talbot, Dorchester, Wicomico and Worcester Counties. Rare in other places in the Coastal area." (Reed 1953).
Records: Two stations (southern half of county) mapped by Reed 1953.
13. Botrychium matricariifolium A. Braun ex Koch 1845.
(Botrychium matricariaefolium A. Braun ex Koch 1845 Shr.386, B&B.10
(Botrychium neglectum Wood 1847)
(Matricary Grapefern, Wood's Grape Fern, Daisy-leaved Moonwort)
Habitat: "In grassy woods and swamps" (Britton 1901). "Humus-rich soils in damp shady woods and thickets" (Reed 1953). "Dry to moist soil of woods and thickets, sometimes in open areas" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Terrestrial in woods, thickets, and rarely in pastures, in rich, subacid or circumneutral soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Baltimore County & W-B area; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Rare on rich soils in thickets and shaded woods in Anne Arundel, Howard, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties, and in meadows in Garrett County." (Redman 1991).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 Watchlist.
Records: Two county stations mapped by Reed 1953.
14. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Swartz 1801 Shr.386, B&B.12
(Osmunda virginiana L. 1753)
(Botrychium virginicum Swartz)
Rattlesnake Fern; Virginia Grapefern). Not evergreen.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "Rich, well drained, wooded areas" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Terrestrial in thickets and deciduous woods in rich, circumneutral to subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout the state in moist woods and occasional in thickets, all counties, Baltimore City, and D.C." (Redman 1991).
Records: Magothy River 5/31/1876, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). About nine stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Manresa, shaded moist woods along a path 6/1/1966, Stieber 3 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in same habitats as B. dissectum above, Higman 1241 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Brewer Pond 4/16/1983; Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Round Bay Bog 6/8/1990, Longbottom 689 AACC. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Martins Pond ravine. Mill Creek (McCann property) 6/12/1993. Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood woods). Hock tract. Lake Ogleton above RR r/w. Cypress Branch on Severn. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988.
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
15. Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fern.) Love & Love
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. pycnostichum Fernald 1939.
Our plants are the above var.; the typical are Eurasian.
(Ophioglossum vulgatum L.) Shr.386, B&B.12
(Southeastern Adder's-tongue Fern).
Habitat: "Bogs and meadows" (Gray 1867). "In moist meadows and thickets" (Britton 1901). "Terrestrial in shady floodplain woods in seasonally wet, circumneutral soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Frequent in floodplain woods on circumneutral soils in Baltimore, Cecil, Dorchester, Harford, Montgomery, Prince George's, St. Mary's, Talbot, Washington, and Wicomico Counties. Rare on floodplains in Carroll, Frederick, and Washington Counties" (Redman 1991).
Records: One mid-county station mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings: "Near Shadyside" (Williams, pc 1987).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
Order Filicales
5. Osmundaceae (Royal Fern Family)
16. Osmunda cinnamomea L. 1753. Shr.386, B&B.14
(Cinnamon Fern).
Large (Ht. 4-5 ft.) deciduous fern with fronds growing in a circle.
Habitat: "Swamps and low copses" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In wet woods, swamps, and low ground" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Terrestrial on stream banks, and in swamps, bogs, and other wet places in rather acid soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abundant in forested wetlands, and occasional in non-forested wetlands in all counties and D. C." (Redman 1991).
Records: Glen Burnie, low dense woods 7/5/1902, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Wet woods at Glenburnie bog (Waters 1905). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Lemon's Bridge on banks of Patuxent River 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). About eight stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Patuxent Community Pond, water's edge 6/14/1966, Stieber 4 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm; infrequent to moderately abundant in moist, partly shaded sites, especially upland edges of Hog Island marsh; Star Co. Tract, infrequent in deep ravines. Higman 104, 442, 515 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three county stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts, 1983). Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp, Round Bay Bog, Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Severn Run at Gambrills Road 10/-/1987; Waterford Branch above Elvaton Road 11/3/1989 (Sipple 1993). Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Lake Waterford Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park, Sullivan Cove, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Swamp above Eagle Hill Bog. Sullivan Cove cedar swamp. Truxtun Park. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 6/18/1988. Boyd Pond, swamp at SW corner
(Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
17. Osmunda cinnamomea var. glandulosa Waters 1902. B&B.14
(Glandulose Cinnamon Fern).
Frequency: Reported from but two locales: (1) A station at Glen Burnie, now probably destroyed. (2) "Lemon's Bridge". Note that E. C. Leonard and G. M. Leonard collected fifteen other taxa (Osmunda, Dryopteris, Agropyron, Dichanthelium, Panicum, Bulbostylis, Carex (four), Juncus, Sisrhinchium, Platanthera, Reseda, Itea) in varied habitats near Lemon's Bridge on 7/4/1928; it appears Wherry was in their company when he found var. glandulosa.
Records: Type specimen discovered in a low, dense, wet woods at Glen Burnie by Campbell E. Waters in 1901 (See Waters 1905, Steiber 1967, 1971). In damp thickets and in sandy soil at edge of a swamp July & Aug., 1901, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie, in a low woods 8/3/1901, William R. Maxon (US) (Stieber 1967). Lemon's Bridge, on Patuxent R., in a swampy woods 7/4/1928, E. T. Wherry (US) (Stieber 1967). One station (mid-county, probably Waters') mapped by Reed 1953.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
18. Osmunda claytoniana L. 1753. Shr.386, B&B.14
(Osmunda interrupta Michx. 1803)
(Interrupted Fern).
Smaller (ht. 2-3 ft.) than O. cinnamomea, & frond interrupted by fertile middle pinnae.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and moist woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open pasture fields, borders of woods and swampy areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Midland Zone, common in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in forests on loamy soils of high humus content in all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C. above the Fall Line, abundant in Garrett County, and rare on the Coastal Plain in Anne Arundel, Cecil, Prince George's, and Queen Anne's Counties." (Redman 1991).
Records: Found 1.1 mi. SW of Odenton post office, on a hillside by D. Bystrak 6/7/1970 (See Hill & Riefner 1982, p.46).
Sightings: Valentine Creek watershed: found by Mrs. Augusta Coates on her wooded waterfront residential property at Arden on the Severn; a mature frond shown to Rucker 8/18/1990; whether indigenous or accidentally introduced is unknown.
19. Osmunda regalis L. 1753 Shr.386, B&B.14
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray 1856.
Our plants are the above variety; the typical is Old World.
(Royal Fern).
Large (Ht. 2-5 ft.) deciduous fern with fronds twice pinnate.
Habitat: "Swamps and wet woods" (Gray 1867). "In low woods, swamps and marshes" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Forested wetlands" (Redman 1991). Soil more wet and more acidic than usual for cinnamon fern.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "In all counties and D.C. Common on the Coastal Plain, frequent in the Piedmont, and occasional west of Frederick County." (Redman 1991). Common in sandy bogs, especially on the Magothy Formation.
Records: Glen Burnie, rich woods near a stream 7/4/1895, C.E.Waters, (US) (Stieber 1967). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Eight stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Patuxent Community Pond, pond's edge 6/15/1966, Stieber 5 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island marsh tree clumps and in pine stand above Fox Creek estuary, Higman 516 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run (overflow swales along Severn Run between Dicus Mill and New Cut Roads). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988. Chase Creek watershed: below Ruckers Pond (one plant 1972, not seen 1999), Iliff property (Rowles Valley). Head of Dividing Creek below Spot Club Road. Sullivans Cove cedar swamp. Back Creek: SPCA property. Jabez Branch: largest Drum Point Railroad pond. Bay Ridge, near Blackwalnut Creek 1990. Boyd Pond, swamp at SW corner (Longbottom, pc 1991). West side of Westinghouse Bay, June 1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
6. Schizaeaceae (Climbing Fern or Curly-grass Family)
20. Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Swartz 1806. Shr.386, B&B.14
(Gisopteris palmata Bernh. 1801)
(Climbing Fern, Hartford Fern, American Climbing Fern).
Evergreen fern with palmate pinnae twining on shrubs, etc. Ht. 1-3 ft.
Habitat: "Shaded or moist grassy places" (Gray 1867). "In moist thickets and open woods" (Britton 1901). "Wet thickets in sandy or acid soil" (Radford et al 1968). "Terrestrial in woods, thickets, and at bog margins, in humus-rich, slightly acid soil (Lellinger 1985). "In large colonies on sandy soils of wet deciduous/evergreen forests" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "W-B area and Anne Arundel County; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984). Mapped by Reed (1953) in Anne Arundel, Prince Georges, Montgomery, and Harford Counties. "Rare; Anne Arundel, Calvert, and Prince George's Counties" (Redman 1991).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Threatened.
Records: Wet thicket Nov. 1890, Katherine A. Taylor (US) (Stieber 1967). Junction of Benfield Road and Coolspring Branch near Butler estate (Plitt 3/28/1903). Two stations near "Forest Home" on Marley Creek watershed (Plitt 5/2/1903, 4/29/1905). Severn Run above Dicus Mill (Plitt 1/30/1906); this is the largest station in Maryland, with vigorous colonies of plants in sandy thickets along Severn Run. "Millersville" by P. H. Friese (Shreve et al 1910). Dicus Mill Road, in wet woods along the Severn Run 9/26/1951, Clyde F. Reed (US) (Stieber 1967). Four stations (upper county) mapped by Reed 1953. Severn Run 10/31/1982, 3/6/1983, 7/12/1986, 6/22/1987 (at Dicus Mill), 6/-/1987 (at Gambrills Road), 7/9/1988, 12/21/1991 (behind Millersville P.O.) (Sipple 1993). "Ben Oaks" 5/13/1998; see Sipple 1999, p.350.
Sightings: Rear of Crouse property, on hilltop adjacent to Severn Run park property. Indian Creek Branch; small station on mountain laurels at rear of lot at end of Larue Road, by Rucker & Todd Davison ca. 1986. Relocated by Rucker & Julie Robertson; extant 1989.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
7. Sinopteridaceae (Maiden-hair Family)
21. Adiantum pedatum L. subsp. pedatum.
Adiantum pedatum L. 1753, without subsp. Shr.389, B&B.38
(Northern Maidenhair Fern, Maidenhair Fern).
Deciduous; dark wiry stipe forked into 2 recurved branches; ht. 9-15".
Habitat: "Rich, moist woods" (Gray 1867). "Terrestrial in rich, moist, circumneutral to subacid soils, usually in the shade" (Lellinger 1985). "In moist, rocky woods" (Redman 1991). Humus-rich soil of north-facing steep slopes in cool, shady, deep wooded ravines, often with Hydrangea arborescens.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in all counties above the Fall Line and D. C., and Charles, Prince George's, St. Mary's, and Talbot Counties on the Coastal Plain" (Redman 1991). Seen by Rucker at Belt Woods, P.G.Co. Occurrence in A.A.Co. seems precarious, due to habitat disturbance and periodic drought conditions.
Records: Three county stations mapped by Reed 1953. In deciduous woods 1.2 mi. S. of Odenton P. O. at 39 deg. 03'49"N, 76 deg. 41'25"W, 6/7/70; Danny Bystrak MARY #31145.
Sightings:
(1.) Chase Creek Watershed: Rucker property, upper ravine slope, with Hydrangea arborescens; perhaps forty plants ca. 1972, but not seen 1991, or since, probable drought loss.
(2.) Chase Creek watershed: Wm. H. Berry property, damp slope in narrow ravine, under tuliptrees ca. 1986; not seen since ca. 1990.
(3.) Chase Creek watershed: Iliff's ravine, three sub-ravines near Diplazium pycnocarpon ca. 1986 & May 2000 (ca. 100 ft. from 157.6 foot tuliptree). Two sites seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/2002.
(4.) Chase Creek watershed: ravine, ca. 100 ft. below Pine Bluff stormwater outfall, May 2000 (near 151.7 foot tuliptree).
(4.) Rays Pond watershed: Iliff property, upper slope, north of pond ca. 1986; not seen 1991 or since; probable drought loss.
(5.) Arnold Recreation Area, perhaps forty plants under ancient white oak behind microwave tower ca. 1972; all plants dug up by A. A. Co. Recreation & Parks personnel, taken to Londontowne Publik House gardens, late 1970's.
(6.) Brewer Creek watershed: several small stations in upper ravines, Davison & Rucker, ca. 1986.
(7.) College Creek: reported from the Hock Tract, not confirmed, doubtful.
Herbaria: MARY.
22. Pellaea x atropurpurea L.) Link 1841. Shr.389, B&B.36
(Pellaea glabella x ternifolia)
(Pteris atropurpurea L. 1753)
(Purple Cliff-brake)
Frond 6-15", stipe dark purple, shining.
Habitat: "Dry calcareous rocks" (Gray 1867). "On rocks, preferring limestone" (Britton 1901). "On shaded and exposed rocks, both limestone and shale, and on steep slopes with thin soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Epipetric in crevices in calcareous cliffs and rock ledges, on limestone walls, in limy mortar on walls, or rarely terrestrial" (Lellinger 1985). "An epipetric in crevices of limestone outcrops and in mortar of limestone walls" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Occasional; Allegany, Baltimore, Frederick, Montgomery, and Washington Counties" (Redman 1991). Essentially absent from the Maryland Coastal Plain.
Records: Furnace Creek, on an old stone wall 9/2/1895, C.E.Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). One station (probably Waters') mapped by Reed 1953.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
8. Polypodiaceae (Polypody Family)
23. Polypodium virginianum L.
[Polypodium vulgare var. virginianum (L.) Eaton]
as Polypodium vulgare L. 1753., without var. Shr.389, B&B.3
(Common Rock Polypody, Common Polypody, Rock Polypody)
Small (ht. 4-10") evergreen fern.
Habitat: "Most abundant on rocks and rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910). "On rocks or rocky banks, occasionally on trees" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Epipetric on dry rocks, rarely terrestrial or epiphytic" (Lellinger, 1985).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common as an epipetric, and infrequent as an epiphytic or as a terrestrial above the Fall Line, and infrequent in the same habitats in Anne Arundel, Caroline, Cecil, Harford, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, and Wicomico Counties on the Coastal Plain" (Redman 1991).
Records: One station (NE county) mapped by Reed 1953. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Plentiful on steep wooded slope along the Patuxent River at Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Williams, pc 1987).
9. Dennstaedtiaceae (Bracken Family)
24. Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore 1857. B&B.27
[Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) A. Gray 1848] Shr.387
[Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx. 1803]
(Hay-scented Fern)
Deciduous fern 2-3 ft. high with much-divided pinnae.
Habitat: "Moist, rather shady places" (Gray 1867). "Most abundant on open hillsides" (Britton 1901). "Open woods and fields, often taking over large areas of pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Terrestrial or rarely epipetric in full sun or partial shade in acid to strongly acid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In acid soil of open woods, on rocky slopes, and in upland meadows" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Coastal Zone, frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abundant; in all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C. west of the Chesapeake Bay, and occasional in damp sandy woods on the Eastern Shore" (Redman 1991).
Records: Seven stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Beachwood Park 10/3/1990, Longbottom 1302 AACC. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom, 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker and Berry properties). Rays Pond (Iliff property). Sullivan Cove (Mittnacht Tract Rd). Indian Creek Branch. Shoreline path above Sewell Spring Branch. Brewer Creek watershed (steep slope above stream). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988.
Herbaria: AACC.
25. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. B&B.38
Most local plants are the above var. (Brown & Brown 1984).
[Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 1879] B&B.38
(Pteris aquilina L. 1753 - used rather broadly in older manuals) Shr.389
(Eastern Bracken Fern)
Deciduous fern with a broad leathery ternate frond 1-2 ft. high.
Habitat: "In sunny places" (Britton 1901). "Terrestrial in barrens, pastures and open woodlands in moderately to strongly acid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "Open woodlands (particularly pine woods), thickets, barrens, and pastures, preferring light acid sandy soils" (Redman 1991). Loose, sandy, highly acidic soil of flat, open, scrubby oak or pine woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed in pastures and recently cleared fields" (Jaques 1959). "Abundant; occurs in every county and D. C." (Redman 1991). Common on the Magothy Formation, but limited to sandy terraces and promontories on the Aquia.
Records: About ten stations (As var. latiusculum; county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Sawmill Pond 8/26/1989 (As P. aquilinium by Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park, Downs Park, Forge Bridge, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park, "W" Section of Fort Meade (As P. aquilinum by Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: uncommon on sandy promontories at Briar Cliff; five plants on promontory above Rucker's Pond (died out ca. 1976). Sullivans Cove (along River Rd.). Forked Creek (Sackett property). Sewell Spring Branch near river. Plum/Gumbottom Branch at Miner Road 10/15/1988. Truxtun Park. Sawmill Creek Park (power line r/w). Power line r/w near Round Bay Bog 9/15/1990. Pointfield Landing marina, near Bear Branch 5/16/1991.
26. Pteridium aquilinium var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Heller 1900. B&B.38
(Southern Bracken Fern, Tailed Bracken)
Habitat: "Terrestrial in barrens and open pine or oak woods in acid, often sandy soil" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Has been reported in the W-B area." (Brown & Brown 1984).
"Common in barrens and open pine or oak woods. Restricted to the Coastal Plain of Anne Arundel, Caroline, Calvert, Charles, Dorchester, Prince George's, St. Mary's, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties" (Redman 1991).
Records: Two stations in upper half of county mapped by Reed 1953.
10. Thelypteridaceae (Marsh Fern Family)
27. Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weatherby 1919.
[Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee 1850-1852] Shr.388, B&B.22
[Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Christens 1905]
(Polypodium hexagonopterum Michx. 1803)
(Broad Beech Fern, Southern Beech-fern)
Deciduous fern with triangular fronds broader (7-12") than long.
Habitat: "Rather open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in moist, moderately acid soil, usually in full shade" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Frequent in all regions west of the Chesapeake Bay; uncommon on the Eastern Shore" (Reed 1953). "Common on forested slopes in all counties and D. C. above the Fall Line, infrequent on the Coastal Plain, and absent from Caroline, Dorchester, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties" (Redman 1991). A fern of rich virgin soils, it is probably restricted to mixed forests of old growth, which are much reduced in Anne Arundel County.
Records: Six stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest near Old Muddy Creek Road & above tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 1208 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (Plentiful on slopes above Iliffs Pond 1991). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry, Iliff properties).
Martins Pond ravine. Brewer Creek watershed. Little Magothy watershed, frequent at Woods Landing II, April 1992.
Herbaria: CBC.
28. Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. B&B.22
(Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray 1848] Shr.387
(Aspidium noveboracense Swartz 1801)
(Polypodium noveboracense L. 1753)
(New York Fern)
Slender light green deciduous fern; four lowest pairs of pinnae reduced.
Habitat: "Swamps and moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods"
(Britton 1901). "In moist forests, but commoner in open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in woods and swamps in rich, subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "Damp wooded hillsides and pond margins, where acid soils prevail" (Shaver 1954). Forming dense stands in transitional zones of firm, but hydric soil, often with Smilax rotundifolia.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abundant in woods and swamps in rich subacid soils in all counties and D. C." (Redman 1991). Common in transitional borders of wetlands, often in a dense continuous growth.
Records: Lemon's Bridge, in a swamp near the Patuxent R. 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Ten stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Near St. James Church, in moist woods 6/5/1966, Steiber 7 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Contee Farm, solitary at source of Fox Creek (shaded cove), Higman 317 (CBC)(Higman 1977). Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park 9/1/1990, Longbottom 1103 (AACC). Beverly-Triton Beach, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Patuxent Community Pond, Rieves Pond, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Blackwalnut Creek at Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/1990. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Brewer Pond watershed. Truxtun Park. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch watershed 10/15/1988. Community College woods 9/15/1990 (plentiful). Rays Pond watershed (near Iliffs Pond 6/25/1991).
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US & LCU (As D. noveboracensis) (Stieber 1971).
29. Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott B&B.22
[Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray Shr.387
(Aspidium thelypteris Swartz 1801)
It appears local plants are of the following variety:
Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald
[Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. pubescens (Lawson) Nakkai]
[Dryopteris thelypteris forma pubescens (Lawson) Clute 1938]
[Dryopteris thelypteris var. pubescens (Lawson) A. R. Prince ex Weatherby 1936]
(Northeastern Marsh Fern, Northern Marsh Fern, Marsh Shield-fern)
Slightly larger than T. noveboracensis; lower pinnae not reduced, innermost pinnules clasping stipe, tip of frond twisted.
Habitat: "Marshes" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "Marshy wet places, swamps, wet thickets and about bogs" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in marshes, swamps, meadows, riverbanks, lake shores, roadside ditches, and wet woods" (Lellinger 1985). "Wetlands, both open and forested" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in all Coastal Plain counties, frequent in the Piedmont, infrequent in the mountains, and absent from limestone areas" (Redman 1991). Very plentiful on rich marshy sites with full sunlight, as at Sawmill Creek.
Records: About ten stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in Hog Island marsh near trail, in Typha marsh on upper Muddy Creek channel, & in shaded ravines above Fox Creek estuary, Higman 286, 524 (CBC)(Higman 1977). Seven county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna, Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Beachwood Park 10/3/1990, Longbottom 1304 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (As D. thelypteris; Sipple 1993). Friendship Pond Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (below Rucker's Pond; this station died out by 1989). Shrub swamp at Rt. 648 near Old Severn River Bridge (Rt. 450). Sawmill Creek Park (extremely abundant on power line r/w). Truxtun Park. Blackwalnut Creek watershed (shore of vernal pond above Herndon Rd., Bay Ridge 10/6/90). Angels Bog 9/30/90 (Longbottom, pc).
Herbaria: AACC, CBC. US (As D. thelypteris) (Stieber 1971).
30. Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott forma haleana (Fernald) Reed B&B: unlisted.
[Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray var. pubescens forma haleana (Fernald) Reed 1951]
[Dryopteris thelypteris var. haleana (Fernald) Broun ex Weatherby 1936}
(Southern Marsh Fern)
Frequency: Mapped by Reed in Anne Arundel, Talbot, and Caroline Counties.
Records: Two stations (mid-county) mapped by Reed 1953.
31. Thelypteris simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl. B&B.22
(Aspidium simulatum Davenp.)
(Dryopteris simulata Davenp. 1894) Shr.387
(Bog Fern, Massachusetts Fern)
Similar to T. palustris, but veins of fertile pinnules not forked.
Habitat: "In woodland swamps" (Britton 1901). "Sphagnum-covered areas, as bogs and woodland swamps" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in bogs and swamps in very acid soil, usually among sphagnum moss" (Lellinger 1985).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Threatened.
Frequency: "Rare in sphagnum bogs and swamps in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Garrett, Harford, Prince Goerge's, Talbot, and Wicomico Counties" (Redman 1991). Rare; reported from bogs in most sections of county, but probably nowhere abundant.
Records: Glen Burnie, in wet woods 7/4/1895, 9/2/1895, 3 specimens, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Glenburnie, by C. E. Waters (Shreve et al 1910). Glen Burnie, low wet woods 8/3/1901, 3 specimens, Wm. R. Maxon (US) (Stieber 1967). Six county stations mapped by Reed 1953. Magothy River, swampy thicket along a stream 7/2/1960, Neil Hotchkiss & E.C.Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
Herbaria: US (As Dryopteris simulata) (Stieber 1971).
11. Aspleniaceae (Spleenwort Family)
32. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P.
[Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes ex D. C. Eaton 1879] Shr.388, B&B.3
(Asplenium ebeneum Ait. 1789)
(Acrostichum platyneuros L. 1753)
(Ebony Spleenwort)
Small (6-10") evergreen fern with dark wiry stipes, auriculate pinnae.
Habitat: "Rocky, open woods" (Gray 1867). "On rocks and banks, preferring limestone soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests; in open situations and on rocks" (Shreve et al 1910). "Epipetric on rock ledges, terrestrial on subacid soil, and on masonry and rock walls" (Lellinger 1985). Moist sandy slopes, old sandstone retaining walls, rotten joints in north-facing brickwork, and low rock piles.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abundant in both epipetric and terrestrial situations on acidic, and less often, calcareous substrates, in sun or shade in every county, Baltimore City, and D. C." (Redman 1991). Frequent county-wide.
Records: South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Fourteen stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, infrequent in moist mature hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek & north of deck road; solitary on shady bank above Sand Point marsh, Cheston Peninsula of Ivy Neck, Higman 143, 162 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park 10/12/1990, Longbottom 1317 (AACC). Beverly-Triton Beach, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Friendship Pond Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry property, at old house foundations. Rucker property). Sewell Spring Branch (near old sandstone house foundation near river). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988. By woods road to Round Bay Bog 9/15/1990. Abundant (ca. 70 plants) in loose mortar of north-facing brickwork at top of Senate Building garden wall; a few at House of Delegates Building "porch", Annapolis, 1990; also State House window well August 1993. Woods near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC, CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
33. Asplenium platyneuron (L.) B.S.P. var. incisum (E. C. Howe) B.L. Robinson
[Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes var.
incisum (E. C. Howe) B.L. Robinson 1908] B&B.31
(Serrate Ebony Spleenwort)
Frequency: "Sporadic throughout the area" (Reed 1953).
Records: One station (mid-east county) mapped by Reed 1953.
12. Woodsiaceae (Cliff Fern Family)
SYN Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth 1799. B&B.29
[Athyrium filix-foemina (L.) Roth 1799]
[Asplenium felix-foemina (L.) Bernh. 1806] Shr.389
(Polypodium filix-foemina L. 1753).
(Lady Fern)
Upright (ht. 1-3 ft.), deciduous; pinnae much-divided, tips long-acuminate.
The distinction between the different subspecies and forms of lady fern is remote; it is often convenient to treat them as one taxon.
Habitat: "Moist woods" (Gray 1867). "In woods, thickets, and by walls and fences" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and thickets" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Common on cool rich shady sites, but probably absent in many sandy areas.
Records: Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Bacon Ridge Park, Downs Park, Friendship Pond Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood Forest woods). Brewer Pond watershed. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Blackwalnut Creek watershed (poplar woods above Herndon Road, Bay Ridge 10/6/1990). Elliott property, Bell Branch Road June 1991.
34. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth subsp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
[Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. var. typicum Butters 1937]
[Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. michauxii (Spreng.) Farwell 1917] B&B.29
[Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. forma typicum Butters 1917]
[Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) A. Eaton var. angustum (Willd.) Moore 1860]
[Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. 1825]
(Northern Lady Fern, Upland Lady Fern)
Deciduous, blade widest near middle.
Habitat: "Terrestrial in moist woods, swamps, and thickets in usually subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In moist woods, thickets, and forested wetlands" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Occasional on the Inner Coastal Plain, west of the Chesapeake, and westward through Maryland. Much less frequent than its form rubellum" (Reed 1953). Reed mapped stations in Carroll, Baltimore, Harford, Cecil, Charles and Talbot Counties; he mapped rubellum in all Md. counties. "Abundant; in all counties and D.C." (Redman 1991).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at small culvert on old entrance road; solitary in mature pine stand on Cheston Peninsula at Ivy Neck, Higman 480, 1103 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 707) 6/9/1993.
Herbaria: CBC (As var. michauxii). US (As var. michauxii) (Stieber 1971).
35. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. michauxii (Spreng.) Farwell forma rubellum (Gilbert)
Farwell 1923.
[Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. var. rubellum (Gilbert) Butters 1917]
(Red-stiped Northern Lady Fern) Form not listed by B&B.
Habitat: "Rich, damp, shady woods" (Reed 1953).
Frequency: "Frequent throughout eastern & central area, becoming less
frequent in the mountains" (Reed 1953).
Records: Nine stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 705) 6/9/1993.
36. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth subsp. asplenioides (Michx.) Hulten
[Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farwell 1923]
[Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) A. Eaton forma typicum Butters 1917]
[Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) A. Eaton 1817] B&B.29
(Southern Lady Fern)
Deciduous, blade widest just above base.
Habitat: "Terrestrial in wet woods and thickets, swamps, and seeps in moderately to strongly acid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In wet woods and on creek banks" (Reed 1953). "Moist woods, thickets, and forested wetlands" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Common throughout our area. especially through central Maryland, becoming less frequent in the Coastal and Mountain regions" (Reed 1953). "Abundant in all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C." (Redman 1991).
Records: About five stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. "One station near Muddy Creek at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in broad shaded ravine (study area 2), Higman 456, (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As var. asplenoides) (Stieiber 1971).
37. Deparia acrostichoides (Swartz) M. Kato
[Athyrium thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv. 1827] B&B.29
(Asplenium thelypterioides Michx. 1803)
(Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. 1800) Shr.389
(Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Athyrium, Silvery Glade Fern, Silver Lady Fern)
Blades pinnate-pinnatifid, somewhat resembling O. cinnamomea, but smaller, and sori on pinnae.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In rich moist woods" (Britton 1901). "Terrestrial in moist woods, often on slopes, in subacid to circumneutral soil" (Lellinger 1985). Deep moist shady ravines and swales containing mossy rocks.
Frequency: "Frequent above the Fall Line, westward into the Allegheny Mountains; uncommon on the Coastal Plain" (Reed 1953). "Frequent in moist rich woods in all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C. above the Fall Line, and rare in Anne Arundel, Calvert, Prince George's, Talbot, and Worcester Counties on the Coastal Plain" (Redman 1991). Habitat sensitive; probably restricted to cool, rich, rocky ravines in mid-county.
Heritage Rating: Formerly shown as "declining", unlisted 1988, 1991.
Records: One station (mid-county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (ravines at Rucker, Berry and Iliff properties). (Rucker & Iliff sites seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/02). Brewer Creek watershed (ravine, Sherwood Forest woods)
38. Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun
[Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestrom 1906] B&B.29
(Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng. 1804)
(Asplenium angustifolium Michx. 1803) Shr.388
(Glade Fern, Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Narrow-leaved Glade Fern, Narrow-leaved Athyrium)
Tall (Ht. 2-3 ft.), deciduous fern; pinnae entire, lanceolate.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods" (Britton 1905). "Moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp shady woods and alluvial flats" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in swampy thickets and glades in moist, neutral soil" (Lellinger 1985). "..very moist, shaded places such as steep hillsides and the heads of ravines. North-facing slopes and north-facing ravines, especially if they have a permanent or semi-permanent stream in the trough of the ravine, seem favorable." (Shaver 1954). "On forested floodplain terraces" (Redman 1991). Extremely habitat sensitive; on calcium-rich soils. The two stations at Chapman Forest are classified as shell-marl ravine forests. Pawpaw and bitternut are usually present, as at the Chesapeake Beach (Calvert Co.) station relocated by Wayne Tyndall & Rucker.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare) Threatened. 2001: S2 (State Rare), Threatened.
Frequency: Baltimore County (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent on the Piedmont, and uncommon westward in Maryland; rare on the Coastal Plain adjacent to the Piedmont" (Reed 1953). "Rare; Baltimore, Harford, and Washington Counties" (Redman 1991). Also occurs in A. A. Co., Charles Co. (Chapman Forest), P.G.Co. (Belt Woods), Calvert Co., & Washington Co. (Boone, in Norden et al 1984).
Records: One station (mid-county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Sightings:
(1) Chase Creek watershed. Rucker's ravine. Located 1972 by Rucker; extant 2001, seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/02. A large (ca. 300 sq.ft.) side-shelf of plants appears to be the original site. Plants have advanced loosely onto the adjoining alluvial deposit for ca. 250 feet, where (1999) a spreading blanket of Ranunculus ficaria may prove beneficial in trapping siltation and conserving moisture.
(2) Chase Creek watershed. Iliff property, side ravine of Rowles Branch. Located 1980 by Rucker. Extant 2000, seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/2002. This is a very rich site, with Asimina, Dentaria, and Hepatica. The ferns are numerous and well-scattered, often on the north side of large tuliptrees, the largest population being on a steep slope below an immense three-trunked northern red oak.
(3) Chase Creek watershed. Iliff property, side ravine of Rowles Branch. Located 1980 by Rucker. Extant 2000. This adjoining ravine has a small population on a steep well-shaded side-bank at the upper convergence of this small ravine. The soil is rich and nearly bare, due to the extreme shade.
(4) Chase Creek watershed. Located May 2000 by Rucker, seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/2002. Iliff property, side ravine of Rowles Branch, at the north end of Briar Cliff. This small population occurs on alluvial deposits in a small ravine bottom about 50 feet north of a 157.6 foot tall tuliptree.
(5) Brewer Creek watershed. Located 1986 by Rucker & Davison. Several dozen plants on a linear side-shelf of a narrow ravine trough, under pawpaws. A concern is scouring by runoff from a nearby road.
39. Onoclea sensibilis L. 1753. Shr.386, B&B.20
(Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern)
Deciduous; sterile fronds to 2 ft.
Habitat: "Moist or wet places, along streams" (Gray 1867). "In moist soil" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests, swamps and open wet grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet ditches, open wet meadows, moist forests and swamps" (Reed 1953). "Terrestrial in marshes, swamps, damp woodlands, and along river banks in wet, usually subacid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "Forested and non-forested wetlands, moist fields, and thickets" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "All counties, Baltimore City, and D. C." (Redman 1991).
Records: South R., the headwaters of the North Run, in standing water at edge of a swamp 9/15/1946, J. Ewan (US) (Stieber 1967). About fourteen stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Manresa, in a swampy area in the Severn River 6/1/1966, Steiber 6 US (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on Muddy Creek floodplain above old entrance road & along shaded ditch of Fox Creek, Higman 182, 325 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture
Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond, by Ecological Analysts, 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Friendship Pond Park, Kinder Park, Lake Waterford Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's Ravine, Lot 706). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point State Park 6/18/1988. Luce Creek watershed: Belle Grove property 1/7/1995.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
13. Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern Family)
40. Dryopteris x boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. 1893. Shr.388, B&B.27
(Aspidium boottii Tuckerm. 1843)
(Aspidium spinulosum Swartz var. boottii)
(Nephrodium boottii)
Natural hybrid between D. cristata and D. intermedia.
(Boott's Woodfern, Glandular Swamp Fern)
Habitat: "In woods" (Britton 1901). "Moist wooded ravines along and above the Fall Line" (Reed 1953). "In swamps or on wooded streambanks" (Redman 1991)l. Acid bogs and wet woods.
Frequency: "Sporadic within the general distribution of D. cristata, more frequent on the Piedmont and in the Allegheny Mountains" (Reed 1953). Reed mapped boottii in Garrett, Frederick, Baltimore, Harford, Montgomery, Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, and Wicomico Counties.
"Infrequent; Anne Arundel, Baltimore and Garrett Counties" (Redman 1991).
Records: Glen Burnie, low wet woods June & July 4, 1895, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Glenburnie bog (As N. boothi; C. E. Waters 1905). "Glen Burnie, (C. E. Waters)" (Shreve et al 1910). Two stations (upper central county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
41. Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H. P. Fuchs
[Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar var. spinulosa (Muell.) Fiori]
[Dryopteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Kuntze 1891]
[Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz.) Kuntze] Shr.387
[Dryopteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Watt 1867] B&B.24
(Aspidium spinulosum Swartz)
(Polypodium spinulosum O. F. Muell. 1767)
(Nephrodium spinulosum)
(Spinulose Woodfern, Spinulose Shield-fern, Toothed Woodfern)
Evergreen, lying flat over the winter. Similar to D. intermedia, but inner lower pinnules larger than those adjoining.
Habitat: "In damp woods" (Gray 1867). "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "Terrestrial in moist to wet woods and swamps" (Lellinger 1985). Low rich woods and moist thickets.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in mountains; less common eastward" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Common in central Maryland, frequent west of Frederick County, and occasional on the Eastern shore in moist woods and swamps" (Redman 1991).
Records: Glenburnie bog (As N. spinulosum; C. E. Waters 1905). Three stations (mid-county) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, solitary on marshy shaded bank of Bluejay Branch, Higman 251 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Elliott property, Bell Branch Road June 1991. Ruins of Dash Mill at Lake Waterford 8/13/1988, 2/17/1990 (tentative identification). Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988 (tent. ident.). Kass tract at Bay Ridge 10/6/1990 (tent. ident.).
Herbaria: CBC.
42. Dryopteris celsa (Wm. Palmer) Small B&B.24
[Dryopteris goldiana var. celsa (Palmer) Clute 1938]
[IN ERROR: Dryopteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell f. celsa (Palmer) Wherry 1950]
(IN ERROR: D. clintoniana x goldiana Dowell 1908)
[Aspidium goldianum (Hook.) subsp. celsum (Palmer) Robinson]
[Dryopteris goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray subsp. celsa Palmer 1899]
(Log Fern)
This is a natural hybrid of a more northern species, D. goldiana, and D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small, a southern coastal plain species (S. Va. to Fla.). The spores are often fertile, and it has been found in the Great Dismal Swamp (Sipple 1993, p.298); in the Blue Ridge of Tennessee; the mountains of West Virginia; and other places. It was formerly considered a hybrid or a form of D. clintoniana (See Shaver 1954, Reed 1953). Blade thick, upright, evergreen, like D. cristata, but more broad, with long acuminate tips. Height to 20 in.
Habitat: "Rotting logs, rich springy slopes, humus hummocks in moist woods" (Strausbaugh & Core 1970). Redman states that it grows vigorously on drained swamps and similar disturbed areas.
Frequency: Mapped from Howard Co. by Reed 1953. "Infrequent Baltimore and Cecil Counties; also Garrett" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Infrequent as mostly small colonies in swamps, along wooded streambanks, and on rocky seepage slopes. Extant populations are in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Frederick, Harford, Howard, Somerset, Talbot, and Worcester Counties" (Redman 1991).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare) 1991: Endangered. 1994 & 2001: S3.1 (Watchlist, global significance), Threatened.
Records: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property, plants growing on a swampy hillside seep and Smilax thickets with D. cristata. Identified 12/18/92 by Donnell E. Redman. Erroneously recorded by the author as D. clintoniana [Maryland Scenic Rivers: The Severn (1983), and Davison & Rucker 1988]. Collected by Longbottom Oct. 1997 for AACC herbarium. Seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/02.
43. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray 1848. Shr.387, B&B.24
[Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw. 1801]
(Polypodium cristatum L. 1753)
(Nephrodium cristatum)
(Crested Woodfern, Crested Shield-fern, Narrow Swamp Fern)
Upright (to 2 ft.) evergreen; frond narrow, pinnate; innermost pinnules much larger.
Habitat: "Swamps" (Gray 1867). "In wet woods and swamps" (Britton 1901). "Terrestrial in wet woods and swamps" (Lellinger 1985). Very wet rich soil; swamps and lowland seeps.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; uncommon in the Eastern Shore District, infrequent in the Western Shore District in moist forests and swamps, common in the Mountain Zone in swamps and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in swamps in Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Charles, Garrett, Harford, Howard, Kent, Montgomery, Prince George's, Talbot, and Wicomico Counties" (Redman 1991). Habitat sensitive; infrequent in the county.
Records: Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). "North of Leon" 6/16/1907, Forrest Shreve (Md. Weather Service #1552, now MARY #000288). Six stations (north and west county) mapped by Reed 1953. Magothy River, along the bank of a stream near swampy thickets 7/2/1960, Neil Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983, 6/27/1987 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, extant 3/1991, & seen by Rucker & Sipple 6/28/2002). Ruins of Dash Mill at Lake Waterford, one plant 2/17/1990; additional plants in millrace 1992; site bulldozed for new spillway 1992. Solitary, Mill Creek swamp (perhaps 250 yards below Shot Town Road stream crossing) by Davison & Rucker.
Herbaria: MARY. US (Steiber 1971).
44. Dryopteris expansa (Presl.) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy B&B: unlisted.
[Dryopteris dilitata (Hoffman) A. Gray]
(Dryopteris spinulosa var. dilitata Underw. 1893)
(Aspidium spinulosum var. dilitatum Hook. 1830)
(Polypodium dilitatum Hoffman 1795)
(Florist's Fern, Spreading Woodfern, Spreading Shield-fern)
"A high mountain species of rocky woods ... Newfoundland to Alaska, ...Tennessee and North Carolina" (Britton and Brown 1913). "Labrador, Quebec, southern Ontario, the upper peninsula of Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northwestern Minnesota. Also Alaska south to Oregon, central California, northern Idaho, western Montana, northwestern Wyoming, and northern Colorado" (Lellinger, 1985).Frequency: Not listed for Maryland by Reed 1953, or Brown & Brown 1984. Stieber's entry appears to refer to a specimen which Higman later (1977) calls "Florist's Fern" but identifies as "D. spinulosa (O. F. Muell) Wat.", not D. dilitata.
Records: "One station near a marsh at Java Farm." (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC (As D. dilitata; CBC 1993). US (As D. dilitata; Stieber 1971).
45. Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.) A. Gray 1848 B&B.27
[Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar var. intermedia (Muhl.) Morton
[Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl.) Underw. 1893] Shr.388
(Aspidium spinulosum Swartz var. intermedium)
(Aspidium americanum Davenp. 1878)
(Polypodium intermedium Muhl. 1810)
(Evergreen Woodfern, American Shield-fern, Fancy Fern)
Similar to D. spinulosa, but inner lower pinnules smaller than those adjoining.
Habitat: "In swamps, open wet ground and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in moist, sometimes rocky woods and swamps" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Rather common west of the Chesapeake Bay from the inner Coastal Plain to the Allegheny Mountains; rare on the Eastern Shore" (Reed 1953). "Abundant in Garrett County, common in all counties above the Fall Line, and rare on the Coastal Plain in moist, often rocky woods" (Redman 1991). Probably absent from most of county.
Records: "Anne Arundel County, Leon (1553)" (Shreve et al 1910); presumably collected 6/16/1907, as were #1548 & #1552. Leon was on the Patuxent about 2 miles below Hills Bridge. About four stations (west and upper county) mapped by Reed 1953.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). Shreve's #1553 may be at MARY, as is his #1552 (D. cristata).
46. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray Shr.387, B&B.24
[Aspidium marginale (L.) Swartz 1806]
(Polypodium marginale L. 1753)
(Marginal Shield-fern, Marginal Woodfern, Leather Woodfern)
Thick, leathery, evergreen.
Habitat: "Rocky hillsides in rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In rocky woods" (Britton 1901). "Moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Epipetric or terrestrial on rock ledges, talus slopes, and on soil in shade and exposed places" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in rocky woods of all counties above the Fall Line, infrequent on the Coastal Plain along swamp borders" (Redman 1991).
Records: Five stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Java Farm, solitary on old entrance road in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 1364 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
47. Dryopteris x uliginosa Druce B&B: Not listed.
(Dryopteris cristata x spinulosa Lasch 1905)
(Aspidium cristatum Swartz var. uliginosum Milde - see Gray 1867, under A. spinulosum
var. boottii).
(Druce's Wood Fern, Lasch's Wood Fern)
A natural hybrid between the crested woodfern and the spinulose woodfern. See Reed 1953, p.135. Also Lellinger 1985, p.289. Probably much like D. boottii; see Gray 1867, p.665.
Habitat: "It has been found with the parent species in upland swampy places" (Reed 1953).
Frequency: Listed but not mapped by Reed 1953.
Records: "Two stations in swamps in Anne Arundel County" (Redman 1991). These are near Davidsonville (Redman, pc 12/18/1992).
48. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. 1834. B&B.27
[Dryopteris acrostichoides (Michx.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.387
(Aspidium acrostichoides Swartz)
(Nephroidium acrostichoides Michx. 1803)
(Christmas Fern) Evergreen; blades pinnate, with auriculate pinnae.
Habitat: "Hillsides and ravines in woods" (Gray 1967). "In woods and rocky places" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Terrestrial in well-drained, circumneutral to subacid soil in partial sun" (Lellinger 1985). "In woodlands, on open rocky slopes, and in thickets" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abundant; all counties, Baltimore City, and D. C. This is our most common fern species" (Redman 1991). Very common on steep shady slopes in all sections.
Records: About eight stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Wayson's Corner, in damp woods near a stream 3/1/1966, Steiber 8 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant on shaded slopes and hardwood forest, Higman 160, 237 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek (SPCA property, by Williams 1989). Railroad r/w 7/12/1990 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park 10/12/1990, Longbottom (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Bacon Ridge Park, Broad Creek Park, Forge Bridge, Governors Bridge gravel pits, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Rays Pond watershed (plentiful, slopes above Iliffs Pond 4/23/1991, 6/25/1991). Hilltop near Arnold Elementary. Sewell Spring Branch (upper watershed, streambanks under tuliptrees). Brewer Creek watershed. Community College Woods 9/15/1990. Kass tract at Bay Ridge 10/6/1990. Luce Creek watershed: Belle Grove property 1/7/1995.
Herbaria: AACC & CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
49. Polystichum acrostichoides forma incisum (A. Gray) Gilbert 1901. B&B.27
(Aspidium acrostichoides var. incisum)
(Aspidium schweinitzii Beck)
(Serrate Christmas Fern)
"Several forms and varieties of this species have been described that appear to be based on developmental abnormalities; ...Wagner, Farrar, and McAlpin (1970) have shown that ...f. incisum is not genetically fixed, for fronds of this "form" appear sporadically on normal plants of P. acrostichoides" (Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: May occur within Christmas fern populations county-wide.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's Ravine June 1987); Rucker's ravine. Plants at Rucker's ravine exhibited characteristics of forma incisum for one season, but appeared typical the following year.
14. Blechnaceae (Chain Fern Family)
50. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore 1857 Shr.388, B&B.33
[Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl. 1851]
(Woodwardia angustifolia Smith)
(Acrostichum areolatum L. 1753)
(Net-leaved Chainfern, Netted Chainfern)
Deciduous fern, fronds pinnatifid, rachis winged near tip; ht. 12-18".
Habitat: "Bogs" (Gray 1867). "In swamps" (Britton 1901). "Coastal Zone; in sandy swamps and thickets, and in bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in wet woods, swamps, along streams, and in bogs in acid soil" (Lellinger 1985). "Acid bogs, swamps or wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Low, moist, often mossy, thickets on sandy soil.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in large colonies in swamps and bogs in all Coastal Plain counties" (Redman 1991).
Records: "Glen Burnie, 7 specimens, Oct. 1894, Oct. 1895, 9/1/1902, C.E.Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 8/3/1901 [1891 in error; should read 1901], 2 specimens, William R. Maxon (US) (Stieber 1967). Wet woods at Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Eight stations (county-wide) mapped by Reed 1953. Magothy R. swamp, in a thicket along the stream 8/18/1960, James Benedict (US) (Stieber 1967). Eight county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Magothy at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Waterford Branch above Elvaton Road 11/3/1989 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Friendship Pond Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (by Ruckers Pond). Brewer Pond floodplain. Truxtun Park. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988.
Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988. Boyd Pond, swamp at SW corner
(Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
51. Woodwardia areolata forma obtusiloba (Waters) Broun B&B: unlisted.
[Lorinseria areolata forma obtusilobata (Waters) Broun 1938].
Habitat: "Swamps and wet deciduous woods...sporadic in cutover areas" (Reed 1953).
Frequency: Mapped by Reed in Anne Arundel and Dorchester Counties.
Records: One station (south county) mapped by Reed 1953.
52. Woodwardia virginica (L.) J. E. Smith 1793 Shr.388, B&B.36
[Anchistea virginica (L.) Presl. 1851].
(Blechnum virginicum L. 1771)
(Virginia Chainfern)
Upright (ht. 2-3 ft.) deciduous fern with unwinged rachis and distinctive aligned sori.
Habitat: "Wet swamps" (Gray 1867). "In swamps" (Britton 1901). "Coastal Zone; in sandy swamps and thickets, and in bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Terrestrial in bogs, swamps, marshes, and at the edge of ponds, in wet, acid to subalkaline soil" (Lellinger 1985). "In swamps, marshes, and along pond edges" (Redman 1991).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Throughout the Coastal Plain regions; also on coastal soils near Towson (Balto. Co.) and on Sugar Loaf Mt. (Fred. Co.)" (Reed 1953). "Occasional in Anne Arundel, Calvert, Caroline, Charles, Dorchester, Prince George's, St. Mary's, Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. Also disjunct in a seepage swamp in Frederick County" (Redman 1991). Apparently restricted to open bogs in upper half of county. Plentiful at some sites.
Records: A. A. Co. July 1894, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Elvaton 7/18/1894, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie, wet thickets 7/4/1894, C. E. Waters (US) (Stieber 1967). Sawmill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/5/1899). Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Five stations (upper half of county) mapped by Reed 1953. Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma 1984 (see Sipple 1999, p.379). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984); abundant 9/15/1990.
Sightings: Sawmill Creek Park (power line r/w) 1987.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
Order Salviniales
15. Marsileaceae (Water-clover Family)
53. Marsilea quadrifolia L. 1753 Shr.389, B&B.41
(Marsilia quadrifolia L. - see Gray 1867)
(European Water-clover, Pepperwort, European Marsilea)
Introduced from Europe to Bantam Lake, Litchfield Co., Conn. ("The only habitat in America" Gray 1867). "Thence introduced into other parts of the country, from Massachusetts to Maryland" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Habitat: Rooted in mud. "Marsh or aquatic plants, the leaves commonly floating on the surface of shallow water" (Britton 1901).
"Aquatic, either submerged or emergent, or sometimes on wet ground bordering ponds. Naturalized from Ontario and New England south to Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio..."(Lellinger 1985).
Frequency: Extirpated from the county.
Records: Saw Mill Pond near Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899, 9/6/1899, 5/26/1906). Pond by Glenburnie bog: "A rapidly increasing colony ... introduced six or eight years ago" (C. E. Waters 1905). Pond by bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). See Fessenden (1955) re. Plitt 5/29/1920: "The dam which had recently been built ...was evidently responsible for this flooding that...nearly eliminated the Marsilea". This station is now considered extinct (Reed 1953).
16. Azollaceae (Azolla Family)
[Salviniaceae (Floating Fern Family)]
54. Azolla caroliniana Willd. 1810. B&B.41
(Eastern Mosquito Fern)
Tiny floating ferns, 0.5 to 1 cm across; leaves 0.5 mm long. "Plants forming little mats on the water, 1/2" to 1" broad" (Gray 1867).
Habitat: "Floating on still water" (Britton 1901). Surface of quiet waters of ponds and streams.
Frequency: Reported from Frederick County (Reed 1953). "Local in streams draining fish hatchery areas on limestone strata of southern Frederick County" (Redman 1991). "Rare" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Highly Rare. 1994: S-1 Highly State Rare.
Records: Small pond near Patuxent R. below Governors Bridge Road (Longbottom 1991).
Division Spermatophyta
Class Gymnospermae
Order Coniferales
17. Pinaceae (Pine Family)
55. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. 1888. Shr.392, B&B.15
(Cupressus thyoides L. 1753)
(Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea Spach 1842)
(Atlantic White Cedar, Southern White Cedar) Native tree.
Habitat: "On wet ground or in swamps, sometimes on sandy soils, but usually on peat deposits...with blackgum, sweetbay, and pitch pine" (Fowells 1965).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994 & 2001: S-3 (Watchlist).
Frequency: "Confined to the lower Eastern Shore" (Shreve et al 1910). Reported from Anne Arundel and Baltimore counties by Besley (1917, 1929). Locally limited to bogs and swamps on the Magothy Formation of the Severn and Magothy River watersheds.
County Occurrence: Listed as "native to county" (Besley 1917).
Records:
(1) "Cypress Swamp near Round Bay...an arm of the Magothy" Plitt 5/28/1904 (Sipple 1999, p.354). Cypress Creek 10/24/1951, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek, north arm 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). In Cypress Creek bog, a 4.5 m. tree 8/18/1961, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984); 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). Chartwell Branch at Severn River 3/26/1991 (Sipple 1993).
(2) "Cypress...near Bear Creek...off the Severn" Plitt 4/1/1905 (Sipple 1999, p.360).
(3) Herald Harbor 7/22/1928, J. A. Stevenson (US) (Stieber 1967). East side of Herald Harbor, a few trees at the edge of a small brackish marsh 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (Fish & Wildlife Herbarium 7303, now MARY 032272). Herald Harbor 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
(4) Severn River, near Indian Landing 7/22/1928, J. A. Stevenson (US) (Stieber 1967).
(5) Indian Creek Branch 4/30/1983 (Sipple 1993).
(6) Manresa, 5 m. tree near edge of a woods 9/9/1966 Stieber 14 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
(7) Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Sullivans Cove pond – 2 stations. Cypress Creek, edge of
marsh east of Colonial Auto Parts, two trees (one with large burl) ca. 1975; both dead ca. 1980. Yantz Creek headwaters swamp (4 trees ca. 1986). Stevens Creek (Litz Lake and magnolia swamp). Indian Creek Branch. Near Severn shore below Chartwell ponds. Forked Creek (Bluff Point property, grove near dam; deeded "conservation area"). Rock Cove: one large tree on shore at Bluff Point. Reported 3/11/1987 by Bill Jenkins (A. A. Co. P&Z) from upper watershed of Cockey Creek near Luke Drive. Cypress Creek Savanna; most of stand killed by saltwater intrusion during drought years ca. 1989. In 2001, a planting of C. thyoides seedlings grown from seed from local bogs was made on the altered site of Sherwood Forest Pond.
Herbaria: MARY. US & LCU (Stieber 1971.
56. Juniperus virginiana L. 1753. Shr.393, B&B.15
Juniperus virginiana L. var. crebra Fernald & Grise.
Local trees are var. crebra, the more northern variety, as opposed to var. virginiana, which
occurs from Va. southward (See Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
(Eastern Redcedar) Native tree.
Habitat: "Dry, mostly sterile or rocky soil" (Gray 1867). "Open situations and drier soils, now growing chiefly along roadsides and in abandoned fields" (Shreve et al 1910). Common on basic soils in limestone areas in other counties. Tidewater strands also chemically compatible.
Frequency: "Common throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones; absent from the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, 1 m. shrub, at the roadside bordering a moist woods 3/20/1966 Stieber 15 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "At Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (As var. crebra; see Stieber 1971). "Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, hardwood forests, &
along fences or roads; infrequent on beaches or sandbars" Higman 112, 259, 1130 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Mapped as a strand species by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove (sandbar between cove and marsh 5/16/1992). Cove of Cork ("The Island"; see cover, Maryland Scenic Rivers: The Severn 1983). Martins Pond sandbar. Holly Beach Farm (beach at Moss Pond). Mouth of Blackhole Creek 9/28/91 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971). US (As var. crebra; see Stieber 1971).
57. Picea abies (L.) Karsten. B&B.10
(Picea excelsa Link.)
(Norway Spruce)
Tall pyramidal tree introduced from Europe. Drooping twigs; cones 4-7 in.
Frequency: "Now established...at several places in Ct." (Britton 1905). "Frequently planted as an ornamental" (Brown & Brown 1972). It probably does not escape into the wild locally.
Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993) The origin (planted or naturalized) of Longbottom's specimen is not given.
58. Pinus echinata Mill. 1768. Shr.391, B&B.6
(Pinus mitis Michx.)
(Shortleaf Pine, Yellow Pine)
Large native tree. Needles slender, in 2's or 3's, 3"- 5".
Habitat: "Usually dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Infrequent, often as a solitary specimen in deciduous woods.
Heritage Rating: 2001: S4.
Frequency: "Apparently occurs infrequently throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). Occurring at the northern limits of its range, shortleaf pine appears most plentiful at the margins of the Magothy Formation, with some occurrence on warmer exposures of the Aquia.
Records: Near Red Bluff Court, Shipley's Choice 3/31/1991; behind Millersville P.O. near Severn Run 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry's woods, one large tree, recognized as the 1991-2000 state champion). Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood Forest woods). Chartwell. Sewell Spring Branch (slopes above floodplain). Quarterfield Farms.
59. Pinus rigida Mill. 1768. Shr.392, B&B.3
(Pitch Pine)
Native tree. Needles in 3's, 3-5"long, 1.5 cm wide. Cones 6-12 cm.
Habitat: "In dry, sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). Bog margins.
Frequency: "Throughout the state...on the sandy soils of the Western Shore District Pinus rigida is one of the principal constituents of the forest. Rare in other parts of the Western Shore District." (Shreve et al 1910). Common in a triangle, the points of which are Glen Burnie, Patuxent (Woodwardville) and Earleigh Heights, according to Besley (Md. Geological Survey of A. A. Co., 1917, p. 207).
Records: Glenburnie (Shreve et al 1910). 6 m. tree in Cypress Creek Bog 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). North Grays Bog; South Grays Bog; Angels Bog; Eagle Hill Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Xeric site at Route 100 & Mountain Road 8/11/1989; Sawmill Pond 8/26/1989; Severn Run behind Millersville Post Office 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Sullivans Cove cedar swamp. Head of Lake Litz. Lake Waterford 8/13/88.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
60. Pinus serotina Michx. 1803. B&B.4
(Pond Pine)
Native tree, much like P. rigida; cones smaller (4-6 cm), needles broader (1.5-2 mm).
Habitat: "In swamps, S.E. Va. to Fla." (Britton 1901). "Ponds and swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: Pond pine has not been confirmed in Anne Arundel County. Whigham listed both P. rigida and P. serotina for four sites where Sipple & Klockner listed only P. rigida . Broome et al 1979 listed but three Maryland stations; one each in Caroline, Worchester, and Wicomico Counties.
Records: North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog (Whigham 1981).
61. Pinus strobus L. 1753. Shr.391, B&B.3
(White Pine) Tall native tree. Needles in 5's.
Habitat: "Cool and damp woods" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Absent from the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). No natural stands are known in Anne Arundel County. White pine is frequently planted on open ground and sometimes introduced into wooded areas. Occasionally seen as an escape into wooded areas, usually small and solitary.
County Occurrence: James Moss, in his book on the Providence settlement, describes stands of very large white pines along the Severn in the 1600's; the basis for this is unknown.
Records: Near Curtis Bay, Plitt 8/31/1904, 2/25/1905; trees up to 75 years old; also, "On the Severn below Annapolis" - communication to Plitt 2/25/1905; see Sipple 1999, p.358. Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Dam of Gov. Sharpes Millpond (Route 50 at Cape St. Claire exit). Near site of Lowmans Mill (Telegraph Rd. & Old Mill Rd.). Ridge above Rucker's pond (small escape). Numerous trees among hardwoods on north-facing slope of ravine adjoining Campus Green resembled a native stand, but were probably planted. Trees in Berry's Woods (Chase Creek watershed) were planted.
62. Pinus taeda L. 1753. Shr.391, B&B.4
(Loblolly Pine, Old-field Pine, Bull Pine)
Large native tree. Needles in 3's, 6"-10".
Habitat: "Barren light soil" (Gray 1867). "Wet clay, or dry sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald, 1908).
Frequency: "Confined to the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Mostly south county, near the Bay.
Records: Manresa, 15-20 m. tree at the edge of a moist woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 10 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, Higman 41, 415, 508 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One south-county wooded swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Severn Run behind Millersville Post Office 12/21/1991; Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Swale above Cypress Creek Savanna (one tree). Bay Ridge (one small station). Boyd Pond, swamp at SW corner 12/6/91 (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
63. Pinus virginiana L. 1753. Shr.391, B&B.8
(Virginia Pine, Scrub Pine)
Early successional native tree. Needles in 2's, rarely 3. Trunk has thin bark, persistent deadwood. Cones recurving on branch.
Habitat: "Barrens and sterile hills" (Gray 1867). "In sandy soil" (Britton 1901). Dry ridges, old fields, roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones, infrequent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Very common, county-wide. Best development at Bay Ridge and Annapolis Roads (state & national champions).
Records: No locale, 10/31/1879, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, at edge of a field and woods March 1966, Stieber 13 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 20 m. tree at the edge of a woods with P. taeda 5/2/1966, Stieber 12 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & CBC, Higman 265 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Chartridge 6/19/1982; woods at Cypress Creek Savanna 3/12/1983; Severn Run behind Millersville Post Office 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park, Rieves Pond, Tar Cove Golf Course, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Cattail Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
64. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Richard Shr.392, B&B.12
(Cupressus disticha L. 1753)
(Bald Cypress) Large native deciduous conifer.
Habitat: "In swamps and along rivers" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Confined to the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Occurs in Calvert County (Battle Creek). But one natural stand has been reported from Anne Arundel. Has been planted in local wetlands, and could reproduce.
Sightings: Seven old trees, apparently of natural occurrence reported at Peter Perry property on Patuxent River (Underwood p.c., 3/13/2002). The following are plantings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry property; shore and dam of pond, also tidal marsh). Saltworks Creek (five trees at head of small cove on upper side of creek). Lake Waterford (these trees were heavily damaged by fishermen, and may no longer exist). Large trees at Holly Beach Farm are on upland soils, and appear to have been planted. 200 small trees planted at Ruckers Pond spring 2002.
65. Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 1855. Shr.392, B&B.12
(Abies canadensis Michx. 1803)
(Pinus canadensis L. 1753)
(Eastern Hemlock, Canadian Hemlock) Large native tree.
Habitat: "Hilly or rocky woods" (Gray 1867). Along mountain streams and on slopes with subsurface moisture.
Frequency: "Throughout the Midland and Mountain Zones; known from a single locality in the Coastal Zone (Watts Creek, Caroline County)" (Shreve et al 1910). A large station is known in Calvert County, at Hellen Creek.
Sightings: Cove of Cork near Rt. 50 bridge. Many trees (one 22" DBH) reproducing well on steep north-facing slope among large chestnut oaks; origin of station unknown. Said to occur on the south side of Luce Creek and Saltworks Creek, but this has not been confirmed. Numerous small trees on north-facing roadside bank of Old Benfield Road between Pointfield Landing and Bear Branch. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker & Berry properties) several small escapes of unknown origin occur in dry woods.
Subdivision Angiospermae
Class Monocotyledoneae
Order Pandanales
18. Typhaceae (Cattail Family)
66. Typha angustifolia L. 1753. Shr.394, B&B.42
(Narrow-leaved Cattail)
Tall native perennial herb. Leaves 4-12 mm wide. Spike divided.
Habitat: Typically forming extensive stands in tidal marshes; occasionally in fresh marshes.
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). A "weed" (Jaques 1959).
Records: No locale, 6/8/1880, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity Glen Burnie/Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Manresa, in a swamp at the edge of the Severn 8/8/1966, 9/9/1966, Stieber 16 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a low pond-like area 7/1/1966, Stieber 17 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Yantz Cove, Severn River 7/30/1971 (Sipple 1993). "Throughout CBC: abundant in virtually pure stands in quiet, shallow, brackish marshes" Higman 211, 533 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 34 county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Brewer Pond 4/16/83 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Kinder Park, Rieves Pond, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991). Fork Creek (on
Magothy)(Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
67. Typha domingensis Pers. B&B.42
(Southern Cattail, Cattail of Santo Domingo)
Similar to T. angustifolia. Taller (2.5-4 m.); more leaves (10 or more); pistillate spikes lighter brown, reach above leaves; leaves flat, not convex on back.
Habitat: "Fresh or brackish marshes of the Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "A recent addition to our flora; still rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Fort Smallwood, in a lagoon marsh, occasional with T. angustifolia 10/31/1950, Neil Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
68. Typha latifolia L. 1753. Shr.394, B&B.42
(Broad-leaved Cattail, Common Cattail)
Native perennial herb. Spike continuous. Leaves flat, 6-23 mm wide.
Habitat: Freshwater wetlands, ditches, and pond margins.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). A "weed" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Vicinity Glen Burnie/Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a low pond-like area" 7/1/1966, 8/6/1966, Stieber 18 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Throughout CBC: infrequent to abundant in fresh or nearly fresh marshes, ditches, etc. & at upland margins of brackish marshes" Higman 90 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Six county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Round Bay Bog; Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989; Kinder Park pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Kinder Park, Rieves Pond, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Mill Creek above Rt. 50. Brewer Pond (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
19. Sparganiaceae (Bur-reed Family)
69. Sparganium americanum Nuttall 1818. B&B.44
(Sparganium simplex var. nutallii Engelm. ex A. Gray 1867)
(Eastern Bur-reed, American Bur-reed, Nuttall's Bur-reed)
Native perennial herb 1-2.5 ft. tall. Stem seldom branching. Fruiting heads 18-26 mm. in diam.
Habitat: "Shallow water, swamps, and muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: On the Patuxent R. 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
70. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong. 1888. Shr.394, B&B.44
(Sparganium simplex androcladum Engelm. ex A. Gray 1867)
(Sparganium americanum androcladum Fernald & Eames 1907)
(Branching Bur-reed)
Native perennial herb 1-3.5 ft. tall. Stem branching. Fruiting heads 2.5-3.5 cm. in diam. Nutlets (achenes) stalked, ellipsoid.
Habitat: "In bogs or shallow water" (Britton 1901).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Severn Run (Severn Run Watershed Management Study 1978). Severn Run, & headwaters of Magothy 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993).
71. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray 1856. Shr.394, B&B.44
(Giant Bur-reed, Broad-fruited Bur-reed)
Tall (2-5 ft.) native perennial herb. Stem branching. Fruiting heads 2-3.5 cm. in diameter. Nutlets (achenes) sessile, broad (obovoid).
Habitat: "In marshes and along streams" (Britton 1901). "In marshes, swamps and along the margins of streams and ponds, growing in saturated soil or as an emersed aquatic." (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Hill's Bridge near Wayson's Corner 6/16/1907, Forrest Shreve 1548 (US) (Shreve et al 1910, Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck: one large clump at small cutoff pond on Cheston Peninsula" Higman 944 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
Order Najadales
20. Zosteraceae (Pondweed Family)
72. Potamogeton crispus L. 1753. Shr.395, B&B.48
(Curly Pondweed, Crimped Pondweed, Curly Muck-weed)
Aquatic perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves submerged with wavy margins.
Habitat: "Flowing and stagnant waters" (Gray 1867). "In fresh, brackish or even salt water" Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn River at Herald Harbor, on a shallow beach area 9/26/1926, G. M. & E. C. Leonard, (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
73. Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. 1808. Shr.395, B&B.48
(Potamogeton hybridus Michx. 1803)
(Variable Pondweed, Rafinesque's Pondweed)
Perennial aquatic herb. Leaves both submerged (linear), & floating (elliptic).
Habitat: "In still water" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Shallow, quiet water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Tentative: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989; either P. diversifoius or P. spirillis (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Pond at Oakland Hills golf course, Arnold (Tentative identification, personal notation, Wayne Klockner, ca. 1979).
DBT. Potamogeton filiformis Pers. 1805. B&B: unlisted.
(Potamogeton filiformis macounii Morong 1888)
(Threadleaf Pondweed)
Native perennial aquatic herb. Leaves all submerged, linear.
Habitat: "In ponds and lakes" (Britton & Brown 1913). A plant of the northern states, "S. to Me., Pa., Mich..." (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Records: Severn Run (Severn Run Watershed Management Study 1978). Probably in error; very doubtful for A. A. Co.
74. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. 1808. B&B.48
[Potamogeton foliosus niagarensis (Tuckerm.) Morong 1893]
(Potamogeton niagarensis Tuckerm. 1849)
(Potamogeton pauciflorus Pursh 1789)
(Leafy Pondweed)
Native perennial aquatic herb. Leaves all submerged.
Habitat: "In ponds and streams" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Fresh to brackish streams and ponds" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Severn Run (Severn Run Watershed Management Study 1978).
DBT. Potamogeton gramineus B&B: unlisted.
(Variable Pondweed)
Habitat: Slow streams and ponds. A northern species, "S. to N.Y., Iowa & Calif." (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Records: Severn Run (Severn Run Watershed Management Study 1978). Probably in error; very doubtful for A. A. Co.
75. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. B&B.50
(Potamogeton americanus Cham. & Schl. 1827)
(Long-leaved Pondweed, Knotty Pondweed)
Native perennial aquatic herb. Leaves both floating & submerged.
Habitat: "In ponds and slow streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Dorr's Corner, in clear swiftly running water of the Severn River 8/18/1960, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Mill Creek above Rt. 50 (tentative identification).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
76. Potamogeton pectinatus L. 1753. Shr.395, B&B.47
(Sago Pondweed, Fennel-leaved Pondweed)
Native perennial aquatic herb. Leaves all submerged.
Habitat: Fresh, sometimes brackish water (0-8 ppt). "Ponds and fresh tidal streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, to a depth of 4 ft. in beach water 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Mayo Beach, in shallow saline water, by Titus Ulke, 6/29/1947 (US) (Stieber 1967). Redhouse Cove (10/31/91 draft, Magothy River Vessel Management Plan, p.17).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
77. Potamogeton perfoliatus L. 1753. Shr.394, B&B.50
[Potamogeton perfoliatus var. bupleuroides (Fernald) Farw.]
All American specimens of P. perfoliatus are var. bupleuroides.
(Redhead Grass, Clasping-leaved Pondweed)
Native perennial aquatic herb. Leaves: broad blades, all submerged.
Habitat: Fresh to moderately brackish water (0-19 ppt). "In fresh, brackish, or salt water" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Ponds and streams" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland"
(Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Rare.
Records: Herald Harbor, in beach water up to a depth of 4 ft. 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967), Shadyside, washed up on the shore 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy River, 7.5 mi. NE of Annapolis 7/9/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). "Infrequent in shallows of Rhode River" Higman 272, 1009 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Magothy Narrows - See Northeast Quarter Map 24, Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1967). US (As var. bupleuroides; Stieber 1971).
78. Potamogeton richardsonii (Ar. Bennett) Rydb. 1905. B&B.52
(Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Ar. Bennett 1889)
(Potamogeton perfoliatus L., var. lanceolatus Robbins)
(Redhead Grass, Redhead Pondweed)
Perennial native submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Quiet water" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Ponds and streams" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/X (Regionally rare, not reported in Maryland since before 1950). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Collected at Fox Creek (either Old Place Creek, on the Severn, or Fox Creek, a tributary of Rhode River) in 1926 (A. Todd Davison, pc 1986).
79. Potamogeton spirillus Tuckerm. 1848. B&B.48
(Potamogeton dimorphous Raf. 1817)
[Potamogeton spirillus curvifolius (Tuckerm.) Peck 1896]
(Spiral Pondweed)
Native aquatic perennial herb. Leaves both floating & submerged.
Habitat: "In ponds and ditches" (Britton 1901). "Shallow smooth waters" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Very tentative: Sawmill Pond 8/11/89; either P. diversifolius or P. spirillis (Sipple 1993).
80. Ruppia maritima L. 1753. Shr.394, B&B.52
(Ruppia curvicarpa A. Nelson 1899)
(Widgeon Grass, Ditch Grass, Tassel Pondweed, Maritime Ruppia)
Native submerged marine herb.
Habitat: "In brackish or salt water" (Britton 1901). "Shallow bays and streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Slightly to moderately brackish water (5-30 ppt).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, with Potamogeton in water 1-5 ft. deep 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Mayo Beach, in salt water 7/21/1946, Titus Ulke (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy River, offshore 7.5 mi. NE of Annapolis 7/9/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). "Infrequent in shallows of Rhode River" Higman 1363 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Lerch Creek (tributary of West River) - See Northeast Quarter Map 35, Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985. Harbor at Gibson Island (10/31/91 draft, Magothy River Vessel Management Plan, p.17).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
81. Ruppia maritima L. var. longipes Hagstrom B&B.52
Records: At Cape Anne near Churchton 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US)
(Stieber 1967).
82. Ruppia maritima L. var. obliqua (Schur) Aschers & Graebn. B&B.52
County Occurrence: "Baltars reported var. obliqua...from Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
83. Zanichellia palustris L. 1753. B&B.52
(Zanichellia intermedia Torrey 1833)
(Horned Pondweed) Native submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: Fresh or brackish ponds (0-20 ppt).
Frequency: "Fresh or brackish waters on the Coastal Plain; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "One station, a pond at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Infrequent in shallows of Rhode River, at Sand Point, & in cutoff pond on Cheston Peninsula" Higman 1154, 1356 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 6/1/1988 (Sipple 1993). Three Magothy River sites: Broad Creek, Forked Creek, & Old Man Creek (10/31/91 draft, Magothy River Vessel Management Plan, p.17).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
21. Najadaceae (Naiad Family)
84. Najas gracillima (A. Br.) Magnus B&B.54
[Naias gracillima (A. Br.) Magnus 1870]
[Naias gracillima (A. Br.) Morong Shr.395
Slender branching opposite-leaved submerged aquatic annual herb.
Habitat: "In pools and ponds" (Britton 1901). "Ponds and muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; known from the W-B area and the Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
85. Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus B&B.54
[Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong. 1893]
(Najas microdon A. Br.)
(Southern Naiad)
Slender branching opposite-leaved submerged aquatic annual herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and lakes" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Infrequent; in the W-B area." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
86. Najas minor All. B&B: not listed.
(Naiad) Introduced.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
22. Alismaceae (Water-plantain Family)
87. Alisma subcordatum Raf. 1808. B&B.55
(Alisma plantago-aquatica L.) Shr.395
[Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. pauciflorum (Torr.) Farw.]
[Alisma plantago var. parviflorum Torr. 1824]
[Alisma plantago Bigel. 1814]
(Common Water Plantain, Mud-plantain)
Native perennial emergent aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Shallow water and ditches" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes and all open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/04). Patuxent Community Pond, erect in shallow water 6/14/1966, Stieber 20 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck: solitary at small cutoff pond on Cheston Peninsula" Higman 946 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
88. Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith 1894 B&B.58
(Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 1859)
(Lophiocarpus calycinus Micheli 1881)
The correct nomenclature for the Magothy plants is unclear. Gleason & Cronquist (1991) show (1) S. calycina (Mississippi Arrow-head), syn. L. calycina; (2) S. spatulata (Tidal Sagittaria), syn. L. spatulatus and L. spongiosa. Heritage (1988, 1991) shows L. calycinus as the syn. for S. calycina, the "Spongy Lophotocarpus". This common name is confusing. Robinson & Fernald (1908) state that the leaves of L. spongiosus are "thick, spongy phyllodia". Also, Gray (1867) states that S. calycina var. spongiosa has "a loose or spongy texture". However, Gleason & Cronquist state that S. calycina has "petioles very spongy". Sagittaria is a plastic genus; although Sipple (1993) appears in error (L. calycinus is not L. spongiosus) perhaps they have been "lumped" as environmental forms. Considering the habitat, the plants may be the tidal L. spongiosus.
(Arrow-leaved Lophotocarpus, Large Lophotocarpus, Mississippi Arrowhead)
Emergent aquatic herb; most leaves hastate or sagitate, not spatulate. Perennial (Robinson & Fernald 1908), (Brown & Brown 1984) or annual (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Habitat: "Muddy banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Freshwater ponds or marshes" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Marshes, ponds, and streams" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Mostly coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Heritage Rating: (as S. calycina, "Spongy Lophotocarpus") 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Threatened.
Records: Head of Magothy 7/12/1986, 6/27/1987, 7/9/1988; second station 7/28/1991 [both as "Lophotocarpus spongiosus = Sagittaria calycina (spongy lophotocarpus)"; Sipple 1993]. Two sites at Headwaters of Magothy River (As Lophotocarpus calycinus; 10/31/91 Draft, Magothy River Vessel Management Plan, p.16 & Map 3)
89. Sagittaria lancifolia L. var. media Micheli
(Sagittaria falcata Pursh. 1814.) B&B.59
(Coastal Arrowhead, Scythe-fruited Sagittaria)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps" (Gray 1867). "Swamps and brackish waters" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Shore at Marley bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899). Church Creek, off South River 9/6/1972; Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/92 (As S. falcata; Sipple 1993). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park (As S. lancifolia, Longbottom).
Sightings: Chase Creek shore below lots 717 & 719. Sackett/Calvin
Gray property at Rock Cove. Saltmarsh by Cypress Creek Bog (As S. falcata, Longbottom 7/27/90, pc).
90. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. 1806. Shr.395, B&B.62
(Sagittaria variabilis Engelm., var. latifolia)
(Broadleaf Arrowhead, Broad-leaved Arrowhead)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In shallow water" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: South R. at Rt. 50, on the muddy shore 6/11/1966, Stieber (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, commonly growing in the Severn R. 6/11/1966, Stieber 21 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Five county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 6/19/1982, 5/11/1986; Severn Run between Route 3 and delta 6/14/1987; Sawmill Pond 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond). Mill Creek above Rt. 50. Truxtun Park. Swamp near 1924 Severn River bridge. Lower pond, Chartwell Golf Course, 7/16/1988. Lower Gumbottom/Plum Branch 10/15/1988.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
91. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. forma diversifolia (Engelm.) Robinson B&B: not listed.
(Sagittaria variabilis var. diversifolia Engelm. ex A. Gray 1867)
(Sagittaria brevirosta Mack & Bush 1905)
(Arrow-head) Native perennial herb.
Records: [as S. variabilis (brevirosta)] Between Glen Burnie and Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899).
92. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. var. pubescens (Muhl.) J. G. Smith 1894. B&B.62
[Sagittaria pubescens Muhl. 1813]
(Sagittaria sagittaria pubescens Torr. 1826)
[Sagittaria variabilis var. pubescens Engelm. ex A. Gray 1867]
(Hairy Arrow-head) Native perennial emergent aquatic herb.
Habitat: "In bogs and shallow water" (Britton & Brown 1913)..
Frequency: "Throughout the state, growing with the type" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "At Java Farm in Muddy Creek and in Fox Creek marsh" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm: infrequent on north fork of Muddy Creek & in fresh part of Fox Creek marsh" Higman 1056 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
23. Hydrocharitaceae (Frog's-bit Family)
93. Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Rich.
(Anacharis canadensis Planchon)
(Elodea canadensis Michx. 1803.) B&B.63
[Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britton 1895]
(Common Elodea, Canada Waterweed)
Submerged aquatic native perennial herb.
Habitat: Fresh to brackish water (0-10 ppt). "Slow streams and ponds" (Gray 1867). "Sluggish streams and ponds" (Strasbaugh & Core).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in the C&O Canal; frequent elsewhere in the Midland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Sillery Bay (north side of Magothy River) - See Northwest Quarter Map 24, Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985 by Orth et al. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/86, 6/1/1988 (Sipple 1993). Chartridge Pond 7/22/1989 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Downs Park, Forge Bridge, Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: "Reported in Rhode River" (Higman 1977).
94. Anacharis nuttallii Planch 1848)
[Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John] B&B.63
[Philotria nuttallii (Planch.) Rydb. 1908]
(Nuttall's Waterweed, Western Waterweed)
Native aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Fresh to slightly brackish water" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, floating in a marsh 10/23/1921, E. C. Leonard & E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Valentine Creek, abundant in water 1-5 ft. deep 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
95. Vallisneria americana Michx. B&B.63
(Vallisneria spiralis L. 1753 ) Shr.396
(Wild Celery, Water Celery, Tape-grass, Eel-grass)
Submerged aquatic perennial herb with long ribbon-like leaves.
Habitat: "The 'wild celery' of Chesapeake Bay, and a favorite food of the canvas-back duck" (Britton 1901). "In ponds and fresh and brackish streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Gravel-bottomed stream near Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905).
Sightings: Severn Run. Whitehall Creek below Gov. Sharpe's Millpond.
Order Graminales
24. Graminae (Grass Family)
96. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. 1812. Shr.404, B&B.190
(Triticum repens L. 1753)
(Common Quackgrass, Couch-grass, Witchgrass)
Blue-green aggressive unbranched perennial creeping by strong underground rhizomes. Common weed naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "Waste places, meadows and pastures" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). Sandy or gravelly soil. Riverbanks.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "A widespread, tenacious and obnoxious weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Patuxent R., near a railroad near Lemon's Bridge, NE of Bowie 7/4/1928 E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old field, Higman 829, 950 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
97. Agropyron trachycaulum (Link.) Malte 1932. B&B.190
(Triticum trachycaulum Link. 1833)
(Agropyron tenerum Vasey 1885)
(Bearded Wheatgrass) Native unbranched perennial.
Habitat: "Open sandy soils" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 7/21/1966, Stieber 44 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Sandy ground near Round Bay Bog 6/8/90, Longbottom 684 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
98. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. 1888. Shr.400, B&B.137
(Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. 1788)
(Ticklegrass, Rough Hairgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In dry or moist soil" (Britton 1901). "Open ground, fields, and waste places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "Dry or moist, poor soils of fields or woods and in bogs or brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Wayson's Corner, moist sandy bank of a pool 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
99. Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman 1843. Shr.400, B&B.135
(Cornucopiae perennans Walt. 1788)
(Upland Bent-grass, Autumn Bent-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In shaded, damp places" (Britton 1901) "In moist soil (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry open ground erect and rather stout; in shady places weak, with lax pale panicle..." (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "In dry or moist thickets, open woods, or unshaded areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Dorr's Corner, hanging over the edge of a bank of the Severn R. 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). N. of Ft. Meade, along roadside at entrance of Rt. 2 & the Balt-Wash Pkwy. 8/6/1966, Stieber 55 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Wayson's Corner, damp shady area 7/27/1966, Stieber 56 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent along Fox Creek ditch and in old field beside the dock road" Higman 324, 334 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
100: Agrostis stolonifera L. 1753 B&B.135
(Redtop) Native.
Habitat: "Moist grassy places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).
Frequency: "Spread from cultivation, now widely naturalized" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, tufted in sandy clay 6/27/1966, Stieber 58 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 7/1/1966, Stieber 57 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).
101. Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta Hartm. 1843. B&B.135
(Agrostis palustris Huds. 1762)
(Creeping Bentgrass, Carpet Bentgrass)
Low-growing, fine-bladed perennial creeping by long stolons. Cultivated on putting greens.
Habitat: "Shores and damp soils" (Stieber 1971).
Records: "Java Farm, solitary on bank of Muddy Creek tidal channel" Higman 989 (CBC) (As A. palustris; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
102. Agrostis stolonifera L. var. major (Gaud.) Farwell B&B.135
(Agrostis alba L. 1753) Shr.400
(Redtop, Redtop Grass) Blue-green perennial creeping by rhizomes.
Naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in fields and roadsides, especially in damp soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "In abandoned fields at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Throughout CBC, infrequent in recent old fields" Higman 858, 951 (As A. alba; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
DBT. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link. 1827. Shr.401, B&B: unlisted.
(Calamagrostis arenaria Roth. 1788)
(Arundo arenaria L. 1753)
(European Beachgrass, Sea Sandreed, Marram Grass) Tall perennial. Possible mis-identification; Higman (1977) does not include this species, but adds A. breviligulata at this location.
Habitat: "In sands of the seacoast" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; confined to the strand" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "One station at Ivy Neck, beach at Sand Point" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
103. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald 1920. B&B.131
(American Beachgrass) Coarse perennial.
Habitat: "Sand dunes along the coast" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). Beach sands and dunes of the ocean and bay shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in dense stands near a swamp of the Severn R. 5/5/1966, 9/9/1966, Stieber 54 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent on Sand Point beach" Higman 1153 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county strand station mapped by Sipple 1978. Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1967). US (Stieber 1971).
104. Andropogon scoparius Michx. 1803. Shr.396, B&B.77
[Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash 1903]
(Little Bluestem, Prairie Beardgrass, Broom Beardgrass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Prairies, open woods, dry hills, and fields" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "Dry fields and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959). "Throughout; common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, near shore of the Severn, associated with Phragmites 9/9/1966, Stieber 100 (LCU). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy area in a thicket 9/25/1966, Stieber 101 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, clay soil at edge of a moist woods" 10/3/1966, Stieber 99 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in fresher parts of Hog Island saltmarsh, Higman 287, 292, 302 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Fields near Astronomy Bldg., AACC (Longbottom, pc 1991). Woods at end of Oak Drive, off Beachwood Road (Longbottom, pc 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
105. Andropogon scoparius Michx. var. littoralis (Nash) Gould B&B.77
[Andropogon scoparius Michx. var. littoralis (Nash) Hitchc. 1906]
(Andropogon littoralis Nash 1901)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Moist sandy area" (Stieber 1971). "Dunes and sea-beaches"
(Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, edge of a field, sandy shaded area near a thicket 7/27/1966, Stieber 102 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
106. Andropogon ternarius Michx. 1803. B&B.77
(Silvery Beard-grass) Erect perennial.
Habitat: "In dry sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy woods and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Mostly on the Coastal Plain; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1994: S-3 - Watchlist.
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach
(Longbottom 1993).
107. Andropogon virginicus L. 1753. Shr.396, B&B.77
Assumed to be var. virginicus, which grows in dry soil; var. abbreviatus occurs in wet areas.
(Broomsedge, Virginia Broomsedge, Beardgrass)
Erect native perennial, 1.5 - 4 feet tall.
Habitat: "Dry or moist fields" (Britton 1901). "Open woods and old, depleted fields with dry, arid soils" (Brown & Brown 1984). Acidic soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Rt. 424 at Rt. 50, tufted with other grasses along the roadside 9/16/1966, Stieber 103 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Throughout CBC, moderately abundant to infrequent in old fields, also at Java Farm in Phalaris meadow" Higman 150 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Clearing near Ruckers Pond.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
108. Andropogon virginicus L. var.
abbreviatus (Hack.) Fernald & Griscom 1935. B&B.77
[Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. 1888] Shr.397
(Cinna glomerata Walt. 1788)
(Bushy Beardgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In moist soil and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Low moist ground; marshes and swamps" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "Wet soils on the Coastal Plain" (Brown& Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).Records: Savanna and cedar swamp at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980). Cypress Creek Savanna (As A. virginicus; Sipple & Klockner 1984).
109. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.117
(Sweet Vernal Grass)
Yellow-green low-growing perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields and meadows" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and
meadows" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields, waste places and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956). "More frequent in upland and Piedmont than on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, in a meadow 5/2/1966, Stieber 65 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in gravelly-clay along the railroad tracks 5/5/1966, Stieber 64 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck, solitary in garden at Colhoun's house" Higman 1155 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Open ground near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
110. Aristida curtissii (Gray) Nash 1901. B&B.123
(Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii A. Gray 1890)
(Curtis' Wiregrass, Curtis' Three-awn) Annual.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain and Midland...uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1994: SU - Status Undetermined.
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
111. Aristida purpurascens Poir. 1810. B&B.123
(Arrow-grass, Needlegrass, Arrowfeather, Purple Three-awn)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry, sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Mostly on the Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in sandy soil along the shore of the Severn 10/3/1966, Stieber 61 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
112. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Mert. and Koch 1823. B&B.137
[Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. 1823] Shr.401
(Avena elatior L. 1753)
(Tall Oatgrass) Tall perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "Old fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Rather infrequent, mostly in the Midland Zone" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent in old fields and along roads near building area" Higman 661, 716 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
113. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino 1912. B&B.76
Slender annual grass introduced from Asia.
Habitat: "Ditch banks and moist soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Occasional" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jacobsville Park, Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Wet woods border of Marley swamp, downstream of Route 100
(Longbottom pc 1991).
114. Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Chapm. 1860. B&B.23,196
Arundinaria tecta (Walt.) Muhl. 1817. Shr.404
(Arundinaria gigantea tecta Scribn. 1893)
(Arundo tecta Walt. 1788)
(Switch-cane, Giant Cane, Southern Cane)
Shreve (1910), Hotchkiss & E. C, Leonard, A. V. P. Smith (1940), and Sipple & Klockner
(1984) identified local plants as A. tecta, but Brown & Brown (1984), Riefner & Hill (1983),
and others consider A. tecta an environmental form of A. gigantea. Hitchcock & Chase (1950)
hold that A. tecta extends n. to s. Md., but A. gigantea only to N.C.
Tall slightly woody native perennial.
Habitat: "Swampy woods, moist pine barrens...and sandy margins of streams" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "In damp woods or swamps on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Transitional thickets surrounding bogs.
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Threatened.
1994: S-1 Highly State Rare. Threatened.
Records: (1) "Stony Run (Robert K. Miller)" (See Shreve et al 1910). Stony Run
5/1/1937 Smith s.n. US (See Riefner & Hill 1983).
(2) Near Glen Burnie; "...reaches its known northern limit at the well-known station at Stony Run ...the writer has found a new station near Glen Burnie...not so far north, however, as the Stony Run station" (A. V. Smith 1940).
(3) E. side of Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, 5/25/1956, E. C. Leonard 21010 (US) (Stieber 1967, Riefner & Hill 1983). Patuxent River & Rt. 50, wooded slope 8/18/1960, Neil Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
(4) Woodland near Eagle Hill Bog (Riefner & Hill 1983), (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(5) South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984; Sipple 1999, p.376).
(6) Three sites in upper watershed of Lake Waterford near Woodland Road 11/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
(7) A station beside Mountain Road was threatened by a State Highways project about 1992 (source uncertain).
(8) Cockey Creek. Upland adjacent to cedar swamp. "the largest area of giant cane...I have observed on the Western Shore" (Sipple 1999, p.365).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
115. Avena sativa L. 1753. B&B.145
(Cultivated Oats) Erect annual; native of Europe and Asia.
Habitat: "Around barnyards or along roadways, sprouting from spilled grain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Waste places, not persistent.
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Wayson's Corner, in a wet ditch with brome grasses 6/11/1966, Stieber 51 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
116. Bromus commutatus Schrad. 1806. B&B.151
(Upright Chess, Hairy Chess, Brome Grass)
Annual or biennial, naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "A weed in fields and waste places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).
Frequency: "A common weed in fields and waste places" (Fogg 1956). "Common weed, in grain fields, widespread" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Infrequent along roads at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road and Fox Point Road" Higman 788, 891 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
117. Bromus inermis Leyss. 1761. B&B.153
(Smooth Brome, Awnless Brome-grass)
Blue-green perennial introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides, ditch-banks and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984). Used as a pasture grass.
Frequency: "Known from Howard and Prince George's Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Wayson's Corner off Rt. 4, dense stands of other brome grasses, near a damp ditch 6/11/1966, 6/27/1966, Stieber 22 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck, solitary by tractor trail" Higman 854 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971)
118. Bromus japonicus Thunb. 1784. B&B.151
(Japanese Bromegrass, Japanese Chess)
Annual adventive from Europe.
Habitat: "Weed in waste places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "Roadsides and waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Uncommon, but known from Washington, Prince George's, Howard and Talbot Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 23 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, solitary in old field south of Fox Creek marsh" Higman 890 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
119. Bromus racemosus L. 1762. Shr.404, B&B.151
(Smooth Bromegrass, Smooth Cheat, Upright Chess)
Erect annual naturalized from Europe. 1-3 feet high.
Habitat: "Fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Weed: "widely known in fields and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, damp lawn about 4 yards from the bank of the Severn R. 6/1/1966, Stieber 24 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, in broken pavement on Fox Point Road" Higman 1112 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
120. Bromus sterilis L. 1753. B&B.148
(Barren Bromegrass) Annual naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In waste places, weedy" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Uncommon; mostly on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
121. Bromus tectorum L. 1753. B&B.148
(Downy Chess, Downy Brome-grass)
Slender, erect annual or winter annual. Native of southern Europe.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil, especially along railroads and roadsides" (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides and waste places, abundant" (Stieber 1971). "In dry fields and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A common weed, mostly on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hills Bridge at Wayson's Corner, gravelly roadside 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, clumps in sandy-clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 25 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
122. Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Bart. 1818 B&B.133
[Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Scribn. 1895] Shr.401
(Arundo cinnoides Muhl. 1817)
(Reed Bentgrass, Nuttall's Reed-grass)
Tall erect unbranched perennial.
Habitat: "Bogs, moist soils and salt meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
123. Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. 1840.
[Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald 1943] B&B.83
[Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. var. longispinus (Hack.) Fernald.
[Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. var. longispinus (Hack.) Jensen & Wachter 1949]
(Cenchrus echinatus L. forma longispina Hack. 1903)
(Field Sandbur)
Low-growing, yellow-green, much-branched, spreading annual or perennial.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil of river banks and beaches" (Brown & Brown 1984). Roadsides and fields.
Frequency: A weed (Jaques 1959). "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, sandy area near a field
5/21/1966 & 9/2/1966, Stieber 97 & 98 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
124. Cenchrus tribuloides L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.83
(Common Sandbur, Dune Sandbur, Bur-grass, Sandspur)
Low native annual.
Habitat: "On sandy shores and in waste places" (Britton 1901). "On beaches and sand-dunes of the Atlantic coast" (Fogg 1956). "Sandy open places, especially beaches" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "A vile weed" (Gray 1967). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common on coastal sands; sometimes a weed in sandy, cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.192).
Records: Sandy Point Park, sandy beach of Chesapeake Bay 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent on Sand Point beach, Higman 1013 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
125. Cinna arundinacea L. 1753. Shr.400, B&B.133
(Wood Reedgrass, Stout Woodreed, Sweet Reed-grass)
Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "In moist woods and swamps" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent in a valley of Muddy Creek and in an old field at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent on floodplain of Muddy Creek north fork" Higman 66, 85, 134 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bacon Ridge Park, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Lake Waterford Park, Wet woods border of Marley Swamp below Rt. 100, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason, Longbottom, Swarth 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
126. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1805. B&B.182
(Panicum dactylon L. 1753)
[Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze] Shr.401
(Bermuda Grass, Wire Grass)
Naturalized from Europe. Low perennial (sometimes an annual) creeping by rhizomes and stolons. Excellent turfgrass in southern states.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Pastures, waste places, and cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984). Lawns and roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed "aggressive" (Fogg 1956). A weed (Jacques 1959).
Records: Near the railroad at the Patuxent R., NE of Bowie 7/4/1925, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in cracked pavement at building area, Higman 823 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
127. Dactylis glomerata L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.177
(Orchardgrass) Bluish-green perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Fields and yards, especially in shade" (Gray 1867).
"Essentially a plant of dry soils" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, waste places and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, near a field and along the roadsides 5/21/1966, Stieber 37 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along roads, Higman 640, 1107 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Lake Waterford Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Tar Cove Golf Course, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
128. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 1817. Shr.401, B&B.145
(Avena spicata L. 1753)
(Poverty Grass, Common Wild Oat-grass, White Oatgrass)
Native, fine-bladed tufted perennial.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Marshy areas" (Stieber 1971). "Meadows, old pastures, and neglected fields" (Jaques 1959). "In open woods or, especially, on old pastures and meadows too poor to grow broomsedge" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Java Farm, solitary near marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent along upper Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 787, 843, 872 (CBC) (Higman 1977). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
129. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. 1836. Shr.401, B&B.143
(Aira flexuosa L. 1753)
(Wavy Hair-grass, Crinkled Hairgrass, Common Hairgrass)
Slender, erect, native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry soils, open or woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Shady to open areas at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, moderately abundant at Fox Point (seems characteristic under Quercus prinus canopy on dry sites); infrequent along Fox Point Road" Higman 435, 645, 802 (CBC) (Higman 1977). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist Summer 2001).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
130. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var. acuminatum B&B.98
(Panicum lanuginosum Ell.)
(Panicum huachucae Ashe)
[Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fernald]
(Hairy Panic Grass)
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Unpaved road through a wood at Ivy Neck" (As P. lanuginosum var. fasciculatum; Stieber 1971). "Ivy Neck, solitary on old logging road in hardwood forest on Scaffold Peninsula" Higman 841 (CBC) (As P. lanuginosum var. fasciculatum; Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (As P. lanuginosum; Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC.
131. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark var.
implicatum (Scribn.) Gould & Clark B&B.100
(Panicum leucothrix Nash 1897)
(Slender-stemmed Panic-grass, Roughish Panic-grass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Wet woods, swamps and dry areas" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Damp sandy pine woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Piedmont and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, moist sandy soil in pine-oak woods 6/7/1966, Stieber 81 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. leucothrix; Stieber 1971).
132. Dichanthelium acuminatum var. lindheimeri B&B.100
[Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fernald 1934]
(Panicum lindheimeri Nash 1897)
(Lindheimer's Panic-grass)
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry sandy or sterile woods or open ground" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).
Records: Smithsonian property (As P. lindheimeri; see index to CBC
herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
133. Dichanthelium acuminatum var. villosum (A. Gray) Gould & Clark B&B.100
(Panicum villosissimum Nash) Perennial.
Habitat: "Mostly in dry woods and sandy sites" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary at forest margin of cornfield on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 925 (CBC) (As P. villosissimum; Higman 1977). (Hancock's Resolution (As P. villosissimum; Envirens 1991).
Sightings: "Stevens Farm, infrequent in old field at east end" (As P. villosissum; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
134. Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & Clark var.
molle (Vasey) Hitchcock & Chase. B&B.105
[Panicum boscii Poir. var. molle (Vasey) Hitchc. & Chase 1908]
(Panicum latifolium L. var. molle Vasey ex Ward 1881)
(Bosc's Panic Grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy R. Swamp Valley, along a trail through oak-pine woods 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy area near edge of pine-oak woods 7/21/1966, Stieber 76 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (As P. boscii var. molle; Stieber 1971).
135. Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould Shr.398, B&B.102
(Panicum clandestinum L. 1753).
(Deer-tongue grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Low thickets and river-banks" (Gray 1867). "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woodlands, waste places, and along roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant in both dry and moist habitats, but especially the latter, e.g., Fox Creek ditch and Muddy Creek floodplain" Higman 87, 308 (CBC) (As P. clandestinum; Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993, p.431). Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (As P. clandestinum; Stieber 1971).
136. Dichanthelium commutatum (Schultes) Gould B&B.102
(Panicum commutatum Schultes 1824)
(Variable Panic-grass, Hispid Panicum) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In thickets" (Britton 1901). Dry woods and thickets.
Records: "One station on creek shore at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary on shaded west bank of Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 848 (CBC) (As P. commutatum; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As P. commutatum; Stieber 1971).
137. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould B&B.105
[Panicum dichotomum L. var.
[Barbulatum (Michx.) Wood 1861]
(Panicum barbulatum Michx. 1803) Shr.398
Brown & Brown (p.105) consider P. barbulatum a syn. of Dichanthelium dichotomum;
Hitchcock & Chase hold that P. barbulatum & P. dichotomum intergrade, but are separate.
The following entries all refer to barbulatum, (sp. or var.).
(Barbed Panic Grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Moist soil" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Thin woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (As P. barbulatum; Shreve et al 1910)
Records: Shadyside, in a woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1967). Dorr's Corner, near a bridge over the Severn" 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (As var. barbulatum; Stieber 1971)
138. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould B&B.105
(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex Ell. 1816, not P. microcarpon Muhl. 1817, which is D.
sphaerocarpon var. isophyllum, syn. P. polyanthes) Shr.397
Brown & Brown (p.105) consider P. microcarpon to be a syn. of Dichanthelium
dichotomum; Hitchcock & Chase hold that P. microcarpon and P. dichotomum are separate
species. The following entries all refer to Panicum microcarpon.
(Small-fruited Panic-grass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry or moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet woods and swampy places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Headwater of Magothy R., along a stream in a thicket 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, tufted in sand 8/6/1966, 9/2/1966, Stieber 84 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island tidal marsh near upland margin; Ivy Neck, infrequent on shaded west bank of Cheston Creek estuary" Higman 303, 446, 847 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
139. Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould var.
ensifolium (Baldwin) Gould & Clark B&B.105
(Panicum ensifolium Baldwin 1817).
(Small-leaved Panic-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Borders of cranberry bogs, s. N.J., low pine lands southw." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Heritage Rating: C (State declining)(As P. ensifolium).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (As P. ensifolium; Sipple & Klockner 1984).
140. Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & Clark B&B.102
(Panicum latifolium L. 1753).
(Broad-leaved Panic-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "Rocky woods and sand dunes" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Sandy moist areas" (Stieber 1971). "Dry or moist open woods of the Piedmont" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. latifolium; Stieber 1971)
141. Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould B&B.95
(Panicum laxiflorum Lam. 1797)
(Panicum xalapense H.B.K. 1816)
Britton & Brown 1913 give P. xalapense as a syn. of P. laxiflorum Lam.; Hitchcock &
Chase 1950 hold them separate.
(Lax-flowered Panic-grass)
Habitat: "Woods" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "D. laxiflorum...moist or dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "D. laxiflorum...A southern species, rare and little known in Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: (As P. laxiflorum) 1988: B1 (Regionally Rare). 1991: Status Uncertain.
Records: Smithsonian property (As P. xalapense; see index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC.
142. Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould B&B.95
(Panicum linearifolium Scribn. 1898). Shr.398
(Low White-haired Panic-grass, Low Panic Grass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry or stony soils, usually in open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: NE of Bowie, along a dry roadside near pine woods, vic. of Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 8/12/1866, Stieber 82 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (As P. linearifolium; Stieber 1971).
ADD: Dichanthelium meridionale
(Matting Rosette-grass)
Records: BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
143. Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & Clark
var. addisonii (Nash) Gould & Clark. B&B.105
(Panicum addisonii Nash)
(Panicum commonsianum Ashe 1898)
(Common's Panic-grass, Low Stiff panic Grass)
Habitat: "On dry sandy ridges along the coast" (Britton 1901). "Along the coast, mostly on dunes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare) (As P. commonsianum). 1991: Rare.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County (As P. commonsianum) by Matthews 1987.
144. Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould B&B.98
(Panicum ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. 1901)
(Ravenel's Panic-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Moist sandy or rocky woods" (Stieber 1971). "Dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining) (As P. ravenelii). 1991:
Watchlist.
Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 86 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. ravenelii; Stieber 1971).
145. Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & Clark var. thinum (Hitchcock & Chase)
Gould & Clark B&B.105
(Panicum columbianum Scribn. var. thinum Hitch. & Chase 1908)
(Panicum unciphyllum thinum Hitch. & Chase 1906)
(Panicum columbianum Scribn. 1897) Shr.398
(American Panic-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "On sand dunes and beaches, and in moist woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 78 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. columbianum; Stieber 1971).
146. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould B&B.100
(Panicum scoparium Lam. 1798)
(Panicum viscidum Ell.)
(Panicum pubescens Lam.) Shr.398
(Velvety Panic Grass, Broom Panic Grass) Tall erect perennial.
Habitat: "Damp soil" (Gray 1867). "Moist soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Common; most abundant in the wet soils of eastern Maryland and the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Tentative identification: Chase Creek watershed (clearing by Ruckers Pond).
147. Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould var.
isophyllum (Scribn.) Gould & Clark B&B.100
(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. var. isophyllum Scribn. 1894)
(Panicum polyanthes Schultes 1824)
(Panicum microcarpon Muhl. 1817, not P. microcarpon Muhl. ex 1816, which is now held
to be D. dichotomum) Shr.397
(Small-fruited Panic-grass) Native perennial. B&B p.100.
Habitat: "In dry woods and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Woods and thickets, sandy areas" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 85 (LCU) (As P. polyanthes; Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. polyanthes; Stieber 1971).
148. Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. 1817. B&B.87
(Panicum ischaemum Schreb. 1804)
(Smooth Crabgrass, Small Crabgrass)
Low growing annual naturalized from Europe. Leaves glabrous.
Habitat: "In cultivated soil, lawns or waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: A lawn weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A very common weed
throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Infrequent at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along Fox Point Road and Springhouse Road, Higman 27, 387 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Downs Park, Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
149. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 1772. B&B.87
(Panicum sanguinale L. 1753)
[Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Nash Shr.397
(Crabgrass)
Spreading blue-green annual weed naturalized from Europe. Leaves hairy.
Habitat: "Lawns, gardens, and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: A lawn weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A very common, troublesome weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (As S. sanguinalis; M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424 7/21/1966, Stieber 69 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 67 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 8/6/1966, Stieber 66 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy-clay 8/8/1966, Stieber 68 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
150. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene 1887. Shr.402, B&B.175
(Uniola spicata L. 1753)
(Marsh Spike-grass, Alkali-grass) Native erect perennial.
Habitat: "In salt marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Often co-dominant with Spartina patens or Scirpus olneyi" (Higman 1977).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sandy Point Park, in a mucky salt marsh, dominant stiff grass 9/4/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). CBC, abundant to moderately abundant in tidal marshes, Higman 52 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fourteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Ross Cove of Magothy R. 9/28/91 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
151. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. B&B.55
(Panicum crus-galli L. 1753 Shr.397
Coarse, sprawling, purple-tinged annual introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "Moist, chiefly manured soil" (Gray 1867). "A common weed of cultivated ground and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (As P. crus-galli; M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Beverly-Triton Beach, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
152. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm. 1838. B&B.85
(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. var. mite Pursh 1814)
(Barnyard Grass)
Habitat: "Cultivated ground and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common weed...over most of Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Dorr's Corner, on a roadside embankment 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
153. Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fernald B&B.85
(Echinochloa pungens Rydb. 1931]
(Panicum pungens Poir. 1816)
(Barnyard Grass) Coarse native annual.
Habitat: "Wet soils and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984). Rich wet soil.
Frequency: "Variable and common" (Stieber 1971). "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, tufted in sand 8/6/1966, Stieber 89 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a dried pond 9/2/1966, Stieber 90 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent at cornfield margins and near hog pond at source of Cheston Creek, Higman 174, 255 (CBC) (As E. pungens; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (As E. pungens; Stieber 1971).
154. Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Nash 1901. B&B.85
(Panicum walteri Pursh 1814) Shr.397
(Salt-marsh Cockspur-grass) Native annual.
Habitat: "Shallow water, marshes and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Upper limit of a saltmarsh on Muddy Creek, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in tidal marsh at head of Muddy Creek channel, Higman 541 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
155. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 1788. Shr.402, B&B.182
(Cynosurus indicus L. 1753)
(Wiregrass, Yardgrass, Goose Grass)
Ascending to prostrate dark-green annual forming a wiry, tough rosette. Common weed naturalized from the Old World.
Habitat: Moist, rich soil. Open cultivated areas. "Fields, dooryards, and waste places" (Britton 1901). Lawns, gardens, crevices, waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Among the most despised of all lawn and garden weeds" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy-clay 8/8/1966, Stieber 62 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, solitary in rubble at building area (site now destroyed); Ivy Neck, infrequent near hog pond at source of Cheston Creek" Higman 499, 1001 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
156. Elymus villosus Muhl. 1809 B&B.194
(Wild Rye) Slender ascending perennial.
Habitat: "Rocky woods and banks" (Gray 1867). "Moist or dry woods or shaded slopes" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).
Records: "Abundant at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in moderately moist, shaded sites; Java Farm, on hilltop with old house, adjacent Howat farm; Ivy Neck, infrequent by streams" Higman 831, 850, 865, 871 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
157. Elymus virginicus L. 1753. Shr.404, B&B.194
(Terrell Grass, Virginia Wild Rye) Native perennial.
Habitat: "River-banks" (Gray 1867). "Moist forests and flood plains"
(Shreve et al 1910). "In moist soil, especially along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: ""Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Dry sandy sites near salt marshes at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent on dry, sandy sites near tidal marshes (e.g., above Sand point on Cheston Peninsula" Higman 225, 227, 1108 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four county strand stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Forge Bridge, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
158. Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees 1829. B&B.170
(Poa hirsuta Michx. 1803)
(Stout Love-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984). Dry fields, thickets and woodlands.
Frequency: "Rare; found in Calvert County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/U (Highly state rare, status uncertain). 1991: Highly Rare.
Records: Manresa, sandy shore of the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 34 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
159. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees B&B.172
(Poa pectinacea Michx.)
(Lovegrass, Pinkgrass)
Habitat: "Moist soils, waste places and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal and Midland Zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in cracked pavement at building area, Higman 911 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
160. Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. 1840. B&B.170
(Poa spectabilis Pursh 1814)
(Purple Lovegrass, Tumble Grass)
Tough-rooted native perennial. "The entire plant turns a bright reddish-purple when mature. Fields solidly occupied...are a conspicuous and attractive feature of the autumn landscape" (Fogg 1956).
Habitat: "Open sandy areas" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956). "Common throughout, except Mountain Zone, more abundant on sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, open sandy area, purplish 9/2//1966, Stieber 35 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant to infrequent along Fox Point Road, Higman 26, 365 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Jacobsville Park, Kinder Park, Tar Cove Golf Course (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
161. Festuca elatior L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.156
(Meadow Fescue, Tall Fescue)
Perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Rich grass-land" (Gray 1867). "In waste and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields and moist soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Abandoned field at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field, Higman 809 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
162. Festuca myuros L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.157
[Vulpia myuros (L.) K. Gmel. 1805]
(Rat-tail Fescue) Annual naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In dry pine forests and open sandy situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Waste places and dry fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Shadyside, dry open woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Wayson's Corner off Rt. 4, dry roadside area, near a field 6/11/1966, Stieber 26 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in cracked pavemnet on Fox Point Road, Higman 807 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
163. Festuca octoflora Walt. 1788. Shr.403, B&B.157
Maryland plants belong to var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald (See Brown & Brown 1984).
(Fescue)
Habitat: Dry, sandy, nearly sterile soil. "In dry woods and open sandy situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, moist soil along with Poa nemoralis L., near the Severn R. 6/1/1966, Stieber 28 (LCU) (As var. tenella; Stieber 1967). Patuxent River at Rt. 50, sandy-clay along road 6/7/1966, Stieber 27 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on west bank of Cheston Creek, Higman 742 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (As var. tenella; Stieber 1967). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
164. Festuca paradoxa Desv. 1831. B&B.157
(Fescue) Perennial.
Habitat: "Prairies, low open ground and thickets" (Hitchcock & Chase
1950). "Open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Known from Garrett County and the Susquehanna Valley; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: "At an entrance road at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary by new entrance road, Higman 833 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
165. Festuca rubra L. 1753. B&B.157
(Red Fescue, Fine Fescue)
Tufted, fine-bladed native perennial. Cultivars used as an excellent shady lawn grass.
Habitat: "Meadows, hills, bogs, and marshes" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). Shady lawns.
Records: "Infrequent along a road at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent on springhouse road, Higman 1109, 1110 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
166. Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. 1831. B&B.161
[Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze. 1891]
(Briza canadensis Michx. 1803)
(Rattlesnake Grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Bogs and wet places" (Gray 1867). "Wet soils of bogs, meadows, and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Swamps, marshes, and wet woods.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
167. Glyceria canadensis var. laxa (Scribn.) Hitchc. 1934.
(Glyceria laxa Scribn. 1894) B&B.161
(Panicularia laxa Scribn. 1894)
(Manna Grass)
Habitat: "Bogs, swamps, and wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Infrequent on the Coastal Plain; in D.C. area, Midland, and Mountain Zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy River, bank of a stream 7/2/90, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1967).
168. Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. 1831. B&B.161
[Panicularia obtusa (Muhl.) Kuntze. 1891] Shr.403
(Poa obtusa Muhl. 1817)
(Blunt Manna-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Bogs" (Gray 1867). "Shallow water and wet, sandy or peaty soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: North county (Plitt 7/19/1899). Dorr's Corner, marsh along the Severn R. at a Lygodium station 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cove of Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993, p.321). Savanna of Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/90, Longbottom 952 (AACC). Shore of Litz Lake at Lakeland Road 7/20/90, Longbottom 886 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993, p.439).
Sightings: Cattail Creek, beside pond above Ritchie Highway (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
169. Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. 1906. B&B.161
(Floating Mannagrass, Sweet Grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Shallow water or wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Moist, grazed woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in shaded pasture at head of Cheston Creek, Higman 735 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
170. Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. 1928. B&B.163
(Poa striata Lam. 1791)
[Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.403
(Glyceria nervata Trin.)
(Poa nervata Willd. 1797)
(Fowl Meadow Grass, Nerved Mannagrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Moist meadows" (Gray 1867). "In wet places" (Britton 1901). "Moist meadows and wet places" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950). Open swamps and marshes.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hill's Bridge at Wayson's Corner, floodbank of Patuxent R. 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3 s. of Rt. 424, in a low pond-like area with Scirpus, Carex, Juncus, & Typha 6/20/66, Stieber 29 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in moist woods and stream valleys, esp. in pasture at head of Cheston Creek (Ivy Neck) and beside Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road (Java Farm), Higman 180, 730 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
171. Holcus lanatus L. 1753. Shr.401, B&B.137
(Velvetgrass, Meadow or Wooly Soft-grass)
Perennial naturalized from Europe. Soft gray pubescence throughout.
Habitat: "Moist meadows" (Gray 1867). "Sandy clays" (Stieber 1971). "Waste places, meadows and pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "A rather widely scattered and persistent weed" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy-clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 52 (LCU) (Stieber 1967): Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy-clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 52 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, sandy-clay soil near a thicket 7/27/1966, Stieber 57 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on Springhouse Road, Higman 800 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Friendship Pond Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park, "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU.
172. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Shr.404, B&B.192
(Little Barley) Native annual, 5-15 inches high..
Habitat: "It prefers dry soil" (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides, etc. in sandy soils" (Stieber 1971). "Beaches and salt meadows on the Coastal Plain; also in dry, sterile soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "An occasional weed" (Fogg 1956). "Frequent, on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, common along the roadside, sandy-clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 49 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary by tractor trail on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 697 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
173. Hystrix patula Moench 1794. B&B.196
[Hystrix hystrix (L.) Millsp. 1892] Shr.404
(Gymnostichum hystrix Schreb.)
(Elymus hystrix L. 1762)
(Bottle-brush Grass) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: Dry or moist soils. "Moist woodlands" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "vicinity Great Falls...known elsewhere only from the Upper Midland District and the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910, p. 88). "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on low shaded bank bordering Sand Point marsh on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 940 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Sand Point at Ivy Neck, one station" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
174. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz 1788. B&B.115
[Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. 1776] Shr.399
(Phalaris oryzoides L. 1753)
(Rice-cutgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In swamps, marshes and open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in fresh part of Fox Creek marsh, Higman 246 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Fresh water of Fox Creek marsh" (Stieber 1971). Nine county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Marsh at Severn Run 6/19/1982 (Sipple 1993, p.61). Severn Run below Rt. 3, 9/18/1983 (Sipple 1993, p.149). Cypress Creek Savanna, Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993, p.320). Marsh, head of Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993, p. 322). Marley Creek Swamp, below Rt. 100, 9/30/1990, Longbottom 1294 (AACC).
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
175. Leersia virginica Willd. 1797. B&B.115
[Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton 1889] Shr.399
(Asprella virginica R & S 1817)
(Virginia Cutgrass, Whitegrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Wet woods" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Magothy River swamp, in a thicket 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent along shaded streams, e.g., Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road, and along Fox Creek ditch; also solitary in old field" Higman 141, 188, 326 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
176. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray B&B.182
(Festuca fascicularis Lam.)
(Long-awned Diplachne, Feather Grass) Annual.
Habitat: "Brackish meadows" (Gray 1867). "Brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: Endangered Extirpated. Not observed in Maryland since before 1950. 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
177. Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase B&B.87
(Panicum cognatum Schultes 1824)
(Fall Witchgrass, Diffuse Crabgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry soil and sand hills" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: Endangered Extirpated. Not observed in Maryland since before 1950. 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: "Found in Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Academy Junction, 28 July 1931, Norton s.n. (MARY) (see Riefner & Hill 1983). In the houseyard at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: MARY.
178. Lolium multiflorum Lam. 1778. B&B.188
(Annual Ryegrass, Awned Ryegrass, Italian Ryegrass)
Tufted, apple-green annual. Naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Fields and roadsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Waysons Corner, near a wet ditch with brome grasses & Avena 6/11/1966, Stieber 50 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "W" Section of Fort Meade (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
179. Lolium perenne L. 1753. Shr.404, B&B.188
(Perennial Ryegrass, Common Darnel)
Dark green tufted perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Lawn weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: "Fields and roadsides at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, by fence adjacent to Howat farm; Ivy Neck, solitary near old house (now destroyed) above head of Scaffold Creek" Higman 769, 863 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Kinder Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
180. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus.
[Eulalia viminea (Trin) Ktze.] B&B.73
"Straggling annual...native of tropical Asia" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Habitat: "Waste places, roadsides and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Sparingly introduced from N. J., Pa., and O. southward"
(Gleason & Cronquist 1991). "Occasionally abundant. Reported for Harford County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Bacon Ridge Park, Broad Creek Park, Downs Park, Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
181. Miscanthus sinensis Anders. B&B.73
(Japanese Silver Grass)
Tall (6-8 ft.) introduced perennial ornamental. Also called pampas grass, which is a separate species, Cortaderia selloana.
Habitat: "...naturalized in thickets, old fields, along roadsides, and near old home sites" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "...over most of the State; infrequent". (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
182. Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel. 1791. B&B.125
(Nimblewill, Drop-seed, Wire-grass)
Slender decumbent or prostrate native blue-green perennial.
Habitat: "Dry woods, hillsides and waste places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Pastures, roadsides and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "An obnoxious weed" (Fogg 1956). "Often a weed in lawns or waste places ...Common in all zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along Fox Creek ditch, Higman 309, 318, 348 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Java Farm; infrequent along drainage of Fox Creek" (Stieber 1971). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
183. Muhlenbergia schreberi var. palustris Scribn. 1907. B&B.125
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Swampy ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
County Occurrence: "Reported from...Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
PANICUM: Many species once listed in the genus Panicum are now considered within Dichanthelium, and may be found under that genus.
These include: P. barbulatum, P. boscii, P. clandestinum, P. columbianum,
P. commonsianum, P. commutatum, P. ensifolium, P. huachucae, P. lanuginosum, P. latifolium, P. leucothrix, P. linearifolium, P. microcarpon, P. polyanthes,
P. ravenelii, P. scoparium, and P. villosissimum.
184. Panicum agrostoides Spreng. 1815. B&B.110
(Red-top Panic-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Wet meadows and shores" (Gray 1867). "Sandy or peaty shores and meadows" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist soil 9/23/1966, Stieber 73 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
185. Panicum amarum Ell. 1817. Shr.398, B&B.113
(Smaller Sea-beach Grass, Seabeach Panicum) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Sandy seashores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Common on shores and dunes along the coast" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County" (Shreve et al 1910, p.398).
Records: Turkey Point (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.187). Sandy Point Park, sandy beach 9/14/1966, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
186. Panicum anceps Michx. 1803. B&B.110
(Beaked Panicgrass, Flat-stemmed Panicgrass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Wet sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "Swamps and low woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common on the Piedmont, less so on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, moist sandy soil near shore of the Severn 8/8/1966, 9/9/1966, 10/3/1966, Stieber 75 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Entrance of Balt-Wash. Pkwy. north of Ft. Meade 8/12/1966, Stieber 74 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in swampy woods between Muddy Creek north fork and Phalaris meadow, Higman 181, 474, 1111 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Patuxent Community Pond (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
187. Panicum capillare L. 1753. Shr.398, B&B.108
(Old Witch-grass)
Coarse, tufted, soft-hairy native annual. 1-2 feet high.
Habitat: "In dry soil and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Open sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3 S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 9/23/1966, Stieber 77 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in small old field north of building area, Higman 539 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU, US (Stieber 1971).
188. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 1803. B&B.108
(Fall Panic-grass, Fall Panicum, Spreading Witch-grass)
Smooth-leaved, much-branching native annual.
Habitat: "Low waste grounds and cultivated fields" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Low ground and near rivers and saltmarshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: A weed of gardens and truck crops (Fogg 1956). "A common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, 2-3 m. high growth near the Severn shore 6/1/1966, Stieber 79 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy area 9/2/1966, Stieber, s.n. (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at border of tidal marsh along Muddy Creek channel, Higman 290 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Downs park, Kinder Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: "Parkhurst, abundant in cultivated cornfields; Stevens Farm, moderately abundant in recent old fields" (postscript, Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
189. Panicum lucidum Ashe 1898. B&B: Not listed.
(Bog Panic-grass) Native. See Britton & Brown 1913, p.149.
Habitat: "Wet woods and sphagnum swamps" (Hitchcock & Chase 1950).
Records: NE of Bowie, lane through a swampy woods, Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., along wooded trail to fresh pond, oak-pine woods 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
190. Panicum verrucosum Muhl. 1817. Shr.399, B&B.108
(Warty Panic-grass) Native annual.
Habitat: "Sandy swamps" (Gray 1867). "Moist sandy soil" (Stieber 1971). "Moist woods or sandy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy soil, moist 9/23/1966, Stieber 88 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
191. Panicum virgatum L. 1753. Shr.398, B&B.110
(Switch-grass) Native.
Habitat: "Moist sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "Most abundant along the inner edges of fresh and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Eight county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Old field at Chartridge 11/14/1982 (Sipple 1993, p.79). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Brackish marsh at Rhode River 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993, p.244). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993, p.431). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Cattail Creek, Maynadier Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).
192. Panicum virgatum L. var. spissum Linder 1922. B&B.110
Native.
Records: "In saltmarshes at Ivy Neck and Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
"Throughout CBC, infrequent to abundant in tidal marshes, often dominant in stands near upland margins" Higman 89, 344 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
193. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. 1803. Shr.397. B&B: unlisted.
(Ciliate-leaved Paspalum)
Much branching native perennial.
Habitat: "In sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: A southern species. "N.J. to Fla., Minn., Kans. & Tex."
(Hitchcock & Chase 1950). "A weed...rather common from Maryland southward" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Entrance of Balt-Wash Pkwy., N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966 Stieber 70 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens
1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
194. Paspalum floridanum Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91
(Florida Paspalum) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "Low ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Plants typical of the species are infrequent in Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, sandy shores of the Severn 8/8/1966, 10/3/1966, Stieber 71 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
195. Paspalum floridanum var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey B&B.91
(Florida Paspalum) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "In sandy soils and fresh or brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent near the coast" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on Fox Point Road, also in Hog Island tidal marsh, Higman 18, 299 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
196. Paspalum laeve Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91
(Field Paspalum) Coarse yellow-green native perennial.
Habitat: "In moist fields" (Britton 1901). "Sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist soil, in open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent, a south-facing slope, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, solitary on south slope above Phalaris meadow (probably now smothered by woody vines)" Higman 165 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971)
197. Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. B&B.91
(Paspalum)
Habitat: "Moist or wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: "reported from Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
198. Paspalum setaceum Michx. 1803. Shr.397, B&B.91
(Slender Paspalum) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "In dry fields" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy soil, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Mostly coastal; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy roadside area 7/1/1966, Stieber 72 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in yard of burned house on Springhouse Road, Higman 386 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
199. Phalaris arundinacea L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.117
(Reed Canary-grass)
Coarse native perennial spreading by thick rhizomes.
Habitat: "Shores and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Abundant in marshes at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, abundant in marshy 5-acre meadow north of building area (persistent after cultivation), spreading to roadsides near building area, Higman 149, 772 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
200. Phleum pratense L. 1753. Shr.400, B&B.129
(Common Timothy)
Coarse bluish-green perennial from Europe, cultivated for hay, and naturalized.
Habitat: "Meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Weedy...takes possession of cleared land...will soon exhaust any soil in which it is allowed to persist" (Fogg 1956). "Common along roadsides, fields, etc." (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, common along roads 6/11/1966, 7/27/1966, Stieber 59 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity St. James Church, near a field 7/27/1966, Stieber 60 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent in grassy old field, Higman 810 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Friendship Pond Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
201. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel B&B.180
[Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. 1880-83] Shr.402
(Phragmites communis Trin. 1820)
(Arundo phragmites L. 1753)
Brown & Brown 1984 state "Our population is var. berlandieri (Fourn.) Fern.".
(Common Reed) Tall perennial. Usually considered native.
Habitat: "Fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Fresh to brackish wet areas along Coastal Plain rivers.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). South R. at Rt. 50, dense colonies along the river bank 6/11/1966 Stieber 38 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 1 m. high colony near Severn R. shore 9/9/1966, Stieber 39 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Throughout CBC; locally abundant in tidal marshes, as pure stands, esp. in Corn Island marsh" Higman 441 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Nineteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Sullivan Cove (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason, Longbottom, Swarth 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Cypress Creek Savanna, and lower end Angels Bog 6/10/92 (Sipple 1993, pp.440, 453).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
202. Poa annua L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164
(Annual Bluegrass, Low Spear-grass)
Low (ht. 3"-6") spreading annual or winter annual naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Cultivated and waste grounds, everywhere" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in lawns, gardens and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959)).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in broken pavement at building area, Higman 1113 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Beverly-Triton Beach, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
203. Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Elliott 1816. B&B.164
(Poa flexuosa Muhl.)
(Autumn Bluegrass, Meadow Grass, Flexuous Spear-grass)
Native perennial. Ht. 1-3 ft.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867). "Rich woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "One station in a mature forest at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in mature hardwood forest near old entrance road, Higman 678 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
204. Poa chapmaniana Scribn. 1894. B&B: No stations - see p.166
(Chapman's Spear-grass, Meadowgrass) Low native annual.
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare in Delaware and Virginia; not reported from Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Deleted from list.
Records: (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, solitary in broken pavement at building area, with P. annua above; Ivy Neck, solitary at edge of cornfield on Scaffold Peninsula" Higman 587, 822 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "At the border of a cornfield and in broken pavement at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
205. Poa compressa L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164
(Canada Bluegrass, Flat-stemmed Meadow-grass, Wire-grass, English Bluegrass)
Tough, low, wiry blue-green perennial naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Dry, mostly sterile soil, in waste places; rarely in woods" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Turf weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: "In moist woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in shaded pasture at head of Cheston Creek; also solitary on east bank of Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 731, 734, 876 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
206. Poa nemoralis L. 1753. B&B.166
(Wood Bluegrass) Perennial naturalized from Europe and Asia.
Habitat: "Meadows and open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open sands and shores" (Stieber 1971). "Moist soils, meadows and woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, near the Severn R. in moist sand 6/1/1966, Stieber 30 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
207. Poa palustris L. 1759. B&B.164
(Fowl Bluegrass, Fowl-meadow Grass)
Tough, wiry perennial spreading by short rhizomes.
Habitat: Moist, open ground. Meadows, shores and thickets.
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, near a field 5/21/1966, Stieber 31 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
208. Poa pratensis L. 1753. Shr.403, B&B.164
(Kentucky Bluegrass, Common Meadow-grass)
Native dark green perennial creeping by rhizomes. Improved cultivars used as an excellent sod.
Habitat: "In meadows, fields and woods...widely cultivated for hay and pasture" (Britton 1901). "Moist slopes, fields, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being more frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, tufted along sandy-clay roadside 6/7/1966, Stieber 32 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in a field near the Severn 5/5/1966, Stieber 33 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent on roadsides; was locally abundant at Java Farm (in 1965-67) in old fields, becoming overrun by woody vines" Higman 335, 547, 621 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971),
209. Poa sylvestris A. Gray 1848. B&B.164
(Sylvan Spear-grass, Meadow Grass, Sylvan Bluegrass)
Native perennial.
Habitat: "Rocky woods and meadows" (Gray 1867). "Rich woods and thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Frequent in Piedmont, rare on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in mature hardwood forest near old entrance gate and beside Muddy Creek north fork near old entrance road, Higman 641, 791 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent at Java Farm"
(Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
210. Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. & Zucc.) Makino B&B.23
(Japanese Cane, Bamboo)
This is a very tentative identification of local plantings of "bamboo" which have spread vegetatively. Plants may be Phyllostachys aurea Riv., or some other species. Height about 20 feet.
Sightings: Sandy Point State Park (Corcoran Tract). Aisquith Creek
watershed (R. R. r/w at Old County Road, also roadside below Baugh mansion). Kinder Park, near pond 5/14/88. Lowland behind Ginger Cove retirement village 1991. Near pond off Rt. 50 near Rt. 424. Ferry Farms. Chase Creek watershed: Ruckers ravine, spreading from neighbor Aug 1999.
211. Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clausen B&B.159
[Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin.]
[Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze]
(Pale Mannagrass) Annual herb.
Habitat: "Shallow, fresh water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
212. Secale cereale L. 1753. B&B.192
(Rye) Winter annual. Common cover crop, may escape from cultivation, not persistent.
Habitat: Fields, barnyards, roadsides.
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, near a plowed field, sandy-loam 5/21/1966, Stieber 47 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a field, sandy-clay, moist & drained area 7/27/1966, Stieber 48 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
213. Setaria faberii Herrm. 1910. B&B.83
(Faber's Bristlegrass, Faber's Foxtail)
Annual introduced from China. Upper leaf-surface hairy.
Habitat: Fields and roadsides. 3-6 bristles per spikelet.
Frequency: Garden weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent on dry soil by cornfield margins, etc., Higman 5, 878, 1035 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Dry soil at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Friendship Pond Park, Kinder Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
214. Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81
(Panicum geniculatum Lam. 1798)
(Perennial Foxtail, Knotroot Bristlegrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In moist or saline soils" (Brown & Brown 1984). Roadsides, moist open areas, saltmarsh borders.
Frequency: "On the Coastal Plain; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, common along roads 6/27/1966, Stieber 93 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sand at the edge of pine-oak moist woods, 7/21/1966, 9/23/1966, Stieber 92 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, near edge of pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 91 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
215. Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81
[Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes]
(Panicum glaucum L. 1753)
[Ixophorus glaucus (L.) Nash] Shr.399
[Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn.]
Apparently synonymous with Setaria lutescens (Weigel) F. T. Hubbard 1916. See Hitchcock
1950, p. 952.
(Yellow Bristlegrass, Yellow Foxtail)
Coarse tufted annual naturalized from Europe. Leaf-sheaths keeled, blades essentially smooth, but very fine long hairs are seen near the stem with good magnification. 5 or more (often 8) somewhat yellow bristles per spikelet. Barbs on bristles point upward.
Habitat: "Cultivated ground and waste places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Stubble fields, cultivated ground and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: Common weed (Jaques 1959).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (As Ixophorus glaucus; M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Entrance of Balt-Wash Pkwy., N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966, Stieber 94 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields and at cornfield margins, Higman 140, 336 (As S. lutescens; Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property, numerous in roadside bed at Lot 707, 8/22/1999.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
216. Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. 1812. B&B.81
(Panicum italicum L. 1753)
[Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. 1897]
[Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash 1895 Shr.399
(Foxtail, Italian, German or Hungarian Millet)
Annual. Introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Escaped to roadsides and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...often escapes from cultivation" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Vicinity St. James Church, near a fallow field, sandy clay 8/12/1966, Stieber 96 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
217. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash 1903. B&B.79
(Andropogon nutans L. 1753)
(Indian Grass, Wood-grass) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "Dry slopes, edge of woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Sears Corner, jct Rt. 2, road embankment 9/10/1966, W. A. Dayton (US) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity St. James Church, in a open field 9/16/1966, 10/2/1966, Stieber 104 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 205, 207, 467 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
218. Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 1805. B&B.79
(Holcus halepensis L. 1753)
(Johnson Grass) Very tall coarse aggressive perennial weed spreading by stolons and rhizomes. Native of Europe and Asia.
Habitat: "Fields and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "...a weed from Maryland southward" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, esp. near the dock, Higman 144, 243 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
219. Spartina alternifolia Loisel. 1807. B&B.186
[Spartina stricta var. maritima (Walt.) Scribn. Shr.401
(Dactylis maritima Walt.)
(Saltmarsh Cordgrass, Smooth Cordgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes, often forming extensive pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Salt and brackish marshes and shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Yantz Cove on Severn River 7/30/71 (Sipple 1993, p.6). Duvall Creek, off South River 8/25/1971 (Sipple 1993, p.7). "Salt marshes and estuaries of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Shorelines at CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in saltier parts of tidal marshes and on beaches, Higman 115, 285 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 37 county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Downs Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Main Creek near Maywood Avenue, Mouth of Blackhole Creek,
Maynedier Creek, Brewer Creek, Weems Creek, Cattail Creek, Mill Creek of Magothy River, Fork Creek of Magothy River, Tar Cove of Rock Creek, Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek, Ross Cove of Magothy River (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
220. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth. 1806. B&B.186
[Spartina polystachya (L.) Ell. 1817] Shr.401
(Dactylis cynosuroides L. 1753)
(Salt Reedgrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Characteristic of brackish and salt marshes, often occurring in pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Salt marshes, often in water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Natural creek berm of Muddy Creek 8/13/1971 (Sipple 1993, P.7). "Salt marshes and estuaries of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Shorelines at CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant along fringes of tidal marshes, Higman 59 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Sixteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Brackish marshes of Brewer Pond on Severn River 4/16/1983 (Sipple 1993, p.96). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Tar Cove of Rock Creek, Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek, Fork Creek of Magothy River, Maynadier Creek, Brewer Creek (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
221. Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. 1817. Shr.401, B&B.186
(Dactylis patens Ait. 1789)
(Salt-meadow Grass, Salt Meadow-grass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Salt marshes, brackish shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Turkey Point (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.187). Manresa, dense stands on sandy shore of the Severn 8/8/1966, Stieber 63 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Shorelines at CBC, abundant in dense stands in interiors of tidal marshes, often co-dominant with Distichlis spicata, Higman 270 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 19 county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Marsh at Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/1990, Longbottom pc. Mouth of Blackhole Creek 9/28/1991, Longbottom pc.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
222. Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. 1906. B&B.139
[Sphenopholis nitida (Spreng.) Scribn. 1906]
[Eatonia nitida (Spreng.) Nash 1895] Shr.402
(Aira nitida Bieler 1807)
(Aira nitida Spreng. 1807)
(Slender Eaton's-grass, Wedgegrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "In dry forests and fields" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich or dry, rocky woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Dry or moist woods and hillsides.
Records: Java Farm, solitary beside Old Muddy Creek Road near entrance gate, Higman 643 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station along a roadside at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
223. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. 1906. B&B.139
(Aira obtusata Michx. 1803)
(Prairie Wedgegrass) Perennial.
Habitat: Moist or dry soil. Open woods and grasslands.
County Occurrence: Reported from Anne Arundel County (Brown & Brown 1984).
224. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth B&B.131
(Long-leaved Rushgrass) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly rare.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
225. Triodia flava (L.) Smyth 1913. B&B.178
[Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. 1906]
(Poa flava L. 1753)
(Tall Red-top, Purple-top) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "In fields, waste ground and gardens" (Jaques 1959). Fields, roadsides, and edges of woods (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Garden weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy soil 7/21/1966, Stieber 42 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 4.5 dm. tall, along roadsides 9/9/1966, Stieber 40 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity St. James Church, along roadside with other grasses 9/16/1966, Stieber 43 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in old field north of Fox Point Road near Pinus virginiana stand, Higman 363 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach, Forge Bridge, Kinder Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Tar Cove Golf Course (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
226. Triodia flava forma cuprea (Jacq.) Fosberg. B&B: unlisted.
(Fall Redtop)
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, solitary in broken pavement at building area, Higman 13, 226, 341 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
227. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. 1759. Shr.396, B&B.71
(Coix dactyloides L. 1753)
(Eastern Gama-grass) Tall native perennial.
Habitat: "In fresh marshes and open moist ground" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps, open wet soils and streamsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, near Severn shore and scattered in a moist meadow nearby 7/1/1966, 6/24/1967, Stieber 105 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on roadsides and in old fields, Higman 25 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Beachwood Park, Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1991, 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, clearing near Ruckers Pond (by Williams 9/24/88).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
228. Triticum aestivum L. 1753. B&B.190
(Wheat) Annual.
Habitat: "Along roadsides, etc., escaped from cultivation" (Stieber
1971). Common field-crop, not persistent.
Records: Waysons Corner, in a wet ditch with brome grasses & Avena 6/11/1966, Stieber 45 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 46 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary by tractor trail on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 684 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
229. Uniola laxa (L.) B.S.P. 1888. Shr.402, B&B.175
(Uniola gracilis Michx.)
(Holcus laxus L. 1753)
(Slender Spikegrass) Native perennial.
Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist woods, fields, and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, in a moist field, sandy 9/23/1966, Stieber 36 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island tidal marsh, near Panicum virgatum stand, Higman 342, 452 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beverly-Triton Beach, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Jacobsville Park, Patuxent Community Pond, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991, 1993).
Sightings: Area near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991). Woods just above head of tidewater, Marley Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
230. Zea mays L. 1753. B&B.73
(Corn, Indian Corn, Maize) Tall annual grass.
Habitat: Common field-crop, may escape from cultivation, not persistent. Fields, barnyards, roadsides.
Records: Cultivated near St. James Church 8/12/1966, Stieber 106 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
231. Zizania aquatica L. 1753. Shr.399, B&B.115
(Annual Wildrice, Wild Rice, Water Oats)
Tall native annual emergent aquatic.
Habitat: "Swampy borders of streams and in shallow water" (Gray 1867). "In fresh marshes; often forming pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley (Plitt 7/19/1899). "Observed at River Road and Maynedier Creek on the Severn River, but not in the Rhode River area to date" (Higman 1977). About eight county stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Patuxent at Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993, p.244). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Patuxent marsh at Wayson's Corner (Longbottom, pc 1991). Rays Pond (by John Page Williams, not D. H. Williams). Mill Creek at Hidden Point Road.
25. Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)
232. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke B&B.218
(Threadleaf Beakseed) Annual.
Habitat: Dry open sandy soil.
Records: Odenton 7/10/1918, W. L. McAtee (US) (Stieber 1967). NE of Bowie, in a gravel pit near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). A. A. Co., 12 mi. N. Upper Marlboro 9/12/1964, R. Kral 22662 (GH). Rt. 3, S. of Rt 424, sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 112 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Infrequent in Long Point tidal marsh at mouth of Selby Bay, South River, with Lythrum lineare; not yet collected" (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park 9/9/90, Longbottom 1210 (AACC).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). GH. AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
233. Carex abscondita Mackenzie 1910. B&B.281
(Carex ptychocarpa Steud. 1799)
(Thicket Sedge)
Habitat: "Low woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Anne Arundel Co., Mill Race Road, Plot 2785, Pat. Res. Refuge 6/1/1945, F. J. Hermann 11437" (GH).
Herbaria: GH.
234. Carex aggregata Mackenzie 1910 B&B.254
(Carex agglomerata Mackenzie 1903)
(Glomerate Sedge) Herb.
Habitat: "Rich soils of woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Prince George's County and D. C." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated. 1994: SH, X (Endangered Extirpated).
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Mathews 1987.
Records: "Anne Arundel County, Duval Br. Plot 5560, Pat. Res. Ref.
6/8/1945, F. J. Hermann 11470" (GH).
Herbaria: GH.
235. Carex albolutescens Schwein. 1824. Shr.412, B&B.263
(Greenish-white Sedge) Native herb.
Habitat: "In fresh and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Swamps and bogs.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in a moist woods 5/25/1958, E. C. Leonard & F. J. Hermann (US) (Stieber 1967). "Moist woods along Patuxent River" (Stieber 1971). Two county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog 6/10/1992 & 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
236. Carex amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. B&B.278
(Carex grisea Wahl.)
Habitat: "Woods and fields" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963). "Rich woods, bottomlands and meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Floodplain of Patuxent River at Fort Meade 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993). It is possible that this site was in A.A.Co.
237. Carex argyrantha Tuckerm. B&B.265
(Hay Sedge)
Habitat: "Dry woods or open areas with rocky or sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining) 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
238. Carex atlantica Bailey 1893 Shr.412, B&B.258
(Eastern Sedge)
Habitat: "In bogs and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Anne Arundel, Patuxent 6/4/1905, J. H. Painter 1391 (GH). Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma (see Sipple 1999, p.378).
Herbaria: GH.
239. Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. 1825. B&B.272
(Carex littoralis Schwein. 1814).
(Barratt's Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet woods and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Swamps in pine woods.
Heritage Rating: 1988: A3 (Nationally rare). 1991: Endangered in Maryland. Federal: Not threatened. 1994: S2 (State Rare), Threatened.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma, 1984 (see Sipple 1999, p.379).
240. Carex blanda Dewey 1826. B&B.283
(Woodland Sedge) Native herb.
Habitat: "Dry to moist woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: " Moist wooded banks of creeks at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of Muddy Creek north fork above old entrance road; Ivy Neck, solitary on shaded east bank of Scaffold Creek estuary, Higman 546, 786 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
241. Carex bullata Schkuhr 1805. Shr.409, B&B.292
[Carex bullata var. greenii (Schkuhr) Fernald 1906].
(Carex greenii Boeck. 1858)
(Carex olneyi Boott 1858)
(Button Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swales and wet meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In wet forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Swamps and bogs (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Now rare.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994: S1 (State Rare), Threatened.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Arden Bog (see Sipple 1999, p.382).
242. Carex canescens L. 1753. B&B.256
(Silvery Sedge, Hoary Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In acid soil or bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Garrett County; also frequent on the Coastal Plain"
(Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Near Round Bay, in Cypress Creek 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Blackhole Creek Bog 1984 by Broersma (see Sipple 1999, p.379). Angels Bog 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Robinson Road Pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
243. Carex cephalophora Muhl. 1805. B&B.251
(Oval-headed Sedge, Woodbank Sedge)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woods and knolls" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "One station on bank of Muddy Creek at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, above old entrance road, Higman 1096 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
244. Carex collinsii Nutt. B&B.287
(Collins' Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Sphagnum bogs and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
County Occurrence: One Anne Arundel station, noted in 1929 (Broome et
al Dec. 1979).
245. Carex comosa Boott. Shr.409
Habitat: "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
246. Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. 1836 B&B.274
(Flattened Sedge, Hirsute Sedge)
Habitat: "In woods, fields and swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Dry woods and fields" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Frequency: " Coastal and Piedmont; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1993).
247. Carex convoluta Mack. B&B.251
(Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "One station at Java Farm, moist forest" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in mature hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, near old entrance road, Higman 1098 (CBC) (Higman 1977.)
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
248. Carex crinita Lam. 1789. Shr.410, B&B.269
(Fringed Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swales and damp thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp thickets and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "One station at Java Farm, moist woods" (Stieber 1971).
Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 729 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); site may be in A.A.Co. Marley Creek Swamp below Rt. 100 7/7/90, Longbottom 825 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
249. Carex debilis Michx. 1803. B&B.276
(White-edged Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woods and copses" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Low woods, thickets and swamps" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Midland and Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy R. in oak-pine woods at the swampy head of the R. 7/2/60, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
250. Carex digitalis Willd. 1805. B&B.281
(Slender Wood Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dryish woods and glades" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Rich, dry woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Low, mossy bluffs at Muddy Creek of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent on low mossy bluffs at head of valley below Fox Point Road, under mature hardwood canopy (now in study area #2)" Higman 1129 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
251. Carex emmonsii Dewey 1836. B&B.267
(Emmon's Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Found with C. digitalis" (Stieber 1971). "Java Farm, infrequent associate of C. digitalis above" Higman 614, 615 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
252. Carex exilis Dewey 1828. B&B.258
(Coast Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: Highly State Rare, Endangered.
Records: Cypress Creek, tributary of Magothy R., 30 June 1960, Benedict 6407 (US); boggy margin of Fresh Pond, ca. 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., 25 April 1961 Uhler et al. s.n. (US); (See Riefner & Hill 1983). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Herbaria: US.
253. Carex folliculata L. 1753. Shr.409, B&B.289
(Long Sedge) Native herb.
Habitat: "Wet woods, meadows and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Magothy R., along a clear stream flowing through woody swamp 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
254. Carex frankii Kunth 1837. Shr.409, B&B.285
(Frank's Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Common in Allegany and Garrett Counties; also found in the W-B area and reported from Worcester County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Woods and roadsides at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary by old entrance road near Springhouse Road; Ivy Neck, infrequent at forest margin near Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 797, 859, 1020 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
255. Carex gracillima Schwein. 1824 B&B.276
(Graceful Sedge)
Fertile spikes nodding or pendulous, linear, slender.
Habitat: "Wet meadows" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods and meadows" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Frequent in Midland and Garrett county; rare on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
256. Carex howei Mackenzie 1910. B&B.258
(Howe's Sedge) Native herb.
Habitat: "Mossy swamps, thickets and woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Infrequent on Coastal Plain and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Magothy R. head, along a clear stream 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
257. Carex hyalinolepsis Steud. B&B.285
(Shoreline Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and shallow water" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Threatened.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
258. Carex incomperta Bicknell 1909 B&B.258
(Prickly Bog Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In boggy places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Swamps, wet woods, damp peats" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Frequent on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R., in open marshes 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
259. Carex interior Bailey 1893. B&B.258
(Carex scirpoides Schkuhr)
(Inland Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Damp or wet soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Damp to wet soils, often calcareous" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Baltimore County and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Round Bay, Cypress Creek 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
260. Carex intumescens Rudge 1804. Shr.409, B&B.289
(Bladder Sedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps, meadows, and alluvial woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes, swamps and wet woods" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Magothy R., bank of a clear stream flowing through a swampy thicket 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, at the edge of the pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 119 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); site may be in A.A.Co. Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
261. Carex laevivaginata (Kukenth.) MacKenzie B&B.256
(Sedge)
Habitat: "Wet, wooded areas and river swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Wet woods" (Gleason & cronquist 1991).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Bacon Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1993).
262. Carex louisianica Bailey 1893 B&B.289
(Carex eggertii Bailey 1896)
(Carex halei Carey 1846)
(Louisiana Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet woods and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
263. Carex lupulina Muhl 1805 Shr.409, B&B.289
(Hop Sedge)
Habitat: "Wet grounds" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and ditches" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and wet forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
264. Carex lurida Wahlenb. 1803. Shr.409, B&B.287
(Sallow Sedge, Lurid Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Manresa, in a swamp & wet woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 120 LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in fresh moist areas (e.g., along tributaries of Muddy Creek); Ivy Neck, infrequent in tidal marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary; Higman 399, 738, 986 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984, Whigham 1981). Severn Run, below Rt. 3, 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co. Kinder Park near pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits, Marley Creek Swamp, Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
265. Carex muhlenbergii Schk. 1805. Shr.412, B&B.251
(Carex muhlenbergii var. enervis Boott. 1862)
(Muhlenberg's Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry fields and on hills" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Patuxent 6/7/1905, Jos. H. Painter 1397 (As var. enervis; GH). NE of Bowie, roadside (another on the border of a swamp) both near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of Magothy R., swampy area 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US)
(Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road (before resurfacing)" Higman 623, 1094 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. GH. US (Stieber 1971).
266. Carex pensylvanica Lam. Shr.411, B&B.265
(Pennsylvania Sedge)
Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry or sandy soil, open or rocky woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Piedmont and Coastal Plain; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
267. Carex prasina Wahl. Shr.410
Habitat: "In moist forests and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
268. Carex rosea Schk. 1805 Shr.412, B&B.251
(Stellate Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent at shaded areas of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road under mature hardwood canopy, and in small depression of south slope above Fox Creek tidal marsh, Higman 676, 765 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
269. Carex scoparia Schk. 1805. Shr.412, B&B.261
(Pointed Broom Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low ground or even dry open soil, rarely in woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist sandy beaches and river banks" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Between Stony Run and Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/9/1899). Herald Harbor beach 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). NE of Bowie by Lemon's Bridge, on Patuxent R. 7/4/1928, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary at marshy north end of old field (now recultivated) on Scaffold Peninsula near Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 879 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
270. Carex seorsa E. C. Howe 1894 B&B.261
(Carex rosaeoides E. C. Howe 1894)
(Weak Stellate Sedge, Howe's Sedge)
Habitat: "In wet woods and swamps (Britton 1905, p.1056). "In swampy woodlands" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet woods and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1993).
271. Carex squarrosa L. 1753. Shr.409, B&B.285
(Squarrose Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and wet woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Also bogs and meadows.
Records: Patuxent, Md. 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on shaded west bank of upper Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 744 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
272. Carex stipata Muhl. Shr.411
Habitat:
Frequency: Noted from Great Falls (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
273. Carex straminea Willd. 1801. B&B.265
(Carex festucacea Schk.)
(Straw Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Meadows, dry banks, or open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Fresh swamps and wet meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Garrett County; frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: NE of Bowie at Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
274. Carex striata Michx. 1803 var. brevis Bailey 1889 B&B: Not listed.
(Carex walteriana Bailey 1893)
(Walter's Sedge)
Habitat: "In pine-barren bogs" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "C. walteriana...southern N.J. to Fla." (Britton 1901) "...s.e. Mass. southw., local" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Smithsonian property (As C. walteriana; see index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993)
275. Carex stricta Lam.
Habitat: "Swamps, moist fields and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Records: Severn Run below Rt. 3: 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Severn Run 6/14/1992 (Sipple 1993).
276. Carex swanii (Fernald) Mackenzie 1910. B&B.274
(Carex virescens var. swanii Fernald 1906)
(Swan's Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woods, thickets and clearings" (Stieber 1971). "Moist to wet fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: NE on Bowie on an old log in a swamp 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R., open woods 5/25/1956, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of Magothy R., upper slope of the n. side of a valley 7/2/1966, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US)(Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond 7/1/1966, Stieber s.n. (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in mature mixed hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, esp. near roads, Higman 698, 712, 987 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
277. Carex tonsa (Fernald) Bicknell 1908 B&B.267
(Carex umbellata Schk. var. tonsa Fernald 1902)
(Shaved Sedge, Deep-green Sedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare. 1994: (Highly State Rare).
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
278. Carex tribuloides Wahlenb. 1803. Shr.412, B&B.261
(Blunt Broom Sedge, Bristlebract Sedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swales and rich open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Moist woods and roadsides at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary by Fox Point Road; Ivy Neck, Solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 733, 893 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
279. Carex trisperma Dew.
(Three-fruited Sedge)
Habitat: "Swampy woods and bogs at high elevations" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Frequency: "Garrett County; rare on the Eastern Shore, no collection since 1888" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.
280. Carex typhina Michx. 1803. B&B.285
(Cattail Sedge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist to wet woods, swamps and bottomlands, often in calcareous soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare).
Records: Patuxent, Md., in a shady swamp 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US)
(Stieber 1967). Fort Meade area 7/21/1989 (Sipple 1993); this site may be in A.A.Co.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
281. Carex vesicaria
(Inflated Sedge)
Heritage Rating:
Records: Blackhole Creek Bog (Sipple 1999, p.378). Also known from one other A.A.Co. site (Sipple 1999)
282. Carex vestita Willd. 1805. Shr.409, B&B.272
(Velvety Sedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In sandy soils" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to damp sandy woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare) Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Marley, on the Baltimore Short Line 5/1/1906, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
283. Carex virescens Muhl. 1805 Shr.410, B&B.274
(Downy Green Sedge, Ribbed Sedge) Fertile spikes nearly erect.
Habitat: "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common. Garrett County; infrequent in the Midland and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993)
284. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. 1803. Shr.412, B&B.254
(Fox Sedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "One station in a moist woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods at source of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 736 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Severn Run, below Rt. 3, 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Roadside ditch, Ordinance Road between Rts. 2 & 10, 6/24/90, Longbottom 776 (AACC). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
285. Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. 1836. Shr.408, B&B.234
[Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze 1891]
(Schoenus mariscoides Muhl. 1817)
(Twig-rush, Water Bog-rush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs and wet sandy shores, either fresh or brackish" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (state declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 9/26/1950, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Herald Harbor 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Bog, W side of Magothy 9/8/1951, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). In a cypress Bog (Presumably Cypress Creek - see Chaecyparis) 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Angel's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
286. Cyperus brevifolioides Thieret & Delahoussaye
[Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.] B&B.200
(Kyllinga brevifolioides)
(Sedge) Perennial. "Native of e. Asia, casually introduced" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Habitat: "Marshes & swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
287. Cyperus diandrus Torr. 1819. Shr.405, B&B.200
(Low Flatsedge, Low Cyperus) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In meadows and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet sandy, gravelly, or muddy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Deale, in a weedy building area 9/23/1956, Ralph Cluly & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
288. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. B&B.202
(Red-rooted Cyperus, Red-rooted Galingale)
Annual herb.
Habitat: "Alluvial banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Swamps, wet soils, and sandy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
289. Cyperus esculentus L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.204
(Yellow Nut-sedge, Chufa)
Native perennial herb. Height 1-2 ft.
Habitat: "Low grounds, along rivers, etc., spreading extensively by its small nut-like tubers, and sometimes becoming a pest in cultivated grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in cultivated fields, gardens and on sandy soil"
(Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A common weed in farms and gardens" (Fogg 1956).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Edges of ponds, Tawes Garden at State complex.
290. Cyperus filicinus Vahl 1806. B&B.202
(Cyperus nuttalli Eddy 1820) Shr.405
(Nuttall's Cyperus) Native herb.
Habitat: "Brackish and fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Brackish marshes and sands" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Beach of Valentine Creek, off the Severn 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Broad Creek at Porter Point on the South R., in a brackish marsh 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Cape Anne (Churchton), in a sandy field 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at upland margin of Hog Island tidal marsh and on Fox Point Road, Higman 438, 804 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
291. Cyperus filiculmus Vahl 1806. Shr.406, B&B.207
(Slender Cyperus) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Dry sterile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Sandy fields, hills and roadsides.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, sandy Road 8/17/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, sandy pond 7/1/1966, Stieber s.n. (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
292. Cyperus flavescens L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.200
(Yellow Cyperus, Yellow Galingale) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
293. Cyperus globulosus Aubl. 1775. B&B: unlisted.
(Cyperus baldwinii Torr. 1836)
(Cyperus echinatus (Ell.) Wood 1863)
(Umbrella Sedge, Baldwin's Cyperus) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry soil, sometimes a weed in cultivated fields" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: A southern species. "Va. to Fla., west to Mo. & Tex." (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
294. Cyperus grayii Torr. Shr.406, B&B.207
(Asa Gray's Cyperus, Gray's Galingale) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Barren sands ...near the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
"Strand and dry pine forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy soil of dunes, beaches and pine woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Coastal; frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
295. Cyperus iria L. 1753. B&B.204
(Yellow Cyperus) Eurasian annual herb.
Habitat: Swamps and muddy places; cultivated ground.
County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
296. Cyperus lancastriensis Porter Shr.405, B&B.204
(Lancaster's Sedge, Lancaster's Cyperus) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist or dry woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Harford & Cecil Counties; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
297. Cyperus odoratus L. B&B.204
(Fragrant Galingale) Annual herb.
Habitat: "Wet soil frequently in brackish areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, damp sand 7/1/1966, Stieber 108 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).
298. Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. 1836. Shr.405, B&B.207
(Pinebarren Cyperus, Globose Cyperus)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist and dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Sandy fields, swamps and ditches" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Cape Anne, field 9/26/1948 & 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, infrequent on Fox Point Road; Ivy Neck, solitary at marshy north end of old field on Scaffold Peninsula (now recultivated)" Higman 17, 490, 1099 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
299. Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald B&B.202
(Cyperus microdontus Torr. 1836)
(Many-spiked Galingale, Coast Cyperus) Annual herb.
Habitat: "Shores, mostly near the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Mucky, sandy shores; tidal mud; wet pine woods.
Records: Pasadena, in muck-sand shore of a farmyard pond 10/31/50, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
300. Cyperus retrofractus (L.) Torr. 1848. Shr.405, B&B.204
(Scirpus retrofractus L. 1753)
(Rough Cyperus) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Sandy or rocky soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Dry sandy soil, drying ponds.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Rare. 1994: S2 (State Rare).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond with Scirpus & Juncus 8/6/1966, Stieber 109 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
301. Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. B&B.207
(Cylinder Flatsedge) Perennial herb.
Habitat: Dry sandy slopes and barrens. Dry woods.
Records: Herald Harbor, growing on an open slope along the Severn 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
302. Cyperus strigosus L. 1753. Shr.405, B&B.204
(Straw-colored Cyperus) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Damp or fertile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In meadows and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and low damp ground" (Jaques 1959). Brackish marshes, and along streams and mucky shores.
Frequency: "One of the commonest species...a weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Pasadena, S. 0.5 mi., in mucky-sand shore of a farmyard pond 10/31/1950, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). With other sedges in a moist cemetery lot, N. of Ft, Meade near entrance to the Balt.-Wash. Pkwy. 8/6/1966, Stieber 110 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in various unshaded moist or dry habitats (e.g., old Java entrance, upper Muddy Creek & Fox Creek tidal marshes, old fields on Fox Point Road), Higman 97, 124 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Seven county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
303. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton 1894. Shr.406, B&B.209
(Three-way Sedge) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet swamps and borders of ponds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps, marshes, bogs, and around the edges of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: In a marsh at the upper end of a fresh pond along the Patuxent 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Angel's Bog, South Gray's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1283 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/92, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sighting: Near Blue Lake on Calvin Gray property, Forked Creek of Severn.
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
304. Eleocharis albida Torr. 1836. Shr.406, B&B.214
(White Spikerush). Native perennial herb.
Habitat: Damp, chiefly brackish soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908) "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
305. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. 1855. Shr.406, B&B.212
(Engelmann's Spikerush) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In open wet situations, preferring clay soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet sands, peats or muds" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
306. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban B&B.212
(Pale Spikerush, Yellow Spikerush) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Peaty or sandy areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare.
County Occurrence: Reported from A. A. Co. by Brown & Brown 1984.
307. Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban var. olivacea (Torr.) Gl.
Eleocharis olivacea Shr.406 & B&B.212
Gleason & Cronquist 1991 treat olivacea as a variety, Heritage as a species.
Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet sands" (Stieber 1971).
Records: NW of Gibson I., in wet soil and in shallow water of a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
DBT. Eleocharis halophila (L.) Fernald & Brack B&B.214
(Saltmarsh Spikerush) Perennial herb.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Doubtful. The 1991 extirpated status of this plant suggests the abundant plants at Java Farm were another species.
Records: "In saltmarshes at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, locally abundant in Hog Island tidal marsh (pure stand), moderately abundant in Typha tidal marsh at forks of Muddy Creek channel, Higman 298, 677 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
308. Eleocharis intermedia (Muhl.) Schultes 1824. B&B.214
(Scirpus intermedius Muhl. 1817)
(Matted Spikerush, Intermediate Spikerush) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Wet, calcareous soils, pond edges" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in sandy bottomed pool 8/6/1966, Stieber 111 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Ivy Neck, infrequent near head of Cheston Creek (sunny moist sites)" Higman 298, 677 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
309. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes 1824. Shr.406, B&B.212
(Scirpus obtusus Willd. 1809)
(Blunt Spikesedge, Blunt Spikerush) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Muddy or wet places, especially river swamps" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South R., in muck between the two upper branches of the River, near Rt. 450 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in tidal marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary, Higman 741 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). North Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Kinder Park Pond 7/23/1989 (Sipple 1993). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Cattail Creek Pond 7/12/1990 (Sipple 1993). West Pasadena Road gravel pits 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
310. Eleocharis olivacea Torr. 1836. Shr.406, B&B.212
Gleason & Cronquist (1991) consider olivacea a var. of E. flavescens, while Heritage lists it
as a distinct species.
(Bright Green Spikerush, Olive-brown Spikerush)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Wet sands and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna, Eagle Hill Bog, South Gray's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17351 (GH). Angels Bog 8/7/92 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: GH.
311. Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) Link. B&B.214
(Dwarf Spikerush, Small Spikerush) Herb.
Habitat: "Wet saline or brackish shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Cape Anne, in a saltmarsh 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ten county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
312. Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes 1824. Shr.406, B&B.216
(Scirpus tenuis Willd. 1809)
(Slender Spikerush, Dog-hair, Kill-cow)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist woods, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to wet soils; ponds" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Hillsmere Elementary School (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
313. Eleocharis tortilis Schultes 1824 B&B.216
(Eleocharis simplex A. Dietr. 1833)
(Scirpus tortilis Link 1820)
(Scirpus simplex Ell. 1816)
(Twisted Spikerush). Herb.
Habitat: Wet soil. "Swamps and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Chiefly Coastal; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Rare.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
314. Eriophorum virginicum L. 1753 Shr.408, B&B.227
(Virginia Cotton-grass) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In bogs and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). Peaty meadows.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North county (Plitt 7/19/1899). "Round Bay...at the swamp" C.C.Plitt 7/29/1899; this was at Cypress Creek; see Sipple 1999, p.354. Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).
315. Eriophorum virginicum L. var. album A. Gray 1867 B&B: var. unlisted.
(Cotton-grass) Perennial herb.
Records: Near Magothy River. (Plitt 7/29/1899).
316. Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. 1817 Shr.407, B&B.220
(Scirpus autumnalis) L.
(Slender Fimbristylis) Annual herb.
Habitat: "low grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist, sandy to peaty soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North County tidal inlet (Plitt 8/9/1899).
317. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl 1806. Shr.407, B&B.218
(Scirpus castaneus Michx. 1803)
(Saltmarsh Fimbristylis) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). Brackish sands and shores.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Valentine River beach" 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). "Sherwood Forest, in marsh, on the Severn" 8/16/1930, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
318. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl 1806 B&B.230
[Rynchospora alba (L.) Vahl 1806] Shr.408
(Schoenus albus L. 1753)
(White Beakrush, Pale Beaked Rush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In bogs and wet sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). Sphagnum bogs and peats.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining).1991: Watchlist.
Records:
(1) Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). One specimen found 8/13/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.369).
(2) Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom 1006 (AACC).
(3) Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1286 (AACC). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
(4) South Gray's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(5) Round Bay Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom 1016 (AACC).
(6) Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
319. Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl B&B.232
(Small-headed Beakrush)
Habitat: "Bogs and moist soils" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Bogs and wet sands" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1993).
320. Rhynchospora chalarocephala Fernald & Gale B&B.230
(Loose-headed Beakrush) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Deleted.
Records: Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984, Whigham 1981). West
Pasadena Road gravel pits 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993).
321. Rhynchospora gracilenta A. Gray B&B.232
(Rynchospora gracilenta A. Gray) Shr.408
(Slender Beakrush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Benfield (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910).
322. Scirpus americanus Pers. 1805. Shr.407, B&B.221
(Scirpus pungens Vahl)
Gleason & Cronquist 1991 lump S. americanus & S. olneyi under S. pungens.
(Three-square) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Borders of salt and fresh ponds and streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908) "In marshes, swamps and ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "No locale" 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Stony Creek, no date, Charles Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn River, Waterbury 7/17/1927, H. Hasselbring (GH). Valentine River Beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in Hog Island tidal marsh, at shoreline; Ivy Neck, solitary on Sand Point beach, Cheston Peninsula; Higman 295, 451 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Eighteen brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17364 (GH). Beachwood Park (as S. pungens; Longbottom 1991). Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/90, Longbottom 947 (AACC). Main Creek at Maywood Avenue 9/17/90, Longbottom 1204 (AACC). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Banks of Boyd Pond 9/28/91 (As S. pungens; Longbottom, pc). Mouth of Blackhole Creek 9/28/91 (As S. pungens; Longbottom, pc).
Herbaria: CBC. GH. AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
323. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. 1817 Shr.408
(Scirpus atrovirens Willd.) B&B.225
(Green Bulrush, Dark-green Bulrush)
Stout native perennial herb. Height 2-5 ft.
Habitat: "Meadows and bogs" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Low pastures and meadows" (Jaques 1959). "Swamps, bogs, wet meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...may become troublesome where marshes have been drained and on land subject to overflow" (Jaques 1959).
Records: "One station in a moist woods at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pastured woods near head of Cheston Creek, Higman 728 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
324. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth 1837. Shr.408, B&B.225
(Wool-grass) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In open wet situiations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet meadows and swamps" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond assoc. with Cyperus & Juncus 8/6/1966, Stieber 113 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Banks of Boyd Pond 9/28/91 (Longbottom, pc).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
325. Scirpus eriophorum Michx. 1803. B&B: unlisted.
(Included in S. cyperinus in Britton & Brown 1913). "This is a doubtful species acc. to
Britton & Brown 1952, who consider it as a polymorphic form of Scirpus cyperinus (L.)
Kunth." (Stieber 1967).
Coarse tall native herb.
Habitat: "Openings along streams and swales" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Glen Burnie, Sawmill Pond, 9/25/1900, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
326. Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray 1848. Shr.408, B&B.223
(Scirpus maritimus var. fluviatilis Torr. 1836)
(River Bulrush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Borders of lakes and large streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Hills Bridge 6/16/1907, Forrest Shreve 1649 (US) (Shreve et al 1910, Stieber 1967). Four county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (tentative identification, Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: Shreve's #1649 may be #1549; he collected #1548, 1552, 1553 same date. US (Stieber 1971).
327. Scirpus georgianus Harper
[Scirpus atrovirens var. georgianus (Harper) Fern.] B&B.225
(Bulrush)
Frequency: "Found growing with [S. atrovirens]. Probably more common in Western Maryland or at higher altitudes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1993).
328. Scirpus olneyi A. Gray 1845. Shr.407, B&B.221
Gleason & Cronquist 1991 lump S. olneyi and S. americanus under S. pungens.
(Olney's Bulrush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Salt marshes" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh marshes, often forming extensive pure stands" (Shreve et al 1910). "Saline or brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Java Farm & Ivy Neck, abundant in most tidal marshes where salinity and flooding are moderate" (Higman 1977). Seventeen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
329. Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl Shr.408, B&B.225
(Many-tufted Bulrush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and borders of ponds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps, marshes, and borders of ponds" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Waterbury 7/17/1927, H. Hasselbring (GH). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: GH.
330. Scirpus purshianus Fern. B&B.221
(Pursh's Bulrush) Annual herb.
Habitat: "Sandy to muddy shores and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
331. Scirpus robustus Pursh 1814. Shr.408, B&B.223
(Saltmarsh Bulrush, Stout Bulrush)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Brackish or salt marshes" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In fresh or brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Brackish or saline coastal marshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Valentine River beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn River 1 1/4 mi. NE of Annapolis 10/9/1938, F. J. Hermann 9991 (GH). E. bank of the Severn R. near Annapolis 10/9/1938, F. J. Hermann (US) (Stieber 1967). Cape Anne, in a saltmarsh 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 1 meter high, in a saltmarsh 8/8/1966, Stieber 115 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in tidal marshes e.g., Fox Point, Muddy Creek channel, head of Cheston Creek), Higman 56, 857 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cypress Creek 9/14/1986, Steven R. Hill 17363 (GH). Twelve county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek 9/28/91, Longbottom pc)
Herbaria: CBC. GH. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
332. Scirpus rubricosus Fernald B&B.225
(Red Woolgrass) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Marshes of Fox Creek at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent in fresh marshes (Fox Creek marsh and Phalaris meadow), Higman 190, 495 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna; Round Bay Bog; Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
333. Scirpus smithii A. Gray 1867. B&B.221
(Bluntscale Bulrush, Smith's Clubrush, Weak-stalked Clubrush)
Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Wet shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Low sandy coastal areas.
Frequency: Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, moist, low sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 116 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
334. Scirpus validus Vahl B&B.223
According to Brown & Brown (1984), our plants probably belong to the following variety:
Scirpus validus var. creber Fernald B&B.223
(Great American Bulrush, Great Bulrush) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Margins of ponds and quiet streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Fresh to brackish marshes" (Stieber 1971). "Margins of ponds, quiet waters and marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). South R. at Rt. 50, sandy shore 6/11/1966, Stieber 117 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in tidal marshes at Hog Island and head of Cheston Creek, co-dominant with Typha latifolia in the latter marsh, Higman 257, 294, 737 (CBC) (As var. creber; Higman 1977). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978 (As var. creber). Patuxent River, S. of Rt.4, Mill Creek, Wayson's Corner 8/3/1982, Steven R. Hill 11864 (GH). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. GH. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
335. Scleria triglomerata Michx. 1803. Shr.409, B&B.236
(Tall Nut-rush, Three-clustered Nut-rush, Whip-grass)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low, usually sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Moist sands; dry to moist open woods; meadows; ponds.
Records: "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, in a pond, assoc. with Typha, Cyperus, Scirpus 7/1/1966, Stieber 118 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
26. Araceae (Arum Family)
336. Acorus calamus L. 1753. Shr.413, B&B.298
(Sweetflag, Sweet Flag)
Native emergent aquatic perennial herb. Leaves (2-6 ft.), somewhat like Typha; spadix somewhat like Orontium, but not terminal.
Habitat: "Margins of rivulets, swamps, etc." (Gray 1867). "In swamps and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Fresh water, swamps, or shallow water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hills Bridge (Shreve #1546; see Shreve et al 1910); presumably collected 6/16/1907, as were #1548 & 1552. E. of Upper Marlboro, on the marshy shore of the Patuxent R. 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). "Abundant (pure stands) in Flat Creek tidal marsh on upper South River" (Higman 1977). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: Shreve's #1546 may be at MARY, as is #1552 (Dryopteris cristata). US (Stieber 1971).
337. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott var. triphyllum
[Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Blume 1835] B&B.294
[Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torr. 1843] Shr.413
(Arum triphyllum L. 1753)
(Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip)
Native perennial herb. Hooded spathe. Ht. 10-36". Leaves pale beneath. Spadix club-shaped.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie 6/2/1921, Frederick V. Coville (US) (Steiber 1967). Manresa, near rotting logs with stands of Podophyllum in a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 122 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in moist hardwood forests, Higman 72, 600 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Martins Pond ravine. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/1988. Poplar woods, Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
338. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott var. pusillum Peck 1898.
[Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott] B&B.294
[Arisaema pussilum (Peck) Nash ex Britton 1901]
(Small Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Peck's Jack-in-the-Pulpit)
Native perennial herb. Hooded spathe. Ht. 8-15". Leaves green both sides.
Habitat: "In open sunny bogs" (Britton 1901). "Moist shaded areas" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Throughout CBC, infrequent in moist hardwood forests, Higman 544 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
339. Orontium aquaticum L. 1753. Shr.413, B&B.298
(Golden-club)
Native emergent aquatic perennial herb. Leaves elliptic, entire. Spadix terminal, golden in flower.
Habitat: "In swamps and ponds" (Britton 1901). "Most abundant in fresh marshes along the upper waters of tidal streams; infrequent in swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). Pond margins.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: (No locale) 5/29/1878, John Donnell Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Furnace Branch (Plitt 4/22/1899). Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). Head of Lake Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904, 4/29/1905; "more than an acre" of this plant). Hills Bridge, Shreve 1544 (Shreve et al 1910); presumably collected 6/16/1907, as were #1548 & #1552. E. of Upper Marlboro, on the marshy shore of the Patuxent R. 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run, between Rt. 3 & delta 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Cove of Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993; 1999, p.351). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary: (Mason et al 1991); also 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Shore of Severn River, near springhole east of Sewell Spring Branch, several plants 4/13/1991. Behind barn, Anne Arundel Community College Woods (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: Shreve's #1544 may be at MARY, as is #1552 (Dryopteris cristata). US (Stieber 1971).
340. Peltandra virginica (L.) Kunth 1841. Shr.413, B&B.296
(Arum virginicum L. 1753)
(Peltandra undulata Raf. 1819
(Arrow-arum, Tuckahoe)
Native emergent aquatic perennial herb. Leaves hastate to saggitate.
Habitat: "In swamps or shallow water" (Britton 1901). "In fresh marshes and about the edges of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). Shallow fresh or brackish water.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, in a swamp of the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 123 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Infrequent in fresh part of tidal marsh at head of South River (Higman 1977). Eighteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 5/8/1982, 5/11/1986, 6/14/1987, 6/14/1992 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984; extant 9/15/1990). Shore of College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary by Gene Cooley
(Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Tidal shore of Chase Creek 1947. Heads of Martins Pond, Luce Creek, Saltworks Creek. Sackett/Calvin Gray property at Rock Cove.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
341. Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nuttall 1818. B&B.296
(Dracontium foetidum L. 1753)
[Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf. 1808] Shr.413
(Skunk Cabbage)
Native perennial herb. Leaves broad, 1-3 ft. long, in large crowns.
Habitat: "In moist forests and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and wet soil" (Britton 1901). Wet floodplains and seeps.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Brooklyn (Plitt 3/11/1899, 2/15/1900). Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). Two county wooded swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1977. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Round Bay Bog 2/1/1991, Longbottom 1406 (AACC). Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Chartwell Branch at Severn River 3/26/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run (floodplain below Lake Marion). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Little Magothy watershed (Cat Branch along Cape St. Claire Road). Whitehall Creek watershed (floodplains along Rt. 50). Back Creek watershed (SPCA prop.). Sewell Spring Branch lowlands. Jabez Branch lowlands. Indian Creek Branch lowlands. Hopkins Creek bottom. Bear Branch near Pointfield Landing 5/16/1992.
Herbaria: AACC.
27. Lemnaceae (Duckweed Family)
342. Lemna minor L. 1753. Shr.413, B&B.299
(Common Duckweed, Lesser Duckweed)
Very small native floating aquatic herb. Single root.
Habitat: "In ponds, lakes, and stagnant waters" (Britton 1901). "In ponds and slow streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, floating in a pond, common 6/14/1966, Stieber 124 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, abundant on small cut-off pond below Sand Point on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 1225 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond). Jonas Green pond.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
343. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden 1839. Shr.413, B&B.298
(Lemna polyrhiza L. 1753)
(Greater Duckweed, Big Duckweed, Water-flaxweed)
Very small native floating aquatic herb. Two or more roots.
Habitat: "In rivers, ponds, pools and shallow lakes" (Britton & Brown 1913. "In ponds and quiet waters" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "In a pond at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, abundant on small cut-off pond below Sand Point with Lemna minor, Higman 1226 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three stations at Severn Run (Severn Run Watershed Management Study 1978). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Arden Pond.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Wolffia sp.
Records: Cattail Creek Pond 6/9/1991 (Sipple 1993).
344. Wolffia columbiana Karsten B&B.299
(Columbian Watermeal)
Extremely small (0.7-1.5 mm.) floating aquatic herb. No root, nearly
globular.
Habitat: "In stagnant ponds, pools, and shallow lakes" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: Reported from the Eastern Shore and Delaware.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
ADD: Wolffia brasiliensis Weddell
(Wolffia papulifera C. H. Thompson 1898) B&B.299
[Bruniera punctata (Griseb.) Nieuwl.]
(Wolffia punctata Griseb.)
(Brazilian Watermeal)
The lumping of these three species is comparatively recent. Older manuals hold W. punctata to be separate, being convex, but without a conical raised center. W. papulifera is an extremely small (1 mm.) floating aquatic herb; no roots, nearly globular, upper surface dotted, with a conical raised center.
Habitat: Stagnant water of ponds.
Frequency: W. papulifera reported from Worcester County by Hirst and Cavileer 1971 (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Rucker's Pond 7/23/2000; W. papulifera very plentiful in stagnant water; length of small chains of plants gave individual diameters of 1 mm.; slight conical contour and dotted surface visible under 10x lens with oblique lighting.
345. Wolffiella floridana (J. D. Smith) Thompson 1897 B&B.299
(Wolffia floridana J. D. Smith 1895)
(Wolffia gladiata var. floridana J. D. Smith 1880)
J. D. Smith refers to John Donnell Smith (see Robinson & Fernald 1908, p.30), who collected
many plant species in Anne Arundel County.
(Wolffiella)
Small (4-14 mm.) floating aquatic herb. No root; flat, curved. Plants often tangled in small mats.
Habitat: "Ponds, roadside ditches, streams, swamps and marshes" (Radford et al 1968). "Stagnant or quiet water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/X (Highly State Rare, not seen since before 1950. 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
28. Xyridaceae (Yellow-eyed Grass Family)
ADD: Xyris sp.
(Yellow-eyed Grass)
Native rush-like herb. Scape bearing a cone-like flower head. Five or six species in Md.
Records: Eagle Hill Bog; Angels Bog; South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/92 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Forked Creek (Blue Lake). Cattail Creek (margin of pond above Rt. 2). Dam, lower pond, Chartwell Golf Course 7/16/88.
346. Xyris caroliniana Walt. 1788. Shr.414, B&B.301
(Xyris jupacai Michx. 1803)
(Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass)
Native perennial rush-like herb.
Habitat: "In marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Wet sandy soil about acidic ponds. "In swamps and bogs" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie 9/1/1897, T. H. Knowlton (US) (Stieber 1967). Saw Mill Pond (Wagner's Pond) Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899, 8/5/1899, 9/6/1899). Bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; P.185). 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a sedge bog 9/26/1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Mt. Carmel in a fresh pond 9/1/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
29. Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort Family)
ADD: Eriocaulon sp.
(Pipewort)
Native erect perennial aquatic herbs. Tufted, almost grass-like, with an angled scape bearing a globe-like flower head. Four species in Md.
Records: Saw Mill Pond (Wagner's Pond) Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/5/1899). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
347. Eriocaulon compressum Lam. B&B.303
(Flattened Pipewort)
Native perennial emergent aquatic herb. Scape 10-12 angled.
long-tapering leaf tips.
Habitat: "In still shallow water" (Britton 1901). Pine barren swamps.
Frequency: Unknown in Md. to Shreve et al 1910 - see pp. 86, 87.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Rare Uncertain.
Records: Saw Mill Pond (Wagner's Pond) Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/5/1899).
348. Eriocaulon decangulare L. Shr.414, B&B.303
(Ten-angled Pipewort)
Native perennial emergent aquatic herb. Scape 10-14 angled. Obtuse leaf tips.
Habitat: Wet acid soils. "In swamps" (Britton 1901). "Fresh marshes and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Confined to the Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Rare.
Records: North county (Plitt 7/19/99). Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).
349. Eriocaulon septangulare With. 1776. Shr.414, B&B.305
(Eriocaulon articulatum Morong 1891)
(Nasmythia articulata Huds. 1778)
(Seven-angled Pipewort, Duck-grass, White-buttons)
Native perennial emergent aquatic herb. Scape 4-7 angled.
Habitat: "In still water or on shores" (Britton 1901). "Shallow ponds" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910). Now extirpated.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond 9/26/1950, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Mt. Carmel in a fresh pond 9/1/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
30. Commelinaceae (Spiderwort Family)
ADD: Aneilema keisak Hasskarl. B&B: not listed
Decumbent herb naturalized from eastern Asia.
Habitat: Fresh tidal marshes and streambanks.
Frequency: “Va. To Ga.” (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Sightings: Rucker’s Pond (Chase Creek watershed) July 2002; abundant at shady shoreline, reaching into shallow water (Identified by Sipple).
350. Commelina communis L. 1753. B&B.305
(Commelina willdenovii Kunth 1843)
(Common Dayflower, Asiatic Dayflower)
Common annual herb naturalized from Asia. Leaves lanceolate. Two larger petals pale blue, smaller white.
Habitat: "A frequent weed of dooryards and gardens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Waste places" (Britton 1901). "Moist shaded thickets and woods..." (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "A frequent garden weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Wayson's Corner, shaded dense stand in a moist ditch 6/5/1966, Stieber 125 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary (Mason, Longbottom, Swarth 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
351. Commelina communis L. var. ludens (Miquel) C. B. Clarke B&B.305
(Dayflower)
Herb. Leaves lanceolate. Larger petals deep violet-blue.
Habitat: "Same habitats" (As C. communis) (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "A common weed on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent on Old Muddy Creek Road, probably infrequent on roadsides throughout CBC, Higman 352 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
352. Commelina erecta L. 1753 B&B.307
(Slender Dayflower)
Erect perennial herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Upper two petals blue, lower white.
Habitat: "In moist soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy woods and on rock outcrops" (Grimm 1968). "Pine woods on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Sightings: Back Creek watershed (SPCA property) D. H. Williams, pc Sept. 1988.
353. Commelina virginica L. 1762 B&B.305
(Virginia Dayflower)
Perennial herb. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Petals all blue.
Habitat: "Damp rich woods and banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Moist woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C: State declining. 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/4/1988 (Sipple 1993). Listed (1990) by Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary as occurring on property. Jug Bay (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: At far end of woods road, near pawpaws, Jug Bay Wetlands
Sanctuary (David H. Williams, pc 2/7/89).
354. Tradescantia virginiana L. 1753 Shr.414, B&B.307
(Spiderwort, Spiderlily) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In rich soil, mostly in woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). Often an escape from cultivation. "In moist waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
31. Pontederiaceae (Pickerelweed Family)
355. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. 1892. Shr.414, B&B.310
[Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small.]
(Commelina dubia Jacq. 1768)
(Water Stargrass)
Native freshwater herb; leaves linear, floating; flowers yellow.
Habitat: "In still water" (Britton 1901). Shallow freshwater, occasionally on mud.
Records: Lerch Creek (tributary of West River) - See Northeast Quarter Map 35, Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985.
356. Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon 1798. Shr.414, B&B.309
(Leptanthus reniformis Michx. 1803)
(Roundleaf Mud Plantain)
Native perennial herb. Leaves kidney-shaped, flowers white.
Habitat: "In mud or shallow water" (Britton 1901). "In shallow water about the edges of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Muddy bank of a pond at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in mud near hog pond at head of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 874 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Head of Blackwalnut Creek (Williams, pc 2/7/1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
357. Pontederia cordata L. 1753. Shr.414, B&B.309
(Common Pickerelweed)
Native perennial emergent aquatic. Lanceolate leaves, blue flowers.
Habitat: "Borders of ponds and streams" (Britton 1901). "In marshes and swamps and about the edges of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common in the Coastal Zone, less frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Between Glen Burnie & Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Six county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Kinder Park pond 7/23/1989 (Sipple 1993). Main Creek at Maywood Ave. 9/17/90, Longbottom 1199 (AACC). Marshy meadow at NW side Marley Creek between Rts. 648 & 10, 7/21/90, Longbottom 891 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: County-owned pond near Woodwardville.
Herbaria: AACC.
32. Juncaceae (Rush Family)
358. Juncus acuminatus Michx. 1803. Shr.415, B&B.318
(Tapertip Rush, Sharp-fruited Rush)
Native herb. Stem knotty-leaved.
Habitat: "In open wet grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp soil, edge of ponds" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn River, about 0.5 mi. from the head in moist soil 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on dry bank of hog pond at head of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 997 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Kinder Park pond 7/23/1989 (Sipple 1993). Cattail Creek pond 7/12/1990 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
359. Juncus bufonius L. 1753. Shr.415, B&B.312
(Toad Rush)
Native annual herb. stems grassy-leaved, 3-9 in. high.
Habitat: "Low grounds by roadsides" (Gray 1867). "Frequenting dried-up pools, borders of streams and roadsides in clayey soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, abundant in fresh marsh at head of Cheston Creek (co-dominant with Eleocharis palustris); infrequent at forest margin of cornfield; Higman 739, 838 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
360. Juncus caesariensis Coville 1894. B&B.316
(New Jersey Rush) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Sandy swamps of southern New Jersey" (Britton 1901). Wet peaty places. Pine barren bogs. Sphagnum swamps, springs, ponds.
Heritage Rating: 1988: A3/X (Nationally rare, close to extinction throughout range, not reported in Maryland since before 1950). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Glen Burnie Bog 8/19/1905 Chrysler 200 (GH, MARY, NA) (See Reveal & Broome 1981; also Broome et al 1979; A. V. P. Smith 1938). For map of Md., Va. & N. J. stations, see Compendium of Natural Features, Vol. I, pp. D24-25.
Herbaria: GH, MARY, NA.
361. Juncus canadensis J. Gay 1825. Shr.415, B&B.316
(Canada Rush)
Native perennial herb. Knotty-leaved, like J. acuminatus, but late flowering.
Habitat: "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Marshy places, bogs.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severna, in a beach swamp 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US), (Stieber 1967). "Beach along the Valentine R." 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on bank of Muddy Creek north fork, above old entrance road, Higman 792 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984), & 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984); 6/10/1992 & 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
362. Juncus dichotomus Ell. Shr.415, B&B.314
(Forked Rush) Herb; stems grassy-leaved; height 1.5 to 2 ft.
Habitat: "Low sandy grounds" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Peat and damp sand" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "On Coastal Plain, common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in Hog Island tidal marsh (Panicum virgatum community); Ivy Neck, solitary at marshy north end of old field on Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 304, 749 (CBC) (Higman 1977). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2002 (See The Maryland Naturalist Summer 2001).
Herbaria: CBC.
363. Juncus diffusissimus Buckley 1862. B&B.321
(Diffuse Rush) Native herb.
Habitat: "Wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: Reported from A. A. Co. by Stieber, according to Brown & Brown 1984.
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
364. Juncus effusus L. 1753. Shr.415, B&B.312
(Common Rush, Soft Rush, Bog Rush)
Native perennial herb. Unleaved scape.
Habitat: "Marshy grounds" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In wet open situations, ditches and ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). Fresh marshes.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Eight county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Severn Run behind Millersville P. O. 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). Near Kinder Park pond 6/10/1992
(Sipple 1993).
365. Juncus effusus L. var. compactus Lejeune & Courtois. B&B: not listed.
This is a northern form, occurring s. to N. J., W. Va. & Mich. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
(Rush)
Habitat: "Swales, wet thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, growing in water along the Severn R. 6/1/1966, Stieber 127 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
366. Juncus effusus L. var. solutus Fernald & Wieg. B&B.312
(Rush)
Records: Magothy R. May 1904, Charles C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Road to Nabb's Creek 7/9/1904, Charles C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, wet sandy low area with Typha & Cyperus 7/1/1966, Stieber 126 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Infrequent in marshes at Java Farm and Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent at marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent at marshy north end of old field at Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 748, 880 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1967). US (Stieber 1971).
367. Juncus gerardii Loisel. 1809. Shr.415, B&B.314
(Black Grass, Black Rush)
Grassy-leaved native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Salt marshes" Gray 1867). "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sherwood Forest, in a marsh of the Severn 8/16/1930, G. M. & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, wet area with Typha & Cyperus 7/1/1966, Stieber 128 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
368. Juncus marginatus Rostkovius 1801. Shr.415, B&B.316
(Shore Rush, Grass-leaved Rush) Grassy-leaved native herb.
Habitat: "Moist sandy places" (Gray 1867). "In moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Grassy places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severna, beach swamp 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Mimosa Cove near Deale, in a sandy field 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
369. Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer 1823. Shr.415, B&B.321
(Bog Rush, Brown-fruited Rush)
Native herb. Stems knotty-leaved.
Habitat: "Sandy, wet or swampy places" (Gray 1867). "Damp shores, pools, wet sands" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Natural Range: "Newfoundland to New Jersey, Ontario and Minnesota" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Waterford 8/31/1904, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie: Shreve #2063 (Shreve et al 1910). 2 mi. NW of Gibson I. in muck-bottomed shallow pools 9/26/1950, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967), also 11/12/1950, Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). S. arm of Cypress Creek 9/8/1951, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Mt. Carmel, in a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
370. Juncus pelocarpus E. Meyer var. crassicaudex Engelm. B&B: not listed.
(Juncus abortivus Chapm.)
(Pine-barrens Rush)
Range: S.e. Va. to Fla. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Records: (1) North Grays Bog: "Dominates the herbaceous layer [1977-1980]... no evidence of the floating mats of pine-barrens rush [3/13/98]" (Sipple 1999, p.377).
(2) Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). "Some, scattered" 8/13/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.369).
(3) Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). 7/17/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.381).
(4) Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(5) Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). "Infrequent" 8/4/1995 (Sipple 1999, p.373).
(6) South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(7) Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
371. Juncus roemerianus Scheele 1849. Shr.415, B&B.314
(Black Needle Rush, Roemer's Rush)
Native herb. Stout scape 2-3 ft. high.
Habitat: "Brackish marshes" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: One county brackish-marsh station (near Shadyside) mapped by Sipple 1978.
372. Juncus scirpoides Lam. 1789. Shr.415, B&B.318
(Needlepod Rush, Scirpus-like Rush)
Native herb, 1-3 ft. high.
Habitat: "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp sandy soil at border of pinelands and pools" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: NE of Bowie, border of a field 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US)
(Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
373. Juncus secundus Beauv. 1813. Shr.415, B&B.314
(Juncus tenuis var. secundus Engelm.)
(Secund Rush)
Native herb, smaller than J. tenuis; leaf-sheath auricles different.
Habitat: "Sandy or sterile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open areas with dry, sterile soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent; on the Coastal Plain and Serpentine areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424 6/7/1966, Stieber 129 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967), US (Stieber 1971).
374. Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Coville & Blake B&B.316
(Rush)
Habitat: "Swamps, bogs, and wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Chiefly coastal; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
375. Juncus tenuis Willd. 1799. Shr.415, B&B.314
(Path Rush, Poverty Rush, Slender Rush)
Native herb. Very narrow grassy leaves. Wiry stems 9-18 in. high.
Habitat: "Low grounds, fields, and roadsides" (Gray 1867). "In dry or moist soil, especially on paths" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In moist and dry waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...grows in places where other plants 'cannot take it' as in paths and other much traversed places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Road to Nabb's Creek 7/9/1904, C. C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Severna, a beach swamp 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in moist sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 130 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant on various dry open sites, Higman 24, 173, 796 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Jacobsville Park, Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
376. Juncus tenuis forma anthelatus (Wieg.) F. J. Hermann B&B: Not listed.
Records: Java Farm, solitary in broken pavement at Fox Point, under Quercus prinus canopy, Higman 434 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
377. Luzula acuminata Raf. B&B.323
(Hairy Woodrush) Low native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Partly cleared woods, bluffs" (Stieber 1971). "Woods and open fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Head of the South R., in a partly cleared woods 6/7/1946, Neil Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
378. Luzula bulbosa (Wood) Rydb. B&B.321
(Luzula campestris var. bulbosa A. Wood)
(Bulbous Woodrush) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woods, generally near streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
379. Luzula echinata (Small) F. J. Hermann B&B.321
[Luzula campestris (L.) D.C. var. echinata (Small) Fernald & Wieg.]
(Sea-urchin-like Woodrush) Low native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woodland and saline shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Infrequent in moist woods at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent in mixed hardwood forest on south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel, Higman 717, 1097 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
380. Luzula multiflora
Habitat:
Frequency:
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
33. Liliaceae (Lily Family)
381. Allium canadense L. 1753. B&B.333
(Wild Garlic, Canada Garlic, Meadow Garlic)
Bulbous native herb. Leaves flat, not hollow. Ht. to 1 ft.
Habitat: "Moist meadows" (Gray 1867). "Low woods, thickets and meadows" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "A weed...widely spread in moist meadows and fields" (Jaques 1959).
Records: St. James Church, in clay soil near a fallow field 6/27/1966, Stieber 131 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
382. Allium sativum L. B&B.333
(Garlic)
Bulbous herb introduced from Western Asia. Leaves flat.
Habitat: "Roadsides and pastures" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Occasionally escaped; Queen Anne's County & W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy-clay soil 6/7/1966, Stieber 132 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
383. Allium vineale L. 1753. Shr.416, B&B.333
(Field Garlic, Wild Onion)
Bulbous herb naturalized from Europe; leaves round, lower part hollow. Ht. about 1 ft., fruiting stem up to 3 ft.
Habitat: "Moist meadows and fields; a vile weed eastward" (Gray 1868). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields, meadows and along roadsides. Common on sandy soil" (Jaques 1959).
"Grasslands, fallow fields, near marshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A...most diabolical lawn weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: No locale, 6/8/1880, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967)). Rt. 424 at Rt. 50, also farm area off Rt. 2 S. of Lothian 6/27/1966, Stieber 133 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, moderately abundant to abundant in old fields and in moist, moderately shaded sites, Higman 784 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
384. Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Gray B&B.327
[Chrosperma muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.416
(Melanthium muscaetoxicum A. Gray 1837)
(Melanthium muscaetoxicum Walt. 1788)
(Fly-poison, Crow-poison, Hellebore)
Erect perennial herb; raceme cylindrical, white. Bulb very poisonous.
Habitat: "Open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Bogs and dry open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 - Watch List
Records: Near Glen Burnie (Plitt 5/30/1899). Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/26/1906). "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910).
385. Asparagus officinale L. 1753. B&B.341
(Asparagus officinalis L. 1753) Shr.417
(Garden Asparagus)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Sparingly escaped from gardens into waste places on the Coast" (Gray 1867). "In waste situations near tidewater" (Shreve et al 1910). "Sandy fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, 10/29/1879, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, along RR tracks in sandy-clay soil 10/3/1966, Stieber 135 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary by brick wall of duck pond area; Ivy Neck, infrequent on sandbars, upland portions of tidal marshes, and muddy shores of Scaffold and Cheston Creeks; Higman 740 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Uplands at Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Cove of Cork sandbar.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
386. Erythronium americanum Ker. Shr.416, B&B.339
(Trout Lily, Dog-tooth Violet, Yellow Adder's-tongue, Fawn-lily)
Perennial. Mottled leaf. Flower yellowish, petals auricled at base.
Habitat: "Low copses" (Gray 1867). "Rich ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Rich woods, especially on floodplains, forming large colonies" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones." (Shreve et al 1910)
Records: "Lothian, abundant on floodplain of Rock Branch, above Sands Road, with Claytonia virginica" Higman 1386 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Plentiful in a rich wooded swale at Truxtun Park with other non-typical wildflowers (Dutchman's breeches & Virginia bluebells). D. H. Williams stated 4/12/90 that the trout lilies have multiplied very rapidly; therefore, they must be of recent origin, almost certainly planted by a wildflower enthusiast. Another site where transplanted specimens (from the Patuxent) have spread and become naturalized is on a south-facing slope under large tuliptrees gardened by Mrs. Carl Ortman, Rt. 648 & Old Frederick Road, Arnold (4/22/1996).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
387. Helonias bullata L. 1753. B&B.325
(Swamp Pink)
Native perennial. Erect pink raceme above rosette of evergreen basal leaves.
Habitat: "Wet places" (Gray 1867). "Confined to pine barren habitats" (Shreve et al 1910, p. 86). "It prefers the seclusion of almost inaccessible stream beds, where it flourishes on little hummocks just above water level". (Edgerton, 1936 Natural History Society of Maryland Bulletin). "Swamps and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984). Sphagnous wet places.
Frequency: "Rare and local" (Gray 1867). No Maryland stations known to Shreve et al 1910 - see p. 86,87. Only one Md. station (A. A. Co. 1952) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979. In 1990 two stations were extant in Cecil Co., and two in upper A. A. Co.
Heritage Rating: 1988: A2 (Nationally threatened, in danger of extinction rangewide). 1991: Endangered; Federal LT (Threatened). 2001: S2 (State rare) Endangered.
Records:
(1) In a floodplain meadow near "Forest Home" (Plitt 5/2/03, 4/29/05). This was probably the one Md. station (A. A. Co. 1952) noted by Broome et al (Dec. 1979). Extant in 1958 (See Haven Kolb, Maryland Naturalist 1958). Photographed for Maryland Naturalist by Charles Stine in 1964, according to Gene Cooley. See Reveal & Broome 1982: "The one Anne Arundel site where the plant was found in 1952 (Worthley, pers. comm., 1979, 1981; Kolb, pers. comm., 1979) has since been developed and the habitat destroyed." Rucker believes he located the site on Marley Creek Branch in March 1990. Stormwater runoff from apartment buildings has greatly eroded the upstream ravine, and a large alluvial fan has covered the floodplain meadow. No plants were seen in the dense, very wet shrub-swamp downstream. Also see Sipple 1999, pp.340-342.
(2) A station found "in the swamp near Stony Run below Elkridge" by Plitt in 1904 (See Fessenden, Wildflower, July 1955, p.53) is thought to be the one relocated by Wayne A. Klockner about 1984. It is in a sphagnous lowland woods of pitch pine, ash, and red maple on BWI Airport property. Clearing of the site by the BWI authorities was narrowly avoided.
(3) Stony Creek: Noted by C. C. Plitt, 1906 (Sipple 1999, p.345). Rediscovered by Nancy Kelly in 1988, while surveying the property for a new residential development. The site is a wooded sphagnous lowland of red maple and pitch pine on the watershed of Stony Creek, off Solley Road. This station has 200 or more plants along a tiny stream. Extensive bulldozing of the adjoining upland woods was underway on 4/12/90.
(4) At the headwaters of Stony Run in Severn, a small privately-owned station was discovered ca. 1991. Near Cedar Drive, in Severn Ridge, it was reported (The Capital, August 1993) to be threatened by a proposed sewer-line project.
(5) Three small patches near Waterford Branch above Elvaton Road
11/3/1989 by Wm. S. Sipple (Sipple 1993).
388. Hemerocallis fulva L. 1762. Shr.416, B&B.335
(Common Day Lily, Orange Day Lily, Tawny Day-lily)
Perennial herb. Native of China, introduced from Europe. Many local plants have additional lobes within the six-parted corolla, and are, presumably, an old-fashioned selection.
Habitat: "Roadsides and borders of thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Common escape from cultivation.
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent near old house north of entrance road; persistent after cultivation; Higman 961 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property, in poplar woods. Hopkins Creek watershed under powerline. Poplar woods, Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
389. Lilium canadense L. 1753. Shr.416, B&B.337
(Canada Lily, Wild Yellow Lily)
Native herb; flowers drooping; leaves whorled, with rough margins.
Habitat: "Moist meadows and bogs" (Gray 1968). "In swamps, meadows and fields" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Moist soil of fields and thickets (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare on the Coastal Plain; infrequent elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).
390. Lilium superbum L. 1762. Shr.416, B&B.337
(Turk's Cap Lily)
Native perennial herb; flowers drooping; leaves whorled, smooth.
Habitat: "Rich low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In meadows and marshes" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Floodplain of upper Waterford Branch 4/30/1993 (Sipple 1999, p.343).
Sightings: Under power line at Nevamar (Longbottom, pc 1991). Severn Run NEA between Dicus Mill Rd. & New Cut Rd.
391. Maianthemum canadense Desf. 1807. B&B.343
[Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene 1888] Shr.417
(Smilacina bifolia var. canadensis A. Gray 1856)
(Canada Mayflower, False Lily-of-the-valley)
Low (2-5 in.) native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901).
Records:
(1) Near Forest Home, with Helonias (Plitt 5/2/03, 4/29/05); site thought to have been located on Marley Creek Branch, no plants seen 1990.
(2) Stony Run, with Helonias; C. C. Plitt (Sipple 1999, p.347).
(3) Waterford branch below Rt. 2, 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993).
(4) Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Stony Run at BWI (Low sphagnous woodland with Helonias bullata); identified by Wayne A. Klockner in 1985.
392. Medeola virginiana L. 1753. Shr.418, B&B.347
(Indian Cucumber-root)
Slender erect native herb, 1-2 ft. tall; leaves in one or two whorls.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, 5/18/1878, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Lothian, infrequent on margin of upland and floodplain of Rock Branch, above Sands Road, Higman 1375 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Lake Waterford 5/22/1990, Longbottom 607 (AACC). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Mill Creek (McCann property). Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/88. A. A. Community College Woods (Longbottom pc 1991). Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
393. Ornithogalum umbellatum L. 1753. Shr.417, B&B.339
(Star-of-Bethlehem)
Small perennial herb introduced from Europe; leaves linear, flowers erect, white.
Habitat: "In fields and meadows" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in lawns, fields, meadows and unsuspected places" (Jaques 1959).
Records: St. James Church, in disturbed clay ground near a field 5/21/1966, Stieber 134 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary along survey baseline in "poison ivy field", Higman 1146 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, Lots 705, 706).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
394. Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. 1817. Shr.418, B&B.347
(Convalleria biflora Walt. 1788)
[Salomonia biflora (Walt.) Britton]
(Small Solomon's Seal)
Native herb, leaves smooth above and below. Note that earlier manuals hold that P. biflorum is "sometimes smooth", or "pubescent beneath", a description now accomodated by P. pubescens.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "Dry to moist, often rocky, woods and thickets." (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Sawmill Pond 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (SPCA property - Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Rock Branch floodplain (Higman, margin note on 1977 study). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Truxtun Park. Rays Pond watershed (woods above Iliffs pond 4/23/91).
395. Polygonatum canaliculatum (Muhl.) Pursh B&B.347
(Polygonatum giganteum Dietr. 1835)
[Polygonatum commutatum (R.& S.) Dietr. 1835] Shr.418
(Convallaria commutatum R.& S.)
(Salmonia commutata Farwell)
(Great Solomon's Seal, Smooth Solomon's Seal)
Arching native herb, 2-6 ft.; leaves glabrous both sides, 7-19 nerved.
Habitat: "Meadows and river-banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods and along streams, rarely in dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Rich, moist woods and swampy thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fairly common in Western Maryland...rare elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
396. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. 1807. B&B.343
(Convalleria racemosa L. 1753)
[Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. 1894] Shr.417
(False Solomon's-seal, False Spikenard, Wild Spikenard)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Magothy R. 5/31/1876, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1867). Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/1899). Odenton at Rt. 170 & Severn Run, shaded area in a park 6/11/1966, Stieber 136 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in mature mixed hardwood forest near old entrance road, Higman 412, 668 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Truxtun Park. By woods road to Round Bay Bog 9/15/90. Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom 1991 pc). Woods between Herndon Rd. & Blackwalnut Creek, Bay Ridge 10/6/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
397. Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm.) S. Wats. 1890. B&B.355
[Smilax ecirrhatus (Engelm.) S. Wats. ex A. Gray 1890]
(Coprosmanthus herbaceus var. ecirrhata Engelm. 1850)
(Upright Smilax, Upright Greenbrier) Native herb without prickles.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). Open woods.
Frequency: "Western Maryland; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/U (highly state rare, incomplete information). 1991: Status Uncertain.
Records: Rays Pond watershed: Harbour Glen property (Nancy Kelly 1985). This has not been verified; plants at Iliff's ravine are upright, but are likely immature S. pseudo-china.
398. Smilax glauca Walt. 1788. Shr.418, B&B.19
(Smilax spinulosum J. E. Smith 1843)
Md. specimens of S. glauca are probably var. leurophylla Blake; var. glauca occurs from Va.
southward.
(Glaucous Greenbrier, Glaucous-leaved Greenbrier, Cat Greenbrier)
Prickly native woody vine.
Habitat: "In dry sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Open oak-pine woods.
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). Magothy R. 6/3/1921, Fred V. Coville (US) (As var. leurophylla; Stieber 1967). St, James Church, edge of a moist woods, growing on trees 6/5/1966, Stieber 137 (LCU) (As var. leurophylla; Stieber 1967). Odenton, Rt. 170 near Severn Run, Stieber 138 (LCU) (As var. leurophylla; Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point and Hog Island in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 1072 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: College Creek Woods. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (As var. leurophylla; Stieber 1971).
DBT: Smilax hederacea B&B: Not listed.
Doubtful. This unknown taxon may be an error for S. herbacea.
Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium, 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
399. Smilax herbacea L. 1753. Shr.418, B&B.355
(Coprosmanthus herbaceus Kunth 1850)
(Carrion Flower) Native perennial herbaceous vine without prickles.
Habitat: Rich moist soil. "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary by old entrance road in mature hardwood forest, Higman 699 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Waterford Branch below Rt. 2 on 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Truxtun Park, east of pool.
Herbaria: CBC.
400. Smilax pseudo-china L. B&B.353
(Smilax tamnifolia Michx.) Shr.418
(Halberd-leaved Greenbrier, Long-stalked Greenbrier, False China-root)
Native unarmed climbing or upright herb.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Pine-barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Low woods or damp, sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (state rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: "Severn River (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Deciduous swamp at Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's ravine, tentative identification). Rays Pond watershed (rich woods between Iliff's Pond and pasture 4/23/91).
401. Smilax rotundifolia L. 1753. Shr.418, B&B.21
(Common Greenbrier) Native woody vine with stout prickles.
Habitat: Convenient indicator of transitional zone at margins of swamps and wet places. Hydric soils. "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, twining on other plants in a moist woods 6/10/1966 Stieber 139 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, twined on Quercus prinus in an open sandy area 6/14/1966, Stieber 140) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; abundant at upland margins of tidal marshes, infrequent in old fields and forests, Higman 269 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Severn Run 2/21/1983, 6/22/1987 (Sipple 1993). Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park,
Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Severn Run Environmental Area. College Creek Woods 9/14/90. Woods between Herndon Road & Blackwalnut Creek, Bay Ridge 10/6/90.
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
402. Smilax walteri Pursh. 1814. Shr.418, B&B.21
(Red-berried Greenbrier, Walter's Greenbrier)
Native woody vine with prickles near base; coral-red berries.
Habitat: "In wet soil, pine-barrens..." (Britton 1901). "Pine-barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records:
(1) Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). "Anne Arundel County, Patapsco River (Charles C. Plitt)" (perhaps no longer in A. A. Co.) (Shreve et al 1910).
(2) Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp: C. C. Plitt 7/23/1904 (Sipple 1999, p.355). Extant (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(3) Blackhole Creek Bog: Dan Boone, 1985 (Sipple 1999, p.379).
Sightings: Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond by Gene Cooley 1987, and Longbottom 12/6/91 (Longbottom pc 1991).
403. Stenanthium gramineum (Ker) Morong 1894 B&B.327
[Stenanthium angustifolium (Ker) Kunth 1843]
[Veratrum angustifolium (Ker) Pursh 1814]
(Helonias graminea Ker 1813)
(Featherbells, Grass-leaved Stenanthium)
Tall perennial herb with long, grass-like leaves.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Moist open woods, meadows and bogs" (Grimm 1968).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Threatened.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Near Air Force transmitter site, Davidsonville 6/29/89 Longbottom 203 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
404. Uvularia perfoliata L. Shr.416, B&B.331
(Perfoliate Bellwort, Mealy Bellwort, Merry Bells, Straw Bell, Wild Oat).
Native forked erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: 1.1 mi. s. of Odenton P.O. 5/3/1970, Danny Bystrak MARY #026628. Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork and south of old entrance road, Higman 1247 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Community College Woods 4/27/90, Longbottom 541 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (along woods road to Iliffs Pond 4/23/91). Vicinity Round Bay Bog 1991 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC. MARY. AACC.
405. Uvularia sessilifolia L. 1753 Shr.416, B&B.331
(Okesia sessilifolia S. Wats. 1879)
(Sessile-leaved Bellwort, Straw Lily)
Forked erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). At the Solley Road station it is abundant under red maple and pitch pine in the wooded swamp, but does not occur under the tuliptrees bordering this sandy lowland.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records:
(1) Near Forest Home with Helonias. (Plitt 5/2/1903, 4/29/05). Site thought to have been on upper reach of Marley Creek Branch.
(2) Stony Run with Helonias. C. C. Plitt (Sipple 1999, p.347).
(3) Lake Waterford tributary with Helonias. (Sipple 1999, p.347).
(4) Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Abundant throughout sphagnous red maple/pitch pine stream valley off Solley Road with Helonias 4/12/90.
406. Veratrum viride Ait. Shr.416, B&B.331
(White Hellebore, American White Hellebore)
Large leafy perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in Garrett County; rare on the Coastal Plain." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/1899).
Sightings: Anne Arundel Community College woods, probably behind barn 1991 (Longbottom pc).
407. Yucca filamentosa L. 1753. B&B.341
(Adam's Needle) Native.
Habitat: "In sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). Maryland (near the coast) is the northern extension of its range. Anne Arundel specimens may be escapes from cultivation.
Records: "Infrequent on sandy beach at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Colhoun property at Ivy Neck, infrequent on sandy beach below Locust Point, Higman 1076 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Common in abandoned field by road construction trailers at Rt. 3 near Dorr's Corner. College Creek watershed: thicket near Adams Park School 7/18/87.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
34. Dioscoreaceae (Yam Family)
408. Dioscorea batas Dcne. B&B.357
(Cinnamon Vine, Potato Vine, Chinese Yam)
Herbaceous twining vine introduced from China and naturalizing.
Records: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property; very plentiful in moist woods).
409. Dioscorea quaternata (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. B&B.357
(Four-leaved Wild Yam)
Native herbaceous perennial twining vine with whorled leaves.
Habitat: Rich moist open woods and thickets.
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in mature hardwood forest south of old entrance road and in ravines on south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel, Higman 1210 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, lot 728). Charles Monroe property, Winchester. Rays Pond watershed (woods near Iliffs Pond 4/23/91).
Herbaria: CBC.
410. Dioscorea villosa L. 1953. Shr.419, B&B.357
(Wild Yam-root, Atlantic Yam)
Native perennial herbaceous vine.
Habitat: "In moist thickets" (Britton 1901). Wet open woods and swampy thickets.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Head of the Magothy R. vining to a ht. of 4 m. on small trees at the edge of a thicket 1921, no name (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run above Dicus Mill 6/29/1989 Longbottom 194 (AACC). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond 12/6/91 (Longbottom pc).
Sightings: Sewell Spring Branch (path crossing). Truxtun Park. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Lower Gumbottom/Plum Branch 10/15/88. Near Severn Run at Dicus Mill Road, Jan. 1990.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
35. Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis Family)
411. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1894. Shr.418, B&B.361
(Hypoxis erectum L. 1759)
(Ornithogalum hirsutum L. 1753)
(Yellow Stargrass) Small native bulbous herb.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Meadows and open woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open woods and meadows" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on Bluejay Branch floodplain, under Fagus grandifolia canopy, Higman 670 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
412. Narcissus poeticus L. B&B.359
(Poet's Narcissus)
Introduced from Europe. Persists briefly after cultivation.
Habitat: "Meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in yard of old house on hilltop at north boundary, Higman 601 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
413. Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. 1753. B&B.359
(Daffodil) Introduced from Europe, persistent after cultivation, establishing in meadows and floodplains. "Flowers often double" (Britton 1901).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in yard of house on hilltop at north boundary; persistent after cultivation; Higman 552, 586 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Old-fashioned double form; common on alluvium of Rucker's ravine for many years, presumably dating to before 1902).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
36. Iridaceae (Iris Family)
ADD: Iris sp.
(Iris, species unknown)
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1990).
Sightings: In wet sphagnous thickets, Helonias station off Solley Road, 4/12/90.
414. Iris germanica L. B&B.365
(Fleur-de-lis, Flag, Iris) Pale violet flowered European native.
Habitat: "Escaped from gardens to roadsides" (Britton 1901).
Records: Stevens Farm at CBC, ditch beside Muddy Creek Road solitary clone of 6-10 plants (roots left), Higman 1395 (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
415. Iris pseudacoris L. B&B.365
(Yellow Iris, Yellow Flag, Water Flag)
Large hardy garden flower. Native of Europe. Stem 2-4 ft. Leaves to 4 or even 6 ft. Bright yellow beardless flowers.
Habitat: In marshes, and along watercourses throughout Europe and Russian Asia, except the extreme north" (Bentham & Hooker VII; 1924) "Usually in swamps or marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "An infrequent escape; reported from Harford County" (Brown & Brown 1984). "In gardens...the seeds...sow themselves and become a weedlike nuisance" (Wilkinson 1943).
Records: Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker’s swamp near spillway at county road) 5/27/2002; source unknown.
416. Iris verna L. 1753. Shr.419, B&B.365
(Dwarf Iris, Spring Iris) Blue-flowered native perennial herb.
Habitat: "On shaded hillsides and in woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests on sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wooded hillsides"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry acidic sands or damp areas" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Now rare.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records:
(1) Along a woods path to Glen Burnie Bog (Plitt 4/22/1899, 5/1/1906)(see Sipple 1999, p.338). Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Margin of Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).
(2) Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/13/1899).
(3) Marley (Plitt 7/19/1899). Marley area, C. C. Plitt 5/3/1904, 5/5/1905 (Sipple 1999, p.338).
(4) Odenton 5/15/1918, 5/20/1928 W. J. McAtee (US) (Stieber 1967).
(5) Between Lake Waterford and Elvaton, C. C. Plitt 4/29/1922 (Sipple 1999, p.338).
(6) "Along a transmission line on east side of Solley Road...over 500 flowering stems" 4/24/1998; only site now known on Maryland's Upper Coastal Plain. (Sipple 1999, p.340).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
417. Iris versicolor L. 1753. Shr.419, B&B.365
(Iris virginica L. 1753)
(Larger Blue Flag, Water Flag) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes, thickets and wet meadows" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being most common in fresh marshes and swamps im the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Furnace Branch (Plitt 4/22/1899). Marley shore (Plitt 6/17/1899). Between Glen Burnie & Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Four county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980). Severn Run 4/27/1983 (Sipple 1993). Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed, considered an escape (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, also Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Margin of Sullivan Cove Marsh. Stevens Creek.
Sackett/Calvin Gray property at Rock Cove.
418. Sisrhinchium angustifolium Miller 1768. B&B.363
(Sisrhinchium montanum Greene 1899)
(Common Blue-eyed-grass, Pointed Blue-eyed-grass, Stout
Blue-eyed-grass, Northern Blue-eyed-grass)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Fields and hillsides" (Britton 1901). "Meadows, fields and damp sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: NE of Bowie, along a road through a swamp near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on charcoal in yard of burned house on Springhouse Road, Higman 709 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: (Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
419. Sisrhinchium atlanticum Bicknell 1896. B&B.363
(Sisrhinchium apiculatum Bicknell 1899)
(Atlantic Blue-eyed-grass, Eastern Blue-eyed-grass)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist fields, meadows and brackish marshes, often in sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). Damp sandy soil at edge of ponds; meadows, woods.
Records: Wayson's Corner, in a damp area 6/10/1966, Stieber 141
(LCU). (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
420. Sisrhinchium graminoides Bicknell 1896. Shr.419, B&B.363
Habitat: "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In grassy places, in moist or dry soil, sometimes in woods" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist sandy pond edge 6/14/1966, Stieber 142 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
37. Orchidaceae (Orchis Family)
421. Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. 1826. B&B.379
(Cymbidium hyemale Muhl. ex Willd. 1805)
[Aplectrum spicatum (Walt.) B. S. P. 1888] Shr.421
(Aretusa spicata Walt. 1788)
(Putty-root, Adam-and-Eve) Native perennial herb with a single strongly-veined leaf green beneath.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In woods and swamps" (Britton 1901). "Rich woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Rich low moist hardwood forests and moist ravines.
Frequency: "Garrett County, Lower Midland, Cecil and Talbot Counties, frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984). Habitat sensitive; probably county rare.
Records: South Beach, rich woods 5/28/1922, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (periodic appearances of up to fourteen plants at Ruckers Ravine; four seen 4/1991). Rays Pond watershed (one plant near house in swale at Glen Oban). Mill Creek watershed (ravine leading from junction of Arnold Road and Rt. 648, according to Williams 4/12/1990). A. A. Co. Community College woods, south end (Williams, pc 4/12/1990).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
422. Calopogon tuberosus BSP.
[Calopogon pulchellus (Salisb.) R. Br. 1813] B&B.372
[Calopogon pulchellus (Sw.) R. Brown]
(Limodorum tuberosum L. 1753) Shr.421
(Limodorum pulchellum Salisb. 1796)
(Cathea tuberosa Morong)
(Grass Pink).
Habitat: "In open bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Sphagnum bogs or wet shores and meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984). Acid bogs, peaty meadows, sphagnum swamps, low pinelands.
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (highly state rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 - Highly State Rare. Endangered.
Records: "Border of a swamp 7/13/1901, C. C. Plitt 14 (US)(Reed 1964), (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Corallorhiza sp.
(Coral-root)
Records: "Java Farm, infrequent in mature hardwood forest lowland near Muddy Creek tidal channel - Study area 2; found by Denis Whigham" (Higman 1977).
423. Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. 1818. B&B.379
(Cymbidium odontorhizon Willd. 1805)
(Autumn Coralroot, Small Coralroot, Late Coral-root) Native herb.
Habitat: "Dry woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Patuxent Research Refuge near Beech Island 9/22/1942 R. E. Stewart (US Fish & Wildlife Herb.)" (Reed 1964).
Herbaria: USFW.
424. Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad 1829. Shr.421, B&B.379
(Wister's Coral-root) Native herb lacking chlorophyll.
Habitat: "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Mostly in deciduous forests" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
425. Cypripedium acaule Aiton 1789. Shr.419, B&B.369
[Fissipes acaulis (Ait.) Small 1903]
(Pink Lady's Slipper, Moccasin Flower, Stemless Lady's Slipper).
Two-leaved stemless native herb.
Habitat: "In sandy or rocky woods" (Britton 1901). "Dry woods"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908). Loose, humus-rich, highly acidic woodland soils of low fertility. Mature sandy oak or pine woods.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common in the Coastal Zone, less frequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910). County-wide; probably most numerous on the Magothy Formation, and sandy hillside terraces on the Aquia.
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/13/1899). "In a sandy woods, A. A. Co., 5/12/1900. C. C. Plitt (US)" (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967). Below Lake Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905). "Marley 5/5/1906, A. E. Bussey (Reed Herb. 41287)" (Reed 1964). "Elvaton 5/9/1925, F. H. Burner (Reed Lib.)" (Reed 1964). "Crain Highway, N of Severn Run 10/14/1945, Reed 3765" (Reed 1964). "Woods along Chesterfield Road near North River & Rt US No. 50, 7/22/1951, Reed 26366" (Reed 1964). Java Farm, infrequent in moist mature forest of "western triangle" and on north slope of ridge above Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent on road to Corn Island, Higman 476, 669 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Waterford Branch below Rt. 2: 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Pasadena Road gravel pit area 5/18/1990 (Sipple 1993). Marley Creek nr. Forest Home 8/9/1991.
(Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Near pond near Shipleys Choice 5/17/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry, Iliff properties). Rays Pond watershed (near Iliffs Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. REED. US (Stieber 1971).
426. Cypripedium acaule Aiton forma albiflorum Rand & Redfield B&B: forma not listed.
(White-flowered Mocassin Flower)
Frequency: "...has a much more northern range than the pink one and in some sections of northern New England, New York and Canada is nearly as plentiful" (Aiken 1968). Known from a Nature Conservancy property elsewhere in Md.
Records: "In pinewoods, Lake Shore, 5/23/1943. Reed 3765" (Reed 1964).
Herbaria: REED.
427. Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. B&B.374
(Orchis spectabilis L. 1753) Shr.419
[Galeorchis spectabilis (L.) Rydb. ex Britton 1901]
(Showy Orchis)
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve 1910). Moist soil of hardwood forests, often with mayapples.
Frequency: "Throughout the Mountain and Midland Zones, absent from the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910, pp. 73-74). "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910, p. 419).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, Higman 654 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (along woods road to Iliffs Pond 4/23/91). Chase Creek watershed (Iliffs ravine, under mayapples 4/25/1981). Rays Pond watershed 2 plants (by large poplar beside gully above pond) April 2000. Chase Creek watershed - 24 plants in bloom in north-facing swale of Berry property, May 2000. Browns Pond watershed [Rich property ("Severnside") near R.R. r/w]; ca. 15 plants under mayapples 4/24/1981. Arnold Elementary School hill. A. A. Community College woods. Gibson Island: along community nature trail near Cooley's pond - plants may be introduced. Brewer Pond watershed (Sahlin property) one plant 8/9/1995. Corcoran Woods – plants numerous in old tuliptree area 5/2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
428. Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Brown 1813. B&B.381
(Neottia pubescens Willd. 1805)
[Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacM. 1892] Shr.420
[Peramium pubescens (Willd.) Salisb.]
[Epipactus pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eaton 1908]
(Downy Rattlesnake-plantain) Low evergreen herb.
Habitat: "Common; generally in dry coniferous woods, rarer in deciduous woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Moderately acid humus-rich well-drained soil. Ravines & rocky slopes. "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Probably county-wide, but nowhere abundant, and disappearing to development and digging for terrariums.
Records: Gibson Heights, near Baltimore 8/1/1896, Armann Steitz (US) (Stieber 1967). "Woods, Avenel 7/28/1930, Hugh O'Neill (Cath. U)" (Reed 1964). Java Farm, in mature mixed hardwood forest west of Muddy Creek north fork, also solitary at Fox Point, Higman 250 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Benfield Road at Rt. 3: 3/26/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (dry wooded slopes near Iliffs Pond 4/1/90, 4/23/91). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property 1972, now apparently extirpated). Side ravine of lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch. Upper ravine of Brewer Creek. Quarterfield Farms property 3/11/87. Woods at Round Bay Bog 2/1/91 (Longbottom, pc 1991). Community College Woods. Downs Memorial Park, also Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU. US (Stieber 1971).
429. Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnhart 1904. B&B.379
(Arethusa spicata Walt. 1788)
[Bletia aphylla (Walt.) Nutt. 1818]
(Crested Coral-root)
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). Nearly neutral soil. Dry rich humusy woodland slopes.
Frequency: Md. is northern limit of range (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
County Occurrence: One Maryland station (A. A. Co. 1955) listed by Broome et al 1979. "...known from Maryland only from a single collection made by Fessenden and McCurdy (deposited at US) gathered in Anne Arundel Co. in 1955. It has not been found since nor recollected at this location." (Reveal & Broome 1981).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: "1.5 mi. N. of Galesville, growing in shell marl near shore of West River, 7/24/1955, G. R. Fessenden & Arthur Macurdy 5719A (US)" (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967). According to the 1905 report on the paper by C. E. Waters, "Blethia" was found around the margin of the Glenburnie pond; likely this was not Bletia, but Clethra, which occurred in the bog margin, according to Shreve et al (1910).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
430. Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. 1808. B&B.369
(Arethusa verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. 1805)
[Pogonia verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. 1818] Shr.420
(Whorled Pogonia, Five-leaved Orchid)
Superficially resembles Indian cucumber-root.
Habitat: "In dry forests, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). Acidic woods. Colonies spread by root-shoots. In old fields, according to Wierenga (personal note by Klockner, ca. 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). Scarce in Anne Arundel.
Records:
(1) "Glen Burnie, 5/7/1892, Wm. F. Wallis (Reed Lib.)" (Reed 1964).
(2) Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/13/1899).
(3) "Sandy Woods, 5/6/1900, Chas. C. Plitt 13 (US)" (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967).
(4) "Marley, 5/5/1906, A. E. Bussey (Reed Herb. 29669)" (Reed 1964).
(5) Severn Run at Gambrills Road (tentative ident.) June 1987 (Sipple 1993). (6) Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, Lot 725, colony of 78 plants. 21 in bloom 5/3/90). Reported near Davidsonville by David H. Williams.
Herbaria: REED, US.
431. Liparis lilifolia (L.) L. C. Richard 1825 B&B.383
[Leptorchis lilifolia (L.) Kuntze] Shr.421
(Malaxis lilifolia Swartz)
(Ophrys lilifolia L. 1753)
(Large Twayblade)
Two leaves; smooth, lustrous, basal. Flowers 5-15, lavender-purple.
Habitat: "Moist woodlands" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In rich moist woods" (Grimm 1968). "Moist shaded soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Baltimore County, near Towson (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in sandy pine woods on the Eastern Shore; also W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See index to CBC herbarium 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
432. Listera australis Lindl. 1840. B&B.385
[Ophrys australis (Lindl.) House 1905]
(Southern Twayblade)
Habitat: "In bogs" (Britton 1901). "Shady woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Low, moist woodlands.
Frequency: Reed 1964, indicated that this orchid had been found but twice in Md., (P. G. Co. & St. Mary's Co.); Reveal & Broome 1981 added that its existence was uncertain.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Sightings: Plentiful in slightly sphagnous lowland sweetgum stand, Sandpiper Drive, Annapolis Neck, by D. H. Williams 4/12/90.
433. Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.
(Orchis blephariglottis Willd. 1805.)
[Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Torr. 1826] Shr.420
[Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook. 1824.] B&B.375
[Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb. ex Britton 1901]
(White-fringed Orchid, White-fringed Orchis)
Habitat: "In bogs and swamps" (Britton 1901). "Bogs and peaty land" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Sphagnum bogs and moist acidic sandy soil at edge of cranberry bogs.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Threatened.
County Occurrence: Two Anne Arundel stations (1917 or before) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979.
Records: Swampy ground 7/26/1902, Charles C. Plitt (US) (Stieber 1967). Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). "Odenton, 7/29/1917, W. J. McAtee #2761 (US)" (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967). "Cedar swamp, head of Cypress Creek 7/28/1978; William Sipple #1884" (MARY #44525). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984).
Herbaria: MARY. US (Stieber 1971).
434. Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl.
(Orchis ciliaris L. 1753.)
[Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Brown 1813.] Shr.420, B&B.375
[Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb. ex Britton 1901]
(Yellow-fringed Orchid, Yellow-fringed Orchis)
Habitat: "In meadows" (Britton 1901) "Peaty bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Acid swamps, in sandy soil.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Threatened.
Sightings:
(1) Near Round Bay, at "the swamp" (Plitt 7/29/1899); this was, no doubt, Cypress Creek; see Sipple 1999, p.354. "Magothy Creek...16 specimens" [Cypress Creek] C.C.Plitt 7/23/1904; see Sipple 1999, p.355. Cypress Creek Bog 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). "Cedar swamp, head of Cypress Creek 8/15/1978, William Sipple #1891" (MARY 44532). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). "Found one specimen" 8/13/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.369).
(2) "Bank of R.R., low ground, Annapolis 7/11/1905, M. A. Chrysler" (MARY 027043).
(3) Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove cedar swamp.
Herbaria: MARY. US (Stieber 1971).
435. Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer.
(Orchis clavellata Michx. 1803.)
[Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. 1826.] Shr.419, B&B.375
[Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb. ex Britton 1901]
(Small Green Wood Orchis, Green Woodland Orchid, Club-spur Orchid)
Habitat: "Bogs and moist soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests, swamps and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Near Curtis Bay 12/11/1893, Adam Steitz (US)" (Reed 1964). "Glen Burnie 7/18/1894, C. E. Waters (US)" (Reed 1964). Near Round Bay (Plitt 7/29/1899). "A. A. Co. 7/26/1902, C. C. Plitt 6 (US)" (Reed 1964). NE of Bowie, in a swamp on Patuxent R. 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Just below north end of "dam" at Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp
(7/22/83, tentative identification, not relocated).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
436. Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl.
[Blephariglottis cristata (Michx.) Raf. 1836]
[Habenaria cristata (Michx.) R. Br. 1813] Shr.420, B&B.375
(Orchis cristata Michx. 1803)
(Crested Yellow Orchis)
Habitat: "In bogs" (Britton 1901). "Peaty bogs and meadows" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In upland swamps and open situations with moist sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Usually rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Threatened.
Records: Glenburnie bog (As B. cristata; C. E. Waters 1905).
437. Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.
[Habenaria flava (L.) R. Brown 1813]. B&B.375
[Habenaria flava (L.) R. Brown ex Spreng. 1826.]
[Habenaria flava (L.) A. Gray 1840]
[Perularia flava (L.) Farwell 1900]
[Perularia flava (L.) Rydb.]
(Orchis flava L. 1753).
(Pale Green Orchid, Pale Green Orchis, Southern Tubercled Rein-orchid)
Anne Arundel specimens are var. flava, as opposed to the var. herbiola of Allegany, Frederick, and Garrett Counties. (Reveal & Broome 1981).
Habitat: "In moist places" (Britton 1901). "Wet places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Neutral to subacid mucky soils. Swampy woods and bottomlands.
County Occurrence: One Anne Arundel station (1949) noted by Broome et al 1979.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened.
Records: [All shown by Reed 1964 as var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll]. Glenburnie bog (As Perularia flava; C. E. Waters 1905). "Mill Race Road, Patuxent Research refuge 6/1/1945, F. J. Hermann 11461 (USNA and US Fish & Wildlife Herb.)" (Reed 1964); apparently not seen since (Reveal & Broome 1981). Wayson's Corner, in an alluvial woods along Patuxent River, above Hills Bridge 6/26/1949, V. E. Rudd & S. White (US) (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: USNA. US (Stieber 1971).
438. Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don
[Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Rydb.]
[Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Farwell 1901]
[Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd. 1818] B&B.378
[Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br. 1810.] Shr.420
(Orchis lacera Michx. 1803)
(Ragged Fringed Orchid, Ragged Orchis, Green-fringed Orchid)
Habitat: "In swamps and wet woods" (Britton 1901). "Wet or moist open ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Open, sunny swamps.
Records: "Glen Burnie 9/4/1893, Adam Steitz (US)" (Reed 1964). "A. A. Co., wet sandy woods 7/15/1904, Chas. C. Plitt 9 (US)" (Reed 1964, Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984).
Sightings: Gingerville Creek (personal note by Klockner ca. 1979).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
439. Platanthera peramoena (A. Gray)
(Habenaria peramoena A. Gray 1840.) Shr.420, B&B.378
[Blephariglottis peramoena (A. Gray) Rydb. ex Britton 1901]
(Purple Fringeless Orchid, Purple Fringeless Rein-orchid)
Habitat: "In moist meadows" (Britton 1901). "Moist meadows and banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Subacid soil. Moist open woods.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened.
County Occurrence: One Anne Arundel station (1912) noted by Broome et al 1979. Apparently no longer extant (Reveal & Broome 1981).
440. Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl. 1816. Shr.420, B&B.372
(Arethusa ophioglossoides L. 1753).
(Rose Pogonia, Snake Mouth Orchid)
Habitat: "In meadows and swamps" (Britton 1901). Open sphagnum bogs, swamps and acidic meadows. May spread by root-shoots.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records:
(1) Cypress Creek: "Wet meadows, A. A. Co. 6/25/1904, C. C. Plitt (US)" (Reed 1964); this site was at Cypress Creek; see Sipple 1999, p.355. "Swampy ground, Round Bay 6/24/1907, A. E. Bussey (Reed Herb. 41563)" (Reed 1964); apparently Bussey accompanied C.C.Plitt, who visited the site on 6/24/1907; see Sipple 1999, p.355. C.C.Plitt 6/19/1909; see Sipple 1999, p.356. "Swampy ground, Round Bay 6/18/1910, Mr. Niepus (Reed Herb. 41562 & 41564)" (Reed 1964). "Cypress Creek near Round Bay on Magothy River 5/27/1953, Killip 43320 (US)" (Reed 1964). Cypress Creek, small colony 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cedar swamp, head of Cypress Creek 6/15/1978, William Sipple #1867 (MARY 44459). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/26/1982, 6/25/1983 (Sipple 1993).
(2) Fresh Pond: (Plitt 6/9/1906; see Sipple 1999, p.357).
(3) Round Bay Bog: (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). 6/26/1982 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: South end of Round Bay Bog, with W. Klockner, ca. 1977.
Herbaria: REED. MARY. US (Stieber 1971).
441. Spiranthes cernua (L.) Richard. B&B.383
[Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze] Shr.420
(Nodding Ladies' Tresses) Herb.
Habitat) "In meadows and swamps" (Britton 1901). "Bogs and wet land" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open soil, bogs, or low woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1285 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: AACC.
442. Spiranthes gracilis (Bigel.) Beck 1833. B&B.383
[Ibidium gracile (Bigel.) House 1905]
(Neottia gracilis Bigel. 1824)
[Gyrostachys gracilis (Bigel) Kuntze 1891] Shr.420
(Slender Ladies' Tresses).
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry fields and open woods (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: Reported by Wierenga (Personal note by Klockner ca. 1979).
443. Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & Gray 1845. B&B.383
[Ibidium vernale (Engelm. & Gray) House 1905]
(Upland Ladies-tresses, Linear-leaved Ladies-tresses, Spring Ladies-tresses)
Habitat: "Dry soil along the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Subacid loamy moist soil. Wet meadows, low swampy pastures, bogs.
Records: "Bay Ridge 7/13/1897, F. H. Knowlton (US)" (Reed 1964). "Wet meadows, Anne Arundel Co. 7/9/1904, Chas. C. Plitt 16 (US)" (Reed 1964). "Mayo Beach 7/6/1946, G. R. Fessenden (ANSP)" (Reed 1964). "Open wet fields, Grays Creek, just N of Gibson Island 7/7/1951, Reed 25986" (Reed 1964).
Herbaria: ANSP. REED. US (Stieber 1971).
444. Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nuttall 1818. B&B.378
(Orchis discolor Pursh 1814.)
[Tipularia unifolia (Muhl.) B.S.P. 1888] Shr.421
(Limodorum unifolium Muhl. 1813)
(Cranefly Orchid, Cranefly Orchis)
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Moderately to strongly acid, humus-rich soil. Rich, moist, often somewhat sandy, mixed deciduous woods.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/8/1899). "A. A. Co. 8/7/1903, C. C. Plitt 26 (US)" (Reed 1964). "1 mi. E of Hardesty 8/3/1919, Maxon 6462 (US)" (Reed 1964). "Severn Hall near Sherwood Forest 9/21/1952, Reed 30852" (Reed 1964). "Just N of Rt. US 50 on Rt. 3, 8/19/1947, Reed 9488" (Reed 1964). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Iliff properties). Rays Pond watershed (woods near Iliffs Pond 4/23/91). Belvoir (wooded ridges between house and BG&E r/w). Whitehall Creek (near Gov. Sharpe's Millpond). Truxtun Park 4/12/90. Kass tract at Bay Ridge 10/6/90. Round Bay Bog 2/1/90 (Longbottom, pc 1991). Deciduous swamp at Boyd Pond 12/6/91 (Longbottom pc). Downs Park (Longbottom pc 1991). Luce Creek watershed: Belle Grove property 1/7/1995.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). REED. US (Stieber 1971).
Class Dicotyledoneae
Order Piperales
38. Saururaceae (Lizard's-tail Family)
445. Saururus cernuus L. 1753. Shr.421, B&B.388
(Lizard's-tail)
Native perennial herb with terminal white flower spike.
Habitat: "In swamps and shallow water" (Britton 1901). Fresh marshes and pond margins.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone and infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Tributaries of Muddy Creek (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent at heads of forested ravines on south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel; Star Co. tract, locally abundant in O'Neill Marsh; Higman 397, 985 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's ravine). Rays Pond watershed (Harbour Glen). Lake Ogleton watershed (above RR r/w ).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
Order Salicales
39. Salicaceae (Willow Family)
446. Populus alba L. 1753. Shr.422, B&B.33
(European White Poplar, Silver Poplar)
Large tree introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "In yards and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "Moist woods and along roads" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, small saplings in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 143 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Martins Pond watershed (Jones' roadway). Shot Town Road at Old Mill Bottom Road. Weems Creek shore at stadium outfall. Jones Station Road near Belvedere Heights. Road between Church Road & Joyce Lane East.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
447. Populus deltoides Marsh. 1785 B&B.38
(Eastern Cottonwood) Large native tree.
Habitat: "In moist soil, especially along streams and lakes" (Britton 1901). "River banks and bottom lands" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Common in the Potomac Drainage" (Brown & Brown 1972). Essentially absent from Anne Arundel Co.
Records: Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
448. x Populus canadensis Moench. var. eugenei Schelle B&B.41
x Populus eugenei Simon-Lewis
(Carolina Poplar)
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in yard of old house near entrance road, Higman 1089, 1142 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
449. Populus grandidentata Michx. 1803. Shr.423, B&B.37
(Bigtoothed Aspen, Large-toothed Poplar) Native tree.
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "Rich woods and borders of streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Rich, sandy, often dry, open woods.
Frequency: "Rare in the Eastern Shore District, infrequent throughout the remainder of the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, med.-sized tree at edge of a woods, sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 144 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of 424, about 20 m. tree at edge of a thicket along the roadside 9/2/1966, Stieber 145 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Chartridge 4/19/1982, 3/27/1983, 11/24/1983, 2/4/1984, 5/10/1984 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Jabez Branch watershed (KOA property). Sewell Spring Branch (upper bottom). Sackett property. Truxtun Park. Cattail Creek watershed: edge of woods at Oak Hill Pond 3/17/1990. Community College woods 9/15/1990. SRNEA near Indian Landing Road 4/13/1991.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
450. Populus tremuloides Michx. 1803. Shr.423, B&B.37
(Quaking Aspen) Native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "In dry or moist soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry open woods, edge of burns" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Native to Garrett County" (Brown & Brown 1972). Seems doubtful for A. A. Co.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of 424, 4 m. tree, edge of a pine-oak woods 7/21/1966, Stieber 146 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
451. Salix alba L. 1753. Shr.423, B&B.30
(White Willow)
Tree introduced from Europe and naturalizing.
Habitat: "In moist soil, especially along streams" (Britton 1901). "In flood plains and along streams" (As var. vitellina; Shreve et al 1910). "Edge of woods, sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" [As var. vitellina (L.) Koch; Shreve et al 1910].
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of 424, edge of woods, sandy soil 6/20/1966, Stieber (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
452. Salix babylonica L. Shr.421, B&B.30
(Weeping Willow)
Large pendent-branched tree introduced from Eurasia.
Frequency: "Cultivated throughout state, spreading by twigs that root after being scattered, mostly along streams" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993) Whether Longbottom's specimen was planted or naturalized is unknown.
453. Salix bebbiana Sarg. B&B.32
(Bebb's Willow, Long-beaked Willow) Shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "In dry soil and along streams" (Britton 1901). "Moist to wet areas" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: Two stations in Talbot Co. (Broome et al 1979).
Heritage Rating: 1989: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). This station should be reexamined; possibly S. sericea.
454. Salix fragilis L. B&B.29
(Brittle Willow, Crack Willow)
Tall slender tree. "From Europe; spreading from cultivation" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: Allegany and Garrett Counties" (Brown & Brown 1972).
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917).
455. Salix nigra Marsh 1785. Shr.423, B&B.27
(Black Willow) Native tree.
Habitat: "Along streams and lakes" (Britton 1901). Wooded swamps & floodplains.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Pinehurst, roadside thicket along Bay Shore Drive 8/10/1958, Ed Baltars (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, thick woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 148 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent in moist woods and near fresh marshes, Higman 465, 493 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Five county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (abundant, Rucker property). Furnace Branch at Crain Hwy. Warfield's Branch (below Rt. 3). Back Creek (SPCA property). Shrub swamp near old Severn R. bridge. Jonas Green Pond. Pointfield Landing natural area. Marley Creek Branch (near North Arundel Hospital, March 1990).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
456. Salix sericea Marsh 1785. Shr.423, B&B.34
(Silky Willow) Large native shrub with numerous stems.
Habitat: "In swamps and along streams" (Britton 1901). Forms dense thickets in low wet ground.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, small tree, 3-5 m., edge of a thicket 6/14/1966, Stieber 149 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Swamp, two old plants 1980).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Myricales
40. Myricaceae (Wax-myrtle or Bayberry Family)
457. Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coulter 1894. Shr.422, B&B.44
(Comptonia asplenifolia Gaertn. 1791)
(Liquidambar asplenifolia L. 1763)
(Myrica asplenifolia L. 1753)
(Liquidambar peregrina L. 1753)
(Sweet Fern)
Low, much-branched native deciduous shrub. Leaves linear, fern-like; fragrant.
Habitat: "In dry soil, especially on hillsides" (Britton 1901). "In dry upland forests and open situations, flourishing in cleared and burnt-over forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "On sandy soil and rocky hillsides...spreading by creeping rootstocks" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most abundant in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Between Glen Burnie & Saw Mill Branch (Plitt 3/31/1899, 4/22/1899). Between Glen Burnie & Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Head of Magothy River: xeric site near Catherine Avenue 7/31/1989 (Sipple 1993). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Five old plants under scarlet oaks on 1952 road cut above Winchester marina, 1972). Millersville Landfill 6/15/1991 (southern margin of reforested cell north of powerline).
458. Myrica cerifera L. 1753. Shr.422, B&B.44
(Wax Myrtle) Tall native evergreen shrub.
Habitat: "In sandy swamps or wet woods" (Britton 1901). "Shores of estuaries, margins of saltmarshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone, being confined to the southern counties of the Eastern Shore" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant on Hog Island, along estuary shores under hardwood canopies, on sandbars, and near upland margins of tidal marshes, Higman 572 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One County brackish-marsh station (near Gibson Island) mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Marsh.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Myrica heterophylla Raf.
(Black Bayberry) Native evergreen shrub; twigs hairy, black.
Sightings: Reported from Indian Creek Branch at Arlington Echo by Underwood (p.c. 3/13/2002).
459. Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. B&B.43
(Myrica carolinensis Mill. 1768) Shr.422
(Northern Bayberry) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "In dry or moist sandy soil" (Britton 1901). Swamps or wet woods.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone, apparently being absent from the remainder of the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South R. at Rt. 50, shrubby growth in sandy soil 6/11/1966, Stieber 150 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Angel's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Marsh. Truxtun Park. Chase Creek watershed (County pumping station property). 140 ft. hilltop next to BG&E r/w between Maynedier and Hopkins Creek watersheds. Woods road to Round Bay Bog 9/15/90. Cattail Creek watershed: near dam, Oak Hill Pond 3/17/90. Forked Creek (Sackett property). Sewell Spring Branch (SRNEA path) 4/13/91.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Juglandales
41. Juglandaceae (Walnut Family)
460. Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch B&B.50
(Juglans cordiformis Wang. 1787)
[Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britton 1908]
[Hicoria minima (Marsh) Britton] Shr.422
(Bitternut Hickory)
Large native tree with sulfur-colored asymmetrical buds.
Habitat: Rich silt loam soils. "In moist woods and swamps" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most abundant in the flood plains of the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, med. sized tree 6/1/1966, Stieber 153 (US) (Stieber 1967). St. James Church, 10 m. tree, edge of a moist thicket along Lyons Creek Branch 6/27/1966, Stieber 154 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in understory of mixed hardwood forest, especially near top of south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel, Higman 170, 247, 403 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property. Brewer Pond (upper ravine). Martins Pond (Jones' roadway). Mill Creek (property above McCann). Amberley. Hidden Point. Meredith Creek (grounds of Corrin Strong estate). Lower end of swale in poplar woods at Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/90. Wroxeter School, swale toward water.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
461. Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet B&B.52
[Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton 1888]
(Juglans glabra Mill. 1768) Shr.422
(Pignut Hickory) Large native tree; twigs slender, leaflets usually 5, glabrous, fruit pyriform.
Habitat: "In dry or moist woods" (Britton 1901). "In upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Rich sandy woodland soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, 3-4 m. tree at edge of a moist woods, sandy soil 9/2/1966, Stieber 157 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent in understory and canopy of mixed hardwood forest, Higman 521 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). end of Beechwood Road 5/6/1989, Longbottom 55 (AACC).
Sightings: Truxtun Park. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Trotter properties). Arnold Recreation Area. A. A. Community College woods 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC. AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
462. Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. B&B.52
(Hicoria glabra var. odorata Sarg. 1895)
[Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton 1888] Shr.422
(Carya microcarpa Nutt. 1818)
Large native tree. Seven glabrous leaflets; slender twigs; fruit nearly globose, not pyriform. "This 'species' and its several 'varieties' now included with Carya glabra Sweet by several authorities" (p.905, Dover edition of Sargent's 1922 Manual).
(Red Hickory, Sweet Pignut, Small-fruited Hickory)
Large native tree, 5-7 leaflets.
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist upland forests, preferring mountain slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, med.-sized tree in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 156 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: The presence of C. ovalis seems uncertain. A young tree (25 feet) at Lot 706, Pines on Severn has seven glabrous leaflets, but the parent trees on lots 755-759 show a trend to 5 leaflets (and pyriform fruit) in older trees.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
463. Carya ovata Nutt. 1818 B&B.50
[Hicoria ovata (Mill) Britton 1888. Shr.422
(Juglans ovata Mill. 1768)
(Shagbark Hickory) Large native tree.
Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Mountain and Upper Midland Zones, rare in the lower Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Dry wooded ridge off Mountain Road at Herald Harbor: several trees to 50 ft. among chestnut oaks. Probably escapes from now-extinct plantings at nearby site of old farmhouse.
464. Carya pallida (Ashe) Engelm. & Graebn. B&B.52
(Hicoria pallida Ashe 1896)
(Sand Hickory, Pale Hickory)
Native tree, usually medium-sized, with slender twigs. 7-9 narrow lanceolate leaflets. Leaflets scurfy beneath. Leafstem hairy. Fruit rather globose.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). Poor dry sandy soil.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Head of Magothy River, xeric site near Catherine Avenue 7/31/1989; Lake Waterford 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Sullivans Cove Environmental Area. Pointfield Landing. Arlington Echo. Truxtun Park. Back Creek (City property on Edgewood Road). Cattail Creek watershed: near Oak Hill Pond 3/17/90. Todd-Darley property E of Rt. 3 above Benfield Blvd. Downs Park 10/12/90. Eagle Hill 1990. Priest Point (near Rt. 50 bridge). Two mature trees southeast-facing slope beyond Rucker’s Pond, July 2002.
465. Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. 1818. B&B.50
[Carya alba (L.) K. Koch]
[Hicoria alba (L.) Britton 1888] Shr.422
(Juglans tomentosa Lam. 1797)
(Juglans alba L. 1753)
(Mockernut Hickory) Large native forest tree with thick tight bark, thick crooked twigs and 7-9 fragrant tomentose leaflets.
Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Usually on rich upland hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; most abundant in the upper counties of the Eastern Shore and in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, 5-10 m. tree at the edge of a pine woods, sandy soil 7/21/1966, Stieber 155 (LCU). Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in understory and canopy of mixed hardwood forest, Higman 418 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Chartridge 4/19/1982 3/27/1983, 11/24/1983 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Glen Oban (Aisquith Creek watershed). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Truxtun Park. Back Creek (SPCA property). College Creek Woods. Near Fosters Pond (Aisquith Creek watershed). Woods road near Round Bay Bog 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
466. Juglans nigra L. 1753. Shr.421, B&B.47
(Black Walnut) Large native tree.
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In upland forests, preferring deep loam soil" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; rare in the Coastal Zone, apparently being absent out of cultivation in the lower Eastern Shore;
frequent in the Mountain and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Tall tree in thicket, farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian 5/21/1966, Stieber 151 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Tall tree 2-3 dcm in diam. at Jct. 648 & Rt. 2, 6/20/1966, Stieber 150 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). St. James Church, near a field along Lyons Creek branch 7/27/1966, Stieber 152 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent in canopy of mixed hardwood forest (e.g., south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel, on shore of Scaffold Peninsula, on hilltop near old house at north boundary of Java Farm - planted?) also on
Contees Wharf Road, Higman 159, 755 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Rays Pond watershed (Harbour Glen property). Md. Rt. 648 south of Joyce Lane. Contee's Wharf Road (State champion). Head of ravine, Rt. 648 at Arnold Road.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Fagales
42. Betulaceae (Birch Family)
467. Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. 1805 B&B.62
[Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) K. Koch] Shr.424
[Alnus rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng. 1826]
(Betula alnus rugosa DuRoi 1771)
(Smooth Alder, Hazel Alder) Large native shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "In wet soil, or on hillsides" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and flood plains and along streams in open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Manresa, wet soil along the Severn R., in a woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 162 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, small shrubby species growing in a thicket near near a small creek at the pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 161 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in wet woods at base of Fox Point Peninsula; Mill Swamp, infrequent along streams; Higman 650 (CBC) (Higman 1977; note that the Fox Point specimen was listed as A. rugosa by Stieber 1971). nine county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Cypress Creek
Bog, Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Robinson Road Pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Cattail Creek watershed: Oak Hill Pond 3/17/90. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, state champions, 1990, May 2000). Indian Creek Branch. Mill Creek above Rt. 50. Truxtun Park. Back Creek (SPCA Property). Warfields Branch (below Rt. 3).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
468. Betula nigra L. 1753. Shr.424, B&B.60
(River Birch) Large native tree with slender twigs and peeling bark.
Habitat: "Along streams and lakes" (Britton 1901). "Floodplains and stream swamps; also infrequent in dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn Run above Dicus Mill (Plitt 1/30/06). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, young trees at edge of roadside thicket 6/7/1966, Stieber 160 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent in in wet woods, on floodplains, etc., especially around O'Neill Marsh at Star Co. tract, Higman 651, 1106 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county wooded-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 3/12/1983 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Warfields Branch below Rt. 32. Jabez Branch. Cypress Branch. Brewer Pond (lower floodplain).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
469. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. 1788. Shr.423, B&B.57
(American Hornbeam, Ironwood, Blue Beech)
Spreading native understory tree with smooth bark and irregular trunk contours.
Habitat: "In moist woods and along streams" (Britton 1901). Cool, rich, moist soil, usually in ravines and floodplains.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in understory of mixed hardwood forest, Higman 187, 1105 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Jabez Branch floodplain. Indian Creek Branch (upper floodplain). Hopkins Creek bottom. Warfields Branch (below Rt. 32). Mill Creek (McCann property). USAF Transmitter site (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
470. Corylus americana Walt. 1788. Shr.424, B&B.54
(American Hazelnut) Tall deciduous native shrub.
Habitat: "In thickets" (Britton 1901). Rich moist upland soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being rare in the Coastal Zone, and frequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Brice's dam at Mill Creek near Old Millbottom Road, May 1989 (McCann property). Between Pointfield Landing marina and Bear Branch 5/16/1992.
471. Corylus cornuta Marsh. B&B.56
(Corylus rostrata Ait.) Shr.424
(Beaked Hazelnut) Tall shrub.
Habitat: "In thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests on mountain slopes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Thickets, clearings, roadsides, and borders of wooded areas." (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Upper Midland District and Mountain Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Seems doubtful for A. A. Co. Stieber 1971 does not include his two 1966 records.
Heritage Rating: 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: In a thicket, farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian (Stieber 1967). St. James Church, edge of a moist woods 5/21/1966, Stieber 158 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU.
472. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch B&B.56
[Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Willd. 1805] Shr.423
(Carpinus virginiana Mill. 1768)
(Eastern Hophornbeam, American Hop-hornbeam) Native tree.
Habitat: "In dry woods" (Britton 1901). "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests and on rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Seems doubtful for A. A. Co., but does occur in Charles Co. Not included in Stieber 1967.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
43. Fagaceae (Beech Family)
473. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. 1800. Shr.424, B&B.64
(Fagus castanea dentata Marsh. 1785)
(American Chestnut)
Native forest tree; leaves with sharp teeth and long-acuminate tips.
Habitat: "Rocky woods and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
"Most abundant on poor, or dry, acid soils" (Brown & Brown 1972). Now usually seen on steep slopes with Quercus prinus, or as an occasional understory tree in dry, open, oak-pine woods.
Frequency: "Common in the Western Shore District of the Coastal Zone"
(Shreve et al 1910). Now nearly extirpated by chestnut blight; no known living Anne Arundel specimens over 7 inches DBH.
Heritage Rating: 1994: S2S3.
Records: Med.-sized tree in fruit along Rt. 3, edge of a pine-oak woods, sandy 7/21/1966, Stieber 164 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in uderstory of well-drained mixed hardwood forest, especially on Hog Island; occurs only as sprouts; Higman 107, 402 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, cbh 1'10", died ca. 1990); Berry property (cbh 3’ 4”) 2002. Arnold Elementary School (three trunks, 49’ tall) Sep 2002. Cove of Cork watershed (near Rt. 50 bridge). Severn Run Environmental Area. Weems Creek (Hock Tract). Mill Creek watershed (McCann property). Whitehall Creek (hillock near Sharpe's millpond Sept. 1992). Navy woods above Woolchurch Cove ponds, Jan. 1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
474. Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 1768. Shr.425, B&B.66
(Fagus pumila L. 1753)
(Chinquapin) Small native tree or shrub; leaves with acute tips.
Habitat: Open woods or borders of woods on dry soils.
Frequency: "Locally common throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Dry woods near Glenburnie Bog (Waters 1905). "Near Glenburnie" (Shreve et al 1910). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989, Lake Waterford 8/11/1989, Earleigh Heights gravel pit 7/20/1991, Bike Trail at Earleigh Heights Road 7/28/1991, Forest Home site at Marley Creek 8/9/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park, Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Hill near Arnold Elementary. Severn Run Environmental area. Truxtun Park. Bank near Broadneck High School. Backyard, Richards Way, Severna Park. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Cattail Creek watershed: near Oak Hill Pond 3/17/90. Quarterfield Farms (largest known county specimens).
475. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. 1788. B&B.64
[Fagus americana (Marsh.) Sudw.]
(Fagus americana Sweet) Shr.424
(American Beech) Large native tree.
Habitat: "Infrequent in moist upland forests and swamps, and most common on the slopes leading from streams and swamps to the upland"
(Shreve et al 1910). Rich upland woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; in the Coastal Zone it is infrequent in moist upland forests and swamps, and most common on the slopes leading from streams and swamps to the upland; in the Midland Zone it is frequent in moist forests and flood plains; in the Mountain Zone it is infrequent in the forests of mountain slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, large tree at edge of woods 5/2/1966 & 6/14/1966, Stieber 163 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant in mixed hardwood forest, especially on moist sites, Higman 277, 558 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff's ravine). West River (Cedar Park). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Brewer Creek watershed). Brewer Pond watershed. Hopkins Creek watershed (Belvoir property). Mill Creek (McCann property). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff property).Bayfields. Community College woods 9/15/90. Near Round Bay Bog 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
476. Quercus alba L. 1753. Shr.426, B&B.70
(White Oak)
Native tree often attaining great size and age. 7-9 rounded lobes.
Habitat: "It grows in swamps and on the upland in soils of every
character... attaining its best development in the deep well-drained
upland soils" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to moderately moist woods" (Stieber
1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; the commonest of the oaks" (Shreve
1910). Somewhat reduced by the gypsy moth, especially on the less fertile soils of north county.
Records: Glen Burnie, common 11/13/1910, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, moderately abundant to abundant in dry to moist mixed hardwood forest, often dominant, Higman 263 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park, (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Shipleys Choice 10/4/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Rucker, Iliff properties). Martins
Pond (Jones property). Weems Creek (Hock tract). Brewer Pond watershed. Arnold Recreation Area. Truxtun Park. Mill Creek watershed (McCann property). Bayfields. Brewer Creek watershed (Sherwood Forest property). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Community College woods 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
477. Quercus alba var. alba B&B: Not listed.
This is the "true" white oak, as opposed to var. latiloba Sargent [forma latiloba (Sargent) Palmer & Steyerm.], the Northern White Oak, which is much more common; see Chas. S. Sargent 1922, also Strasbaugh & Core p.302, and Wm. M. Harlow 1942, p.146. This variety (or form) is rather distinct; it has sinuses cut nearly to the midrib; however, leaves from partially shaded branches are less deeply cut. "No longer recognized." (Harlow 1942).
Frequency: Less common than var. latiloba (Sargent 1922). Seldom seen locally, little known.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property - Lot 708; also sandy ridge near pond, Aug 1999). Amberley (1607 Ridout Road). Bayfields (Horace Richardson property). Quiet Waters Park, near Blue Heron Center.
ADD: Quercus x beadlei Trel.
(Beadle Oak)
This is a natural hybrid of Q. alba and Q. michauxii.
Sightings: (tentative) Lot 758, Pines on Severn, Arnold, July 2002. Tree ca. 40’ high. Leaves 8.0” – 8.5”, obovate, with ca. 12 veins; lower 2/3 w/sinuses up to 1/3 to midrib; upper 1/3 tapering abruptly, with rounded teeth. This tree is ca. 250 yards upslope from a south-facing ravine with Q. michauxii and ca. 100 yds downslope from Q. alba.
478. Quercus bicolor Willd. 1801. B&B.74
[Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. 1893] Shr.426
(Quercus prinus platanoides Lam. 1783)
(Swamp White Oak)
Native tree. Acorns on 2"-4" slender stalks. Leaves paler beneath, with shallow, irregular lobes.
Habitat: "Along rivers and swamps" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Mostly on the Coastal Plain, but extending as far west as Allegany County; uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1972). Uncertain in Anne Arundel; Q. michauxii occurs in the vicinity of the 1911 record.
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917).
Records: Bluffs of the Severn opposite Annapolis 10/16/1911, (US) (Stieber 1967); presumably collected by H. H. Bartlett.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
479. Quercus x bushii Sarg. B&B: unlisted.
(Bushes Oak)
Native tree, hybrid of Q. marilandica and Q. velutina.
Sightings: Sullivan Cove watershed (Wm. L. Ewell property, Round Bay Road); three trees, tentative identification. Leaves thinner, more lobed than Q. marilandica.
480. Quercus coccinea Muench B&B.81
(Quercus coccinea Wang. 1787) Shr.425
(Scarlet Oak)
Native tree with deeper leaf sinuses and more persistent deadwood than Q. rubra. Leaves more glossy and firm, with 5-9 lobes.
Habitat: "Dry light soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Sandy or gravelly dry upland soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being frequent in the Coastal Zone, and common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). Common, but habitat sensitive; dominant on sandy 60 ft. terraces along the Severn River.
Records: Along the Severn opposite Annapolis 11/13/1910, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 11/13/1911, I. Tidestrom US)(Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forestwest of building area, Higman 414, 557 (CBC)(Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Rucker properties). Whitehall Creek (slopes by Gov. Sharpe's millpond). Brewer Creek (Sherwood Forest watertower hill). Plum/Gumbottom Branch (by road crossing). Jabez Branch (KOA property). Sewell Spring Branch.
Sackett property. Mill Creek (McCann property).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
481. Quercus falcata Michx. 1801. B&B.81
[Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudworth.] Shr.425
[Quercus rubra (L.) (See Sargent 1922)]
(Southern Red Oak, Spanish Oak)
Large native tree. Leaves pale beneath. Falcate lobes and elongated tip typical. Small trees on heavy soil often have lobe development retarded, and but three rudimentary end-lobes.
Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). One of the most common trees on warm sandy soils. Subject to winter-kill and essentially absent from the silt loams of the Severn River Highlands.
Records: Between Annapolis & Arnold 11/13/ca. 1910 or 1911), H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). In Back Bay, near Annapolis, in mixed forests 7/29/1923, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in sandy soil 5/2/1966, 6/14/1966, 9/23/1966, Stieber 168 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of 424, edge of pine-oak sandy woods 9/23/1966, Stieber 167 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in well-drained mixed hardwood forest on Hog Island and in lowland mixed hardwood forest northwest of Hog Island tidal marsh; infrequent elsewhere; Higman 91, 262, 404 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Meredith Creek (Corrin Strong estate). Truxtun Park. Forked Creek (Sackett property). Community College Woods 9/15/90. Sullivans Cove (Ewell property). Chase Creek watershed: Rucker, Berry properties (four trees, on warm sandy promontories only). Along Indian Landing Road. West River (Cedar Park - national champion). Corcoran Environmental Study Area 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
482. Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. 1824. B&B.338
[Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe 1897]
[Quercus rubra var. pagodaefolia Ashe (See Sargent 1922)]
(Cherrybark Oak, Swamp Red Oak)
Large native tree. Up to 11 rather uniform, triangular lobes.
Habitat: "In wet or moist soil" (Britton 1901). Hydric soils.
Frequency: Q. A. Co., Md. & coast of Va. to Fla. & westward (Sargent 1922). In A. A. Co. may be restricted to The Great Swamp.
Sightings: The Great Swamp: Barren Neck, West River (Horace Richardson property on Bayfields Road, tentative identification); West River Estates 5/5/90.
483. Quercus ilicifolia Wang. 1787. B&B.81
[Quercus nana (Marsh) Sarg. 1895] Shr.425
(Bear Oak, Scrub Oak, Shrub Oak, Black Scrub Oak)
Native shrub or small crooked tree. Leaves: five-lobed, silvery beneath.
Habitat: "In sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy barrens and open hillsides" (Sargent 1922). "Usually encountered on barren, sandy soils, rocky slopes, plateaus, and mountaintops, where it commonly forms extensive thickets" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). In open areas, often with pines.
Frequency: "Piedmont or Mountain areas; rare or absent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records:
(1) Dry woods near Glenburnie Bog (As Q. nana; C. E. Waters 1905). Glen Burnie, shrub about 1.5 m., growing with Pinus virginiana 11/13/1910, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 10/16/1911, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Once found in the vicinity of Glen Burnie Bog (See A. V. P. Smith 1938).
(2) 1.5 mi. E. of Laurel, no date, Chas. P. Smith & H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
484. Quercus imbricaria Michx. 1801. Shr.426, B&B.83
(Shingle Oak)
Medium-sized native tree. Leaves entire, hairy beneath.
Habitat: "On fertile soil of moist hillsides and bottom lands" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). "Rich woods and bottomlands" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917).
Records: Virginia pine woodland at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens, Inc. 1991). This record seems questionable.
485. Quercus x ludoviciana Sarg.
(Quercus x subfalcata Trelease)
Hybrid - Quercus phellos x Quercus falcata. B&B.86
Native tree.
Records: Back Creek watershed: old Annapolis sewage plant at Edgewood Road - one tree (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Two trees at residential property of Stanley M. Folkman at 160 Cardamon Drive, Gingerville, Edgewater, ca. 1970. One tree at Meredith Creek (in sweetgum woods at Corrin Strong estate, across driveway from overseer's house).
486. Quercus lyrata Walt. Shr.426, B&B.72
(Overcup Oak) Large native tree, white oak group. Leaf deeply cut, somewhat irregular. Cup covers most of nut.
Habitat: "A bottomland species commonly occurring on poorly drained, clay soils subject to prolonged inundation" (Harrar & Harrar 1962).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: Uncertain. Occurs in the Patuxent River valley (Brown & Brown 1972). Known to occur at Patuxent Wildlife Refuge (See Big Tree Champions of Maryland, 1956).
487. Quercus marilandica Muench. 1770. Shr.425, B&B.83
(Blackjack Oak)
Native tree, often small, crooked, and compact, with persistent deadwood. Leaves essentially three-lobed, leathery.
Habitat: "Dry sandy barrens, or heavy clay soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Locally common in sandy soil and on thin rocky slopes
throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones, being least frequent in the upper Midland...absent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of 424, 7/21/1966, Stieber 169 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent associate with Pinus virginiana, Higman 407 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed: City property at Edgewood Road (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed [Ozkaptan property (south tip of Pines on Severn peninsula)]. Arlington Echo. Ewell property (Round Bay Road at Sullivans Cove). Pohlman's Point (on Magothy). Dicus Mill Road near Aurora Estates.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
488. Quercus michauxii Nuttall 1818. Shr.426, B&B.74
[Quercus prinus L. (See C. S. Sargent 1922)]
(Basket Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak, Cow Oak)
Large native tree. Bark like white oak. Leaves like chestnut oak, but paler beneath.
Habitat: "Moist, poorly drained bottoms and flood plains subject to periodic inundation" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). Rich moist soils of floodplains, uplands and swamp borders. Usually on warm exposures.
Frequency: Frequent on low wet soils in southern Anne Arundel County, seldom encountered northward.
Records: Galesville by M. A. Chrysler (Shreve et al 1910). "On precipitous small islands in the Rhode River...also on the adjacent mainland" (Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.189). Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: The Great Swamp (West River Estates - frequent on hydric soils 5/5/90). Owensville Road. Chase Creek watershed (Bankert's Ravine). Bay Ridge (River Drive). Rugby Hall (Ley property). Shady Lake (Triest property). Sudley Road (Boxwood Farm). Arlington Echo (one tree in woods, perhaps 250 feet south of gate). Bay Ridge (North end of River Drive). Jonas Green Pond. Dead tree cut beside cattail marsh at end of Romar Drive. Dead tree cut at Terrace Gardens. Meredith Creek (common in sweet gum woods at Corrin Strong estate, across driveway from overseer's house). Mill Creek (near Brice's dam, McCann property). Shore of Brewer Pond (Koenig property) 8/9/1995.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
489. Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm. 1877. B&B.74
[Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Sarg.] Shr.427
[Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Houda.]
(Chinquapin Oak, Yellow Chestnut Oak, Yellow Oak)
Native tree. Leaf: 8-13 pointed, not rounded, teeth per margin.
Habitat: "Dry limestone hillsides and rich bottoms" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry, shaly ridges and calcareous slopes" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Upper Midland District; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: Occurrence in Anne Arundel County is probably limited to sites where shell-marl deposits maintain a circumneutral soil, as in Charles County (Chapman Forest).
Records: "Infrequent overhanging the Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent large trees on shore of Rhode River below dock, Higman 766 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Reported sightings at Weems Creek (Priest Point) are probably in error (See "A Greenway Strategy for Weems Creek"). Two bicentennial specimens reported in south county, possibly planted.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
490. Quercus palustris Muench. B&B.79
(Quercus palustris Du Roi 1772) Shr.425
(Pin Oak, Swamp Oak)
Large native tree with numerous down-sloping branches and very persistent deadwood. Small (1/2") acorn in shallow cup. Leaves smaller than scarlet oak, fewer lobes.
Habitat: "Borders of swamps and river-bottoms in deep rich moist soil" (Sargent 1922).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in old fields (sapling), infrequent along Fox Creek and Muddy Creek floodplains" Higman 75, 169 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 6/29/1987 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run Environmental Area. Hopkins Creek bottom near Round Bay Bog. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Jonas Green Pond – several trees in standing water April 2002. Indian Creek Branch above Route 32. Holly Beach Farm (south of Sandy Point - common with sweetgums). Smithsonian property (by boardwalk to Hog Island 6/11/87).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
491. Quercus phellos L. 1753. Shr.426, B&B.86
(Willow Oak)
Large native tree with small (2"-5") entire lanceolate leaves.
Habitat: "Swamps and bottomlands, sandy uplands" (Stieber 1971). Warm moist sandy soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Not listed by Higman 1977; also unlisted are Q. prinus, Q. rubra, Q. stellata,
and Q. velutina, suggesting a typing oversight.
Records: Glen Burnie 11/13/1910, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, tall tree in woods 6/14/1966, Stieber 170 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). One south county wooded-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Severn Run 6/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Little Round Bay area. Severn Run area. Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Harness Creek. Near Round Bay Bog. Meredith Creek watershed (CBF property). One tree on low, south-facing sandy terrace by Chase Creek. Corcoran Woods – large trees in wet woods with Smilax rotundifolia May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
492. Quercus prinoides Willd. 1801. Shr.427, B&B.76
(Dwarf Chestnut Oak, Scrub Chestnut Oak)
Native small tree or shrub. Leaves: 3-7 pointed, not rounded, teeth per margin; white tomentose beneath.
Habitat: "In dry sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Damp woods and pine barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In sand or the thin soil of rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Western Shore District of the Coastal Zone, Lower Midland District; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Dry woods near Glenburnie bog (Waters 1905). Glenburnie by M. A. Chrysler (Shreve et al 1910). Glen Burnie, 1-2 ft. high & 4 ft. high specimens 10/16/1911, H.H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Occurred near Glen Burnie Bog (Smith 1938). "collected ... in Anne Arundel County east of Laurel, and near Glen Burnie" (Brown & Brown 1972). The "east of Laurel" station appears to correspond to Smith & Bartlett's undated station (1.5 mi. east of Laurel) for Q. ilicifolia.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
493. Quercus prinus L. 1753. Shr.427, B&B.76
(Quercus montana Willd.)
(Chestnut Oak)
Large long-lived native tree. Leaves with rounded teeth. Bark very thick, deeply furrowed, not flaky. Heartwood durable; spines of large deadwood persistent.
Habitat: "Rocky banks and hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Well-drained sandy, gravelly or rocky soils; steep slopes and sandy ridges.
Frequency: Dominant tree on steep slopes along the Severn, less common with mixed oaks on well drained sandy terraces.
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, med.-sized tree at edge of woods 6/14/1966, Stieber 172 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S.of 424, 8/6/1966, Stieber 171 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fox Point at CBC (Higman 1977; see entry under Juncus tenuis var. anthelatus). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff, Mylander properties). Sackett property. Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Hog Island (Smithsonian property). Community College Woods 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
494. Quercus rubra L. 1753. Shr.425, B&B.76
[Quercus borealis Michx. var. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe]
(Quercus rubra Du Roi)
Although Stieber (1971) shows Q. rubra var. borealis Farw. as a syn. of Q. rubra, that var.
appears to be the more northern Gray Oak (syn. Q. borealis, Q. ambigua) with acorns
resembling Q. coccinea. See Britton 1901, Sargent 1922; such variety is seldom accepted
today.
(Northern Red Oak, Red Oak)
Large native tree with large acorns in a very shallow cup. Leaves dull green. Ribbons of earlier smooth bark streak upper trunks. Deadwood not persistent.
Habitat: "Usually found on rich, moist, but well-drained loams" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). Rich hillsides in cool ravines.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, frequent in the Lower Midland District, most abundant in the Upper Midland and Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Frequent on rich ravine soils in the Severn River Highlands.
Records: (As Q. borealis var. maxima): Glen Burnie 11/13/1910, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Bluffs of the Severn opposite Annapolis 11/13/1910, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 166 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). St. James Church, edge of a woods and field along Lyons Creek branch 7/27/1966 & 9/16/1966, Stieber 165 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Records: (As Q. rubra): Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry, Iliff properties). Martins Pond ravine. Lake Ogleton watershed (above R.R. r/w). Mill Creek watershed (McCann property). College Creek Woods. Truxtun Park (central ravine).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (As Q. borealis var. maxima by Stieber 1971).
ADD: Quercus rubra. Large-fruited form.
This unnamed form, with acorns fully twice the weight of nearby trees, is of sufficient interest to be here listed. The acorns are ca. 1.25 inches long, and have sides which are parallel, and straight into the shallow cup, which is also heavier than typical.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, Berry's Woods, ca. 1958; one tree ca. 24" DBH on NE facing slope at lower end of ravine originating at Pine Bluff Way and Severnway.
495. Quercus x saulii Schn. B&B: unlisted.
(Saul Oak) Native tree: Natural hybrid of Q. alba and Q. prinus. Leaf elliptic, 6.5” – 7.5”; lobes ca. eight, tapering; sinuses more than halfway to midrib, 5/4” to 7/4” deep.
Sightings: Ulmstead (very large tree, top of slope above water, Quail Run Court). Arlington Echo at administration parking lot (cut down 1987). Roadside, Arundel Place, West Annapolis June 2002.
496. Quercus stellata Wang. 1787. B&B.72
[Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sargent] Shr.426
(Post Oak)
Native tree. Structure coarser than white oak. Leathery leaves have distinct cross shape, and are borne at the end of straight twigs.
Habitat: "Sandy or sterile soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Impoverished sandy soils; Dry uplands and south-facing slopes of sandy promontories.
Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal Zone on light, well-drained soil, is relatively most abundant on the Serpentine Barrens, frequent elsewhere in the Lower Midland, infrequent in the Upper Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, 10-15 m. tree 6/14/1966, Stieber 173 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed; City property at Edgewood Road watertower (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan's Cove (Ewell property). Indian Landing Road. Warfields Branch (below Rt. 32). Pohlmans Point. Truxtun Park (one small tree). Luce Creek (a few small trees on shore at Jones' property). Chase Creek (south-facing promontory at Ozkaptan property). Holly Beach Farm (along shore at Moss Pond). Shore at College Creek Woods. Adams Park school property.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
497. Quercus velutina Lam. 1783. Shr.425, B&B.79
(Black Oak)
Large heavy-limbed dark-barked native forest tree. Leaves glossy green, shape varies; deeper sinuses toward top of tree. Deadwood somewhat persistent.
Habitat: "An upland tree on dry slopes and ridges or on moist, rich soil in mixed stands, rarely on rich bottom lands" (Harrar & Harrar 1962). Does not withstand drought as well as Q. prinus.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; one of the three commonest oaks in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, large tree 2 dm in diam. 8/8/1966 & 10/3/1966, Stieber 175 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of Rt. 424, 5-20 m. trees in moist woods, sandy soil 9/2/1966, Stieber 174 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed; city property at Edgewood Road (Williams 1989). Shipleys Choice 8/15/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Rucker, Iliff properties). Indian Landing Road. Truxtun Park. Community College Woods 9/15/90.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
44. Ulmaceae (Elm Family)
498. Celtis occidentalis L. 1753. Shr.427, B&B.90
(Common Hackberry) Native deciduous tree with gray, unfissured, warty bark.
Habitat: Moist woods, fencerows, riverbanks, strands. Small fruiting specimens up to ten feet high are found in many areas, but large trees are usually planted specimens. A possible indicator of high pH (Fowells 1965, p.141). The highly acidic soils over much of A.A.Co. are probably ill-suited to hackberry; tidewater strands seem more chemically compatible. Large specimens may be a useful indicator of circumneutral soils.
Frequency: "Rare in the Southern Eastern Shore, frequent in the remainder of the Coastal Zone and in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910). Appears frequent on Rhode River, but uncommon and small northward in the county.
Records: Curtis Bay (Plitt 5/11/1899). Bluffs of the Severn opposite Annapolis, spreading shrub of 6 ft. 10/16/1911, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, shrub in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 176 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in old fields and along roads; Ivy Neck, solitary at old house to right of entrance gate, Higman 367, 370 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county strand station mapped by Sipple 1978. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Gumbottom Branch (at road crossing). Truxtun Park. Chase Creek watershed (small tree, roadside, Lot 730, Pines). Cove of Cork sand bar. Hackett's Point (specimens to 12" trunk diameter in thickets around large freshwater pond). Contees Wharf Road (Kirkpatrick-Howat property): large trees in fencerows 6/11/87. Woods road to Round Bay Bog 9/15/90. Grassy parking area at Kurtz’s Pleasure Beach ca. 1997.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
499. Ulmus americana L. 1753. Shr.427, B&B.88
(American Elm, White Elm) Large native tree .
Habitat: "Rich soil along streams or lowlands" (Steiber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being rare in the southern Eastern Shore, frequent in other portions of the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Now nearly extirpated by Dutch Elm Disease.
Records: Throughout Rhode River watershed; infrequent but characteristic canopy species on stream floodplains; Java Farm, infrequent in moist fields north of main buildings, and in moist forest, Higman 428 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Holly Beach Farm (nearly prostrate specimen on beach at Moss Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
500. Ulmus pumila L. B&B.88
(Siberian Elm)
Tree introduced from Asia. An occasional escape.
Records: Ivy Neck (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary at edge of steep bank of Rhode River, just north of pier, Higman 1074 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
501. Ulmus rubra Muhl. B&B.87
(Ulmus fulva Michx. 1803) Shr.427
(Ulmus pubescens Walt.)
(Slippery Elm) Native tree.
Habitat: Rich moist sandy soil; open woods and thickets; southern exposures. "Swampy thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields near CBC pier, Higman 347, 391 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (small roadside specimens near Chase Creek Swim Club). Brewer Creek watershed (along Sherwood Forest Road). Winchester Pond watershed (Bullard property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
45. Moraceae (Mulberry Family)
502. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 1799. Shr.427, B&B.93
[Papyrius papyrifera (L.) Kuntze 1891]
(Morus papyrifera L. 1753)
(Paper Mulberry)
Tree introduced from Asia. Sprouts from roots, forms thickets.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "Mostly in the Coastal Zone" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Java Farm, solitary near west fence of old field near CBC pier, Higman 346, 1137 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Near fence of field at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Route 648 north of Glen Oban. Truxtun Park (near Hesselius cemetery). Lower end of swale in poplar woods on Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/90. Old Bates H. S. property 1991.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
503. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider 1906. B&B.95
(Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. 1818)
(Toxylon pomiferum Raf. 1817) Shr.427
(Osage Orange)
Tree introduced from Arkansas, Oklahoma, & Texas.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones, apparently not hardy in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in hedgerows and along shores of upper Cheston Peninsula, Higman 869, 1010 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Open woods off Cumberstone Road at "Cedar Park". College Creek: bank at end of State "D" parking lot; shore at St. Anne's graveyard. Several trees in boxelder thicket between Rowe Blvd. And Forbes St., Annapolis 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
504. Morus alba L. 1753. B&B.93
(White Mulberry)
Spreading tree with persistent deadwood, introduced from eastern Asia, and thoroughly naturalized. Leaves glossy above; waxy-smooth to the touch. Teeth mostly rounded, tip short-acuminate, petiole yellow-green, veins sparsely pubescent.
Habitat: Common along roadsides, hedge-rows, and waste places.
Frequency: "Common...mostly on the Coastal Plain and Piedmont" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Manresa, small tree at the entrance to woods 6/1/1966, Steiber 177 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in understory of poorly drained forest, Higman 479 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park, Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
505. Morus rubra L. 1753. Shr.427, B&B.93
(Red Mulberry) Spreading native tree with persistent deadwood. Leaves scabrous above; scruffy-rough to the touch.
Habitat: Edge of fields and openings on rich moist soil. "Most abundant in flood plains and rich upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Rare in the southern Eastern Shore, infrequent throughout the remainder of the state" (Shreve et al 1910). Rapidly disappearing, apparently due to a bacterial root disease acquired from Morus alba.
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in understory of poorly drained forest, Higman 425, 527, 770 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (road to Ruckers Pond, 8/18/1999 - tree dead, May 2000). Edge of woods at Arnold Elementary School baseball field. Meredith Creek (Corrin Strong estate: edge of clearing between overseer's house and water). Lot 755, Pines on Severn, July 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
506. Natural hybrid of Morus alba and Morus rubra.
Hybridization threatens the genetic integrity of Morus rubra. This is a severe problem affecting remaining populations in Ontario, Canada. However, the hybrid does appear more resistant to a bacterial disease which has affected native mulberries in Anne Arundel County.
Description: Leaves to 8 inches, glabrous, not glossy, silky-smooth to touch. Tips long-acuminate. Teeth broad with sharp point. Petiole dull green. Veins hairy w/lens. Bark and structure like red mulberry.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property, Lot 704, 8/18/1999.
The trunk of this tree shows (8/23/1999) numerous cankers which are healing satisfactorily, without secondary enlargement.
46. Cannabinaceae (Hemp Family)
507. Cannabis sativa L. 1753. B&B.390
(Marijuana, Hemp)
Tall (3-10 ft.) palmate-leaved annual herb introduced from Asia.
Habitat: "Waste rich land" (Jaques 1959). Openings in rich woods and bottoms. Not on poor sands or in dense shade.
Frequency: May be encountered where illegally planted. Plantings (no longer extant) seen at Chase Creek, Mill Creek (of Severn), and Sullivans Cove watersheds. Naturalized populations less common.
Records: Manresa, along a path through a moist woods 9/9/1966, Steiber 178 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed: Harbour Glen property by Rucker & Nancy Kelly ca. 1986.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
508. Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. B&B.388
(Japanese Hops)
Annual twining vine introduced from Japan. Leaves deeply 5-9 lobed.
Habitat: "Home sites, roadsides and fence rows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Occasional" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
47. Urticaceae (Nettle Family)
509. Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. 1788. B&B.392
[Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Willd.] Shr.428
(Urtica cylindrica L. 1753)
(False Nettle, Smallspike)
Native perennial herb. Ht. to 3 ft. Leaves opposite, serrate. Some pubescence, but no stinging hairs.
Habitat: "Moist or shady ground" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Edges of ponds.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road near shaded culvert over north fork of Muddy Creek, also near culvert of Fox Creek near new entrance gate, Higman 458, 978 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond 8/18/1999). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Truxtun Park.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
510. Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. B&B.392
[Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaud.]
[Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze] Shr.428
(Wood Nettle)
Perennial herb with stinging hairs. Ht. 2-3 ft. Leaves alternate.
Habitat: "Moist rich woods" (Gray 1867). "Flood plains and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich woods and stream banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
511. Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray 1848. B&B.392
(Urtica pumila L. 1753)
[Adicea pumila (L.) Raf. 1843] Shr.428
(Clearweed, Richweed)
Native translucent-stemmed, weak-rooted, annual herb. Ht. ca. 12 in.
no stinging hairs.
Habitat: "Cool and moist shaded places" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich, moist woodlands...garden[s], especially shady situations" (Fogg 1956). Fresh sandy alluvium in moist ravine bottoms.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A garden weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Java Farm, solitary along old entrance road, near old pump house, Higman 1212 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county station on Patuxent River mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Marley Creek Swamp 9/30/1990, Longbottom 1290 (AACC). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers ravine). Warfields Branch below Rt. 32. Swale in poplar woods, Kass tract, Bay Ridge 10/6/90.
Herbaria: CBC. AACC.
512. Urtica dioica L Shr.428, B&B.390
(Stinging Nettle)
Upright opposite-leaved perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 2-3 ft. Very bristly; covered with stinging hairs.
Habitat: "Waste places and roadsides" (Gray 1867). "In waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Barnyards and along roadsides and stream banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...widely spread" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983.
Sightings: 190 Old River Road, Pines on Severn, ca. 1961; now destroyed.
48. Santalaceae (Sandalwood Family)
513. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. 1818 Shr.428, B&B.394
(Thesium umbellatum L. 1753)
(Bastard Toadflax)
Low native erect perennial herb. Ht. 8-10 in.
Habitat: "Dry ground...root forming parasitic attachments to the roots of trees" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests and open situations, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry open woods, thickets and fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; Common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common on Coastal Plain and in the idland Zone" (Brown & Brown 1984). In small colonies, infrequent.
Sightings: Truxtun Park (top of slope near bare ridge). Epping Forest (wooded promontory on Saltworks Creek with black huckleberry and bayberry). Jennifer Road at powerline crossing (Williams, pc 1991). Power line r/w near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991).
49. Loranthaceae (Mistletoe Family)
514. Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. 1856. Shr.428, B&B.95
(Viscum flavescens Pursh 1814)
(American Mistletoe) Native parasitic shrub.
Habitat: "Parasitic on deciduous trees, preferring oaks and red maple" (Shreve et al 1910; p.428). "Occurs in the 'meadow' districts, and appears to prefer black gum as a host" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.180).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Southeast of West River" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.180). Java Farm, solitary in upper branches of large oak tree on Hog Island, collected from fragments on ground, Higman 1362 (CBC) (Higman 1977); (On 6/11/87 Dennis Whigham said the tree was gone; he recalled it as a sour gum.).
Sightings: Once abundant in old sour gum woods on Shadyside Road, north of Miller's Airport; woods now cut down. In Prince Georges County, mistletoe occurred on an old sour gum near a springhouse on the John H. Buxton property at Mistletoe Springs, in Prince Georges County, 1 1/4 mile south of Laurel in the mid-1880's; plants should be looked for on the Anne Arundel side of the Patuxent, immediately above Fort Meade.
Herbaria: CBC.
50. Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort Family)
515. Asarum canadense L. 1753 Shr.428, B&B.396
(Wild Ginger)
Low native perennial herb; leaves cordate; flower on ground, brownish.
Habitat: "Hillsides in rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "On rich and usually rocky wooded slopes" (Grimm 1968). Brown & Brown (1984) state that it is less common on acid soils.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: "Patuxent River at Governor's Bridge" (personal footnote by Klockner ca. 1979). Near Little Patuxent at Forge Bridge April 1992 (Longbottom pc 4/24/1992).
51. Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family)
516. Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn. 1836-43. Shr.430, B&B.401
(Polygonum articulatum L.)
(Coast Jointweed)
Native erect annual herb. Flowers rose-colored.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests, preferring sandy soil (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal & Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Round Bay Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom, 1009 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
517. Polygonum amphibium L. Shr.429, B&B.406
[Polygonum natans (Michx.) D. C. Eaton]
[Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. F. Gray]
(Water Smartweed, Water Persicaria)
Native perennial herb. Racemes ovoid, calyx pink.
Habitat: "Shallow waters and muddy shores" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Coastal; uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, along the pond edge, with Galium aparine and other Polygonum species 9/23/1966, Stieber 191 (LCU)(Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As P. natans; Stieber 1971).
518. Polygonum arifolium L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.413
(Halberd-leaved Tearthumb)
Reclining native perennial herb. Halberd-shaped leaves. Sharp stem prickles.
Habitat: "In marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Wet soils, especially in swamps and tidal marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Evergreen Road, off Rt. 3, in a creek 7/1/1966, Stieber 184(LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary between wet Phalaris arundinacea meadow and North Fork of Muddy Creek, in wet forests, Higman 1055 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Nine county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run 9/18/1983 (Sipple 1993). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Marley Creek Swamp 9/30/1990, Longbottom 1298 (AACC). Lake Waterford Park, Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Kinder Park pond & meadow 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (above Ruckers Pond). Truxtun Park. Sewell Spring Branch (at path crossing). Brewer Pond watershed (upper ravine). Plum Creek marsh.
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
519. Polygonum aubertii (L.) Henry B&B: unlisted.
(Fleecevine)
High-twining woody deciduous vine. Native of western China.
Sightings: Planted on iron fence panels of brick wall of State Complex at Bladen Street, Annapolis in 1980's. Numerous small specimens were seen growing in the Rowe Blvd. graveled median in May 1991. A potential nuisance if allowed to escape. Vines removed ca. 2001.
520. Polygonum aviculare L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.406
(Common Knotweed, Knot-grass)
Low, wiry, much-branched, prostrate or spreading native annual herb.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...common in paths, roadsides and much tramped areas...forming a tough mat" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy-clay, in spreading mats 8/8/1966, Stieber 185 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, on lawn, moist 10/3/1966, Stieber 186 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in tractor trail to abandoned field, Higman 1059 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
521. Polygonum careyi Olney 1847 B&B.408
(Persicaria careyi Greene 1904)
(Carey's Knotweed)
Tall native annual herb. Ht. 3-5 ft. Calyx pink to purplish.
Habitat: "Shady swamps" (Gray 1867). "In marshes" (Britton 1901). Moist to wet thickets and open areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/U: Highly State Rare, uncertain status. 1991: Status Uncertain.
County Occurrence: "Upper Patuxent estuary, Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
522. Polygonum cespitosum Blume B&B.410: var. only.
Brown & Brown (1984) list only var. longisetum; likely all Maryland specimens are that
variety.
Weakly erect, introduced annual herb. Calyx rose-purple. Long-bristly at nodes.
Habitat: "Damp roadsides and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, along pond edge with Galium and P. sagittatum 9/23/1966 Stieber 187 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, lot 705 9/26/1992).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).
523. Polygonum cespitosum Blume var. longisetum (DeBruyn) Stewart B&B.410
Introduced annual herb.
Habitat: "Damp roadsides and wet places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in moist, shaded sites, e. g. along old entrance road (forested portion) and along upper Fox Creek drainage, Higman 35, 223 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
524. Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray B&B.413
[Polygonum scandens var. cristatum (Engelm. & Gray) Gleason]
[Polygonum dumetorum forma cristatum (Engelm. & Gray) Robinson]
(Crested False Buckwheat, Cornbind)
Perennial herbaceous twining vine.
Habitat: "Sandy woods and rocky banks" (Britton 1901). "Sandy and rocky, partly shaded areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary by old entrance road at small culvert, just after entrance to forest, Higman 1207 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
525. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. 1846. B&B.406
(Pleuropteris zuccarinii Small 1895)
(Japanese Knotweed)
Stout, jointed-stemmed, slightly woody perennial herb. Introduced from Japan, and escaped from cultivation. Whitish flowers.
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Frequency: "A weed...prodigiously rapid and vigorous growth" (Fogg 1956).
Sightings: Railroad r/w near Joyce Lane. Roadside ditch, underpass ramp, Rt. 50 to Rowe Blvd. (This station destroyed by construction of new interchange 1988). Old Rt. 178 (between Sherwood Forest Rd. and River Rd.). (All tentative identification; the greenish-flowered P. sachalense may also occur).
526. Polygonum densiflorum Meisn. B&B.408
(Dense-flowered Knotweed)
Decumbent perennial herb. Calyx whitish.
Habitat: "Swamps and shallow waters" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Sightings: Border of ponds at Governors Bridge Road (Longbottom, pc 1991).
527. Polygonum hydropiper L. Shr.430, B&B.408
(Water Smartweed, Water-pepper)
Erect annual, introduced from Europe. Ht. 1-2 ft. Calyx greenish.
Habitat: "Moist or wet grounds" (Gray 1867). "In moist waste places"
(Britton 1901). "Damp soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "Infrequent, mostly coastal" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
528. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. 1803. Shr.429, B&B.410
(Swamp Knotweed, Mild Smartweed, Mild Water-pepper)
Native reclining perennial herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. Calyx pink-purplish.
Habitat: "Wet places, and in shallow water" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and wet soil" (Britton 1908). "Marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Near St. James Church, in a field 6/5/1966, Stieber 190 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in a swampy area of the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 188 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, pond's edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 189 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU, US (Stieber 1971).
529. Polygonum hydropiperoides forma leucochranthum A. H. Moore B&B: unlisted.
(Smartweed)
Records: Infrequent in saltmarshes of Rhode River, Higman 80 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
530. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. setaceum (Baldw.) Gl.
(Polygonum setaceum Baldw. 1817) B&B.410
(Bristly Persicaria, Smartweed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swamps and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "One station near a cornfield at Java Farm" (As P. setaceum; Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary at north boundary fence, adjacent Kirkpatrick Howat's corn field, Higman 1243 (CBC) (As P. setaceum; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As P. setaceum; Stieber 1971).
531. Polygonum pensylvanicum L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.408
(Pennsylvania Knotweed, Pennsylvania Smartweed, Pennsylvania Persicaria, Big-seeded Smartweed, Pinkweed)
Native annual branching herb. Calyx pink.
Habitat: "Moist soil, in open waste places" (Gray 1867). "Moist cultivated ground" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp shores, thickets or clearings" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in wet sandy-clay 8/8/1966, Stieber 192 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant along roads (E. G. Contees Wharf Road); in open fields at Ivy Neck, and at western end of Phalaris arundinacea meadow at Java Farm; Higman 151, 1023 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (on Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
532. Polygonum perfoliatum L. B&B.410
(Perfoliate Tearthumb)
Vigorous prickly reclining or climbing herb introduced from Asia. A noxious weed.
Habitat: Moist rich soils; roadsides, floodplains and stream banks.
Frequency: Prolific at all stations, and establishing in rich moist soils in many areas.
Records: Rts. 3 & 178 7/20/1984, Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Jabez Branch watershed (above Rt. 32, and below Hog Farm Rd.). Cypress Branch floodplain. Chase Creek watershed (one plant destroyed near Ruckers Pond 1986). Near Stony Run (Seen 1985 by Klockner & Rucker at end of road leading to BWI Helonias bullata station). Severn Run valley below New Cut Road. Ravine off lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch) one plant 10/15/88. Head of Waterford Branch 8/19/1989, Waterford Branch below Rt. 2 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Eagle Hill Road at powerline (Longbottom, pc 1991). Forest Home site at Marley Creek 8/9/1991 (Sipple 1993). Kinder Park [Longbottom 1993 (as P. peltatum)].
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
533. Polygonum persicaria L. 1753. Shr.430, B&B.410
(Lady's Thumb, Smartweed)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe. Calyx pink to dark purple.
Habitat: "Waste & damp places" (Gray 1867) "Many habitats, mostly on moist soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Dry shaded area at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary near small barn on south bank of Colhoun's hog pond, Higman 1002 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
534. Polygonum prolificum (Small) Robinson 1902. B&B.404
(Polygonum ramosissimum prolificum Small 1894)
(Proliferous Knotweed) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Saline to brackish marshes or shores" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, near the Severn 6/20/1966, Stieber 193 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jct. of Rt. 648 and Rt. 2, shaded area 6/20/1966, Stieber 194 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
535. Polygonum punctatum Ell. 1817. Shr.429, B&B.408
(Dotted Smartweed, Water Smartweed)
Native perennial herb. Calyx white, tinged with pink.
Habitat: "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Ditches and pond margins" (Fogg 1956). Wet shores, swamps, saltmarshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A garden weed in damp clayey soil (Fogg 1956).
Records: Deale, in a saltmarsh at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). N. of Ft. Meade at jct. of Balt.-Wash. Pkwy. 8/6/1966, Stieber 195 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, riverbank 8/8/1966, Stieber 196 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in both fresh and salt marshes, Higman 58, 159, 449 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 18 county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
536. Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small B&B: unlisted.
(Smartweed)
Records: "One station in an abandoned field of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Not included in Higman 1977.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
537. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. 1803. B&B.404
(Bushy Knotweed)
Large much-branched erect native annual herb.
Habitat: "Sandy shores and banks of streams" (Gray 1867).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Near St. James Church, along the roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 197 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
538. Polygonum robustius (Small) Fernald B&B.408
[Persicaria robustior (Small) Bicknell]
(Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. robustius Small)
(Stout Smartweed)
Native perennial herb. Ht. to 6 ft. Calyx white. Bristly at nodes.
Habitat: "Shallow water or swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
539. Polygonum sagittatum L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.413
(Arrow-leaved Tearthumb)
Native annual reclining herb; four-sided stem with recurved prickles.
Habitat: "Marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common." (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, in a roadside ditch 7/27/1966, Stieber 199 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, with other Polygonum species along the pond's edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 198 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Six county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Severn Run 9/18/1983 (Sipple 1993). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Sawmill Pond 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Meadow at NW head of Marley Creek between Rts. 10 & 648 7/22/90, Longbottom 900 (AACC). Marley Creek Swamp 9/30/90, Longbottom 1301 (AACC). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond). Severn Run Environmental Area (at Dicus Mill Road).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
540. Polygonum scandens L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.413
(Climbing False Buckwheat, Hedge Cornbind)
Native annual or perennial. A branching, twining vine to 20 ft. long.
Habitat: "Moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fence-rows, cultivated fields, waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Deale, at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, twining on Lespedeza along sandy area 9/2/1966, Stieber 201 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Marley Creek swamp 9/30/90, Longbottom 1296 (AACC). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed; clearing by Ruckers Pond (Williams pc 9/7/1986).
Herbaria: AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
541. Rumex acetosella L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.397
(Sheep Sorrel, Common Sorrel, Red Sorrel)
Low perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Lance-halberd leaves.
Habitat: "An abundant weed in waste places and all sterile and worn fields" (Gray 1867). "Cultivated ground" (Shreve et al 1910). Shreve (1910, p.296) observes that an abundance of Sheep Sorrel characterizes a field in a poor or run-down condition. "In dry or sandy places; most persistent in poor, acid soil" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Often becomes an exceedingly virile weed in lawns and gardens" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Manresa, in fields and lawn 5/5/1966, Stieber 180 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Wayson's Corner, common along roadsides 5/21/1966, Stieber 179 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy loam 6/7/1966, Stieber 181 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, infrequent to moderately abundant along roads and in lawns or recently abandoned fields, Higman 590, 759, 1083 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Persistent in creeping juniper planter, Annapolis State Complex, Sept. 1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
542. Rumex crispus L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.399
(Curled Dock, Narrow Dock, Sour Dock, Yellow Dock)
Tall perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Deep-rooted turf weed 1-4 ft. tall. Wavy or curly leaf margins.
Habitat: "A very common weed in cultivated and waste places" (Gray 67). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in pastures, fields and roadsides" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...can become an intractable pest" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, at river's edge 6/7/1966, Stieber 182 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, damp area in the lawn 6/24/1967, Stieber 183 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent in abandoned wheat field; Java Farm, infrequent on waste ground near buildings, etc., Higman 688, 852 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
543. Rumex obtusifolius L. 1753. B&B.399
(Broad-leaved Dock, Bitter Dock)
Stout perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Broad, heart-shaped leaves.
Habitat: "A rank weed...where old fields have been converted for... vegetables" (Fogg 1956). "Shaded roadsides and waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "A common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on Fox Point Road near old barn; Ivy Neck, solitary on old logging road in Scaffold Peninsula forest, Higman 523, 976 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: 190 Old River Road, Pines on Severn.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
544. Rumex pulcher L. 1753 B&B.397
Slender, branching perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste places and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in grassy patch at old entrance, Higman 1084 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station reported at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
545. Rumex verticillatus L. 1753. Shr.429, B&B.399
(Swamp Dock, Water Dock) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist swamps and ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). Saltmarshes of estuaries.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Moderately abundant in salt marshes bordering Rhode River and tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 289, 945 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (on Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978.
Sightings: Magothy shoreline swale between Wilson K. Barnes property and Shore Acres by Williams.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
546. Tovara virginianum (L.) Raf. 1836 B&B.399
(Polygonum virginianum L. 1753) Shr.429
(Virginia Knotweed, Jumpseed)
Native erect firm-rooted perennial herb. Central blotch on leaf.
Habitat: "Thickets in rich soil" (Gray 1867). "In woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, rather sturdy, growing along RR tracks, in a shaded damp area 10/3/1966, Stieber 201 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Truxtun Park. Round Bay Bog woods (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
52. Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot Family)
547. Atriplex patula L. var. hastata (L.) A. Gray 1867. B&B.420
(Atriplex hastata L. 1753) Shr.430
Our plants belong to var. hastata" (Brown & Brown 1984).
(Halberd-leaved Orache, Spearscale, Fat-hen Saltweed)
Native annual herb. Leaves halberd-shaped, mostly entire.
Habitat: "Growing on the strand and in salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "In waste places, especially alkaline soils" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: No locale 10/29/1879, John D. Smith (US)(Stieber 1967). South R. at Porter Point, in a sandy salt marsh 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, sandy shore of the Severn 10/3/1966, Stieber 207 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Moderately abundant in salt marshes bordering Rhode River, Higman 60, 276 (CBC) (Higman 1977). About sixteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
548. Chenopodium album L. 1753. Shr.430, B&B.420
(Lamb's Quarters, Lambsquarter Goosefoot)
Large (to 5-6 feet) erect annual herb naturalized from Europe; leaves whitish beneath.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, gardens, and waste places. "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "One of the most widely distributed weeds" (Fogg 1956).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.192).
Records: Near St. James Church, in fields 8/12/1966, Stieber 203 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, common along the road and in lawns 9/9 & 10/3/1966, Stieber 202 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on old entrance road near road to springhouse; Ivy Neck, solitary in abandoned wheat field; Higman 982, 1121 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
549. Chenopodium ambrosoides L. 1753. B&B.417
(Mexican Tea)
Annual herb naturalized from tropical America, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves toothed, bright green beneath.
Habitat: "Cultivated ground and waste places, especially barnyards" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "...unpleasant weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Manresa, in moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 205 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, near the water's edge in mud 10/29/1966, Stieber 204 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Old field at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Clearing near Ruckers Pond (Williams, pc).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
550. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. 1753. B&B.420
(Good King Henry) Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste places, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, along Severn R. shore 9/9/1966, Stieber 206 (LCU)
(Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
551. Chenopodium rubrum L. 1753. B&B.420
(Red Goosefoot) Native erect annual herb.
Habitat: "In saltmarshes" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
552. Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen B&B.417
(Chenopodium hybridum var. standleyanum)
(Chenopodium boscianum Moq. 1840)
(Chenopodium album var. boscianum)
(Standley's Goosefoot, Bosc's Goosefoot)
Erect or arching native annual herb.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). Roadsides and waste places.
Heritage Rating: 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Endangered.
Records: (As C. boscianum) W. bank of the Severn, above the mouth of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
553. Salsola pestifer A. Nelson 1909. B&B: unlisted.
(Salsola kali L. var. tenuifolia G. F. W. Meyer)
(Salsola kali L. var. tenuifolia Tausch)
(Saltwort, Russian Thistle, Russian Cactus)
Much-branched herb naturalized from Eurasia.
Habitat: "Sandy river shores" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, sandy shore of the Severn 8/8/1966, Stieber 208 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
53. Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family)
554. Acnida cannabina L. 1753. Shr.430, B&B.428
[Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) Sauer]
(Salt-marsh Water-hemp, Tidemarsh Waterhemp)
Tall robust native annual herb.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Mouth of the Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Sherwood Forest marsh, on the Severn R. 8/16/1930, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). South R., in a marsh at Porter Point 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Deale, saltmarsh at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in a moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 210 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Muddy Creek 8/13/1971 (Sipple 1993). Infrequent in salt marshes bordering Rhode River, also on sandbars, Higman 99, 971 (CBC) (Higman 1977). About 31 A. A. Co. brackish-marsh stations mapped (as Amaranthus cannabinus) by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Cypress Creek Bog marsh 8/4/90, Longbottom 949 (AACC). Main Creek at Maywood Avenue 9/17/90 Longbottom 1201 (AACC). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek (Berry's marsh). College Creek (Meth. church property). Spa Creek (at footbridge 1988). Mill Creek of Magothy (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
555. Amaranthus lividus L. 1753 B&B.428
(Amaranthus blitum L.)
(Euxolus lividus Moq. 1849)
(Purplish Amaranth)
Glabrous, rather succulent purplish-green annual branching herb, 1-3 ft., adventive fromSouth America.
Habitat: "Waste places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "A troublesome weed in market-garden area around Baltimore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1993).
556. Amaranthus hybridus L. 1753. B&B.426
(Slender Amaranth, Green Amaranth, Green Pigweed, Prince's Feather)
Large annual herb naturalized from tropical America. Smaller than A. retroflexus.
Habitat: "Waste places and cultivated fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Common, prolific garden weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Along Chesapeake Bay, south of Annapolis 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, in a cornfield 8/12 & 9/16/1966, Stieber 209 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at north boundary fence, adjacent to Kirkpatrick Howat's corn field; Ivy Neck, solitary on rubbish near old house and barn, south of entrance gate, Higman 1037, 1117 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
557. Amaranthus retroflexus L. 1753. Shr.430, B&B.426
(Pigweed, Rough Pigweed).
Stout annual herb adventive from tropical America. 1-10 ft. tall.
Habitat: "Cultivated and manured soil, gardens, etc." (Gray 1867). In waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A ubiquitous plant of field and farmland" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A very abundant weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
558. Amaranthus spinosus L. 1753. Shr.430, B&B.428
(Spiny Amaranth, Thorny Amaranth)
Annual herb naturalized from tropical America. Ht. 1-4 ft. Spines in leaf axils.
Habitat: "In waste and cultivated soil" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on rubbish near main buildings, Higman 500 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "In a rubbish pile at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
559. Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. B&B.428
(Cottonweed)
Native annual herb. Leaves opposite, wooly. Terminal flower spike.
Habitat: "Dry sandy places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Rt. 3, about 1 mi. S. of Rt. 176, in waste ground 9/4/1960, Eduards Baltars (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: BG&E r/w nr. Round Bay Bog (by Williams July 1988). West side Rt. 648 near Old Man Creek (Longbottom pc 1990).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
54. Phytolaccaceae (Pokeweed Family)
560. Phytolacca americana L. 1753. B&B.430
(Phytolacca decandra L. 1762) Shr.431
(Pokeweed, Common Pokeberry, Poke)
Tall, branching, succulent, purple-berried native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low grounds and rich soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). On earth raised by large uprooted forest trees.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "An ever-present, persistent and pernicious weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Near Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, large plant in dense weedy stands around a pond, up to 2 m. tall 6/20/1966, Stieber 211 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent near main buildings and in old fields; Ivy Neck, apparently an early dominant in abandoned fields on Scaffold Peninsula; moderately abundany in young sweetgum stands there; infrequent in hardwood forests of Scaffold and Cheston Peninsula; Higman 3 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Five county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors
Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, lot 705, 8/18/1999).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
55. Aizoaceae (Carpet-weed Family)
561. Mollugo verticillata L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.432
(Carpet-weed)
Prostrate annual herb from tropical America; much-branched, spreading.
Habitat: "In waste and cultivated grounds" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Sandy soil, gravelly walks, or between bricks in walks or pavements" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent in corn fields, Higman 958, 1062 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent in cornfields at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: In unmortared brick patio, Annapolis State Complex, Sept. 1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
56. Portulacaceae (Purslane Family)
562. Claytonia virginica L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.432
(Virginia Spring-beauty)
Native spring-flowering perennial herb. Leaves linear, flowers pink.
Habitat: "Moist open woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich, moist woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, near an oak tree under moist cover of leaves 3/20/1966, Stieber 212 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, wet banks of the pond 5/2/1967, Stieber 213 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, abundant in mature mixed hardwood forest west of north fork of Muddy Creek, Higman 562 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Floodplain of Rock Branch, above Sands Road (Higman 1977); see Erythronium americanum. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al
1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (a few plants, ca. 1986, in very moist soil, Iliff's ravine 4/6/81). Said to occur on Holly Hill estate at Friendship (pc, Virginia P. Clagett). In woods along Rt. 4 near Wayson's Corner (Longbottom, pc 1990). Transplanted specimens from the Patuxent have spread and become naturalized on a south-facing slope under large tuliptrees gardened by Mrs. Carl Ortman, Rt. 648 & Old Frederick Road, Arnold, 4/22/1996.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
563. Portulaca oleracea L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.434
(Common Purslane)
Much-branched, prostrate annual herb from Europe. Stems and leaves smooth, fleshy.
Habitat: "Cultivated and waste grounds" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). Common weed of gardens and weak turf.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...a plague visited upon all gardeners" (Fogg 1956). "A weed...very common and widely scattered in gardens, cultivated fields, etc." (Jaques 1959).
County Occurrence: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent at north boundary fence, adjacent to Kirkpatrick Howat's corn field, Higman 1036 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Flower bed, State House grounds, 1992.
Herbaria: CBC.
57. Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family)
564. Agrostemma githago L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.449
(Lychnis githago Scop. 1772.)
Corn Cockle, Purple Cockle)
Tall winter annual herb introduced from Europe. Flowers purple. 1-3 ft. tall.
Habitat: "In grain fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed of grain fields; seeds poisonous (Fogg 1956).
Records: Wayson's Corner, on a gravelly roadside 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Farm area S. of Lothian, off Rt. 2, edge of a plowed field 5/21/1966, Stieber 219 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, along road 6/11/1966, Stieber 218 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Along Rt. 4 near Wayson's Corner 5/24/90, Longbottom 617 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: AACC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
565. Arenaria serpyllifolia L. 1753. Shr.432, B&B.443
(Thyme-leaved Sandwort)
Slender annual branching herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves opposite, sessile.
Habitat: "In dry or rocky places" (Britton 1901). "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution
(Envirens 1991).
566. Cerastium nutans Raf. 1814. B&B.447
(Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. 1813) Shr.432
(Mouse-ear Chickweed, Nodding Chickweed)
Native annual herb.
Habitat. "In moist shaded places" (Britton 1901). "Moist rich soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Alluvial or rich, wooded soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, pond's edge 6/14/1966, Stieber 214 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
567. Cerastium viscosum L. 1753. B&B.447
(Annual Mouse-ear Chickweed)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe. 4-12 in. high.
Habitat: "In waste places and meadows" (Britton 1901). Rich moist soil. "Waste places, fields, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "A common weed of fields and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a field near the edge of a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 215 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in grassy areas and fallow corn fields, Higman 636 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
568. Cerastium vulgatum L. 1762. B&B.447
(Larger Mouse-ear Chickweed, Perennial Mouse-ear Chickweed)
Low-growing biennial or perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves opposite, oblong, fuzzy.
Habitat: "In fields and woods" (Britton 1901). Rich moist soil. Common weed of turf and garden.
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
569. Dianthus armeria L. 1753. B&B.455
(Deptford Pink) Biennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). Sandy roadsides and abandoned fields.
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along unshaded roads and in open fields, Higman 23, 722 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property ca. 1973, now absent). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Christmas tree plantation at Masque Farm, Spa Rd., Annapolis 6/11/87. Davidsonville USAF Transmitter Station (Williams, pc 1991). Powerline r/w at Millersville Landfill 1991.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
570. Dianthus prolifer L. 1753 Shr.432, B&B.455
[Tunica prolifer (L.) Scop.]
(Proliferous Pink)
Erect annual herb with small pink flowers; naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides and fields" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Annapolis (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910).
571. Holosteum umbellatum L. B&B.447
(Jagged Chickweed)
Erect annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "A weed in fall-sown fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Locally abundant on the Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown
1984).
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
572. Lychnis alba Mill. 1768. Shr.431, B&B.449
(White Campion)
Much branched biennial or perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves opposite, stems hairy. Flowers white.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In waste land, pastures and fields (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides and waste places"
(Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, in an open field 5/2/1966, Stieber 217 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Odenton at Rt. 50 & Severn Run, moist shady area 6/14/1966, Stieber 216 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in grassy old fields immediately south of the main building area, Higman 8, 662 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Eagle Hill Road powerline 8/11/90, Longbottom 1001 (AACC).
Sightings: Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88.
Herbaria: CBC, AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
573. Saponaria officinalis L. 1753. Shr.432, B&B.453
(Bouncing Bet, Soapwort)
Stout perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Along railroad embankments, roadsides, etc." (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, common along the roadside 7/1/1966, Stieber 223 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Locally abundant along Mayo Road, east of Muddy Creek Road, Higman 1399 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
574. Saponaria vaccaria L. 1753. B&B.453
[Vaccaria segetalis (Neck) Garcke.]
[Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton 1897] Shr.432
(Cow-herb) European; escape from cultivation. Erect branching herb with open cymes of deep pink to pale red flowers.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Anne Arundel County, Odenton (1473)" (Shreve et al 1910).
Herbaria: Shreve's #1473 might be at MARY, or at US.
575. Scleranthus annuus L. 1753. B&B.436
(Knawel, German Knotgrass)
Low annual or winter annual herb naturalized from Europe. Low matted clumps of foliage somewhat like redcedar in appearance.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places or on dry rocks" (Britton 1901). On roadside banks, dry open fields, or light garden soils" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "A persistent weed in dry gravelly or sandy situations...a real problem in lawns" (Fogg 1956). "Frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Dry sandy field near Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Between Glen Burnie and Sawmill Pond (Plitt 5/29/20). Wayson's Corner, sandy field 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). SE of Annapolis on a sandy roadside 7/9/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). South R., on Mayo's Beach 5/13/1951, G. R. Fessenden (US) (Stieber 1967). Stevens Farm at CBC, infrequent along unshaded roads and in open fields, Higman 1392 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Poplar Ridge Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Fields at Community College (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
576. Silene antirrhina L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.451
(Sleepy Catchfly)
Slender, erect native annual herb. Leaves narrow, opposite. Five petals pink, notched.
Habitat: "Usually on gravel or sandy soil" (Jaques 1959). "Dry open woods, waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50 (presumably), sandy clay soil 6/7/1966, Stieber 220 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 693 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
577. Silene caroliniana Walt. 1788. B&B.453
This is, essentially, S. pennsylvanica Michx. of older manuals.
(Carolina Wild Pink, Catchfly) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry soils, open, or in light shade" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, possibly cultivated and escaped along the roadway 5/5/1966, Stieber 221(LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (south-facing sandy slope near Berry's Pond 4/1/90). Weems Creek (south-facing sandy wooded slope near stadium stormdrain outfall 4/92).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
578. Silene conica L. 1753. B&B.453
(Striate Catchfly, Corn Catchfly)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: Sandy fields, roadsides, waste places.
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, along roadside 6/7/1966, Stieber 222 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
579. Silene cucubalis Wibel B&B.451
[Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle 1907]
[Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke 1869] Shr.431
(Bladder Campion)
European perennial opposite-leaved herb with enlarged calyx. Ht. 6-18 in. Petals white, notched.
Habitat: "Fields, roadsides and alluvial banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In meadows and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "A frequent pest in meadows and clover" (Jaques 1959).
Sightings: AACC; fields near barn (Longbottom, pc 1991).
580. Silene noctiflora L. 1753. Shr.431, B&B.453
(Night-flowering Catchfly)
European annual or winter annual herb. 1-3 ft. tall. Stem pubescent. Five petals white or pinkish, notched.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "Cultivated grounds"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on Fox Point Road, Higman 803 (CBC)(Higman 1977). "One station on Fox Point Road, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
581. Silene stellata (L.) Aiton 1811. Shr.431, B&B.451
(Cucubalus stellatus L. 1753)
(Starry Campion)
Native perennial herb. Most leaves in whorls of four. Flowers white.
Habitat: "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open woods, clearings and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in large clumps beside old entrance road and Fox Point Road, Higman 1041 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Uplands at Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/1986, 9/7/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Truxtun Park (by D. H. Williams).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
582. Stellaria graminea L. 1753 B&B.445
[Alsine graminea (L.) Britton 1894]
(Lesser Stitchwort, Common Stitchwort, Lesser Starwort)
Low glabrous perennial herb introduced from Europe. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate.
Habitat: "In meadows and pastures, along hedges, throughout Europe and Russian Asia" (Bentham & Hooker VII; 1924). "In fields and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "Grassy places" (Robinson & fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See 1993 CBC herbarium index).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
583. Stellaria longifolia Muhl. 1809. B&B.445
[Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton 1894] Shr.432
(Long-leaved Stitchwort, Chickweed) Native herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Low meadows and swamps.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, alluvial woods near the Patuxent R. 6/26/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
584. Stellaria media (L.) Vill. 1789. B&B.445
(Alsine media L. 1753) Shr.432
(Common Chickweed)
Low annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "A weed in waste places, meadows and woods" (Britton 1901).
In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed... widely distributed in lawns, gardens, etc." (Jaques 1959). "A bad weed in lawns" (Fogg 1959). A common weed in rich soils of turf and garden.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 3/11/1899, 2/15/1900). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
585. Stellaria pubera Michx. B&B.445
[Alsine pubera (Michx.) Britton] Shr.432
(Great Chickweed, Star Chickweed) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist rocky places" (Britton 1901). "Shaded rocks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "On rocky, wooded slopes" (Grimm 1968). "Rich woods and shaded, rocky areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent in most areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1984).
58. Ceratophyllaceae (Hornwort Family)
586. Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1753. Shr.433, B&B.455
(Coontail, Hornwort) Native submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: Quiet fresh waters and slightly brackish tidal rivers (0-6 ppt). "In slow streams and the upper waters of tidal rivers" (Shreve 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Arden Pond 6/3/1986. Chartwell golf course upper pond 7/16/88. Lake Waterford 8/13/88.
59. Nymphaeaceae (Water Lily Family)
587. Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. 1796. B&B.459
[Brasenia purpurea (Michx.) Casp. 1890] Shr.433
(Brasenia peltata Pursh 1814)
(Water Shield) Native aquatic perennial herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and slow streams" (Britton 1901, Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Deleted.
Records: Saw Mill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/1/1899; C. E. Waters 1905; M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.185). Java Farm, infrequent along tidal channel of Muddy Creek, upstream from spring house, Higman 998 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Tidal portion of Muddy Creek, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Little Patuxent Laurel Oxbow, abundant; (See Md. Nature Conservancy newsletter, Fall 1989, p.3). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Cattail Creek Pond (above Ritchie Hwy.) 5/12/1990, 7/12/1990, 6/9/1991, 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Litz Lake. Lower pond, Chartwell Golf Course. Cattail Creek (pond above Route 2). Ponds along Patuxent Road ca. 1 mi. S. Woodwardville (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
588. Nuphar advena R. Br. ex Aiton 1811. B&B.457
[Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & J. E. Smith]
(Nyphaea advena Soland. ex Aiton 1789) Shr.433
(Yellow Pondlily, Spatterdock, Cow Lily)
Native aquatic perennial herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and slow streams" (Britton 1901, Shreve et al 1910). Shallow ponds, swampy backwaters.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie Pond (Plitt 5/30/1899). Pond at Glenburnie (C. E. Waters 1905). Patuxent R. at Wayson's Corner 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Wayson's Corner, mucky floodbank of Patuxent River 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Two county
fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Marley Creek Swamp 7/22/90, Longbottom 905 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Severn Run below Rt. 3 on 9/18/1983, 6/14/1992 (Sipple 1993). Severn Run 5/11/1986 (Sipple 1993). Cattail Creek Pond (above Rt.2) 6/9/1991, 6/10/92 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run Environmental Area (above Dicus Mill Road). Lake Ogleton watershed (lowland above R.R. R/w). Jabez Branch (above Hog Farm Road). Cattail Creek (pond above Rt. 2). Hopkins Creek (above electric r/w). Plum/Gumbottom Branch (shrub swamp above Miner Road). Severn Run above Rt. 3 (Williams, pc 1991). Annapolis Reservoir (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
589. Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Aiton 1789.
(Nymphaea odorata Aiton) B&B.457
[Castalia odorata (Aiton) W. & W.]
[Castalia odorata (Dryand.) Woodv. & Wood. 1806] Shr.433
(Fragrant Water Lily, White Waterlily)
Native aquatic perennial herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and slow streams" (Britton 1901, Shreve et al 1910).
Shallow ponds and bog pools.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie Pond (Plitt 5/30/1899). Near Round Bay (Plitt 7/29/1899). Shallow water of Glenburnie bog and pond (As C. odorata; C. E. Waters 1905). Glen Burnie Pond (M. A. Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910; p. 185). Mt. Carmel, occasional in a marsh at the head of a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). North Grays Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Eagle Hill Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Angels Bog/Fresh Pond 6/10/1992, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Pond east of Round Bay Road, near Severn River (ca. 1925; recollection of Ruth Kitchin Trotter, ca. 1985 (pond now filled in). Sullivan Cove Pond. Litz Lake.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
60. Ranunculaceae (Crowfoot Family)
590. Anemone virginiana L. 1753. Shr.435, B&B.474
(Tall Anemone, Thimbleweed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In usually dry and rocky open woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968). "Dry open woods, thickets and slopes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Rare in the lower Midland District, common in the Upper Midland District and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent on top of ridge west of main building area and northwest of water tank, Higman 504 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Wooded roadside; Joyce Lane at Mylander property ca. 1987
(identified by D. Boone).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
591. Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach. 1839. B&B.473
(Anemone thalictroides L. 1753)
[Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. 1832] Shr.435
(Rue-Anemone) Low native perennial herb. White.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich and rather open woodlands" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, but possibly with Hepatica and Sanguinaria in a damp woods somewhere off Annapolis Road to Furnace Creek or southward (see Sanguinaria, Chamaedaphne) 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary/infrequent in poorly drained mixed hardwood forest on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 570, 631 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's ravine). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff's ravine 4/1/90). Said to occur on the Hock Tract on Weems Creek. Little Magothy River watershed: Woods Landing II tract, 1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
592. Aquilegia canadensis L. Shr.434, B&B.476
(Wild Columbine) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and on rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). High Island in Rhode River; infrequent in calcareous soil, Higman 1334 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (station considered an escape from cultivation; Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
593. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. 1818. Shr.434, B&B.481
(Actaea racemosa L. 1753)
(Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh)
Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: Rich deciduous woods. "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, in mixed hardwood forest, near a small culvert, Higman 1211 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland near Round Bay Bog 6/26/1982 (Sipple 1993). Eight subwatersheds of Severn River (Davison & Rucker 1988). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Lake Ogleton watershed (above R. R. r/w). Truxtun Park. Martins Pond watershed. Brewer Creek watershed. Side ravine of lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch). Lower Cypress Branch. Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's Ravine). Martins Cove Farm (between road and freshwater pond). Rays Pond watershed (slope above Iliff's Pond 1991).
Herbaria: CBC.
594. Clematis dioscoreifolia Levi & Vaniot B&B.98
(Clematis) Woody vine introduced from Japan.
Records: Java Farm, solitary on steep southeast slope above Rhode River, below CBCES pier, Higman 1039 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Slope at the shore of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property & Chase Creek Swim Club).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
595. Clematis virginiana L. 1759. Shr.435, B&B.98
(Virgin's Bower) Native woody vine.
Habitat: Climbing on shrubs in moist wayside thickets and along swamps and watercourses. "In moist and dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 130, 710, 1038 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
596. Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker. B&B.473
(Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (L.) Karst.)
(Hepatica triloba Chaix.)
[Hepatica hepatica (L.) Karst. 1880-83] Shr.435
(Anemone hepatica L. 1753)
(Round-lobed Hepatica, Liverwort) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Loose rich soil on woodland slopes.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, but possibly in a damp woods with Anemonella and Sanguinaria somewhere off Annapolis Road to Furnace Creek or southward (see Sanguinaria, Chamaedaphne) 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's Ravine). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Williams, pc).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
597. Hepatica acutiloba DC B&B.473
(Hepatica nobilis Miller var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark
(Hepatica nobilis Miller var. acuta DC.)
[Hepatica acuta (Pursh.) Britton] Shr.435
(Sharp-lobed Hepatica) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: Rich woods. "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: Essentially absent from the county. "Mountain Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: One Anne Arundel station (1977) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979. "intersection of Hampton Road and Sun Valley Dr., Anne Arundel Co., 6 April 1977..." (Reveal and Broome 1981). This is in the Cape St. Claire community.
598. Ranunculus abortivus L. 1753. Shr.435, B&B.463
(Kidney-leaf Buttercup, Small-flowered Buttercup, Kidney-leaved Crowfoot)
Native biennial herb. 6-20" tall. Basal leaves usually heart-shaped.
Habitat: "In woods and moist grounds" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In low moist woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...common in pastures and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, in a field at the edge of a woods 5/5 & 6/1/1966, Stieber 227 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on north border, west of new entrance gate, and on cut bank of Old Muddy Creek Road, Higman 580, 605 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
599. Ranunculus acris L. 1753. Shr.436, B&B.469
(Tall Buttercup, Common Buttercup, Meadow Buttercup)
Hairy, erect perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 3-4 ft.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields and meadows and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, common in a field 5/5/1966, Stieber 228 (LCU) Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
600. Ranunculus bulbosus L. 1753. Shr.436, B&B.469
(Common Buttercup, Bulbous Buttercup)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Along dirt roads and fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A lawn weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Throughout CBC, infrequent to abundant along roads, in hay fields, and other open areas, Higman 627, 1147 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
601. Ranunculus ficaria L. 1753. B&B.463
[Ficaria ficaria (L.) Karst.]
(Lesser Celandine)
Low perennial herb from Europe, resembling a pennywort. Leaves fleshy, blue-green, cordate, often appearing peltate. Flowers yellow, blooming April-May.
Habitat: Occasional escape from gardens to moist woods, reported from Mass. to D.C. & W.Va.
Sightings: (1) Chase Creek watershed: moist alluvium, Rucker's ravine.
Identified by D. H. Williams 1986. Extremely abundant April 1991, also one plant Lot 735. By 5/5/1999, the plants had spread in a quite handsome continuous blanket across the entire upper ravine.
(2) Numerous patches in lawn and naturalized garden at home of Mrs. Carl Ortman, Route 648 & Old Frederick Road, Arnold 4/22/1996. Unwanted; possibly transplanted to site years before with wildflowers from Patuxent.
602. Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. 1804 Shr.435, B&B.466
(Hooked Buttercup, Hooked Crowfoot, Rough Crowfoot)
Erect pubescent native herb, 0.5-2 ft.; leaves 3-lobed. Flowers light yellow.
Habitat: "Rich, damp woods, or margins of wet areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Calvert County" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993). Bacon Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
603. Ranunculus repens L. 1753. B&B.466
(Creeping Buttercup)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Wet open ground, yards, ditches" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Another bad weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: No locale, but possibly off Annapolis Road to Furnace Creek or southward (see Chamaedaphne, Sanguinaria) 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
604. Ranunculus sardous Crantz B&B.469
(Ranunculus philonotis Ehr.)
(Ranunculus hirsutus Curtis)
(Hairy buttercup)
Erect annual European herb. Flowers more numerous, smaller, and paler than R. bulbosus.
Habitat: "In fields, cultivated, and waste places in central and southern Europe" (Bentham & Hooker VII; 1924). "Roadsides and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Reported from Baltimore, Frederick, and St. Mary's Counties by Baltars (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See 1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
605. Ranunculus scleratus L. 1753. Shr.435, B&B.463
(Celery-leaf Buttercup, Cursed Crowfoot, Cursed Buttercup,
Celery-leaved Crowfoot) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet ditches" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Pools, moist forests, or wet places, fresh to brackish" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Near ponds and creeks" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent in wet pasturage and swales near head of Cheston Creek, Higman 877, 1157 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: "Near sewer plant on Back Creek, formerly" (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
606. Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 1804. Shr.436, B&B.466
(Swamp Buttercup, Marsh Buttercup) Native herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and low grounds" (Britton 1901).
Records: No locale 5/3/1879, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Frequency: "On the Coastal Plain; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
607. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. 1842. B&B.470
(Purple Meadow-rue, Tall Meadow-rue).
Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In wet meadows or thickets and swamps" (Grimm 1968).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/U (Regionally Rare, Status Uncertain). 1991: Status Uncertain.
Records: Magothy River edge 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
608. Thalictrum dioicum L. 1753. Shr.436, B&B.470
(Early Meadow-rue) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich, rocky woods and shady ravines" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on steep bank over Canninghouse Cove on Rhode River, Higman 1012 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Bank overlooking the Rhode River, one station" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (ravine between Iliff and Harbour Glen properties 4/23/91).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
609. Thalictrum pubescens Pursh. (See Gleason & Cronquist 1991)
(Thalictrum polygamum Muhl. 1813) Shr.436, B&B.470
(Tall Meadow-rue) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist meadows, thickets, and sunny swamps" (Grimm 1968).
Records: "Annapolis (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910). One fresh-marsh station (on Severn) mapped by Sipple 1978. Severn Run near Dicus Mill 6/29/89, Longbottom 196 (AACC). Marshy meadow NW side Marley Creek between Rts 10 & 648 7/21/1990, Longbottom 893 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Jabez Branch at Drum Point R. R. crossing (by old pilings). Mill Creek above Route 50. Sewell Spring Branch (by lower path crossing). Severn Run opposite Brooksbys Point.
Herbaria: AACC.
61. Berberidaceae (Barberry Family)
610. Berberis thunbergii DC. B&B.101
(Japanese Barberry)
Spiny shrub of Japanese origin, escaping from cultivation.
Habitat: Rich moist soils; swales of ravines.
Records: Farm area S. of Lothian, off Rt. 2, near an abandoned road & a field, young growth 3/20/1966, Stieber 230 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on bank of north fork of Muddy Creek, above old entrance road, Higman 1250 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Ravine). Brewer Creek upper ravine. Truxtun Park (Williams, pc 1991). Near Round Bay Road (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
611. Podophyllum peltatum L. 1753 Shr.436, B&B.483
(Mayapple) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich open woods, thickets and clearings" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, mixed with stands of Arisaema triphyllum, in moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 229 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy neck; moderately abundant to abundant on stream floodplains and other wet, shaded areas; infrequent to moderately abundant in upland mixed Hardwood forest; Higman 628 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Quiet waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (abundant in woods near Iliffs Pond 4/23/91). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker & Iliff properties). Browns Cove watershed: Rich property ("Severnside"). Jabez Branch below Hog Farm Road. Martins Cove Farm. Martins Pond ravine. Truxtun Park (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
62. Magnoliaceae (Magnolia Family)
612. Liriodendron tulipifera L. 1753. Shr.433, B&B.107
(Tuliptree, Yellow Poplar, Tulip Poplar)
Large intolerant native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "Infrequent in river swamps, frequent in flood plains and infrequent in moist upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland Zone, rare in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 5/18/1878, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Wayson's Corner, border of woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, medium-sized tree in moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 225 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Farm area S. of Lothian, off Rt. 2, 20 m. tree at the edge of a field & woods 5/21/1966, Stieber 226 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; characteristic canopy tree in well-developed mixed hardwood forest, especially on moderately well drained sites; infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 266, 1122 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Brewer Pond 4/16/1983 (Sipple 1993). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Iliff, Rucker properties). Cumberstone Road (Cedar Park). Truxtun Park.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
613. Magnolia virginiana L. 1753. Shr.433, B&B.104
(Sweetbay Magnolia, Swamp Magnolia, Laurel Magnolia)
Native broadleaved evergreen tree.
Habitat: Swamps and swampy woods in sandy districts. "In river swamps, stream swamps, and upland swamps, being more abundant in wet sandy soil and found also in wet clay." (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Confined to the Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Glen Burnie Pond/Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/30/1899,
5/26/1906). Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Near Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). 3 mi. NW Gibson I., near a sphagnum bog 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, small tree 6/14/1966, Stieber 224 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Seven county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981,
Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch; Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Blackhole Creek Bog (Broersma 1984). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Chartwell Branch near Severn River 3/26/1991 (Sipple 1993). Severn Run wetland behind Millersville P.O. 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Rays Pond (Mylander property). Aisquith Creek (Fosters Pond). Litz Lake magnolia swamp. Sullivan Cove cedar swamp. Yantz Creek cedar swamp. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Indian Creek Branch. Saltworks Creek (head of small cove on lower shore). Gumbottom Branch. Head of Fox Creek (Old Place Creek, on Severn River; Davison & Rucker 1986). Head of Old Man Creek 8/20/1989, Cattail Creek 11/15/1991 (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
63. Annonaceae (Custard-apple Family)
614. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal 1817. Shr.434, B&B.108
(Annona triloba L. 1753)
(Pawpaw) Small native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "Deep rich moist soil" (Sargent 1922). "Rich woods and alluvium" (Stieber 1971). Most common in circumneutral soil, a useful indicator.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone in flood plains, infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Ivy Neck, infrequent in mixed hardwood forest of Cheston and Scaffold Peninsulas, also at upland margin of Sand Point salt marsh, Higman 573 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Iliff, Ventre properties). Rays Pond watershed (Mylander property). Rugby Hall (Ley property). Brewer Pond watershed (upper ravine). Brewer Creek watershed (upper Ravine). Martins Pond ravine. Glen Oban. (Aisquith Creek watershed (Bohlman property). Patuxent Road, Odenton (ca. 200 ft. from Sara Shoemaker residence). Cumberstone Road ("Cedar Park"). Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
64. Lardizabalaceae (Lardizabala Family)
615. Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. B&B.102
High climbing woody twining vine with five leaflets. Ornamental introduced from eastern Asia and escaping.
County Occurrence: Noted from Anne Arundel County (Brown & Brown 1972).
Sightings: An example (probably planted) is on a chain link fence adjoining State Parking Lot "B" in Annapolis (5/21/1992). Also escaping at Bordley-Randall House, Randall Court, Annapolis.
65. Menispermaceae (Moonseed Family)
616. Menispermum canadense L. 1753. Shr.436, B&B.102
(Canada Moonseed) Native woody twining vine.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In woods along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Common in the Piedmont and Mountain Zones; rare on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (North-facing roadside bank of Joyce Lane at Iliff property). Lake Ogleton watershed (above R. R. r/w). Chase Creek watershed (Lot 731, 8/22/1999; Rucker's ravine, on Lindera benzoin), Lot 757 July 2002. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams, pc 1991).
66. Lauraceae (Laurel Family)
617. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume 1857. B&B.112
[Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees 1836]
(Laurus benzoin L. 1753)
[Benzoin benzoin (L.) Coulter 1894] Shr.436
[Benzoin odoriferum (L.) Nees]
(Spicebush)
Large native deciduous shrub; rarely arborescent.
Habitat: "In swamps, floodplains and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods, thickets and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913). An important component of old-field yellow poplar forests, indicative of rich soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 5/29/1878, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). No locale, but possibly in a damp woods off Annapolis Road to Furnace Creek or southward (see Sanguinaria, Chamaedaphne) 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, along a creek, small shrubs 3/20/1966, (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 234 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. jct. Rt. 42, sandy soil at the edge of a pine-oak woods 7/21 & 9/2/1966, Stieber 235 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; characteristic shrub on stream floodplains and other moist, shaded areas, Higman 73, 559, 583 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county wooded-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Kass tract at Bay Ridge. Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers woods - state champions 1990, May 2000). Cypress Branch. Martins Pond ravine. Corcoran Woods (new state champion) May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
618. Lindera benzoin var. pubescens (Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehd.
(Spicebush)
Frequency: "...New Jersey to Florida and should occur in eastern Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: Presumably in CBC collection, with var. benzoin; see Higman 1977.
619. Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees B&B.112
[Sassafras sassafras (L.) Karst. 1880-1883] Shr.436
(Laurus sassafras L. 1753)
(Sassafras officinale Nees & Eberm. 1831)
[Sassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Kuntze 1891]
(Sassafras) Native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "In dry or sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Woods, fence rows and old fields" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal and Midland Zones; rare in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). Manresa, moist woods March & May 1966, Stieber 233 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, small tree at edge of fields, Stieber 232 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, medium-sized tree in moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 231 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant in abandoned fields, often forming large clones (e. g., at Stevens Farm); infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest; Higman 382, 584 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park
(Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Downs Park 10/12/90, Corcoran Woods May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Papaverales
67. Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)
620. Papaver dubium L. 1753 Shr.437, B&B.488
(Smooth-fruited Poppy, Smooth-fruited Corn-poppy) Upright herb.
Habitat: "In waste and cultivated grounds" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Route 50 & Rowe Blvd. 6/11/89, Longbottom 141 (AACC); site now destroyed.
Sightings: Grassy field at Kinder Park; ca. 6 plants 5/14/88.
Herbaria: AACC.
621. Sanguinaria canadensis L. 1753. Shr.437, B&B.485
(Bloodroot)
Early-blooming low native perennial herb with palmate-lobed leaves.
Habitat: "Open rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In rich woods" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "In a damp woods", no locale, but possibly with Hepatica and Anemonella somewhere off Annapolis Road, to Furnace Creek or southward (see Chamaedaphne) 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/1899). Stony Run (Plitt 8/9/1899). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 560 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's ravine 4/4/81, Ventre's Ravine, Iliff’s ravine). Brewer Creek upper ravine. Martins Pond ravine. Truxtun Park ravine (possibly introduced). Slopes along river, Patuxent River Park near transmitter site (Longbottom, pc 1991). Between Pointfield Landing marina and Bear Branch 5/16/1992.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
622. Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC 1824 B&B.491
[Capnoides flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.437
(Pale Corydalis, Yellow Corydalis, Short-spurred Corydalis)
Slender glabrous 6-14 in. annual native herb. Flowers yellow, in racemes; spur short, rounded. Pods drooping or spreading.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rocky woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
68. Fumariaceae (Fumitory Family)
623. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. B&B.491
(Fumaria cucullaria L. 1753)
[Bicuculla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. 1892] Shr.437
(Dutchman's Breeches, Squirrel Corn)
Low stemless perennial herb with much-divided basal leaves.
Habitat: "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich woods and on rocky slopes" (Grimm 1968). Presumably prefers circumneutral soil.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: (1.) Increasing at the head of a rich wooded swale at Truxtun Park; noted by D. H. Williams. 4/12/90 - other non-typical plants (trout lily, Virginia bluebells) occur here; all appear to have been introduced by some wildflower enthusiast.
(2.) Little Patuxent near Forge Bridge, April 1992 (Longbottom pc).
69. Capparidaceae (Caper Family)
624. Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. 1840. B&B.494
(Large-flowered Clammy-weed) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Prairies and plains, Iowa to Missouri, Texas, west to British Columbia and California." (Britton & Brown 1913).
County Occurrence: Listed from Anne Arundel County by Brown & Brown 1984.
70. Cruciferae (Mustard Family)
(Brassicaceae)
625. Alliaria officinalis Andrz. B&B.510
[Alliaria alliaria (L.) Britton]
(Sisymbrium alliaria L.)
(Garlic Mustard)
Tall white-flowered erect biennial herb introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste places, woods and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "Roadsides and near habitations" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common, especially in Allegany County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Route 2 near West Pasadena Road 4/16/90, Longbottom 521 (AACC).
Sightings: Wooded swale between State parking lot and College Creek Bridge 4/18/91. Rt. 2 near golf course (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC.
626. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. B&B.512
[Stenophragma thaliana (L.) Celak.]
(Arabis thaliana L. 1753)
[Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Britton]
[Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) J. Gay 1826]
(Mouse-ear Cress)
White-flowered small erect annual or biennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In sandy fields and rocky places" (Britton 1901). Turf weed. Dry soil.
Records: No locale, 4/25/1881, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). East of Upper Marlboro on a dry roadside 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in cornfields and along tractor trails, Higman 582, 624 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
627. Arabis lyrata L. 1753. Shr.439, B&B.523
(Lyre-leaved Rockcress)
Native white-flowered perennial or biennial herb.
Habitat: "On rocks" (Gray 1867). "Rocky and sandy places" (Britton 1901). "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Cliffs, ledges and sandy places in gravelly or sandy soil" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Manresa, in a field near shaded edge of a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 244 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 6/1/1988 (Sipple 1993). Near Round Bay Bog 6/20/89, Longbottom 162 (AACC). Along dirt roads at Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: AACC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
628. Arabis shortii (Fernald) Gl.
(Arabis perstellata E. L. Br. var. shortii Fernald) B&B.523
[Arabis dentata (Torr.) Torr. & Gray] Shr.439
(Sisymbrium dentata Torr. & Gray 1838)
(Short's Rockcress, Toothed Rockcress)
Erect native biennial or perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich moist woods" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S-1, Highly State Rare. Endangered.
County Occurrence: "...has been collected in Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, field at the edge of a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (As A. perstellata var. shortii) (Stieber 1971).
629. Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers. 1864. B&B.516
[Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br.]
(Erysimum vernum Mill. 1768)
(Early Winter-Cress, Scurvy-grass)
Introduced from Europe; naturalized. Yellow-flowered erect biennial herb. "Somewhat cultivated as a winter salad" (Gray 1867).
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). Rich moist soil. Fields and meadows.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: E. of Upper Marlboro near the Patuxent R. 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in a field 5/5/1966, Stieber 247 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in cornfields and recently abandoned fields, Higman 575, 617, 1082 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
630. Barbarea vulgaris R. Brown ex Aiton 1812. B&B.516
[Barbarea barbarea (L.) MacM. 1892] Shr.438
(Erysimum barbarea L. 1753)
(Common Winter-Cress, Yellow Rocket)
Yellow-flowered erect perennial or biennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Low grounds and roadsides" (Gray 1867). "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields, meadows and wet woods" (Grimm 1968). Rich moist soil. Common weed of turf and garden.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, along a plowed field 5/21/1966, Stieber 248 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in damp soil 5/2/1967, Stieber 249 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in cornfields and recently abandoned fields, Higman 596 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason
et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
631. Berteroa incana (L.) DC 1821 Shr.439, B&B.497
(Alyssum incana L. 1753)
(Hoary Alyssum)
Erect branching annual herb. Naturalized from Europe. White flowers.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Fields and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Unknown; a Frederick Road (Balto. Co.) site cited by Shreve and Brown & Brown.
Sightings: Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (by Williams; Longbottom pc 1991).
632. Brassica rapa L. B&B.508
(Brassica campestris L. 1753)
B. rapa may refer to turnip (B. napus) and B. campestris may refer to rutabaga in older
manuals.
(Field Mustard, Bird's Rape)
Slender erect European annual.
Habitat: Fields.
Frequency: "A common field weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: CBC: Stevens Farm, infrequent in grassy field, adjacent to Muddy Creek Road, Higman 1394 (CBC) (As B. campestris; Higman 1977). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC.
633. Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. 1830. Shr.438, B&B.503
(Cakile americana Nutt.1818)
(Bunias edentula Bigel. 1814)
(American Sea-Rocket) Native annual fleshy herb with purple flowers.
Habitat: "In sands of the seashore" (Britton 1901). "On the strand" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, on the wet shore of the Severn 8/8/1966, Stieber 236 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant on Sand Point beach and other sandy beaches of Cheston Peninsula, Higman 860, 936 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county strand stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Marsh at Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
634. Calepina irregularis (Asso.) Thel. B&B: unlisted.
Introduced European herb; crop weed.
Records: "Strawberry patch on the farm of Elliot Pettebone, Bay Head Rd., Annapolis. Wallace T. Garrett s.n. 12 May 1981 (GH, MARY)" (Hill 1988).
Herbaria: GH, MARY (Hill 1988).
635. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic 1792 B&B.501
(Capsella bursa-pastoris Muench
[Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton 1894] Shr.439
(Thlapsi bursa-pastoris L. 1753)
(Shepherd's-Purse)
White-flowered annual or winter annual erect herb naturalized from Europe. Heart-shaped seedpods.
Habitat: In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). Roadsides.
Frequency: "The commonest of weeds" (Gray 1867). "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...very common in lawns, gardens, etc. (Jaques 1959).
Records: No locale June 1880, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, at the edge of a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 240 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary to infrequent on cleared area near main buildings, Higman 1256 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
636. Cardamine douglassii (Torr.) Britton 1889. B&B.519
(Arabis douglassi Torr. 1838)
(Cardamine rhomboidea DC var. purpurea Torr. 1822)
(Purple Cress, Douglass Bittercress)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Along streams in rich soil" (Gray 1867). "Rich low woods"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cold springy places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (state declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 - Watchlist.
Records: Waysons Corner, in moist woods 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
637. Cardamine hirsuta L. 1753. B&B.519
(Hairy Bitter-cress, Small Bitter-cress)
Annual or biennial herb probably naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In moist places and waste grounds" (Britton & Brown 1913). Moist roadsides, fields, lawns.
Frequency: "A common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a field 5/5/1966, Stieber 242 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in sandy moist ground 6/1/1966 & 5/2/1967, Stieber 243 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in cultivated fields, Higman 554, 634 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Quiet Waters Park, Jacobsville Park, Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Clearing near Ruckers Pond by D. H. Williams).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
638. Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. 1800 Shr.438, B&B.519
(Pennsylvania Bittercress) Biennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet places" (Britton 1901). "In springs and wet areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
639. Dentaria heterophylla Nutt. 1818. Shr.439, B&B.518
(Slender Toothwort) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In low woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent (& hybridizing?) with D. laciniata" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest along old entrance road, Higman 561 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
640. Dentaria laciniata Muhl. 1800. Shr.438, B&B.518
(Cut-leaved Toothwort) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich soil along streams" (Gray 1867). "In moist or rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist low woodlands and damp thickets" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Midland Zone; frequent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent on roadsides at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest along old entrance road, Higman 1081 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property with skunk cabbage (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's ravine 4/6/81). Ivy Neck (Whall property). Amberley (vacant wooded lot next to Robert L. Busch property). Woods Landing II (E. side of Little Magothy) 1992. Transplanted specimens from the Patuxent have spread and become naturalized on a south-facing slope under large tuliptrees gardened by Mrs. Carl Ortman, Rt. 648 & Old Frederick Road, Arnold 4/22/1996.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
641. Draba verna L. 1753. Shr.439, B&B.497
(Vernal Whitlow Grass)
Small (4-5 in.) annual or biennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Sandy waste places and roadsides" (Gray 1867). "In fields" (Britton 1901). "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open sandy fields or on grassy slopes" (Fogg 1956). "In dry fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Turf weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). Wayson's Corner, sandy field 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian March 1966, Stieber 241 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to abundant along roads, open fields, etc., Higman 555 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
642. Hesperis matronalis L. 1753 B&B.512
(Dame's Rocket, Dame's Violet)
Tall biennial or perennial herb introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields and along roadsides, escaped from gardens" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Balto. Beltway before 295, 5/1/90, Longbottom 574 (AACC).
Sightings: Beside dirt road to Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC.
643. Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Brown 1812. Shr.437, B&B.501
(Thlapsi campestre L. 1753)
(English Pepper-grass, Field Pepperweed, Field Cress)
Erect annual, winter annual, or biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves gray-green, pubescent.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). Roadsides. Turf weed.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...very plentiful in old fields and wasteplaces" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Manresa, in a field 6/1/1966, Stieber 238 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, along roadside 6/7/1966, Stieber 237 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road, Higman 637 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
644. Lepedium densiflorum Schrad. 1835 B&B.501
(Lepedium apetalum)
(Dense-flowered Peppergrass)
Erect annual or biennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Fields, roadsides & waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
645. Lepidium virginicum L. Shr.437, B&B.501
(Wild Peppergrass)
Native annual or biennial herb. Leaves bright green, smooth.
Habitat: "A common roadside weed" (Gray 1867). "In fields and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...the commonest of several species of peppergrass" (Fogg 1956).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, John D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, moist sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 239 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along roads and tractor trails, Higman 681, 704 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
646. Nasturtium officinale R. Brown ex Aiton 1812. B&B.516
(Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. 1753)
[Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby] Shr.438
(True Water Cress)
Floating or creeping edible perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Brooks and ditches; escaped from cultivation" (Gray 1867). "In brooks and streams" (Britton 1901). "In streams and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Bank of tidal area of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Mill Swamp, infrequent on low banks near Muddy Creek Road; Java Farm, solitary on lower banks of stream below spring house; Higman 616, 1366 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
647. Raphanus raphanistrum L. 1753. B&B.506
(Wild Radish, Jointed Charlock)
Erect annual or winter annual herb, native of Eurasia, separate from the garden radish.
Habitat: "A troublesome weed in fields" (Gray 1867). "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "A familiar weed in or near cultivated fields" (Fogg 1956). "A bad weed in grain fields, etc." (Jaques 1959).
Sightings: Old Rt. 4 near Wayson's Corner (Longbottom, pc 1991).
648. Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbas var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe B&B.514
[Rorippa islandica var. microcarpa (Regel.) Fern.]
(Yellow Water-cress) Herb.
Habitat: Damp places; wet river shores.
Frequency: "Frequent in wet areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in moist sandy-clay soil 6/27 & 8/8/1966, Stieber 246 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Marley Creek Swamp 7/7/90, Longbottom 829 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
649. Sisymbrium altissimum L. 1753. B&B.512
[Norta altissima (L.) Britton]
(Tall Sisymbrium, Tumble Mustard)
Tall (5-6 ft.) branching annual or winter annual herb adventive from Europe. Pale yellow flowers in racemes. Leaves finely dissected.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "An unsightly weed...unusually troublesome in grain fields and farmland" (Fogg 1956). "Rarely established as a weed of fields, roadsides, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3 about 1 mi. S. of Rt. 176 9/4/1960, Eduards Baltars (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
650. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. 1772. Shr.437, B&B.510
(Erysimum officinale L. 1753)
(Hedge-Mustard)
Erect annual or winter annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "An unsightly branched weed...waste places" (Gray 1867). "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...common in waste places, fields and gardens" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy clay 7/21/1966, Stieber 250 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
651. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Var. leiocarpum DC. . B&B: unlisted.
(Sisymbrium leiocarpum Jord. 1864)
A variety with glabrous raceme, pedicels and flowers. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Erect annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Records: "In a pasture at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in pasture behind mule shed, north of Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 724 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
652. Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) R. Br. B&B.499
(Shepherd Cress) Erect annual herb introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste areas, roadsides and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Fort George G. Meade; Little Patuxent near Forge Bridge April 1992 (Longbottom pc).
653. Thlaspi arvense L. 1753 B&B.499
(Field Pennycress, Mithridate Mustard)
Erect glabrous annual herb. Native of Europe and Asia.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste places throughout Europe and Russian Asia to N.W. India" (Bentham & Hooker VII; 1924). "Fields and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
71. Resedaceae (Mignonette Family)
654. Reseda lutea L. 1753 Shr.439, B&B.525
(Yellow Cut-leaved Mignonette)
Cultivated herb, occasionally escaping. Adventive from Europe.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "Fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: NE of Bowie, in a field near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard
(US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
Order Sarraceniales
72. Sarraceniaceae (Pitcher-plant Family)
655. Sarracenia flava L. 1753. B&B: unlisted.
(Yellow Pitcher-plant, Trumpets, Trumpet-leaf)
Tall slender hollow-leaved native insectivorous herb.
Habitat: "In bogs, Viginia and North Carolina to Florida, west to Louisiana" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Round Bay Bog (Sipple 1999, p.381).
Sightings: Round Bay Bog; abundant (ca. 1986). Apparently introduced by a Virginia horticulturalist, and spreading rapidly.
656. Sarracenia leucophylla
(Crimson Pitcher-plant)
Records: Round Bay Bog, "introduced" (Sipple 1999, p.381).
657. Sarracenia purpurea L. 1753. Shr.440, B&B.525
(Purple Pitcher- plant)
While most local populations may be var. purpurea, the Northern Pitcher- plant, such is uncertain; some introduced specimens may be var. venosa.
Native insectivorous herb.
Habitat: "In peat bogs" (Britton 1901).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (state rare). 1991: Threatened.
Records:
(1.) Saw Mill Branch (Plitt 3/31/1899).
(2.) Glen Burnie Pond (Saw Mill Pond) (Plitt 5/13/1899; 5/30/1899; 5/30/1900, "hundreds of flowers" - see Sipple 1999, p.382; 5/17/1902 - see Sipple 1999, p.382; 5/26/1906; 5/29/1920). Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). "Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910, p.440). Peat bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). The flooding noted by Plitt in 1920 was caused by dam construction which later caused the Sarracenia to disappear (Fessenden 1955).
(3.) Near Forest Home: (Plitt 5/2/1903, 4/29/1905).
(4.) "Cypress swamp near Round Bay ...an arm of the Magothy" [Cypree Creek] C.C.Plitt 5/28/1904; see Sipple 1999, p.355. At Round Bay, with Chamaedaphne and Chamaecyparis (A. V. Smith 1940). Smith stated: "Chamaecyparis, the southern white cedar, is often an indicator of the pitcher plant" [it appears this was the Cypress Creek station].
(5.) Fresh Pond/Angels Bog: Plitt 9/23/1905, 6/6/1914 (see Sipple 1999, pp.371,382). "...reported from Angel's Bog (Smithsonian Institution, 1974; Clyde Reed, personal communication)...we did not observe it at the site until 1979, when specimens were transplanted there by a Virginia horticulturalist." (Sipple & Klockner 1984; also see Sipple 1993,p.455). Thus it appears the original population disappeared, and those now existing are introduced.
(6.) Herald Harbor: Norman E. Miller, a resident of Herald Harbor,
transplanted some to his garden (unsuccessfully) from a local wetland in the 1950's. Chamaecyparis has been recorded from a Herald Harbor site; presumably, this was the Sarracenia station.
(7.) Said to have been introduced to a small site at Buckingham Cove,
off Manhattan Beach Road. (Wayne Klockner, personal communication, ca. 1976).
(8.) Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Seen by Sipple 6/26/1982... "Planted by VA horticulturist" (Sipple 1993). "...apparently introduced to the site by a Virginia horticulturalist." (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(9) Arden Bog: 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
658. Sarracenia purpurea var. venosa (Raf.) Fern. B&B: unlisted.
(Southern Pitcher-plant)
Found from New Jersey southward. "Shorter, broader leaves [than var. purpurea], the hollow part less than thrice as long as broad" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
County Occurrence: Reported from A. A. Co. by Shreve (1910), according to Broome et al Dec. 1979. Shreve (pp.185,440) refers to the plants as S. purpurea; any reference to variety is the work of Broome et al.
659: Sarracenia rubra Walter
(Sweet Pitcher-plant)
Records: Round Bay Bog; "introduced" (Sipple 1999, p.381).
73. Droseraceae (Sundew Family)
- Drosera sp.
(Sundews) B&B.526
Records: Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905). Pond near Sawmill Branch (Plitt 4/22/1899, 5/30/1899, 8/5/1899).
660. Drosera filiformis Raf. B&B.526
(Thread-leaf Sundew) Small native insectivorous herb.
Habitat: "wet sand, near the coast" (Gray 1867).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). This station consists of plants introduced by a Virginia horticulturist in 1979 (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Round Bay Bog (introduced by Virginia horticulturist (Sipple 1993, p.65)
661. Drosera intermedia Hayne 1800. Shr.440, B&B.526
(Spatulate-leaved Sundew)
Small native insectivorous herb.
Habitat: "In bogs" (Britton 1901). Wet acid sand or peat.
Frequency: "Growing with Drosera rotundifolia and more common than it" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records:
(1) Sawmill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899). Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185).
(2) 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a sedge bog Sept. 1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. (NW of Gibson I., presumably), in a sphagnum bog 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). In shallow water and on a rotten log near the shore of a pond (vague) 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Angel's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 6/10/1992, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
(3) North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981).
(4) South Gray's Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984).
(5) Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). "6/18/1993...No sign of the spatulate-leaved sundew" (Sipple 1999, p.369). Site affected by saltwater intrusion.
(6) Eagle Hill Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog 7/12/1986, 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Eagle Hill Bog 8/11/90, Longbottom 1003 (AACC).
(7) Round Bay Bog: Noted by Sipple,6/26/1982. Apparently introduced by a Virginia horticulturist. (Sipple & Klockner 1984; Sipple 1999,p.380).
(8) Arden Bog (Sipple 1999, p.382).
(9) Main Creek Bog: Broersma-Cole & Sipple, 1998. (Sipple 1999, p.379).
Sightings: Forked Creek watershed (perimeter of Blue Lake). Sullivans Cove cedar swamp (on mossy root hummocks).
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
662. Drosera rotundifolia L. 1753. Shr.440, B&B.526
(Round-leaved Sundew) Small native insectivorous herb.
Habitat: "Peat bogs" (Gray 1867). "In bogs or wet sand" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Common in moist sandy forests in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in moist sandy forests and bogs in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Sawmill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899). Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). 2 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a fresh pond, rare in a sedge bog 9/26/1950, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Angels Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angel's Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
Order Rosales
74. Podostemaceae (River-weed Family)
663. Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. 1803. Shr.440, B&B.526
(Threadfoot, Hornleaf Riverweed) Small native aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Tenaciously attached to loose stones in the bottom of shallow streams" (Gray 1867). "Firmly attached to stones in shallow streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, in rapidly flowing waters of the Patuxent R. 10/13/1949, Elmer G. Worthley (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
75. Crassulaceae (Orpine Family)
664. Sedum acre L. Shr.440, B&B.529
(Mossy Stonecrop)
Low creeping fleshy perennial herb introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "On rocks and along roadsides, escaped from cultivation" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Ruckers Pond 1986, origin unknown; about two square feet extant April 1992, smothered by Lonicera japonica soon thereafter).
665. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge B&B.529
(Trailing Stonecrop)
Low creeping perennial introduced from Europe. Native of China & Japan.
Habitat: "A roadside weed...in garden or lawn" (Fogg 1956).
Records: "Persistent after cultivation at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary in stone flower box near abandoned house, Higman 721 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
76. Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family)
666. Chrysoplenium americanum Schwein. 1832 Shr.441, B&B.538
(Water-mat) Low spreading semi-aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Cold wet places" (Gray 1867). "In wet, shaded places" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain; common elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/1899).
667. Heuchera americana L. 1753. Shr.441, B&B.536
(American Alumroot) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rocky woodlands" (Gray 1867). "In dry or rocky woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry property, ca. 1980). This station is in a rich ravine bottom north of the tenant house.
668. Hydrangea arborescens L. 1753. Shr.441, B&B.114
(Wild Hydrangea) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Rocky banks" (Gray 1867). "On rocky stream or river banks" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). Rich soil; rocky slopes in cool moist ravines.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Brewer Creek upper ravine. Joyce Lane opposite Mylander property. Martins Pond ravine. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's ravine, Lot 706).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
669. Itea virginica L. 1753. Shr.441, B&B.116
(Virginia Willow, Tassel-white, Virginia Sweetspire)
Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Wet places" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). Swamps & floodplains.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wayson's Corner, swamps of the Patuxent R. 6/16/1907, Forrest Shreve (US) (Stieber 1967). Cranberry swamp [Cypress Creek] C.C.Plitt 6/24/1907; see Sipple 1999, p.355. NE of Bowie at the border of a swamp near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1928, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. NW of Gibson Island, at edge of a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). One north-county wooded swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Eagle Hill Bog (dam). Severn Run above Dicus Mill (one small plant June 1987 by Williams).
Herbaria: Shreve's specimen may be part of a series (#1544-1554) he collected 6/16/1907. US (Stieber 1971).
670. Penthorum sedoides L. 1753. Shr.440, B&B.532
(Ditch Stonecrop, Virginia Stonecrop)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In ditches and swamps" (Britton 1901).
Records: Patuxent Wildlife Refuge, in rapidly flowing waters of the Patuxent R. 10/13/1949, Elmer G. Worthley (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on dry bottom of "fresh" cut-off pond just below Sand Point, Higman 1015 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Head of Blackwalnut Creek (Williams, pc 1991). Near bridge on Little Patuxent River at Ft. Meade, NW of Woodwardville (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
671. Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. 1803. Shr.441, B&B.534
[Micranthes virginiensis (Michx.) Small 1903]
(Early Saxifrage) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry or rocky woodlands" (Britton 1901). Moist or dry rocky woodlands.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, in ravine slopes; common in the Midland and Mountain Zones; in dry forests and on boulders" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, one plant on a mossy lowland hummock 4/21/81; extant 4/19/89. Another plant was seen in a nearby moist area 4/11/80, but has disappeared. Also reported from South River watershed. Behind Annapolis High School on Riva Road (Williams, pc 1991). Near Patuxent at transmitter base (Williams, pc 1991).
77. Hamamelidaceae (Witch Hazel Family)
672. Hamamelis virginiana L. 1753. Shr.441, B&B.121
(Witch Hazel) Large native deciduous shrub, nearly arborescent.
Habitat: "Damp woods" (Gray 1867). "In low woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). Low mossy woods, in steep swales and lower slopes with Kalmia latifolia.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (North-facing slopes near Ruckers Pond). Truxtun Park. Mill Creek (McCann property). Martins Pond ravine. South side of Sewell Spring Branch.
673. Liquidambar styraciflua L. 1753. Shr. 441, B&B.123
(Sweetgum) Large native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "Moist to swampy woods" (Stieber 1971). "Chiefly in bottomlands, but often seeding in abandoned fields" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Confined to the Coastal Zone, where it is one of the commonest of the forest trees" (Shreve et al 1910). Essentially absent from the Piedmont-like highlands of the Severn.
Records: Near St. James Church, common tree in a moist woods 6/11/1966, Stieber 252 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant in abandoned fields and all types of hardwood forest - the most common local tree species; Higman 63 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Six county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Upland or wetland control habitats at South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog (Whigham 1981). Round Bay Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Galesville area - standing water 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Severn Run Natural Environment Area (above Dicus Mill Road). Forked Creek (Sackett property). Truxtun Park. Brewer Pond watershed. Gibson Island. Corcoran Woods – trees numerous on heavy soils May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
78. Platanaceae (Plane-tree Family)
674. Platanus occidentalis L. 1753. Shr.441, B&B.124
(American Sycamore, Buttonwood) Large native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "Along streams and in wet woods" (Britton 1901). "Along streams and on flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). Rich silty swales and lowland soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, large tree at edge of a moist woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 253 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; frequent dominant or co-dominant canopy tree on stream floodplains, ditches, etc., Higman 459 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry, Iliff properties). Winchester Pond (Rich Property). Pleasant Plains. Rt. 648 near Joyce Lane, Arnold. Peter Perry's floodplain (Patuxent R. at Stocketts Run). Corcoran Woods – trees on better-drained heavy soils May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
79. Rosaceae (Rose Family)
675. Agrimonia microcarpa Wallr. 1842. B&B.552
(Agrimonia pumila Muhl. 1813) Shr.443
(Small-fruited Agrimony) Small native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: A southern plant; "Pa. & Md. to Fla., Ky. & Tex." (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: "Infrequent along roads at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 32 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
676. Agrimonia parviflora Soland. 1789. Shr.443, B&B.552
(Agrimonia parviflora Ait.)
(Small-flowered Agrimony, Many-flowered Agrimony)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woods and glades" (Gray 1867). "In moist or dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Grassy fields and near estuarine creeks" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in grassy old fields south of main building area; Ivy Neck, solitary near drainage to Cheston Creek, in pasture; Higman 46 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
677. Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. 1842. B&B.552
(Agrimonia striata Bicknell, not Michx.)
(Woodland Agrimony, Roadside Agrimony)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry woods" (Britton 1901). "Rocky woods, alluvium, etc." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Infrequent in Piedmont; rare on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Infrequent along a path near Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 1079 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
680. Agrimonia striata Michx. 1803 (not Bicknell). B&B.550
(Agrimonia brittoniana Bicknell 1896)
(Striate Agrimony, Britton's Agrimony)
Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Along thickets and roadsides" (Britton 1901). Open woods.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Near St. James Church, at the edge of a thicket 8/12/1966, Stieber 276 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
681. Alchemilla microcarpa Boiss. & Reut. B&B.550
(Lady's Mantle) Low annual herb.
Habitat: "Waste places and lawns" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Community College Woods by Dan Saffer (Longbottom, pc 1991).
682. Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fernald B&B.140
[Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medic. of older manuals] Shr.444
(Downy Serviceberry, Shadbush)
Small native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "In dry forests, preferring rocky slopes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Most common in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, medium-sized shrub at edge of a moist woods 6/27/1966, Stieber 284 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent in hardwood forest near head of Scaffold Creek, Higman 594, 844 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland habitat at North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Chartridge 4/19/1982 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Ridges at Martins Pond. Brewer Pond watershed.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
683. Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medicus 1793. B&B.140
(Swamp Serviceberry) Upright native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: Shrub swamps and wet soils.
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905). Shadyside, open woods 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, in alder-like clumps at edge of a wet woods 5/2/1967, Stieber 285 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on Hog Island, Higman 117 (CBC) (Higman 1977). North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Marsh.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Crataegus sp.
Sightings: Small tree noted at Holly Beach Farm (top of small bluff at Moss Pond, near stone pile. Small tree at Randall property at top of bluff, downriver from very large brick house at Winchester on Severn.
684. Crataegus coccinea L. Shr.444
(Crataegus intricata Lange) B&B.148
(Scarlet Haw) Small native tree.
Habitat: "Rocky woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Old fields and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Upper Midland District" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: "Native to the county" (As C. coccinea; Besley 1917).
685. Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch 1853. B&B.156
(Mespilus pruinosa Wendl. 1823)
(Waxy-fruited Hawthorn) Small native tree.
Habitat: Thickets, fence rows, or margins of wooded areas" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Garrett and Allegany Counties" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in mixed hardwood forest near heads of both Cheston and Scaffold Creeks (eastern banks), Higman 656, 1073 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
686. Crataegus punctata Jacq. Shr.444, B&B.150
(Dotted Hawthorn) Small native tree with obovate leaves.
Habitat: "Border of woods and abandoned fields" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: Unknown; occurs in Allegany Co.
Sightings: Tentative identification; may be C. crus-galli: Peter Perry property (large specimen near Patuxent River, above Stocketts Run 5/18/91)
687. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke 1888. Shr.443, B&B.539
(Fragaria indica Andr. 1807)
(Duchesnea fragaroides Smith)
(Indian Strawberry, Mock Strawberry)
Perennial trailing herb naturalized from India.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). Moist fields and lawns.
Records: Manresa, spreading in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 256 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck; moderately abundant in partly shaded open sites, often near streams, Higman 177, 313 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property lot 704).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
688. Fragaria virginiana Duchesne 1766. Shr.443, B&B.539
(Virginia Wild Strawberry) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Rich moist woodlands, fields, etc." (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, sandy soil 5/2/1966, Stieber 254 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, along the RR tracks in gravelly sand 5/5/1966, Stieber 255 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at old entrance gate, Fox Creek culvert near new entrance, and in glade at end of Springhouse Road; all sites are partly shaded & relatively moist; Higman 622 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
689. Geum canadense Jacq. Shr.443, B&B.548
(Geum album Gmel.)
(White Avens) Native perennial herb. Small white petals.
Habitat: "Borders of woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In shaded places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...widely distributed in woods and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, on the riverbank 8/8/1966, Stieber 264 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, along the RR tracks in gravelly clay 10/2/1966, Stieber 265 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant along new entrance road, especially near Fox Creek culvert; infrequent on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek and in elm-locust stand (slave cemetery) northof Fox Creek marsh, Higman 184, 248, 830 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond, road above dam; Lot 705). Truxtun Park.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
690. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim B&B.127
[Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze.] Shr.442
(Ninebark) Native shrub.
Habitat: "Along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "River-banks and in rocky places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Along river banks in sandy clay" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in Western Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Wayson's Corner, bank of the Patuxent 6/26/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
691. Potentilla canadensis L. 1753. Shr.443, B&B.545
(Potentilla sarmentosa Muhl.)
(Potentilla pumila)
Further review of nomenclature may be necessary for some records (P. canadensis vs. P.
simplex).
(Common Cinquefoil, Five-finger)
Low decumbent or prostrate native herb. First flower at first internode.
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Gray 1867). "Dry sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Abandoned fields and wood margins" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "One of our most common weeds on acid, depleted soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: No locale 4/25/1881, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967) [This may have been along Annapolis Road, near Furnace Creek; see Smith's record for Chamaedaphne on that date]. Churchton, dry field near Cape Anne 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. Janes Church, edge of a field 5/21/1966, Stieber 258 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy ground 5/2/1967, Stieber 257 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in mixed hardwood forest near old entrance gate, Higman 664 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits
(Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
692. Potentilla intermedia L. 1767. B&B.543
(Downy Cinquefoil) Upright perennial herb adventive from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides and waste places" (Gray 1867). "Waste ground and roadsides" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay roadside 6/7/1966, Stieber 259 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
693. Potentilla norvegica L. 1753. B&B.543
(Potentilla monspeliensis L. 1753) Shr.443
(Rough Cinquefoil, Barren Strawberry)
Native (or European) upright annual or biennial herb. 3 leaflets.
Habitat: "Fields" (Gray 1867). "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields, pastures and roadsides, usually in dry soil" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being most common in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "A common weed in clearings, pastures, fallow and cultivated fields..." (Fogg 1956).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, solitary on waste ground near buildings, Higman 932, 988 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
694. Potentilla recta L. 1753. B&B.543
(Potentilla sulphurea Lam. 1778)
(Rough-fruited Cinquefoil, Sulfur Cinquefoil)
Erect perennial herb adventive from Europe. 5-7 palmately compound leaflets. Sulfur-yellow flowers.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "Fields and roadsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Frequent on stony or gravelly soils" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, solitary by unshaded roadsides, Higman 720 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
695. Potentilla reptans L. B&B.545
(Creeping Cinquefoil)
Creeping herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Grassland and waste places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Roadsides, lawns, and waste areas"(Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, shaded area of a field near a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 260 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
696. Potentilla rivalis Nutt. B&B.543
(Five-finger)
Annual or biennial herb. "A western species" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Habitat: "Adventive along riverbanks and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
"Moist fields and river banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, grassy roadside embankment 6/5/1966, Stieber 262 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Davidsonville Rd. at Rt. 50, grassy field 6/27/1966, Stieber 261 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
697. Potentilla simplex Michx. 1803. B&B.545
(Potentilla canadensis var. simplex Torr. & Gr. 1840)
Further review of some records may be necessary (P. simplex vs. P. canadensis).
(Old-field Cinquefoil) Native trailing or semi-erect perennial herb.
First flower at second internode.
Habitat: "Meadows or moister soil" (Gray 1867). "Chiefly in dry sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Shaded grassy situations" (Britton & Brown 1913) "Open woods and thickets; also in dry or moist fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, spreading to erect on sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 263 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on Old Muddy Creek Road near old entrance gate, in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 665 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971)
698. Prunus angustifolia Marsh. 1785 B&B.176
(Prunus chicasa Michx. 1803.
(Chickasaw Plum) Spiny shrub or small tree introduced from Texas & Oklahoma and naturalized.
Habitat: "On dry sandy roadsides" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry soils, thickets or borders of woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Occasional" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
699. Prunus avium L. 1755. B&B.178
(Sweet Cherry, Mazzard Cherry)
Large deciduous tree introduced from Eurasia.
Habitat: "In thickets and woodlands" (Britton 1901).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, near a field June 1966, Stieber 279 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along forested shores of tidal creek estuaries, Higman 422, 585 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
700. Prunus cerasus L. B&B.180
(Sour Cherry, Morello Cherry) Small tree introduced from Asia.
Habitat: Cultivated; may escape to fields and borders.
Records: In Virginia pine woodland at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens
1991).
701. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch B&B.178
(Amygdalis persica L. 1753)
(Peach) Small cultivated tree, native of Asia.
Habitat: Escaping to fence rows and roadsides.
Records: Java Farm, solitary at main building area, persistent after cultivation, Higman 598, 867 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
702. Prunus serotina Ehrh. 1788. Shr.444, B&B.180
[Padus virginiana (L.) Mill. 1768]
(Black Cherry, Wild Black Cherry) Large native tree. Fruit purple to black.
Habitat: "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Thickets, abandoned fields and woodland borders.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, infrequent in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 139, 644 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Chartridge 11/24/1983 (Sipple 1933). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
703. Prunus virginiana L. 1753 B&B.180
[Padus nana (Du Roi) Roemer. 1797
(Choke Cherry) Small native tree or shrub. Fruit red to purple.
Habitat: "River banks" (Gray 1867). "Along river banks and in rocky situations" (Britton 1901). "Thickets and borders of woods and in wet places" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Mostly in the mountain counties" (Brown & Brown 1972). Essentially absent from Anne Arundel County.
Records: Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
704. Pyrus arbutifolia L. f. 1781. B&B.132
[Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Elliott 1821] Shr.444
(Mespilus arbutifolia L. 1753)
(Red Chokeberry) Tall native shrub.
Habitat: "Swamps and low woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and wet woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). Sandy pond borders.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 10/25/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Vicinity of Forest Home (Plitt 5/2/1902). Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905). Magothy R. 6/3/1921, Fred V. Coville (US) (Stieber 1967). Herald Harbor, small shrub 8/17 & 8/21/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cape Anne, border of a woods 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a sphagnum bog 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, 1-3 dm. shrub in a moist woods 7/27/1966, Stieber 282 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Bog habitat at Round Bay Bog, upland habitat at North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Angels Bog 9/30/90, Longbottom 1281 (AACC). Cypress Creek Bog 10/13/90, Longbottom 1326 (AACC). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Sacketts Pond. Severn Run Natural Environment Area at Dicus Mill Road. Sullivans Cove Pond. Yantz Creek headwaters swamp 1/4/89. Jackson Grove Road area. Plum-Gumbottom Creek at road crossing 10/15/88. Downs Park 10/12/90. Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
705: Pyrus calleryana Decne. B&B.132
(Callery Pear, "Bradford Pear")
Medium-sized deciduous tree, introduced from China (1908) & much-planted for its bloom; narrow forks typical, easily split. The "Bradford" selection most common. Small fruit carried by birds, apparently.
Sightings: Isolated volunteers at Chase Creek watershed (Lots 703, 705, 706 Pines on Severn 1999; also near Rucker's Pond 1999).
706. Pyrus communis L. 1753. B&B.132
(Pear) Cultivated tree introduced from Europe.
Habitat: Escaping to thickets, fence rows and abandoned fields.
Records: "Persistent after cultivation at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent on steep west slope below old house and above Phalaris arundinacea meadow (old orchard), Higman 1360 (CBC)(Higman 1977).
Sightings: One small "volunteer" plant found in a field at Pines on Severn, ca. 1955.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
707. Pyrus floribunda Lindl. B&B.132
Pyrus floribunda Spach.
[Aronia prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehder]
(Aronia atropurpurea Britton 1901) Shr.444
[Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britton) Robinson]
(Purple Chokeberry) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S-3 Watchlist.
Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/20/1966, Stieber 283 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
708. Pyrus malus L. 1753 B&B.134
(Malus pumila Mill.)
(Malus communis DC)
(Malus malus Britton)
(Common Apple) Cultivated tree introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). Escaping to thickets, abandoned fields and woodland borders.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
709. Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd. 1809 B&B.132
[Aronia nigra (Willd.) Britton] Shr.444
[Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Britton]
[Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.]
(Mespilus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Michx. 1803)
(Black Chokeberry) Native shrub.
Habitat: "In swamps and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps, bogs or dry habitats" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Mountain Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity of Forest Home (Plitt 5/2/1903). Java Farm, solitary at Fox Point and Hog Island, Higman 532 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
710. Rosa canina L. 1753. Shr.444, B&B.170
(Dog Rose)
Prickly shrub introduced from Eurasia, naturalized. Petals pink to white. Flowers larger than R. multiflora, but fewer (ca. 4/end vs. 15-20). Blooms later (late June).
Habitat: "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry banks and open fields" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "One station along the sandy shore of Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary on steep bank above Canninghouse Cove on Rhode River, Higman 368, 1162 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Crownsville People's Resource Center (white-flowered plants in shady thicket 100 ft. beyond day care center play area fence 6/20/1994.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
711. Rosa carolina L. 1753. B&B.172
(Rosa humilis Marsh. 1785) Shr.443
Not to be confused with the swamp rose, R. carolina of older manuals.
(Carolina Rose; Low Pasture Rose)
Native prickly shrub.
Habitat: "In dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry, sandy to rocky, open habitats or thin woods" (Stieber 1971). "Dry fields and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County, Odenton (Joseph H. Painter)" (As R. humilis; Shreve et al 1910, p.443).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in mixed hardwood forest on east shore of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 846 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
712. Rosa eglanteria L. B&B.170
(Rosa rubiginosa L. 1771)
(Eglantine, Sweet-brier)
Prickly shrub naturalizing from Europe. Calyx-lobes mostly persistent.
Habitat: "Roadsides and thickets" (Gray 1867). "Thickets, pastures and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, at the edge of an open woods, small shrub 6/27/1966, Stieber 277 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
713. Rosa rubiginosa var. micrantha (Sm.) Lindl. B&B: unlisted.
(Rosa micrantha J. E. Smith)
(Smaller-flowered Sweetbrier)
Slender shrub introduced from England. Calyx-lobes deciduous.
Habitat: "In thickets, pastures and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 377, 761 (CBC) (As R. micrantha; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
714. Rosa multiflora Thunb. B&B.169
(Multiflora Rose, Japanese Rose)
Asiatic; escaped from cultivation. Large arching prickly shrub.
Habitat: "Fields, thickets and woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: South R. at Rt. 50, climbing in a large stand 6/11/1966, Stieber 278 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent near stream banks and in old fields near streams, Higman 221, 328 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
715. Rosa palustris Marsh B&B.172
(Rosa carolina L. of older manuals) Shr.443
(Swamp Rose) Native shrub.
Habitat: "In swamps and low grounds" (Britton 1901). "In moist swamps and open moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Shrub swamps, along streams and estuaries" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being most common in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: NE of Bowie, 5-7 ft. shrub in a swamp near Lemon's Bridge 7/4/1948, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Deale, at Oak Grove 7/10/1948, R. C. Simpson (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of Magothy R. in a saltmarsh 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Twelve county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed: SPCA Property (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Indian Creek Branch (at Arlington Echo). Mill Creek above Route 50. Shrub swamp near Old Severn River Bridge. Sewell Spring Branch near river. Head of Old Man Creek 6/14/1990 (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
716. Rosa virginiana Mill. 1768. B&B.170
(Rosa lucida Ehrhardt 1789)
(Rosa humilis Marsh. var. lucida Best 1887)
(Virginia Rose, Pasture Rose, Low Rose, Dwarf Wild-rose, Glossy Rose)
Native shrub.
Habitat: "Common in dry soil, or along the borders of swamps" (Gray 1867). "In dry or rocky soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Moist or dry soil, especially pine uplands" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (state declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Herald Harbor, in dry pine uplands 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Woodard property, Jones Station Road, east of borrow pit, ca. 1964 (tentative identification).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
717. Rubus allegheniensis Porter 1896. Shr.442, B&B.166
(Common Blackberry, Highbush Blackberry, Mountain Blackberry)
Upright native shrub. Angled stems; stout prickles; glandular hairs near growing tips.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Roadsides, fields, and thickets, wet or dry, but not in deep shade" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Upper Midland District and Mountain Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, in a moist woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 266 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
718. Rubus argutus Link. 1822 B&B.167
(Tall Blackberry)
Tall upright shrub; stems angled, prickly; leaflets pubescent beneath.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry to moist thickets and woodland borders" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Jug Bay Wetland Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
719. Rubus canadensis L. 1753 Shr.442, B&B.166
[Rubus milspaughii (L.) Britton 1891]
(Smooth Blackberry, Milspaugh's Blackberry)
Upright shrub. Stem angled, few or no prickles; leaflets glabrous beneath.
Habitat: "Rocky hills and copses" (Gray 1867). "In thickets and rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Only in the Mountain Zone" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899).
720. Rubus cuneifolius Pursh 1814. Shr.442, B&B.166
(Sand Blackberry, Knee-high Blackberry)
Upright native shrub. Stems angled, hairy between stout prickles.
Habitat: "In open dry situations, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Valentine River mouth, a beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park, Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
721. Rubus enslenii Trattinick B&B.164
(Southern Dewberry, Enslen's Dewberry)
Native trailing prickly shrub. 1-2 flowers/fruits per branch.
Habitat: "Moist woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Reported from the Coastal Zone" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Wayson's Corner, in a moist woods 5/21/1966, Stieber 267 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
722. Rubus flagellaris Willd. B&B.162
(Common Dewberry, Northern Dewberry)
Trailing prickly shrub. 2-5 flowers/fruits per branch.
Habitat: "Old fields, pastures, thickets and woodland borders, usually on dry or poor soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
723. Rubus hispidus L. 1753. Shr.442, B&B.162
(Swamp Dewberry, Hispid Swamp Blackberry, Bristly Dewberry)
Trailing native shrub; bristly between prickles; leaves thick, glossy.
Habitat: "In moist forests, swamps and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps or low grounds, rarely in dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common.
Records: Sawmill Pond (Plitt 8/5/1899). Magothy R. bank, prostrate plants 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at forest margin at end of Springhouse Road; Ivy Neck, solitary in corn field on Scaffold Peninsula and in nearby forest; Higman 658 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Wetland control area at Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Upper watershed of Lake Waterford 11/3/1989 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run Natural Environment Area. Sewell Spring Branch. Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
724. Rubus laciniatus Willd. B&B.168
(Cut-leaved Blackberry)
Tall erect shrub introduced from Europe. Flowers rose-colored.
Sightings: One plant, bank below service road, opposite District Court, Annapolis State Complex. One plant, Hog Farm Road, near barbed wire fence about 100 yards from Jabez Branch.
725. x Rubus neglectus Peck. 1869 B&B: Not listed.
(Rubus strigosus x occidentalis Aust. 1870)
(Purple Wild Raspberry)
Prickly shrub with white flowers and purple fruit.
Habitat: "In dry or rocky soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Manresa, in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 269 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).
726. Rubus occidentalis L. 1753. Shr.442, B&B.164
(Black Raspberry)
Arching native shrub; stems round, glaucous; prickles strong, hooked.
Habitat: "In moist forests and flood plains." (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to moist woods, fields and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, fences around a cornfield 6/7 & 8/12/1966, Stieber 271 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jct. Rt. 648 & Rt. 2, along a shaded hillside 6/20/1966, Stieber 272 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 270 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; frequent old field species, often forming dense tangles, Higman 648, 702 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
727. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. 1818. B&B: Not listed.
(Thimbleberry, Salmon Berry)
Native branching shrub with simple leaves.
Habitat: "Rocky woods, shores, etc." (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Ontario to n. Minn.; N. D.; apparently not native to Md.
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, edge of the river and a woods, clay soil 6/27/1966, Stieber 273 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971)
728. Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim B&B.164
(Wineberry, Wine Raspberry)
Prickly shrub introduced from Japan. Canes round, red, arching, root at tips.
Habitat: "Moist woods and along roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, 1.5 m. shrub in a moist woods 6/20/1966, Stieber 273 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jct. Rt. 2 & Rt. 648, shaded area 6/20/1966, Stieber 275 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old orchard near north boundary, Higman 781 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property, and Winchester Road at R. R. tracks. Back Creek (SPCA property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
729. Rubus trivialis Michx. 1803. B&B.164
(Southern Dewberry, Low-Bush Blackberry)
Prostrate native prickly shrub with persistent thick leaves.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "Moist woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Vicinity of Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
730. Sanguisorba minor Scop. 1772 B&B.552
[Sanguisorba sanguisorba (L.) Britton 1894] Shr.443
(Poterium sanguisorba L. 1753)
(Garden Burnet, Salad Burnet)
Erect perennial herb adventive from Eurasia.
Habitat: "In dry or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "In waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed along roadsides and in fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Odenton 5/30/1883, Herbert (US) (Stieber 1967).
Odenton 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
731. Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. & Zucc. B&B.127
(Spiraea)
Deciduous shrub introduced from Japan and China.
Habitat: Roadsides.
Records: "Persistent after cultivation at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, infrequent near old houses, persistent after cultivation, Higman 593, 1144 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
80. Mimosaceae (Mimosa Family)
732. Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. 1772 B&B.184
(Mimosa, Silk-tree)
Asiatic (or African) spreading tree escaped from cultivation.
Habitat: "Escaping freely in Southern Maryland fields and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: Common on waste places in 1960's, now much reduced by wilt disease.
Records: E. of Upper Marlboro, "probably escaped", July 1926, E. T. Wherry (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, small tree in open woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 286 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Clearing near Rucker's Pond). Community College Woods (Edge of field) 9/15/90.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
81. Caesalpiniaceae (Senna Family).
733. Cassia fasciculata Michx. 1803. B&B.558
[Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene 1903]
(Cassia chamaechrista L.) Shr.445
(Large-flowered Partridge-pea)
Native annual branching herb. 1" yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Frequency:
Records: No locale, Oct. 1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent in recently abandoned fields and along roads or tractor trails, Higman 16 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
734. Cassia nictitans L. 1753. Shr.445, B&B.558
[Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench 1794]
(Small-flowered Partridge-pea, Wild Sensitive Plant, Sensitive Pea)
Native annual herb. Small (Less than 1/2") yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. of Rt. 424, in sand 9/2/1966, Stieber 289 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
735. Cercis canadensis L. 1753 Shr.445, B&B.186
(Redbud, Judas-tree) Native tree.
Habitat: South-facing exposures; rich loose sandy loams; moist open woods and edges. "Rich soil" (Gray 1867). "In rich soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, where it is found on gravel slopes underlaid by clay; common in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Absent from much of the county, nowhere abundant.
Records: Manresa, 5 m. tree growing in a thicket along RR tracks 5/5/1966, Stieber 287 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along road to pier; Ivy Neck, infrequent in forest of Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 595 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Winchester Pond (Bullard property). Winchester Road (Hammond property). Martins Pond (Jones roadway).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
736. Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch 1869. B&B.185
(Guilandina dioica L. 1753)
(Kentucky Coffeetree)
Large rough-barked tree with twice-pinnate leaves.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: Native from Ontario to Penn., Tenn. and westward; occurs (rarely) in Garrett Co. Anne Arundel specimens are infrequent escapes from cultivation.
Records: In a parking lot at Ivy Neck (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, solitary large tree by parking area, near house, Higman 1047, 1053 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Reproducing freely near large trees at old farmhouse site on Mountain Road, Herald Harbor.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
82. Leguminosae (Legume or Pea Family)
(Fabaceae or Papilonaceae)
737. Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P. Shr.447, B&B.572
(Aeschynomene hispida Willd.)
(Sensitive Joint-vetch) Erect annual herb with odd-pinnnate leaves.
Habitat: "Along rivers" (Gray 1867). "River banks" (Britton 1901). "In the fresh marshes of tidal rivers" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Now very rare.
Heritage Rating: 1988: A2 (Nationally threatened). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 - Highly State Rare. Endangered.
Records: One A. A. Co. station (1919); site searched 1979, plant not found (Broome et al Dec. 1979).
738. Amorpha fruticosa L. 1753. B&B.188
(False Indigo, Indigo-bush)
Tall native shrub with odd-pinnate leaves.
Habitat: "River banks" (Gray 1867). "Along streams" (Britton 1901). Sunny thickets along shores, above tidal influence.
Frequency: "escaping from cultivation in Maryland; uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: "Along the banks of the Rhode River" (Stieber 1971). Ivy Neck, infrequent along landward margin of sandy shore, near Locust Point; also in old yard at Gresham Estate near Mayo (probably persistent after cultivation); Higman 1063,1396 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Marsh at Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Near mayo 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Along shore at Meadow Point, near Rt. 450 bridge (built 1926) over Severn 7/29/1991, with Baccharis & Iva.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
739. Amphicarpa bractea (L.) Fernald B&B.597
[Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze 1891) Shr.448
[Amphicarpa monoica (L.) Ell. 1817]
[Amphicarpa monoica (L.) Nutt.]
(Glycine bracteata L. 1753)
(Hog-peanut)
Native twining perennial vine. Three leaflets. Racemes of purplish flowers.
Habitat: "Rich woodlands" (Gray 1867). "Moist thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Freshwater banks of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along banks of north fork of Muddy Creek; Star Co. tract, infrequent in fresh marsh (O'Neill Marsh); Higman 92, 1044 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Dirt road to Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991). Truxtun Park (Williams, pc 1991). Along stream below Lake Waterford (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
740. Apios americana Medic B&B.593
(Apios tuberosa Moench 1794)
[Apios apios (L.) MacM. 1892] Shr.449
(Glycine apios L. 1753)
(Wild Bean, Ground-nut, American Potato-bean)
native perennial twining vine. 5-7 leaflets. Racemes of brown-purple flowers.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In moist ground" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Moist thickets and stream banks.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley (Plitt 7/19/1899). "In a saltwater marsh at Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, solitary in tidal marsh on upper Muddy Creek, Higman 283 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Odenton, under powerline at Nevamar Corp. (Williams, pc 1991). Cove marsh at Truxtun Park (Williams, pc 1991). Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
741. Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. 1811. Shr.445, B&B.558
(Sophora tinctoria L. 1753
(Yellow wild-indigo) Native perennial branching herb.
Habitat: "Sandy dry soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests and open situations, being most common in sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct Rt. 424, sandy soil 7/21/1966, Stieber 290 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point, under chestnut oak canopy, Higman 431 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Xyric site near Catherine Avenue at Magothy headwaters 7/31/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Area NW of Earleigh Heights Road & bike trail 7/28/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
742. Clitoria mariana L. Shr.448, B&B.595
(Butterfly-pea) Perennial herb, trailing or twining.
Habitat: "Dry banks" (Gray 1867). "Dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve 1901).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Furnace Branch (Plitt 7/19/1899). Hillside adjacent to..."cranberry bog" at Cypress Creek, C.C.Plitt 7/23/1904; see Sipple 1999, p.355.
743. Coronilla varia L. 1753 Shr.446, B&B.572
(Crown vetch, Axseed)
Perennial branching herb. Naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Occasional in waste places, along roads and around old houses where it escapes from cultivation" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Downs Park, Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
744. Crotolaria sagittalis L. 1753 Shr.445, B&B.558
(Rattlebox) Native annual branching herb.
Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry open places" (Britton 1901). "Open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields and sandy soil" (Jaques 1959). Dry open woods, clearings, and waste areas.
Frequency: "infrequent in the Coastal Zone, not observed elsewhere in the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed" (Jaques 1959).
Records: South R. near Rt. 450, in dense tufts in a roadway between the North and Bacon Ridge branches of the estuary 9/14/1966, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Odenton, under powerline at Nevamar Corp. 7/22/1989, Longbottom 298 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC. US (Stieber 1971).
745. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link 1822. Shr.445, B&B.188
(Spartium scoparium L. 1753)
(Scotch Broom) Wiry shrub naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). Banks and roadsides.
Records: "About three miles west of Annapolis...along the highway and railroad, and seems to be spreading" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.191). "Annapolis (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Roadsides, Old Generals Highway. Lindamoor (promontory toward bridge). Along Rt. 100 toward Marley Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
746. Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. 1825. B&B.576
[Meibomia canadensis, (L.) Kuntze 1891]
(Hedysarum canadense L. 1753).
(Canadian Tick Trefoil, Showy-flowered Tick-trefoil)
Native erect, pubescent perennial herb. 2-7 ft. tall.
Habitat: "Dry, rich woods" (Gray 1867). "Thickets and river-banks" (Britton 1901). "In thickets, fields and pastures" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: A weed (Jaques 1959).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Infrequent along roads, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 40 (CBC)(Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1981).
747. Desmodium canescens (L.) DC 1825 B&B.576
[Meibomia canescens (L.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.447
(Hedysarum canescens L. 1753)
(Hoary Tick Trefoil) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist grounds" (Gray 1867). "in rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Moist or dry soil.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, sandy clay along the roadside 8/8/1966, 9/9/1966; also along the RR tracks in gravelly clay (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: By dirt road to Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
748. Desmodium ciliare (Muhl.) DC 1825 B&B.576
[Desmodium obtusum (Muhl.) DC]
[Meibomia obtusa (Muhl.) Vail 1892]
(Hedysarum ciliare Muhl. 1803)
(Hedysarum obtusum Muhl. 1803)
(Hairy Small-leaved Tick-trefoil)
Pubescent erect bushy native herb, 1-3 ft.
Habitat: "Dry hills and sandy fields" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry sandy woods and clearings" (Grimm 1968). "Dry soils, mostly in open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
749. Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC. B&B.578
(Meibomia glabella Kuntze 1891)
(Hedysarum glabellum Michx. 1803
(Trailing Tick Trefoil) Procumbent native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy woods" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Common in Piedmont; infrequent south to Talbot County, rare elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: E. of Upper Marlboro, dry edge of a causeway, E. side of the Patuxent R. 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 39 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
750. Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood B&B.574
[Desmodium grandiflorum (Walt.) DC.]
[Meibomia grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.447
(Desmodium acuminatum DC 1825)
(Hedysarum acuminatum Michx, 1803)
(Hedysarum grandiflorum Walt. 1788)
(Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry or rocky woods" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent." "Rare on Eastern Shore...frequent in Midland in Midland and Mountains." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Java Farm, moderately abundant along old entrance road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 34, 36 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Along roads at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1871
751. Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC 1825 B&B.578
[Meibomia laevigata (Nutt.) Kuntze 1891]
(Hedysarum laevigatum Nutt. 1818)
(Smooth Tick-trefoil) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Pine woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "On the Coastal Plain, infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
752. Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. 1825. B&B.574
[Meibomia nudiflora (L.) Kuntze] Shr.447
(Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil)
Slender native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry but rich deciduous woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Along a trail from Magothy R. swamp to road 8/18/1960, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Truxtun Park. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
753. Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. 1825 B&B.578
[Meibomia paniculata (L.) Kuntze 1891) Shr.447
(Hedysarum paniculatum L. 1753)
(Panicled Tick-trefoil) Slender native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Copses" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Sandy clearings and openings of woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, sandy oak woods 8/17/1927, E. C. & G. H. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy edge of pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 305 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 33 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
754. Desmodium perplexum Schubert B&B.578
[Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntxe 1891] Shr.447
(Desmodium dillenii Darl. 1837)
(Dillen's Tick-trefoil) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Open woodlands" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Also fallow fields, roadsides, thickets.
Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "West River (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910). Java Farm, solitary in large old field east of Spring House Road; Ivy Neck, solitary in fallow field between entrance road and Scaffold Creek drainage; Higman 119, 834 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
755. Desmodium rotundifolium D.C. 1825 B&B.574
(Meibomia michauxii Vail 1896)
(Prostrate Tick-trefoil, Round-leaved Tick-trefoil)
Native perennial herb. Stem trailing. Leaves thin, pubescent, nearly orbicular. Flowers purple.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: " Infrequent in Midland and Coastal Plain. Reported from Allegany, Wicomico and St. Mary's Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Broad Creek Park (Longbottom 1993).
756. Desmodium strictum (Pursh) DC. 1825. B&B.576
[Meibomia stricta(Pursh) Kuntze 1891]
(Hedysarum strictum Pursh 1814)
(Stiff Tick-trefoil) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Pine barrens" (Britton 1901). "In sandy pine barrens" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Near St. James Church, in clay at the edge of a cornfield 9/16/1966, Stieber 306 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
757. Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC. B&B.578
[Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) Beck.]
[Meibomia viridiflora (L.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.447
(Hedysarum viridiflorum L. 1753)
(Velvety Tick-trefoil) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Britton 1901). "Dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910). Now rare.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Highly Rare.
Records: Listed (1990) by Jug bay Wetlands Sanctuary as occurring on property.
758. Galactia regularis (L.) BSP. Shr.449, B&B.600
(Galactia glabella Michx.)
(Milk-pea) Prostrate perennial herbaceous vine.
Habitat: "Sandy woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry sandy soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Frequent on the Eastern Shore; also in the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: North County (Plitt 7/19/1899). "Near Elvaton (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Odenton, in dry woods near Nevamar sandpit 7/22/1989, Longbottom 300 (AACC). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: AACC.
759. Galactia volubilis (L.) Britton 1894. Shr.449, B&B.600
[Galactia mollis (L.) Nutt. 1818, not Michx. 1803]
(Hedysarum volubile L. 1753)
(Downy Milk-pea)
Native twining perennial herbaceous vine.
Habitat: "Dry shady soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain, rare on Piedmont" (Brown & @rown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
County Occurrence: "Reported from Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Odenton (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
760. Gleditsia tricanthos L. 1753 Shr.445, B&B.186
(Honey Locust, Sweet Locust)
Large thorny-trunked tree. Leaves pinnately compound. The unarmed var. inermis is usually seen in cultivation and often escapes.
Habitat: "In woods, fields, and fence rows" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being most frequent in the Upper Midland District" (Shreve et al 1910). "Escaped from cultivation and now well established in Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Smithsonian property (See 1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property (Lot 706) one specimen, apparently var. inermis, ca. 7 ft. tall, from seed; origin unknown.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
761. Lathyrus latifolius L. 1753 B&B.591
(Everlasting Pea, Perennial Pea)
Herbaceous perennial twining vine. Native of southern Europe.
Flowers purple to white, often rose; not fragrant. One pair of leaflets. Stem winged, to 8 ft.
Habitat: "Frequently cultivated, and escaping to roadsides and thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: Escape from cultivation. "Frequent at old homesites and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
762. Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. B&B.582
Perennial herb planted for wildlife and escaping.
Records: "Near Pasadena, Anne Arundel County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Along access road to pumping station at Cypress Creek Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
763. Lespedeza capitata Michx. 1803. Shr.448, B&B.585
(Round-headed Bush-clover, Roundhead Lespedeza)
Large erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry and sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "Dry fields" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Reported from counties between the Fall Line and the Bay; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Deleted.
Records: Manresa, along sandy shore of Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 307 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, in sandy area 10/29/1966, Stieber 308 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm "a few plants on poor dry soil near Duvall Creek" (Williams 1966). Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Fairly abundant in old fields at Patuxent Park off Sands Road (Williams pc 1986). "A few plants at beginning of interpretive trail at Sandy Point with Narrow-leaved Sunflower" (Williams pc 1986).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
764. Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don B&B.585
(Sericea Lespedeza)
Perennial herb planted for erosion control and escaping.
Habitat: "Sandy areas and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Rt 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, branching 1.5 m. tall in sand 9/2/1966, Stieber 309 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 10/29/1966, Stieber 310 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Star Co. tract, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields and clearings, Higman 123, 372 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Marley Creek Swamp, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Truxtun Park 8/15/87.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
765. Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. B&B.585
[Lespedeza hirta (L.) Ell.] Shr.448
(Hairy Bush-clover) Herb.
Habitat: "Dry hillsides" (Gray 1867). "Dry Soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry soils, open or partial shade" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Waste places along Forest Drive, Annapolis (Williams, pc 1991).
766. Lespedeza intermedia (S. Wats.) Britton B&B.585
(Wand lespedeza) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Sandy roadsides" (Stieber 1971). "Dry woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; Piedmont and Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area with dense stands 9/2/1966 Stieber 311 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
767. Lespedeza nuttallii Darl. 1837. Shr.448,B&B.585
(Nuttall's Bush-clover, Nuttall's Lespedeza)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Sandy soil, roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent"
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State rare). 1991: Deleted.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area with other lespedeza 9/2/1966, Stieber 312 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
768. Lespedeza procumbens Michx. Shr.448, B&B.582
(Trailing Bush-clover, Trailing Lespedeza)
Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Sandy or rocky upland woods and clearings.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, in dry oak woods 9/26/1926, G. M. Leonard (US) Stieber 1967). Churchton, in a brushy field at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on bank above Fox Creek drainage, Higman 323 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
769. Lespedeza repens (L.) Bart. 1818. Shr.447, B&B.582
(Hedysarum repens L. 1753)
(Creeping Bush-clover, Creeping Lespedeza)
Native trailing perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry or sandy soil" (Britton 1901). Open woods, thickets, abandoned fields.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most abundant in the light soils of the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. of Rt. 424, prostrate in sand 6/20/1966, Stieber 313 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on south slope of old orchard above Phalaris meadow, Higman 163 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Magothy headwaters between Lake Waterford and Catherine Avenue 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
770. Lespedeza simulata Mackenzie & Bush 1902. B&B: Unlisted.
Possibly a hybrid of L. virginica & L. capitata (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
(Intermediate Lespedeza)
Records: Manresa, dense groups in open sandy area 6/20/1966, Stieber 314 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
771. Lespedeza steuvei Nutt. Shr.447, B&B.585
(Steuve's Bush-clover) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry hills and sand" (Gray 1867). "Dry soil" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Infrequent; coastal" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Listed (1990) by Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary as occurring on property. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
772. Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. B&B.582
(Korean Lespedeza)
Habitat: "In fallow fields and lawns" (Stieber 1971). "Dry open soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, in a fallow field Aug. 1966, Stieber 315 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary by old tobacco barn and on tractor trail down Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1022 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Field near Marley Station Mall (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
773. Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) H. & A. Shr.448, B&B.582
(Japanese Clover)
Annual herb introduced from Asia.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds and along roadsides" (Shreve et al 1910). "Along roads and in dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
774. Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton 1893. Shr.448, B&B.585
(Medicago virginica L. 1753)
(Slender Bush-clover, Slender Lespedeza)
Slender native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry upland woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 10/29/1966 Stieber 316 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
775. Lupinus perennis L. Shr.445, B&B.560
(Wild Lupine)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy soils" (Britton 1901). "Mostly in sandy soil, widely distributed" (Jaques 1959). "Chiefly in dry open woods and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 2001: S2 (State rare) Threatened.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most abundant on the light soils of the Western Shore district of the Coastal Zone' (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). Now extremely scarce in A. A. Co.
Records: Between Glen Burnie and the pond (Plitt 4/22/1899, 5/1/1906, 5/10/1910, 5/21/1918, 5/29/1920: see Sipple 1999, p.338). Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/13/1899). Marley Area (Plitt 5/12/1900, 5/5/1905: see Sipple 1999, p.338). Between Elvaton & Lake Waterford (Plitt 6/6/1905, 4/29/1922: see Sipple 1999, p.338). Between Naval Academy Junction Station & Benfield (Plitt 5/16/1908: see Sipple 1999, p.338). Between Naval Academy Junction Station and Sappington (Plitt 5/15/1909: see Sipple 1999, p.338).
Sightings: Picture Spring Branch; Nevamar sand pit (D. H. Williams, pc ca. 1991). Transmission line r/w at Odenton (Sipple 6/21/1998; see Sipple 1999, p.340).
776. Medicago lupulina L. 1753 Shr.445, B&B.567
(Black Medic)
Low annual or winter annual herb, naturalized from Europe and Asia.
Stems prostrate. Very small yellow flowers. Leaflets 3, serrated.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields, lawns, and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Near St. James Church, rather decumbent form, 6/1/1966, Stieber 301 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in grassy area near main buildings, Higman 701 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
777. Melilotus alba Desv. 1797. Shr.446, B&B.566
(White Sweet-clover, White Melilot)
Tall (3-8 ft.) herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers white, in spiked racemes. Leaflets 3, serrated.
Habitat: "Waste or cultivated grounds" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). φn sandy fields, on roadsides, and open lots" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner at Hills Bridge 6/11/1950, W. A. Gentner (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, near a field, no date, Stieber 299 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant along unshaded roadsides and around buildings, Higman 361 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
778. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. 1778. Shr.446, B&B.566
[Melilotus officinalis (L.) Willd.]
(Trifolium melilotus officinalis L. 1753)
(Yellow Sweet-clover)
Tall annual or biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers yellow, in spiked racemes. Leaflets 3, serrated.
Habitat: waste or cultivated grounds" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). Fields, roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, common along and in RR tracks, gravelly clay 6/1/1966, Stieber 300 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant to infrequent along unshaded roads and around buildings, Higman 511, 700 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
779. Phaseolus polystachyus (L.) BSP. 1888. B&B.595
[Phaseolus perennis (L.) Walt. 1788]
(Dolichos polystachyus L. 1753)
(Wild Bean) Native climbing herbaceous perennial vine. Purple flowers.
Native climbing herbaceous perennial vine. Purple flowers.
Habitat: "Copses" (Gray 1967). "In thickets" (Britton 1901). Dry open woods.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, above old entrance road bridge, Higman 178 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "The valley of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
780. Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi B&B.600
[Pueraria thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.]
(Kudzu-vine)
Native of China. High-climbing perennial vine.
Habitat: Overwhelms shrubs and trees on banks, thickets and woodland borders. Apparently only spreads vegetatively.
Sightings: Rt. 214 near Patuxent R. bridge. Chase Creek watershed; wooded swamp at Berry property, & ravine W. of Old River Road, & deep ravine at Joyce Lane. Herald Harbor (Above Fox Creek shrub swamp). Route 648 at Round Bay Road. Muddy Creek Road. Sonneborn tract at Old County Road near Jones Station Road. Bestgate Road at historic house. Gibson Island 1990.
781. Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) H. & A. 1835 B&B.593
[Rhynchosia tomentosa (L.) Torr. & Gray]
[Dolicholus tomentosus (L.) Vail 1899]
(Glycine tomentosa L. 1753)
(Twining Rhynchosia)
Native trailing and twining perennial herb. Yellow flowers.
Habitat: "In dry sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry, shady places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent, on the Eastern Shore and in the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Listed (1990) by Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary as occurring on property.
782. Robinia pseudoacacia L. 1753 Shr.446, B&B.192
(Black Locust, Yellow Locust)
Large native tree with odd-pinnate leaves.
Habitat: Intolerant; abandoned fields, woodland borders, roadsides, waste places; often an early successional species on poor soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; an introduced tree which is particularly abundant in cut-over forests and in waste grounds, but has spread so abundantly in the forests, particularly of the Midland Zone, as to appear to be native" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, 5 m. tree at the edge of a field 9/16/1966, Stieber 303 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck; infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields and young forest, infrequent to absent in mature forest; co-dominant with American elm in calcareous area at Java Farm overlooking Rhode River (slave cemetery); locally abundant along Muddy Creek Road; Higman 264, 696, 1046 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Quiet Waters Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991`).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
783. Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. B&B.597
[Strophostyles helvola (L.) Britton 1897] Shr.449
[Phaseolus diversifolius (L.) Pers. 1807]
(Trailing Wild Bean)
Native herbaceous annual trailing or low-climbing vine.
Habitat: "Sandy fields and banks" (Gray 1867). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry to moist sandy thickets and shores.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, 10/25/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). South R. at Rt. 450, sandy roadside 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, along RR tracks, in gravelly clay soil 9/9/1966, Stieber 322 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent on sandy beaches of Rhode River, Higman 1014 (CBC) (Higman 1967). Three county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
784. Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton 1907 Shr.449, B&B.597
(Phaseolus helvolus Torr. & Gray 1838, not L. 1753)
(Glycine umbellata Muhl. 1803)
(Pink Wild Bean, Perennial Mealybean)
Native perennial herbaceous vine.
Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry fallow fields.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in fallow field south of entrance road on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1116 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
785. Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP, 1888. Shr.447, B&B.560
[Stylosanthes elatior (L.) Swartz 1789]
(Trifolium biflorum L. 1753)
(Pencil Flower)
Low native perennial herb. Small yellow terminal flowers.
Habitat: "Pine barrens" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1910). "Dry forests, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry or rocky woods and barrens" (Stieber 1971). Open woods, fields, thickets.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy open area 7/21/1966, Stieber 317, (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Near graveyard on Old Annapolis Neck Road near Forest Drive, Annapolis by Williams & Longbottom 6/8/90.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
786. Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. 1807. B&B.569
(Cracca virginiana L. 1753) Shr.446
(Goat's Rue) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "In dry forests, preferring light soils" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry woods and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Throughout; frequent on the Eastern Shore, and on the shaly soils of Allegany County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Between Route 100 & Mountain Road 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Odenton; Nevamar sand pit (Williams & Longbottom, pc 1991).
787. Trifolium agrarium L. 1753 Shr.446, B&B.566
(Yellow Hop Clover)
Erect, branching annual herb naturalized from Europe. Leaflets 3, serrated. Stems smooth. Ht. 6-12".
Habitat: "Sandy fields" Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common weed of field, meadow, lawn, roadside, and waste places" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
788. Trifolium arvense L. 1753. Shr.446, B&B.563
(Rabbit-foot Clover, Old-field Clover)
Erect, branching annual herb naturalized from Europe. Leaflets 3, serrated. Stems smooth. Ht. 6-12".
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "Dry sandy or gravelly situations" (Fogg 1956). "In old fields and along roadsides, chiefly in dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: No locale, 35 cm tall 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, matting and spreading in fields and grassy road embankments 6/11/1966, Stieber 292 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along tractor trail to grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 813 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
789. Trifolium campestre Schreber B&B.566
(Trifolium procumbens L. 1753) Shr.446
(Low Hop Clover)
Herb naturalized from Europe. Yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Sandy fields and roadsides" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent, Md., sandy soil 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, in sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 296 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on south slope of old orchard, above Phalaris meadow, Higman 1119 (CBC) (As T. procumbens; Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (As T. procumbens; Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
790. Trifolium dubium Sibth. 1794 B&B.566
[Trifolium procumbens L., var. minus Koch 1843]
(Low Hop-clover)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe. Yellow flowers.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956). "Infrequent south of the Fall Line" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
791. Trifolium hybridum L. 1753 Shr.446, B&B.563
(Alsike Clover, Alsatian Clover)
Erect, branching perennial herb introduced from Europe. White flowers. Leaflets notched at apex.
Habitat: "In meadows and waste places" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...an escape to fields, waste places, roadsides, lawns, and gardens" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, in fields and grassy roadside 5/21/1966, Stieber 294 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church in a field, grassy 6/11/1966, Stieber 294 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 687, 689, 817 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
792. Trifolium incarnatum L. B&B.562 (As var. elatius)
(Crimson Clover, Italian Clover)
Annual herb introduced from Europe.
Habitat: "In fields, waste places and ballast" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Grown occasionally as a cover crop in Southern Maryland and persisting briefly" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
793. Trifolium pratense L. 1753. Shr.446, B&B.563
(Red Clover, Purple Clover, Meadow Clover)
Biennial or perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaflets bear a pale oval pattern on upper surface. Stems soft-hairy.
Habitat: "Fields and meadows; largely cultivated" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). Roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, along the road and near a field 5/21/1966, Stieber 295 (LCU) (Stieber 967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 545, 695 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Quiet Waters Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
794. Trifolium pratense L. var. sativum
(Mill.) Schreb. B&B: Not listed.
(Cultivated Red Clover)
Records: "Infrequent along roads at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road, Higman 203 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
795. Trifolium repens L. 1753 Shr.446, B&B.563
(White Clover)
Low, creeping perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers white to pink.
Habitat: "Fields and copses" (Gray 1867). "In fields and waste ground" (Britton 1901). Lawns, roadsides, and open places.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, in lawns and grassy fields 5/21/1966, Stieber 298 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy soil 6/20/1966, Stieber 297 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant along old entrance road and Springhouse Road, Higman 673, 705, 706 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU.
796. Vicia angustifolia (L.) Reichard B&B.589
(Vicia angustifolia Roth) Shr.448
(Vicia sativa L., var. angustifolia Ser. 1825
(Narrow-leaved Vetch, Smaller Common Vetch)
Annual vine naturalized from Europe. 1-2 large violet-purple flowers in axils of narrow leaves.
Habitat: "Cultivated fields and waste places" (Gray 1867). Roadsides.
Frequency: Infrequent throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Magothy River 5/31/1876 & 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, along grassy roadside 6/11/1966, Stieber 318 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, near main building area, Higman 1165 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
797. Vicia cracea L. 1753. B&B.589
(Tufted Vetch, Cow Vetch)
Trailing perennial herb. Flowers in dense racemes.
Habitat: "Borders of thickets" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "Fields and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Delaware and Eastern Shore; Assateague Island, Worcester County; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
798. Vicia dasycarpa Tenore B&B.589
(Vetch) Herbaceous vine naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides and waste places.
Frequency: "Rare. Point of Rocks, Frederick County. College Park, Prince George's County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Waysons Corner, at Hill's Bridge on gravelly roadside 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50 6/7/1966, Stieber 319 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
799. Vicia grandiflora Scop. B&B.587
(Large-flowered Vetch) Native of Europe.
Frequency: "Becoming naturalized in Delaware and Maryland; still uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 2 near Patuxent Blvd. 5/1/1990, Longbottom 572 (AACC).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). AACC.
800. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch 1837. B&B: unlisted
[Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray
(Ervum hirsutum L. 1753)
(Hairy Vetch)
Annual vine naturalized from Europe. Flowers in racemes.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "Fields, roadsides and waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Near St. James Church, grassy area with V. angustifolia 5/21/1966, Stieber 320 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
801. Vicia sativa L. 1753. Shr.448, B&B.587
(Common Vetch)
Annual or winter annual vine; adventive from Europe. Flowers 1-2, in upper leaf axils.
Habitat: "Cultivated fields and waste places" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds and roadsides" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along new entrance road, Higman 635 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent along roads at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
802. Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench 1794. B&B.589
(Slender Vetch) Annual vine naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In meadows and waste places" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Becoming established...in the W-B area; uncommon" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, near main building area, Higman 1166 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent at Java Farm near main building" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
803. Vicia villosa Roth B&B.589
(Hairy Vetch)
Annual or biennial herb introduced from Europe. Blue-violet flowers in racemes.
Habitat: "Fields, roadsides and waste areas" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Deale, climbing over weeds in a building area 9/23/1956, Ralph Cluly (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary beside entrance road; Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy field near parking area, Higman 719, 1246 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
SYN. Wisteria sp. B&B.190
Introduced tall-climbing twining woody vine. Escaping vegetatively from cultivation.
Sightings: Forked Creek (Bluff Point property). Severn River Road, Round Bay. Bay Ridge near Blackwalnut Creek 1990.
804. Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC B&B.190
(Japanese Wisteria)
High-twining woody vine, becoming quite thick. Lilac-blue racemes 10-18 in., unscented, open before leaves. Leaflets, pods, and shoots glabrous. Leaflets mostly 13-15, acuminate.
Habitat: Escape from cultivation; old gardens and adjacent thickets.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property (Lot 707) 6/5/1993, spreading randomly.
805. Wisteria macrostachya Nutt. 1838 B&B.190
(Wisteria frutescens var. macrostachys (T. & G.) 1838)
[Kraunhia macrostachys (T. & G.) Small 1898]
Lilac racemes 8-12 in., scented, open sequentially after leaves. Leaflets, pods, and shoots pubescent when young. Leaflets 9, acuminate. Native to mississippi valley swamps.
Habitat: Escape from cultivation; old gardens and adjacent thickets.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property (Lot 756) 6/5/1993, blooming about over; spreading freely; climbing in pignuts, etc.
83. Linaceae (Flax Family).
806. Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. Shr.450. B&B.604 (As var. texana)
[Cathartolinum medium (Planch.) Small 1907]
(Linum virginianum L., var. medium Planch 1848)
(Stiff Yellow Flax)
Native erect perennial herb. Flowers yellow, leaves mostly alternate.
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In poor, unshaded soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most common in the Coastal Zone, and apparently absent from the Upper Midland District and the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: CBC area; Stevens Farm, solitary in recently abandoned cornfield near east end (Camp Letts end) of cleared area, and within permanent 20 x 20 meter plot, Higman 1403 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
807. Linum striatum Walt. 1788. B&B.604
[Cathartolinum striatum (Walt.) Small 1907]
(Ridged Yellow Flax)
Native perennial herb. Flowers yellow, leaves mostly oposite. Stem ridged or angled.
Habitat: "Wet or boggy grounds" (Gray 1867). "In damp to wet woods, swamps and bogs" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Frequent on the Eastern Shore, infrequent in the Lower Midland and W-B areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy River bank, shaded 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
84. Oxalidaceae (Wood-sorrel Family).
808. Oxalis corniculata L. B&B.605
[Oxalis repens (Thunb.) Miq.]
[Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small]
(Creeping Wood-sorrel) Herb introduced from the tropics.
Habitat: "Common in waste places, fields, and greenhouses (also gardens) but not established in natural areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
809. Oxalis europea Jord. B&B.605
(European Yellow Oxalis)
Native of North America. Variable herb, annual or perennial.
Habitat: "A weed in gardens, especially in shaded situations" (Fogg 1956). Moist woods and fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Fairly common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, roadside 9/9/1966, Stieber 323 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 324 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, in a field 9/16/1966, Stieber 325 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
810. Oxalis filipes Small 1897. B&B.605
(Xanthoxalis filipes Small 1903)
(Slender Yellow Wood Sorrel) Native herb.
Habitat: "In woods" (Britton 1901). Sandy soils. "Infrequent in old fields and open woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm and Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, inf. in open forest, Higman 171, 390 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
811. Oxalis florida Salisb. B&B.605
(Wood Sorrel) Herb.
Habitat: "Dry soil of woods or fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in a ravine above tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 718 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Side of a ravine running into Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
812. Oxalis grandis Small 1894 B&B.605
(Xanthoxalis grandis Small 1903)
(Oxalis recurva Trel 1888)
(Great Yellow Wood-sorrel, Big Yellow Wood-sorrel)
Herb, 1-3 ft., yellow flowers. Leaflets 1-2 in. wide, with purplish margins.
Habitat: "On river banks" (Britton & Brown 1913). φn woods and on shady slopes" (Grimm 1968). "Usually in rich woods" (Gl;eason & Cronquist 1991).
Frequency: "Infrequent; reported from the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
813. Oxalis stricta L. 1753. Shr.449, B&B.605
[Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small 1903]
(Common upright Yellow Oxalis, Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel, Erect Oxalis)
Native perennial herb. Yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Copses and cultivated grounds (Gray 1867). Woods and fields" (Britton 1901). Dry open woods and fields. Common lawn and garden weed.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 326 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, decumbent in a field 8/12/1966, Stieber 327 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 760 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). "W" Section, Fort Meade [Longbottom 1993 (as O. arctica)].
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
814. Oxalis violacea L. 1753 B&B.605
[Ionoxalis violacea (L.) Small 1903]
(Violet Wood Sorrel)
Perennial stemless herb. Flowers rose-purple.
Habitat: "Rocky places" (Gray 1867). "Usually in woods, or partial shade" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent in Allegany County and the Midland; infrequent in the Coastal Zone south to Talbot County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: CBC area; Star Co. tract, infrequent near end of north fork of main logging road; Java Farm, infrequent on west bank of North Fork of Muddy Creek, Higman 1265 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
85. Geraniaceae (Geranium Family)
815. Eroidium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. 1789. B&B.613
(Geranium cicutarium L. 1753)
(Storksbill, Alfilaria, Heron's Bill)
Low, pink-flowered annual or biennial herb adventive from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste places and in cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984). Turf, roadsides.
Frequency: "A weed...widely distributed, mostly on dry soil" (Jaques 1959). "Frequent, especially on the Eastern Shore; also Allergany County and Midland areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Infrequent between Taylor Avenue and DNR parking lot 5/4/1988. South side of Courts of Appeal Building 1992.
816. Geranium bicknellii Britton 1897. B&B: Not listed.
Bicknell's Cranesbill) Native annual herb.
A northern plant, s. to Pa. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Habitat: "Open woods and fields" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Near St. James Church, in an open field 5/21/1966, Stieber 328 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
817. Geranium carolinianum L. 1753. B&B.610
(Carolina Cranesbill, Wild Geranium)
Native annual or biennial herb. Stems much-branched, hairy. Flowers pale pink.
Habitat: "Barren soil and waste places" (Gray 1867). "In barren soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry, barren or sandy places" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984). Common weed of lawns, gardens.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...widely distributed on poor dry soil" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 329 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 6/7/1966, Stieber 330 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in grassy triangle at old entrance gate; Stevens Farm, infrequent in recent old fields; Higman 642 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
818. Geranium maculatum L. 1753. B&B.608
(Wild Geranium) Native perennial herb. Flowers rose-purple.
Habitat: "Open woods and fields" (Gray 1867). "Woodlands" (Fogg 1956). "Woods or clearings" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 625 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliff's Ravine) May 2000.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
819. Geranium molle L. B&B.610
(Dove's-foot Cranesbill)
European annual or biennial herb. Flowers dark purple.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed of fields and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "In W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
86. Simarubaceae (Ailanthus Family)
820. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle B&B.195
(Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.) Shr.450
(Tree-of-Heaven)
Large tree introduced from Asia, and naturalized. Often spreads by root-sprouts.
Habitat: Roadsides, cut-over woods, waste places.
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in "poison ivy field" near east end, Higman 1238 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). College Creek Woods. Kinder Park 5/14/1988.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
87. Polygalaceae (Milkwort Family)
821. Polygala incarnata L. 1753. Shr.450, B&B.615
(Pink Milkwort) Erect native annual herb.
Habitat: "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry soil, upland woods and barrens" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: C (State declining).
Records: Near Annapolis 1867, anonymous (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Round Bay (Plitt 7/29/1899). Herald Harbor, in dry pine lands 8/19/1927, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
822. Polygala lutea L. 1753. Shr.450, B&B.614
(Yellow Milkwort, Orange Milkwort) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Sandy swamps" (Gray 1867). "In moist sandy situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Coastal Plain bogs and wet pinelands" ((Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Odenton 7/29/1917, W. L. McAtee (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Near Blackhole Creek Bog (Williams, pc 2/4/1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
823. Polygala verticillata L. 1753. Shr.450, B&B.615
(Whorled Milkwort) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Gray 1867). "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry or moist soil, mostly in fields" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Deale, at Mimosa Cove in a dry sandy field 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
88. Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family)
824. Acalypha graciliens A. Gray 1848. Shr.451, B&B.620
(Acalypha virginica var. graciliens)
(Acalypha virginica var. gracilescens J. Mull.)
(Slender Three-seeded Mercury) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Sandy dry soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In forests and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Moist to dry sandy soils; fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South River at Rt. 450, wet sandy road embankment 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
825. Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. B&B.620
(Three-seeded Mercury) Common herbaceous weed.
Habitat: "Moist to dry woods, fields, roadsides" (Stieber 1971). Also gardens.
Records: Manresa, moist woods along a path 9/9/1966 Stieber 333 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, at the edge of a cornfield in sandy clay 9/16/1966, Stieber 332 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1979).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property 1987; Lot 705).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
826. Acalypha virginica L. 1753. Shr.451, B&B.620
(Virginia Three-seeded Mercury) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In dry or moist soils, fields, or open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Manresa, moist woods along a path 9/9/1966, Stieber 334 (LCU (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along a trail to Colhoun's hog pond, above Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 1065 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
827. Croton glandulosa L. var. septentrionalis Muell-Arg. B&B.622 (As C. glandulosus)
(Croton, Dove-weed) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Open waste places and sandy barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy soil 8/6/1966, Stieber 331 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
828. Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett 1911 B&B.629
[Tithymalopsis arundelana (Bartlett) Small]
Perhaps a hybrid or variant of E. marilandica (Brown & Brown 1984).
(Anne Arundel Spurge) Perennial herb.
County Occurrence: "In sandy places, Anne Arundel County, Maryland" (Britton & Brown 1913).
829. Euphorbia corollata L. 1753. Shr.451, B&B.629
[Tithymalopsis corollata (L.) Kl. & Garcke 1859]
(Flowering Spurge)
Native perennial herb. Ht. 1-3 ft.
Habitat: "Rich or sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In dry soil, roadsides and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Open woods and dry fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones...being most common in the light soils of the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Records: Severn, Md. 6/17/1916, J. B. S. Norton (US) (Stieber 1967). West of Friendship, Md., along RR tracks 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424 7/21/1966, Stieber 335 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, along the roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 336 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/1/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
830. Euphorbia cyparissias L. 1753. B&B.627
[Tithymalopsis cyparissias (L.) Hill 1768]
(Cypress Spurge) Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Escaped from gardens to roadsides and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Not common" (Brown & Brown 1984). A lawn and garden weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
831. Euphorbia heterophylla L. 1753. B&B: unlisted.
[Poinsettia cyathophora (Murr.) Small]
[Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Kl. & Garcke 1859]
(Wild Poinsettia, Painted Leaf) Native erect annual or biennial herb.
Habitat: "Slopes and rocky soil" (Gray 1867). "Roadsides and waste places" (Jones 1963).
Frequency: Range Va. to Fla. There is no evidence that E. heterophylla is indigenous to Md.;the Chase Creek station was likely an accidental introduction, now extirpated.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: weedy clearing on gravelly fill near Ruckers Pond. 9/7/1986: several dozen plants. 7/18/1987: ca. 10 plants. 8/8/1987: 35 plants. 8/1988: severe drought; plants small, scarce, probably no seed. 1989: none seen.
Herbaria: AACC (By Williams).
832. Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. 1753. Shr.452, B&B.629
[Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae (L.) Small 1903]
(Wild Ipecac, Ipecac Spurge) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry forests and open situations, being most abundant on sandy soils" (Shreve et al 1910). "Sandy fields and roadsides" Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). Waysons Corner, sandy field 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, on sandy roadside 9/23/1966, Stieber 337 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
833. Euphorbia maculata L. 1753. Shr.451, B&B.629
[Chamaesyce maculata (.L.) Small 1903]
(Upright Spotted Spurge, Large Spotted Spurge, Nodding Spurge, Blotched Spurge)
Native branched annual herb. Usually upright, to 18-24".
Habitat: "Open places, roadsides" (Gray 1867). "Dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Lawns, gardens, waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A garden weed (Fogg 1956).
Records: Manresa, matting in the lawn 9/9/1966, Stieber 338 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in broken pavement at main building area and along roads; also beside Contees Wharf Road; Higman 14, 120 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Rucker's Pond 8/16/1987).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
834. Euphorbia marilandica Greene 1898. Shr.451, B&B.629
[Tithymalopsis marilandica (Greene) Small
(Maryland Spurge) Native perennial herb.
County Occurrence: "On sand hills, Anne Arundel County, Maryland (Greene)" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Patuxent, Md. 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). "Odenton (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Severn, Md. 6/17/1916, J. B. S. Norton (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., along a sandy roadside 7/9/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). One A. A. Co. station (1956) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979. Near St. James Church, sandy field 8/12/1966, Stieber 339 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
835. Euphorbia polygonifolia L. 1753 Shr.451, B&B.629
[Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small 1903]
(Seaside Spurge, Knotweed Spurge)
Prostrate-spreading glabrous herb. Leaves small, opposite, oblong-linear, entire.
Habitat: "In sand along the Atlantic Coast" (Britton 1901). "On the strand and dunes of the ocean front and at several localities on Chesapeake Bay' (Shreve et al 1910). "Beaches and sand dunes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beverly-Triton Beach (Longbottom 1993).
836. Euphorbia preslii Guss. 1827. B&B: not recognized.
[Chamaesyce preslii (Guss.) Arthur 1912]
Brown & Brown (1984), and Fogg (1956) consider E. preslii synonymous with E. maculata.
(Upright Spotted Spurge, Large Spotted Spurge)
Erect native annual herb.
Habitat: "In fields and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). Dry to moist soil.
Records: Manresa, along the RR tracks and in the yard 9/9/1966 & 10/2/1966, Stieber 340 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
837. Euphorbia supina Raf. B&B.629
(Spotted Spurge, Milk Purslane, Creeping Spurge, Matweed)
A much-branched, radiating, prostrate annual herb.
Habitat: "In dry or sandy soils" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Common weed in lawns and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on Fox Point Road, Higman 28 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One station along Fox Point Road, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Crevices in brick walks, dry planters, and graveled areas, Annapolis State Complex 9/23/1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
89. Callitrichaceae (Water Starwort Family)
838. Callitriche deflexa A. Br. B&B.632
(Callitriche deflexa var. austini Hegelm. 1867)
(Callitriche austini Engelm.) Shr.452
(Austin's Water-starwort) Small annual herb. Not aquatic.
Habitat: "On damp soil in open woods, fields and roads" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Records: Swamp at Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/26/1920).
739. Callitriche heterophylla Pursh 1814 Shr.452, B&B.634
(Larger Water Starwort, Water Chickweed)
Native aquatic perennial herb.
Habitat: "Stagnant water" (Gray 1867). "In ponds and slow moving streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent 6/6/1905, H. D. House (US) (Stieber 1967). Swamp at Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/26/1920). Odenton, floating in Severn Run at Rt. 170 6/11/1966, Stieber 342 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond 5/2/1967, Stieber 341 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). CBC area: Star Co. tract, infrequent in flowing channel off Muddy Creek, between Muddy Creek Road and O'Neill Marsh; Ivy Neck, infrequent along Cheston Creek drainage and around hog pond above it; Higman 1158, 1160 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Cattail Creek (pond above Rt. 2). East end of Hacketts Point Pond. Whitehall Creek: outlet of Gov. Sharpe's millpond (by Williams, 12/1988). Rucker's Pond 7/23/2000.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
Order Sapindales
90. Limnanthaceae (False Mermaid Family)
840. Floerkia proserpinacoides Willd. 1801 Shr.452, B&B.634
(False Mermaid) Slender annual herb. White flowers.
Habitat: "In marshes and along rivers" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In flood plain forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp, rich woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland; rare" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Fort Meade: near Forge Bridge on Little Patuxent River, April 1992 (Longbottom pc 4/24/1992).
91. Anacardiaceae (Sumac or Cashew Family)
841. Rhus copallina L. 1753. Shr.452, B&B.198
[Rhus copallinum (See Gleason & Cronquist 1963)]
(Winged Sumac, Dwarf Sumac)
Native shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Roadsides, woodland borders, and open thickets.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, 2-5 m. tree in sandy soil in a thicket 8/6/1966, Stieber 343 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of a thicket 9/23/1966, Stieber 344 (LCU) (Stiber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, above old entrance road; Ivy Neck, infrequent on west shore of Scaffold Peninsula and in a ditch between cornfields, Higman 179, 851 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county strand stations mapped by Sipple 1978. College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
842. Rhus copallina forma dissecta B&B: unlisted.
(Nomenclature suggested by Rucker; see Maryland Scenic Rivers: The Severn.)
(Cutleaf Winged Sumac) Apparently unique; form not listed in known manuals.
Description: Small native decumbent shrub. Height to 4 dm. Leaflets cut to midrib, subleaflets often falcate. Growth habit and leaves distinct from typical winged sumacs growing among them. Similar leaf forms have been described for R. typhina and R. glabra, but not for R. copallina.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (On sand bank near Ruckers Pond, ca. 1975.) Ca. 30 plants, spreading vegetatively. Two plants flowered, no seed. Seen by Worthley, Klockner, and Williams. Stations apparently unique. In decline by 1990; but one small plant seen. None found 9/15/1990.
843. Rhus glabra L. 1753. Shr.452, B&B.196
(Smooth Sumac) Native shrub or small tree. Smooth twigs.
Habitat: "In dry thickets and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Relatively infrequent locally.
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Near St. James Church in a thicket in sandy clay soil 6/11/1966, Stieber 345 (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along top of bluff above Canninghouse Cove on Rhode River, Higman 1011 (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 731, Rucker property 1956; now absent). Lake Waterford near Dash Mill; site destroyed for dam project. Sunny swale at Cypress Branch (on Severn). Crownsville People's Resource Center 6/20/1994.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
844. Rhus radicans L. 1753. Shr.452, B&B.198
[Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze 1891]
(Poison Ivy) Native high-climbing poisonous woody deciduous vine.
Habitat: "Thickets and along fences...often ascending high trees" (Britton & Brown 1913). Wet woods, roadsides, floodplains, marshes, and strands.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Eleven county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Forested wetlands near Galesville 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Cove of Cork sandbar.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
845. Rhus radicans var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC forma negundo (Greene) Fern.
This is the more strongly toothed or lobed variety, as opposed to the nearly entire leaflets of
var. radicans (See Gleason & Cronquist 1963). Variety not listed by Brown & Brown 1972.
(Poison Ivy) Native woody vine.
Frequency: "Near northern end of known range" (Higman 1977).
Records: Java Farm, twining on a tree north of Fox Creek marsh, Higman 768 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Twining on a tree near Fox Creek" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
846. Rhus radicans var. vulgaris forma melanotrichocarpa (A. H. Moore) Fern.
Frequency: "Near southern limit of known range" (Higman 1977).
Records: Java Farm, abundant in old field near Fox Creek drainage, Higman 375 (CBC) Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
847. Rhus toxicodendron L. 1753. B&B.200
[Toxicodendron toxicodendron (L.) Britton]
(Rhus quercifolia Steud. 1821)
(Poison Oak) Low native branching shrub.
Habitat: "Dry woodlands" (Britton & Brown 1913). Dry sandy or gravelly soils.
Records: Near Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Occurring but once or infrequently in the deciduous swamp at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980). Wetland control habitat at Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). The Cypress Creek station seems quite different from the usually specified habitat.
848. Rhus typhina L. 1760. B&B.198
[Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw. 1892] Shr.452
(Rhus typhina Torner)
(Staghorn Sumac) Small native tree.
Habitat: "In dry or rocky soil" Britton & Brown 1913). Thickets, roadsides, and old fields.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Annapolis, at the edge of a saltmarsh 10/16/1911, H. H. Bartlett (US) (Stieber 1967). South of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, along RR tracks in sandy clay 6/20/1966, Stieber 347 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, small shrub on draining sandy clay 6/27/1966, Stieber 346 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along burned house on Spring House Road, and along Rhode River shore near pier; Ivy Neck, infrequent in forest of Cheston Point and central Scaffold Peninsula; Stevens Farm, moderately abundant in young sassafras clumps, infrequent in recent old fields, Higman 222, 360 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park Ridge Park (Longbottm 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property 2002).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
849. Rhus vernix L. 1753. Shr.452, B&B.198
[Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze 1891]
(Poison Sumac)
Small native poisonous tree.
Habitat: "In bogs and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "In Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Margin of pond at Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Wetland control habitat at Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp, Round bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Severn Run 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Magothy River headwaters 7/12 1986 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property) national co-champion, May 2000. Chase Creek: Berry's swamp; large old trees in late 1940's, probably extirpated by systematic cutting and kudzu. Cypress Creek (above Route 2). Cypress Branch. Fox Creek swamp (Old Place Creek, on Severn). Severn Run (above Lokus Road). Harness Creek Road (near entrance to electric substation).
92. Aquifoliaceae or Ilicaceae (Holly Family)
850. Ilex crenata Thunb. B&B: unlisted.
(Japanese Holly) Thickly branched evergreen shrub.
Frequency: Birds may distribute seeds from ornamental plantings. Infrequent.
Sightings: Under Virginia pines on overgrown sandy field at south side of Marley Creek Branch 1990. Immediately below dam at Rucker’s Pond, one plant, origin unknown.
851. Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray 1856. Shr.453, B&B.204
(Prinos glaber L. 1753)
(Inkberry)
Native evergreen shrub. Might be confused with I. crenata, which can escape from ornamental plantings, and is seldom expected.
Habitat: Low sandy or peaty soil.
Records:
(1) [Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp] C.C.Plitt 6/25/1904; see Sipple 1999, p.355. Cypress Creek in the north fork of the north arm 10/24/1951, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Round Bay at Cypress Creek 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek, in a bog, shrub 0.5 m. high 8/12/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna (in cedar swamp and deciduous swamp; Sipple & Klockner 1980).
(2) NW of Gibson I., in a damp woods 11/12/1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Marsh (one small station near road, NW side, base of steep hill).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
852. Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray 1856. Shr.453, B&B.204
(Prinos laevigatus Pursh 1814)
(Smooth Winterberry)
Native deciduous shrub. Female plants easily distinguished from I. verticillata. Plant at Round Bay Bog 9/15/1990 had orange-red berries borne singly, berries much larger than I. verticillata or I. opaca.
Habitat: Margins of sphagnum bogs, swamps.
Records: 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a sphagnum bog 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, 1 m. shrub 6/14/1966 & 9/23/1966, Stieber 348 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Deciduous swamp at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980). Wetland control or upland habitat at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Angels Bog (Whigham 1983). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
853. Ilex opaca Aiton 1789. Shr.453, B&B.202
(American Holly)
Native tree. Leaves evergreen, spiny-toothed.
Habitat: Best growth in moist sandy woods near tidewater. Of poor form on cold soils of Severn highlands.
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone in upland forests, rare as a shrub in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 5/18/1878, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1867). Shore at Furnace Branch (Plitt 5/30/1899). Herald Harbor 5-7 m. high in a shaded ravine 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 5-7 m. tree in a moist woods 6/1/1966 (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant along estuary shores, under chestnut oak canopy; infrequent to solitary in mature mixed hardwood forest or old fields; Higman 288, 522 (Higman 1977). One county wooded-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. Deciduous swamp at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980). Wetland control or upland habitat at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Round Bay Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Peninsulas over Severn Run above Dicus Mill 3/6/1983 (Sipple 1993). College Creek Woods (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Between stream and Old Mill Road below Lake Waterford. Forked Creek (Sackett property). Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Sullivans Cove Marsh (margins). Boyd Pond, deciduous swamp at SW corner (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
854. Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray Shr.453, B&B.204
(Winterberry, Whorled Winterberry, Black Alder)
Tall native shrub or (rarely) a small tree. Female plants are readily distinguished from I. laevigata by the smaller berries, which are more red, and predominately in groups of three, producing the "whorled" effect. The ciliate sepals may only be seen with a lens.
Habitat: "In swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being common in the Coastal Zone in stream swamps, and frequent in sandy upland swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Furnace Branch shore (Plitt 5/30/1899). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Truxtun Park (By Williams, 1987). Chase Creek watershed: Berry property ca. 1949; Rucker property 12/22/1988, May 2000 (state champion). Whitehall Creek: Gov. Sharpe’s Millpond (by Williams 12/1988). Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom, pc 1991). Boyd Pond, deciduous swamp at SW corner (Longbottom, pc 1991).
93. Celastraceae (Staff-tree Family)
855. Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. B&B: unlisted.
(Oriental Bittersweet) high-climbing introduced twining deciduous woody vine.
Frequency: Common in many areas. This plant is a serious threat to all wooded areas, and is rapidly being dispersed by birds. It may be expected to spread throughout the county.
Records: Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek (woodland border near Ruckers Pond). Mill Creek (near old bridge ruins above Route 50). Corcoran Tract at Sandy Point. Boyd Pond, deciduous swamp at SW corner (Longbottom pc 1991). Corcoran Tract – perhaps fifteen acres of trees toward Bay Head Road overwhelmed by Celastrus (May 2002).
856. Celastrus scandens L. 1753. Shr.453, B&B.206
(Bittersweet)
Native twining, high-climbing deciduous woody vine. Most local plants are the Asiatic species, which is escaping from cultivation, and is more pervasive than C. scandens.
Habitat: Rich soils. "In moist forests and thickets" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, 5/18/1878, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1867). "Brooklyn (427)" (Shreve et al 1910). Manresa, vine twining at the edge of a thicket overlooking the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 350 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, solitary on top of banks above Rhode River; also on old field fence at Java Farm; Higman 219, 496 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Berried cuttings were often sold by black children along Ritchie Highway near Jones Station in the 1950’s. These cuttings were probably the native bittersweet, assuming the Oriental was not yet present.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
857. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. B&B.206
(Winged Euonymus, Burning Bush)
Large deciduous shrub. Introduced from Asia, escaping from cultivation.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker's ravine).
858. Euonymus americanus L. 1753. Shr.453, B&B.206
(Strawberry Bush, American Euonymus, Strawberry Euonymus)
Native deciduous green-stemmed shrub.
Habitat: "Wooded river-banks" (Gray 1867). "In low woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Moist forests and floodplains" (Shreve et al 1910). Rich soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, 5/29/1878, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in "western triangle" under mixed hardwood canopy, Higman 409 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (Mylander property). Chase Creek watershed (up to 8 ft. high in Ruckers ravine).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
859. Euonymus fortunei var. radicans B&B: Not listed
(Euonymus radicans Sieb. & Miq.)
(Euonymus japonicus var. radicans Sieb.)
(Euonymus repens Hort.)
(Wintercreeper) Woody evergreen trailing or climbing vine. Escape from cultivation. Thick groundcover, ascends large trees, the stems becoming several inches thick.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Abundant, Ruckers ravine and poplar woods, 1999. Also Winchester Road ravine below Hammond.)
94. Staphyleaceae (Bladdernut Family)
860. Staphylea trifolia L. Shr.453, B&B.208
(American Bladdernut) Native shrub.
Habitat: "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). Rich moist soil.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Absent from the Coastal Plain" (Shreve et al 1910; pp. 73-75). Essentially unknown in Anne Arundel County.
Sightings: Patuxent River by Upland Natural Areas Study (personal notation by Wayne Klockner ca. 1979).
95. Aceraceae (Maple Family)
861. Acer negundo L. 1753. Shr. 454, B&B.216
[Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.]
(Boxelder) Native tree. Leaves pinnate, twigs bright green.
Habitat: "Along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917). Usually seen as an escape from cultivation on moist roadsides and low waste places.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, along streams in Anne Arundel and Prince George's Counties; frequent in the Midland in flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, 10 m. tree at the edge of a moist woods 6/11/1966, Stieber 352 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in old fields and at forest margins, Higman 427, 577, 620 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: RR r/w at Arnold Road. College Creek watershed (ravine near District Court wing of Tawes Bldg.). Dash Mill at Lake Waterford 2/13/1988 (Site later destroyed by County).
862. Acer palmatum B&B: Not listed
(Japanese Maple)
Small tree introduced from Japan. Escapes but rarely, where conditions are favorable. Wet woods; cool rich ravines and shady slopes.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property (seedlings and small trees very numerous in several acres of poplar woods, 1997, 5/17/2001).
863. Acer platanoides L. B&B.212
(Norway Maple)
Large European tree; frequently escaping from cultivation.
Records: Java Farm, solitary on old road along north boundary, near old entrance gate, Higman 1078 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station near road at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, in cool ravine).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
864. Acer rubrum L. 1753. Shr.454, B&B.214
(Red Maple, Swamp Maple) Large native tree.
Habitat: Swamps, floodplains, and moist upland soils. Of reduced stature on drier sites.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; most common in the Coastal Zone, where it is one of the characteristic trees of stream swamps and upland swamps, and frequent in upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). Waysons Corner, roadside thicket March 1966, Stieber 354 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 353 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent to moderately abundant in most kinds of hardwood forest, especially on moist sites; often co-dominant with sweetgum in old fields; Higman 417, 556 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Six county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Wetland control or upland habitat at South Grays Bog, North Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Angels Bog, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek Watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry, Iliff, Rucker properties). Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch. Mill Creek above Rt. 50. Little Round Bay (along River Road). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/1988. Lake Waterford 8/13/1988.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
865. Acer saccharinum L. 1753. Shr.454, B&B.216
(Silver Maple) Large native tree.
Habitat: Floodplains and along streams. Occurs as an escape from cultivation, especially on rich moist soils.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; common in the Midland Zone; absent from the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent large trees along Cheston Creek drainage, bordering pasture, Higman 1071 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (by Ruckers Pond, origin unknown, later destroyed by beavers).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Acer saccharum Marsh. 1785 Shr.454, B&B.212
(Sugar maple) Large native tree.
Habitat: "Rich woods, especially along the mountains" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent in the Lower Midland District" (Shreve et al 1910). "Northern and western counties of state" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, Rucker's Ravine near Diplazium, 40' tree, May 2002, probably seeded from old tree on Severnway (which is of unknown origin).
96. Balsaminaceae
(Jewelweed Family, Touch-me-not Family)
866. Impatiens capensis Willd. B&B.634
(Impatiens capensis Meerb.)
(Impatiens biflora Walt. 1788) Shr.454
(Spotted Jewelweed, Spotted Touch-me-not)
Upright succulent native annual herb. Flowers orange with recurved spur.
Habitat: "In moist forests, swamps, fresh marshes and other open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist woods, swamps, and in springy places" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state: common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Waysons Corner,dense stands in a wet ditch 7/27/1966, Stieber 357 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ten county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (dam at Ruckers Pond 8/18/99). Severn Run Natural Environment Area. Lake Waterford 8/13/1988.
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
867. Impatiens capensis var. immaculata (Weath.) Fern. & Schub. B&B.634
(Jewelweed) Variety with unspotted flowers.
Records: Throughout CBC, moderately abundant to abundant in wet, shaded areas, especially in upper valleys of streams, Higman 76 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
868. Impatiens capensis forma albiflora (Rand & Redf.) Fern. & Schub. B&B.634
(Jewelweed) Form with white flowers.
Records: Java Farm, solitary in fresh part of Fox Creek salt marsh,
Higman 242 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
869. Impatiens pallida Nuttall 1818. B&B.634
(Impatiens aurea Muhl. 1813) Shr.454
(Impatiens aurea S. Wats. 1878)
(Pale Jewelweed, Pale Touch-me-not)
Upright succulent native annual herb. Yellow flowers, short spur.
Habitat: "In flood plains and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). Moist woods and ditch banks.
Frequency: Midland & Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wetland control habitats at Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). This record has not been confirmed by others.
Sightings: Patuxent Oxbow (Longbottom, personal communication, 9/19/1997).
97. Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn Family)
870. Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch B&B: unlisted.
[Berchemia scandens (Hill) Trelease]
(Rhamnus scandens Hill 1768)
(Supple-jack)
Native high-climbing deciduous woody twining vine.
Habitat: "Damp soils" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In low woods, Virginia to Florida" (Britton & Brown 1913). "S.e Va. to Fla. & Tex." (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Records: Manresa; low growing vine in a moist woods June 1966,
Stieber 358 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
871. Rhamnus carolinianus Walter 1788 B&B: Unlisted.
(Carolina Buckthorn)
Large shrub or small tree. Leaves acute, 2-6 in. long. Flowers in axilliary umbels.
Habitat: "In wet soil" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and low grounds" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "s.e. Va. to s. Ohio and s. Mo., s. to Fla. and Tex." (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Sightings: Small (ca. 20 ft.) uprooted tree in fruit near big tuliptree grove on Cumberstone Road at "Cedar Park" ca. 1980 (tentative identification).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
98. Vitaceae (Grape Family)
872. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Koehne var. maximowiczii Rehd. B&B: unlisted.
(Ampelopsis heterophylla Sieb. & Zucc.)
(Turquoise Berry)
Deciduous woody vine with multicolored berries. The specimens seen were 3-5 lobed, with deep sinuses. Native of Northeast Asia. Escaping from ornamental plantings.
Sightings: Roadside thicket at rear corner of Asbury Methodist Church Cemetery, Arnold. Chase Creek watershed, on woodpile near Ruckers Pond 1990, 2001; additional sites on property 2002. State Tax Building, Annapolis; persistent on Ilex crenata 1998.
873. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. 1887. Shr.455, B&B.223
[Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene]
(Hedera quinquefolia L. 1753)
(Virginia Creeper)
Native high-climbing deciduous woody vine.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In woods, thickets, fence rows and hillsides" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; one of the commonest climbers" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, spreading on the ground near the roadside 6/21/1966, Stieber 363 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields and borders of fresh marshes, Higman 86, 224 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Occurring infrequently in the deciduous control habitats at Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Picture Spring Branch watershed (near Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, Rucker property. Severn Run Natural Environment Area.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
874. Vitis aestivalis Michx. 1803. Shr.455, B&B.227
(Summer Grape)
Native high-climbing deciduous woody vine. Tendrils non-continuous. Leaves 3-5 lobed, red-woolly beneath.
Habitat: "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Edge of dry woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, climbing on trees 6/11/1966, Stieber 360 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, at the edge of a woods 8/6/1966, Stieber 359 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near Ruckers Pond). Forked Creek (near tenant house at Sackett property).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
875. Vitis cinerea Engelm. 1883. B&B: unlisted.
(Graybark Grape, Winter Grape). High-climbing native woody vine. Leaves gray-hairy both sides.
Habitat: "Low thickets and streambanks" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Native from Illinois to Texas and s.e. Virginia.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/U (Regionally rare, status uncertain). 1991: Status uncertain.
Records: Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, growing on other plants at the edge of a thicket 6/20/1966, Stieber 361 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
876. Vitis labrusca L. 1753 Shr.455, B&B.226
(Fox Grape, Northern Fox Grape)
Native high-climbing woody vine with a tendril at each joint. Leaves red-hairy beneath.
Habitat: "Moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "Moist or dry thickets" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, Higman 67 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "In the valley of Muddy Creek, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, abundant in Ruckers Swamp, August 1999. Jabez Branch, below Hog Farm Road. Severn Run, below Rt. 3.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
877. Vitis riparia Michx. 1803. B&B.227
(Vitis vulpina of older manuals)
(River-bank Grape, Muscadine Grape, Southern Fox Grape)
Native high-climbing woody vine. Leaves lobed, with narrow teeth, long acuminate tips, glossy green beneath.
Records: Manresa, in a damp woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 362 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Picture Spring Branch watershed (near Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Abundant, Rucker’s woods, and sunny thickets July 2001.
878. Vitis vulpina L. 1753 B&B.227
(Vitis cordifolia Michx.) Shr.455
(Winter Grape, Frost Grape, Chicken Grape)
Native high-climbing woody vine. Leaves heart-shaped, dull green beneath.
Habitat: "Thickets and river-banks" (Gray 1867). "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910, as V. cordifolia). "Moist thickets and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910, as V. cordifolia).
Records: Java Farm, moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 166, 374 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom, pc).
Herbaria: CBC.
99. Tiliaceae (Linden Family)
879. Tilia americana L. 1753 Shr.455, B&B.230
(American Basswood, American Linden)
Large native deciduous tree.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone in ravine slopes; infrequent in the Lower Midland District, common in the Upper Midland and Mountain Zone in deep well-drained soils of the lower slopes of mountain ridges" (Shreve et al 1910). Locally may escape from ornamental plantings.
Records: St. James Church, 7-10 m. tree along Lyons Creek branch at the edge of a woods and a field, Stieber 364 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run watershed: one specimen (Severn Run Stormwater Management Study, CH2MHill 1980).
Sightings: Annapolis Roads, small trees in woods under very large old linden at an old house site near Carrollton Drive, ca. 1986. Chase Creek watershed, Berry property, ravine floor east of Pine Bluff, one tree (ca. 35' long, horizontal, with several 20' stems growing from base) May 2000.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
100. Malvaceae (Mallow Family)
880. Abutilon theophrastii Medic. 1787. B&B.640
[Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby] Shr.455
(Velvet-leaf)
Erect annual herb naturalized from India. 2-5 ft. tall. Heart-shaped leaf.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Rich or sandy soil...a persistent weed" (Jaques 1959). "Fields and waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary beside corn field and old barn near head of Cheston Creek, Higman 1000 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
881. Hibiscus moscheutos L. 1753. B&B.640
(Rose Mallow, Swamp Rose Mallow)
Large native erect white-flowered perennial herb.
Habitat: "In brackish and fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Manresa, in shallow water of the Severn 8/8/1966, Stieber 366 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Other: 32 brackish-marsh stations for H. moscheutos & H. palustris mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
882. Hibiscus palustris L. 1753. B&B.640
(Marsh Mallow, Pink Swamp Rose Mallow)
Large native erect pink-flowered perennial herb.
Habitat: Estuarine marshes.
Frequency: "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (infrequent in the savanna; Sipple & Klockner 1980). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
883. Hibiscus palustris forma peckii House B&B: unlisted.
(Rose Mallow)
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant to abundant in tidal marshes, especially near upland margins and along upper tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 78 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
884. Hibiscus syriacus L. B&B.232
(Rose-of-Sharon, Althea)
Tall shrub or rarely, a small tree; introduced from eastern Asia.
Habitat: Seeding freely around gardens, and somewhat persistent at old house sites.
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, Rucker property, including national champion.
885. Hibiscus trionum L. Shr.456, B&B.640
(Flower-of-an-Hour, Bladder Ketmia)
Annual herb introduced from Europe. 6-18" tall. Flowers yellow, with purple center.
Habitat: "A vexatious pest in grain fields, truck patches, and gardens" (Fogg 1956). "Common weed in gardens and other cultivated ground; less common in waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Weed, in plantings at Medical Centre near Cypress Creek Bog (Longbottom, pc 1991).
886. Kosteletskya virginica (L.) Presl. B&B.638
(Seashore Mallow, Coastal Mallow)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Aberdeen Creek of South River, wet area covered by high tide August 1938, Lisla A. Miller (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, dense stands in shallow water 9/9/1966, Stieber 365 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in tidal marshes, especially near upland margins, Higman 57, 281 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Seventeen brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Marsh. Cypress Creek Bog, brackish marsh 8/4/90 (Longbottom, pc). Maynedier Creek (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
887. Kosteletskya virginica forma - (white-flowered form)
Sightings: Found Sept. 1986 at end of Martins Pond sandbar, and marsh at head of small cove on lower shore of Saltworks Creek.
888. Malva neglecta Wallr. B&B.636
Malva rotundifolia L. of older manuals, but not to be confused with the erect-stemmed Malva
rotundifolia L. (Malva pusilla With.) which has 10-12 mm petals.
(Common Mallow, Cheeses)
Biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Stem prostrate or trailing. Petals 5 mm long.
Habitat: "Yards, barnyards, and waste places" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959). "A common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in pasture below Colhoun's house, Higman 1355 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Edge of State parking lot at Bladen Street, Annapolis.
Herbaria: CBC
889. Sida spinosa L. 1753 Shr.455, B&B.643
(Prickly Sida, Indian Mallow, False mallow)
Erect annual branching herb. Naturalized from tropical America.
Habitat: "In waste and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Fields, waste areas and on road banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1993).
101. Hypericaceae or Guttiferae (St. John's Wort Family)
890. Ascyrum hypericoides L. 1753. Shr.456, B&B.233
(Ascyrum crux-andreae L.)
(St. Andrew's Cross)
Low, many-stemmed native shrub. Yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Pine barrens" (Gray 1867). "Dry sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry sandy or rocky woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone in dry forests and open situations, rare in the Midland Zone in dry sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 7/19/1899). Near St. James Church, along roadside 6/5/1966, Stieber 368 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent River near Rt. 50 spreading on sandy clay 7/21/1966 & 8/8/1966, Stieber 367 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on old road through mixed hardwood forest of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 968 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed, dry ridge near Ruckers Pond (several plants, later died out). Dicus Mill Road near Severn Run. Martins Pond watershed, Jones property. Uplands near Cypress Creek Savanna. Indian Landing Road near Arlington Echo. Truxtun Park, by path leading to bare ridge.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
891. Ascyrum stans Michx. 1803. Shr.456, B&B.233
(St. Peter's Wort, Atlantic St. Peter's Wort)
Upright native shrub.
Habitat: "In dry forests, being most abundant on sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist to dry, sandy, open woods and in fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist soil 9/23/1966, Stieber 369 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
892. Hypericum adpressum Bart. 1818. B&B.644
(Creeping St, John's Wort)
An erect herb; the rhizome creeps.
Habitat: "Marshy borders of ponds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Swamps and wet meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain; infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Sawmill Pond (Wagner's Pond) Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899).
893. Hypericum canadense L. 1753, Shr.456, B&B.646
(Canadian St. John's Wort)
Native annual or perennial slender branching herb.
Habitat: Wet, sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In fresh marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swampy places, on wet rocks, or on moist banks" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, in sandy area 9/23/1966, Stieber 370 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 371 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Round Bay Bog, Angels Bog, South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
894. Hypericum densiflorum Pursh 1814. Shr.456, B&B.235
(Bushy St. John's Wort, Dense St. John's Wort)
Tall leafy native shrub.
Habitat: "Swamps and moist acid soil" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Swamp or dry, sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent in bogs and open wet situations in the Coastal and Midland Zones, frequent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marsh at the head of the Severn River 10/24/1951, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
895. Hypericum dissimulatum Bicknell B&B.646
An apparent hybrid of H. canadense (Gleason & Cronquist 1963). "Probably a hybrid of H.
gymnanthum" (Brown & Brown 1984).
(St. John's Wort) Herb.
Habitat: "Peaty or wet sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Marsh at head of the Severn River 10/24/1951, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Gravel pit off West Pasadena Road 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
896. Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B.S.P. 1888. B&B.646
(Sarothra gentianoides L. 1753) Shr.456
(Pineweed, Orange Grass)
Low branching native annual herb.
Habitat: "Sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "Moist sandy areas" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being common on the lighter soils of the Coastal Zone, and frequent in dry open situations in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, moist sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 372 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). On gravelly flat near Patuxent River, below Sands and Bayard Roads (Higman 1977). Upland near Magothy River headwaters 7/31/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
897. Hypericum mutilum L. 1753. Shr.456, B&B.646
(Dwarf St. John's Wort, Small-floweredt. John's Wort)
Native erect annual herb.
Habitat: ""In fresh marshes, swamps, moist forests and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Low, moist, open woods and meadows" (Grimm 1968). "An occasional weed in gardens, especially damp clay soils" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 374 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, wet pond edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 373 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at edge of Phalaris meadow, Higman 156 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cattail Creek Pond 7/12/1990 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Stream area near Kinder Park Pond 6/11/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
898. Hypericum perforatum L. 1753. Shr.456, B&B.644
(Common St. John's Wort)
Perennial herb introduced from Europe. Leaves with small translucent dots.
Habitat: "In fields and waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy or gravelly soils...old meadows and pastures...roadsides, rocky slopes and waste ground" (Fogg 1956). "Roadsides, pastures, fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, on a grassy hillside in open sun 6/20/1966, Stieber 376 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, grassy roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 375 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in main building area; Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in recent old field on Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 7, 812 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
899. Hypericum punctatum Lam. 1797. B&B.644
(Hypericum maculatum Walt. 1788) Shr.456
(Spotted St. John's Wort, Dotted St. John's Wort)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Open woods, thickets and fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James church, grassy roadside 7/27/1966 & 8/12/1966, Stieber 377 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along old road through mixed hardwood forest of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 928, 929 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
900. Hypericum spathulatum (Spach) Steud. B&B.235
(Hypericum prolificum L.) probably. Shr.456
(Shrubby St. John's Wort)
Tall shrub.
Habitat: "Either wet or dry soil" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Frequent in western part of state" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom 1991).
901. Hypericum virginicum L. 1763. B&B.646
[Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. 1836] Shr.456
(Marsh St. John's Wort)
Erect unbranched native pink-flowered perennial herb.
Habitat: "In fresh marshes, swamps, and open wet situations" (Shreve 1910). "Swamps, bogs and wet sandy places" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 6/10/1992, 8/12/1992 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog 7/27/1990 (Longbottom, pc). Along banks of Boyd Pond 9/28/1991 (Longbottom pc).
902. Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gmel.
(Hypericum tubulosum Walt.) B&B.646
(Hypericum petiolatum Walt. 1788).
[Triadenum petiolatum (Walt.) Britton 1897] Shr.457
(Larger Marsh St. John's Wort)
Erect native pink-flowered herb.
Habitat: "In river swamps and stream swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). "Swamps and marshes of the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Now rare.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally Rare). 1991: Highly Rare.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Mathews 1987.
102. Cistaceae (Rock-rose Family)
903. Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. B&B.650
(Hoary Frostweed) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry rocky or sandy soils" (Stieber 1971). "Dry, sandy or serpentine soils, in light shade or open fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout, but more common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Now extirpated.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Two A. A. Co. stations (1966) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979.
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, edge of the pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 379 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, dry sand 6/20/1966, Stieber 378 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
904. Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx. 1803. Shr.457, B&B.650
[Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton]
(Cistus canadensis L. 1753)
(Long-branched Frostweed) Erect native 5-petaled perennial herb.
Habitat: "Sandy or gravelly dry soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry rocky or sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In rocky open woods and on sandy barrens" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most abundant in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn River at Rt. 50 in a sandy woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., in a sandy field near a fresh pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 380 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Pine area near Catherine Avenue (Magothy headwaters) 7/31/1989 (Sipple 1993). Pitch pine area between Mountain Road & Route 100 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
ADD: Hudsonia ericoides L. B&B.236: not reported in Md.
(Pine-barren Golden-heather)
Low native woody plant.
Habitat: “Dry sands and pinelands” (Fernald 1950).
Heritage Rating: S1 (Highly state rare)
Frequency: Reported in Delaware and Virginia. Sipple’s station is the first known occurrence in Maryland.
Records: Approx. 30 plants on BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Wm. Sipple 5/24/2000 & 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Herbaria: Delaware State University (DOV) Sipple 2032; Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (ANSP) Sipple 2033: Anne Arundel County Community College Sipple 2034.
905. Lechea minor L. 1753. Shr.457, B&B.651
(Lechea thymifolia Michx.)
(Thyme-leaved Pinweed)
Native perennial 3-petaled branching herb.
Habitat: "In dry open grounds" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy woods and openings" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, in clay soil 10/29/1966, Stieber 381 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 10/29/1966, Stieber 382 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
906. Lechea racemulosa Michx. Shr.457, B&B.651
(Lechea racemulosa Lam.)
(Oblong-fruited Pinweed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy and rocky soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
"Sandy open woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: No locale 10/20/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on south shore of Scaffold Peninsula, on bank above Scaffold Creek, Higman 1049 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
907. Lechea villosa Ell. 1817. Shr.457, B&B.651
(Lechea major Michx.)
(Hairy Pinweed, Large Pinweed) Native perennial herb, 1-2 ft. high.
Habitat: "Sterile grounds" (Gray 1867). "Dry, sandy to gravelly open woods" (Stieber 1971). "Dry or sandy soil of fields and clearings"
(Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "In Delaware and Anne Arundel County; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Open sandy situations near Benfield (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sand 8/6/1966, 9/23/1966, 10/29/1966, Stieber 383 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
103. Violaceae (Violet Family)
908. Viola arvensis Murr. B&B.665
(European Wild Pansy)
Annual herb; stems leafy, petals pale yellow; naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Cultivated fields and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Quite common in some areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
909. Viola blanda Willd. 1806. Shr.458, B&B.659
(Sweet White Violet)
Native herb; stemless; leaves cordate at base, petals white.
Habitat: "Moist rich woodlands" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cool, moist woods and ravines" (Grimm 1968). "Rich deciduous woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "V. blanda or V. pallens...Mill Swamp, infrequent at base of mossy north slope above old logging road overlooking swamp" Higman 1369 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: V. blanda has not been positively identified. The following stations may prove to be V. primulifolia. Chase Creek watershed (Schmitt's ravine). Indian Creek Branch (mossy hummocks near Chamaecyparis). Jabez Branch (Drum Point R. R. r/w at KOA property). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88.
Herbaria: CBC (tentative identification, Higman 1977).
910. Viola brittoniana Pollard 1898. B&B.659
(Viola atlantica Britton)
(Viola septemloba)
(Britton's Violet, Coast Violet)
Native herb. Stemless. Narrow-lobed leaves. Flowers violet.
Habitat: "In moist sandy or peaty soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist sandy or peaty soils" (Grimm 1968). "Moist sandy or peaty soil and brackish meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Chiefly coastal, frequent; rare in Piedmont" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: No locale April 1898, Edw. L. Greene (US) (Stieber 1967). In moist sand by a branch near Forest Home (Plitt 5/2/1903).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
911. Viola cucullata Aiton 1789. Shr.457, B&B.655
(Common Blue Violet, Marsh Blue Violet)
Native perennial herb. Stemless; variable in size, color, leaf shape.
Habitat: "Wet meadows, bogs, and springy places" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Magothy River 5/31/1876, and 4/25/1881" (The 1881 station may have been north of the Magothy; see Chamaedaphne), J. D. Smith (US)(Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
912. Viola fimbriatula Sm. B&B.657
(Viola ovata Nutt.) Shr.458
(Ovate-leaved Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; leaves ovate-oblong, flowers violet-purple.
Habitat: "Sandy fields and dry hillsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
"In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry open woods, fields, and on hillsides" (Grimm 1968). "Dry fields and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland Zone, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common, Western Maryland; infrequent, Midland and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park, Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991).
913. Viola kitaibeliana R. & S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fernald B&B.655
(Viola rafinesquii Greene 1899).
(Field Violet, Field Pansy)
Small native annual herb. Leafy stems. Petals bluish-white to cream.
Habitat: In fields and open woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry, grassy fields and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a grassy field near a moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 387 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old orchard (south slope) above Phalaris meadow, Higman 1150 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Clearing near Ruckers Pond. Rough turf at end of State "D" parking lot at College Creek 3/27/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
914. Viola lanceolata L. Shr.458, B&B.659
(Lance-leaved Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; petals white; leaves glabrous, lanceolate.
Habitat: "Open bogs, moist meadows and shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp soils, in open areas or light shade" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/92 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
915. Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd 1905. B&B.659
(Viola rotundifolia var. pallens Banks 1824)
(Northern White Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; petals white; leaves glabrous, heart-shaped.
Habitat: "Springy land and along cold brooks" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet soils, swamps, bogs, and along streams at higher elevations" (Brown & Brown 1984). Northern states and along the mts. to S.C. and Ala. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Frequency: "Frequent in Garrett County; reported from W-B area and Frederick" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, pond bank 5/2/1967, Stieber 384 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
916. Viola palmata L. 1753. Shr.457, B&B.659
(Viola cucullata var. palmata)
(Wood Violet, Early Blue Violet, Hand-leaf Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; flowers violet-purple; leaves palmately lobed.
Habitat: "Dry rich woodlands" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry but rich wooded hillsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common over most of state except Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/99).
917. Viola papilionacea Pursh 1814. B&B.655
(Viola obliqua Hill.) Shr.457
(Meadow Blue Violet, Common Blue Violet, Thin-leaved Wood Violet)
Native herb. Stemless. Compare knobs of beard with V. cucullata.
Habitat: "Moist meadows and groves, frequently about dwellings" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "A weed...lawns and gardens" (Fogg 1956). "In open woods, meadows, door-yards, and along roadsides" Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Probably our most common species, but less frequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a moist woods amid a stand of Galium 5/5/1966, Stieber 385 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant on steep east slope near north boundary and west of new entrance gate, Higman 581, 602 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker (lot 705).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
918. Viola pedata L. 1753. Shr.458, B&B.655
(Birdfoot Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; flowers lilac-purple; leaves much divided.
Habitat: "Sandy or gravelly soil" (Gray 1867). "Open sunny slopes in sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "On dry, sunny, sandy, rocky, or clayey banks and open woods" (Grimm 1968). "Dry clay, shales or sandy soil;
almost always in full sun" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "No locale"; (possibly off the Annapolis Road toward Furnace Creek; see Chamaedaphne); 4/25/1881, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905). Elvaton (Plitt 4/29/1905).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
919. Viola pensylvanica Michx. B&B.662
(Viola eriocarpa Schwein 1822)
(Viola pubescens var. eriocarpa Nutt. 1822)
(Smooth Yellow Violet, Smoothish Yellow Violet)
Stems 6-12 in., smooth, leafy. Flowers yellow, 3 lower petal w/purple veins. Capsule densely white-wooly.
Habitat: "In low open woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In moist woods and on cool, rocky slopes" (Grimm 1968). "Moist soils, usually in light shade" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Frequency: "Frequent in Western Maryland and Midland; rare on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
Sightings: Abundant on rich floodplain of Patuxent River above Stocketts Run (Peter Perry property) (Tentative identification 5/18/1991).
920. Viola primulifolia L. 1753. B&B.662
(Viola primulaefolia L.) Shr.458
(Primrose-leaved Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; flowers white; leaves taper at base, petioles winged. Often mistaken for V. blanda.
Habitat: "Damp soil" (Gray 1867). "Moist or almost dry soil"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist open woods, clearings, and meadows" (Grimm 1968). "Moist soils containing a considerable amount of sand" (Aiken 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, pond bank 6/14/1966, Stieber 386 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jacobsville Park, Marley Creek Swamp, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Mossy hummocks above Ruckers Pond, May 1991). Community College, mossy clearing at edge of woods (Williams pc). Near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
921. Viola sagittata Aiton 1789. Shr.458, B&B.657
(Arrow-leaved Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; flowers blue; mid-season leaves lanceolate.
Habitat: "Dry or moist open places" (Gray 1867). "Moist banks and fields" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "On moist banks and in fields and upland woods" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 4/23/1881, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). CBC: Stevens Farm, infrequent in weedy field beside entrance road, opposite Camp Letts, Higman 1390 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
922. Viola septentrionalis Greene 1898. B&B.657
(Northern Blue Violet)
Native herb. Stemless; undivided leaf; petiole & underleaf pubescent.
Habitat: "Moist open woodlands, especially under conifers" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist woods and clearings" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "...south to Connecticut and northern Pennsylvania" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Cranesville Swamp, Garrett County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/U Highly State Rare, Status Uncertain. 1991: Status Uncertain.
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along Old Muddy Creek Road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 548 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Along Old Muddy Creek Road (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
923. Viola sororia Willd. 1809. B&B.657
(Wooly Blue Violet)
Native perennial herb. Stemless; petiole & underleaf densely hairy.
Habitat: "Moist meadows, alluvial woods, shady ledges and dooryards"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In low woods, moist meadows, and on damp slopes" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Common in mountains; infrequent in Cecil County; reported from W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent on old road through central Scaffold Peninsula, in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 599 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC.
924. Viola striata Ait. 1789 Shr.458, B&B.662
(Striped Violet, Pale Violet)
Stems 6-12 in., smooth, leafy. Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers white or creamy-white).
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "Low and shady ground" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Low moist woods and meadows, and along streams" (Grimm 1968). "Moist woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in Western Maryland and Piewdmont of Cecil County (Tatnall); rare in Midland (PLM)"
(Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
925. Viola triloba Schwein. 1822 B&B.657
(Three-lobed Violet)
Cut-leaved stemless herb. Flowers pale violet.
Habitat: "Dry woodlands" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In rich but dry woodlands" (Grimm 1968). "Rich, dry woods, often on limestone ledges" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in mountains, Midland, and Piedmont; infrequent on the Coastal Plain south to Queen Anne's County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (See 1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
104. Passifloraceae (Passion-flower Family)
926. Passiflora lutea L. 1753. Shr.458, B&B.667
(Yellow Passionflower)
Slender native perennial herbaceous vine climbing by tendrils.
Habitat: "Damp thickets" (Gray 1867). "Moist Forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In thickets and the borders of woods" (Grimm 1968). Rich moist silty soils.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Local and infrequent on Coastal Plain; rare in moist, Midland forests" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on low bluff over big salt marsh at southwest tip of Cheston Peninsula, Higman 1075 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Low bluff overlooking saltmarsh at Cheston Peninsula, Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Listed (1990) by Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary as occurring on property.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry & Rucker properties). Rays Pond watershed (Iliff property at Joyce Lane). Truxtun Park (small vine by path near periwinkle swale). Holly Beach Farm (large fruiting vine beside unpaved roadway on north side of freshwater pond at Hacketts Point). Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Meredith Creek watershed: Several large vines by road to residence adjacent to CBF property 1990.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
105. Cactaceae (Cactus Family)
927. Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. 1856 B&B.667
[Opuntia compressa (Salisb.) Macbr.]
(Opuntia vulgaris Mill. 1768)
[Opuntia opuntia (L.) Coult. 1896] Shr.459
(Eastern Prickly Pear)
Native succulent herbaceous plant.
Habitat: "Forests and open situations in sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common on sandy coastal dunes or shaly soils of Midland, especially Allegany County, rare elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Magothy River watershed: older shore property of Mrs. William Burdick off Mago Vista Road before Mago Vista Beach (Seen in sandy lawn by Rucker 1967). Roadside bank at Plum Creek Drive near Plum/Gumbottom Creek. Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (Longbottom Pc 1991). Reported from railroad bank at Odenton train station by Roger White 4/22/1999.
106. Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster Family)
928. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. B&B.238
(Russian Olive, Oleaster)
Large deciduous spreading shrub introduced from Eurasia.
Habitat: Waste areas.
Sightings: Near Ruckers Pond (One small plant). Old gravel pit below
Governors Bridge (one large plant).
107. Lythraceae (Loosestrife Family)
929. Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne 1882. B&B.669
[Parsonia petiolata (L.) Rusby 1894] Shr.459
(Lythrum petiolatum L. 1753)
(Blue Waxweed, Clammy Loosestrife, Tarweed)
Erect native annual herb. 6-15" high. Flowers purple. Stems pubescent, sticky.
Habitat: "Moist and dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A very bad weed in pastures, meadows, old fields, and gardens" (Fogg 1956). "Dry open soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Churchton, border of a woods near Cape Ann 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in wet woods along Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 1005 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
930. Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. 1821. Shr.459, B&B.671
(Lythrum verticillatum L. 1753)
(Water Willow, Swamp Loosestrife)
Native emergent-aquatic slightly woody shrubby perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and marshes and about the margins of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being common in the Coastal Zone, and infrequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). Records: Saw Mill Pond at Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/5/1899). Margin of pond at Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Marshland at head of a fresh pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Seven county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Marley Creek Swamp, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Angels Bog 9/30/90 (Longbottom pc). Chase Creek watershed
(Ruckers Pond & pond above Riverdale Road). Arden Pond 1990. Jonas Green Pond. Mill Creek above Route 50. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Lower pond at Chartwell golf course 7/16/88. Old Man Creek 8/20/1989
(Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
931. Lythrum lineare L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.669
(Saltmarsh Loosestrife, Linear-leaved Loosestrife)
Native perennial herb. Leaves linear. Stem with 2 wings.
Habitat: "Brackish to saline marshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 10/29/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Valentine Creek near Herald Harbor, on a beach 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Sherwood Forest, in a marsh 8/16/1930, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., in a brackish marsh in the north arm of Cypress Creek 9/8/1951, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in Fox Creek salt marsh, also infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh near trail (in Scirpus-Distichlis stand), Higman 61 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Six county brackish marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Brackish marsh at Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/90 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
SYN: Lythrum purpurea B&B: Unlisted.
This is an unknown taxon. Although listed separately from L. salicaria, the Purple
Loosestrife, in the 1993 index, it is probably synonymous.
Records: Smithsonian property (See 1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
932. Lythrum salicaria L. Shr.459, B&B.669
(Purple Loosestrife) Perennial herb. Petals reddish-purple.
Habitat: "Marshes and stream banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; Baltimore County and the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Mayo, infrequent in roadside ditch at Selby-on-the-Bay (margin of Rhode River watershed), Higman 1400 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
933. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne 1875 Shr.459, B&B.671
(Ammannia ramosior L. 1753)
(Tooth-cup) Low annual herb. Leaves linear, opposite.
Habitat: "In moist open situations, preferring sand" (Shreve et al 1910). "Pools, mud, dune hollows, and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Little Patuxent Laurel Oxbow; see Md. Nature Conservancy newsletter, Fall 1989, p.3.
108. Nyssaceae (Sour Gum Family)
934. Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica Marsh 1785. Shr.465, B&B.238
(Sour Gum, Blackgum)
Large native deciduous tree. Young trees tolerant of shade, shrubby.
Habitat: "Rich soil, either moist or nearly dry" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Typically in the dry transitional zone adjoining wetlands.
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/13/1899). S. of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of a woods 6/14/1966, Stieber 409 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in canopy at Hog Island and other mixed hardwood forests, Higman 109, 421, 520 (CBC)(Higman 1977). Eight county wooded swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry properties). Sullivan Cove Natural Area. Plum/Gumbottom Creek below Plum Creek Drive. Severn Run Environmental Area.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
109. Melastomataceae (Meadow-beauty Family)
935. Rhexia mariana L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.673
(Maryland Meadow-beauty, Deergrass)
Native perennial herb; 4 petals, purple to white. Round stem.
Habitat: "Sandy swamps" (Gray 1867). "Moist sandy situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In coastal-plain pinelands, swamps, and other moist sandy places" (Grimm 1968). "Bogs, moist sands, and marsh edges" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, shaded roadside damp area 7/21/1966, Stieber 389 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Old road site below Catherine Avenue (Magothy headwaters) 7/28/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
936. Rhexia virginica L. 1753. Shr.459, B&B.673
(Virginia Meadow-beauty, Deergrass)
Native perennial herb; 4 petals, crimson to purple. Four-angled stem.
Habitat: "Sandy swamps" (Gray 1867). "Bogs and moist, open sandy places" (Grimm 1968). "Peaty areas" (Stieber 1971). "Moist, sandy meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone, frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, P.185). Mt. Carmel, boggy margin of freshwater pond 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, pond edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 388 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Eagle Hill Bog, Angel's Bog, South Gray's Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Eagle Hill Bog 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Angels Bog 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Shore of Lake Waterford 8/13/88.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
110. Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family)
937h. Circaea quadrisulcata (Maximowicz) Franchet & Savatier
var. canadensis (L.) Hara B&B.685
(Circaea latifolia Hill)
(Circaea lutetiana L. 1753) Shr.461
"Our plants as described, belong to var. canadensis (L.) Hara in order to distinguish them
from the typical Asiatic variety" (Brown & Brown 1984).
(Enchanter's Nightshade) Erect, branching perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich woods, thickets and ravines" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java farm, solitary on old entrance road, south of main building area; Ivy Neck, solitary in wet woods of Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 821, 855 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
938. Epilobium coloratum Biehler B&B.679
(Epilobium coloratum Muhl. 1809) Shr.460
(Purpleleaf Willowweed, Purple-leaved Willow-herb)
Native erect, bushy herb.
Habitat: "In fresh marshes and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp grassy roadsides, ditches" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Entrance to Balt-Wash. Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade, damp grassy roadside 8/6/1966, Stieber 392 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in shaded wet field on north side of main building area, and in deep ditch of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 195, 327 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (on Patuxent) mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
939. Gaura biennis L. 1753 Shr.461, B&B.683
(Biennial Gaura)
Native erect, much-branching biennial herb. 2-5 ft. tall. Flower spikes white, turning purple.
Habitat: "In waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry or moist fields" Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "A weed...in dry soil along roadsides and in fields" (Jaques 1959). "In dry thickets, fields and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, locally common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Saw Mill Pond, Glenburnie (Plitt 7/1/1899).
940. Ludwigia alternifolia L. 1753. Shr.460, B&B.677
(Rattlebox, Seedbox) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: In fresh marshes, swamps, and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In marshes, wet meadows and swamps" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Oak Grove, near Deale, in a field 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 390 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, solitary to infrequent in salt marshes, Higman 1100 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (near Round Bay) mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
941. Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. 1817. B&B.677
(Isnardia palustris L. 1753) Shr.460
Ludwigia palustris var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.
"The American plants belong to the var. americana" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
(Water Purslane, Marsh Purslane)
Native perennial succulent aquatic herb.
Habitat: "In muddy ditches and swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In shallow pools, ditches, and wet places" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Wet open places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, low pond 8/6/1966, Stieber 391 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent on muddy shore of Colhoun's hog pond, above Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 995 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (near Round Bay) mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Kinder Park Pond 7/23/1989 (Sipple 1993). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: (As var. americana) CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
942. Oenothera biennis L. 1753. B&B.681
[Onagra biennis (L.) Scop.] Shr.460
(Common Evening Primrose)
Native stout upright biennial herb. 4-8 ft. tall. Flowers yellow, nocturnal.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste grounds and dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry soil of roadsides and fields" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In dry open places and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, common in sand 9/23/1966 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 393 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in pavement of Fox Point Road; Ivy neck, infrequent in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 145, 954, 1018 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 704 8/29/87, Lot 706 8/26/97, with hummingbird).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
943. Oenothera fruticosa L. 1753 B&B.683
[Knieffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann] Shr.461
(Narrow-leaved Sundrops, Common Sundrops)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Damp Meadows" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In dry to moist open woods, fields, and meadows" (Grimm 1968). "Moist or dry soils of fields and woods, even in salt marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek 5/27/1955, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., shallow water 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1114 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Savanna and cedar swamp habitats at Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US.
944. Oenothera fruticosa var. latifolia B&B: unlisted.
Records: Marley shore (Plitt 6/17/1899).
945. Oenothera laciniata Hill 1767. Shr.460, B&B.683
[Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose 1905]
(Cut-leaved Evening Primrose) Annual herb.
Habitat: "In sandy dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry open mostly sandy places" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In fields, waste places and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Records: Near St. James Church, along the roadside 6/5/1966, Stieber 396 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, small plants, 1-2 dm, dry soil 6/20/1966, Stieber 394 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. near Rt. 50 6/27/1966, Stieber 395 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 690 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Vicinity of Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
111. Haloragidaceae (Water-milfoil Family)
946. Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) BSP
(Pinnate Water-Milfoil)
Perennial aquatic herb. B&B.687
Habitat: "Shallow water and muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993).
947. Myriophyllum spicatum L. 1753. B&B: Not listed.
(Eurasian Watermilfoil, Common Watermilfoil, Spiked Water-milfoil)
Perennial aquatic herb.
Habitat: "In deep water" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: Once a pervasive nuisance in tidal waters of A. A. Co., no
stations were noted by Orth et al 1985 (Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries - 1985).
Records: "Locally abundant in Rhode River, especially along lower Muddy Creek tidal channel" (Higman 1977). Lake Claire (10/31/91 draft, Magothy River Vessel Management Plan).
Sightings: Upper pond of Chartwell golf course (tentative identification).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
948. Prosperpinaca palustris L. 1753 Shr.461, B&B.690
(Mermaid-weed) Low perennial aquatic herb.
Habitat: "Wet swamps" (Gray 1867). "In marshes, swamps and wet situations with sandy soil, also in shallow ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Shallow water, or muddy shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
112. Araliaceae (Ginseng Family)
949. Aralia nudicaulis L. 1753. Shr.462, B&B.692
(Wild Sarsaparilla) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich moist woods" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Upland near Solley Road Helonias site (Sipple 1999, p.346).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near spring above Ruckers Pond, several plants May 2000, died out; also ridge NW of Berry's tenant house - plants very numerous, May 2000). Rays Pond watershed (slope near Iliff's Pond).
950. Aralia spinosa L. 1753. Shr.461, B&B.239
(Hercules' Club) Small native tree. Twice-pinnate leaves.
Habitat: "In low grounds and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
"Rich woods, bluffs, and roadsides" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Rich woods, riverbanks, bluff" (Stieber 1971). "Rich, open woods and along streams" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fairly common" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Deale, 2 m. shrubby plant at the bank of the Bay 9/23/1956, Ralph Cluly (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of thicket 6/14/1966, Stieber 398 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 2 m. high shrub along road, damp woods 6/24/1966, Stieber 397 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). "Java Farm, abundant in pine/mixed hardwood forest stand on north side of base of Fox point peninsula, also moderately abundant along lower part of trail to Hog Island marsh, infrequent elsewhere; seems moderately abundant to abundant on logged forest throughout Rhode River watershed (e.g. in basin of South Fork of Muddy Creek" (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Amberley (Homewood Road). Near Round Bay Bog 9/15/1990. Whitehall Creek (at St. Margarets Road). Along old Annapolis & Elkridge Railroad r/w south of Crownsville Road 1991. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property; state champion, May 2000). Corcoran Woods (new state champion) May 2002.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
951. Hedera helix L. B&B.241
(Hedera helix L. var. vulgaris DC)
(English Ivy)
High-climbing evergreen woody vine and pervasive groundcover.
Habitat: Escapes (both vegetatively and by seed) from cultivation, especially on rich moist soils. Very destructive of native vegetation.
Records: Twining on Dactylis in shaded area near jct. Rt. 2 & Rt. 648, /20/1966, Stieber 399 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in mixed hardwoods along north side of road to pier, also infrequent on north bank of Fox Point (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancocks Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Widespread infestation; frequently from seed in Rucker's woods; also Ventre property. Weems Creek (Hock property; arising from seed throughout). Holly Beach Farm. "Severnside" (Rich property). St. Helena Island. Ravine off lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch. Junction of Rts. 648 & 2 below Ritchie Overlook; fruiting on Siberian elms.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
952. Hedera helix L. var. baltica Rehd.
(Baltic Ivy)
Woody vine with smaller leaves and stems than var. vulgaris.
Habitat: Less likely to reach fruiting stature; therefore, usually escapes vegetatively. Running stems difficult to pull up without breaking; hard to eradicate.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property; lot 758 esp.)
953. Panax trifolius L. 1753. B&B.692
(Panax trifolium L.) Shr.462
(Dwarf Ginseng) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In rich moist woods" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland & Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Fairly common in Garrett County; infrequent to rare in the Midland and Coastal areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Property of Richard & Pat Piluk, 4693 Walters Lane, Harwood April 1989 by Dougherty et al (See "Outdoors" by John M. Dougherty in The Capital 4/28/1989).
113. Umbelliferae (Carrot or Parsley Family)
954. Cicuta maculata L. 1753. Shr.463, B&B.705
(Common Water Hemlock)
Native erect perennial poisonous herb.
Habitat: "Marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in marshy land and along streams" (Jaques 1959). "In swamps, wet meadows and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Java Farm, infrequent along North Fork of Muddy Creek, north of old entrance road; found by Don Shute" (Higman 1977). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Lower part of Severn Run below Route 3 on 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (above Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
955. Conium maculatum L. B&B.703
(Poison Hemlock)
Tall poisonous much-branched biennial herb naturalized from Europe. "Rich soils" (Jaques 1959).
Habitat: "Bottomlands, waste places" (Grimm 1968).
Records: "Loop between Balto. Beltway and Rt. 10 south" Longbottom 664 (ATSC, AACC, MARY).
Herbaria: ATSC, AACC, MARY.
956. Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. 1829 B&B.705
[Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.464
(Canadian Honewort, Wild Chervil)
Erect branching native perennial herb. Three-parted leaves.
Habitat: "Moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich woods...a weed...gardens" (Fogg 1956). "Rich woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent over most of state, less so on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 648 at jct. Rt. 2, in moist woodsy area 6/20/1966, Stieber 401 & 402 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, 0.5 m. high in moist woods 9/9/1966 (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant all along old entrance road, Higman 793, 820 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property - lot 705).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
957. Daucus carota L. 1753. Shr.462, B&B.715
(Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot)
Biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Common weed.
Habitat: "In waste grounds and fields" (Shreve et al 1910). "A highly persistent weed" (Jaques). "In old fields, waste places, or along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). S. of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Farm area S. of Lothian 6/27/1966, Stieber 404 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in grassy old fields and along roads, Higman 138, 199, 953 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker - lot 707).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
958. Eryngium aquaticum L. 1753. B&B.699
(Eryngium virginianum Lam.) Shr.463
(Virginia Eryngo, Rattlesnake-master) Tall slender erect herb.
Habitat: "By ponds and streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Characteristic of the brackish and fresh marshes of the Chesasapeake and its tributaries and of the coastal inlets" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fresh to brackish water and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Old Furnace inlet (Plitt 8/5/1899). Shore at Marley Bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog 7/27/90 (Longbottom pc)
959. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. 1781. Shr.464, B&B.697
(Floating Marsh Pennywort)
Native perennial floating or creeping herb.
Habitat: "Muddy shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In ponds and swamps" (Britton 1901). "In pools and streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "Shores and shallow water" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in the Coastal area, in Anne Arundel and south to Talbot County on the Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Anne Arundel County, near Leon (1551)" (Shreve et al 1910); presumably collected 6/16/1907. Two county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Berrywood 6/19/1982 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (SPCA property) (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond). Cattail Creek (at Route 648). Whitehall Creek (Gov. Sharpes Millpond). Indian Creek Branch swamp. Fox Creek (Old Place Creek, on Severn) swamp.
Herbaria: Shreve's #1551 may be at MARY, as is his #1552 (Dryopteris cristata); #1548 (Sparganium) is at US.
960. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. B&B.697
(Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb.
(Lawn Pennywort)
Creeping herb, native of tropical Asia. Leaves not peltate.
Habitat: "Lawns and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Downs Park (Longbottom 1993).
961. Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Shr.464, B&B.695
(Umbellate Water Pennywort, Many-flowered Water-pennywort)
Peltate-leaved perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and low grounds" (Britton 1901). "In wet areas, swamps, and on shores" (Grimm 1968). "Ditches, shores and wet soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; in all moist situations; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Furnace Branch (Plitt 7/19/1899).
962. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. 1798. Shr.464, B&B.695
(Whorled Water Pennywort)
Peltate-leaved native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Swampy shores and low ground" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Deale, in a muddy bank at Mimosa Cove 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Spa Creek at Truxtun Park (identified by D. H. Williams). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog 7/27/90 (Longbottom pc). Bank of Boyd Pond (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
963. Lilaeopsis chinensis (L.) Kuntze B&B.709
(Hydrocotyle chinensis L. 1753)
[Lilaeopsis lineata (L.) Greene 1891]
[Lilaeopsis lineata (Michx.) Greene.] Shr.462
(Eastern Lilaeopsis)
Small native creeping perennial herb.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes, and on muddy river-shores" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Mud of brackish marshes or shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Frequent along the upper Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Valentine Creek branch 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Four county brackish-marsh stations (on Severn and Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978. Hickory Point at sillery Bay 9/6/1972 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
964. Osmorhiza claytoni (Michx.) Clarke 1879. B&B.918
(Myrrhis claytoni Michx. 1803)
[Washingtonia claytoni (Michx.) Britton 1897] Shr.463
(Woolly Sweet Cicely, Hairy Sweet-cicely, Clayton's Sweetroot)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). College Creek Woods.
965. Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. 1830. B&B.701
(Myrrhis longistylis Torr. 1824)
[Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britton 1897] Shr.463
(Smooth Sweet Cicely, Anise-root, Longstyle Sweetroot)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In rich woods and on wooded slopes" (Grimm 1968). "Rich woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 648 & jct. Rt. 2, shaded area 6/20/1966, Stieber 403 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
966. Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. 1830 B&B.713
[Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Coult. & Rose]
[Oxypolis rigidius (L.) Raf.]
[Oxypolis rigidus (L.) Britton] Shr.462
(Sium rigidius L. 1753)
(Cowbane, Water-dropwort) Poisonous erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs and swamps" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being common in the fresh marshes and swamps of the Coastal Zone and frequent in swamps and open wet situations in the Midland" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
967. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. 1830. B&B.709
[Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Hollick. Shr.464
(Ammi capillaceumm Michx. 1803)
(Mock Bishop-weed) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Brackish to fresh marshes" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common in fresh marshes in the coastal Zone, frequent in open wet situations in all parts of the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near the Magothy (Plitt 7/29/1899). Old Furnace inlet (Plitt 8/5/1899). Beach on the west bank of the Severn, above Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Neck, solitary on North Fork of Muddy Creek, just below upstream limit of salt marsh, Higman 254 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county brackish marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog 7/27/90 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
968. Sanicula canadensis L. 1753. B&B.697
(Black Snakeroot, Short-styled Snakeroot)
Native branching biennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry open woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common in Western Maryland and the Midland Zone; infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on new entrance road, near culvert of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 69, 310 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
969. Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell 1895. B&B.699
(Large-fruited Snakeroot, Black Snakeroot)
Native biennial or perennial herb.
Habitat: In rich woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Scarce; reported from Harford County and Baltimore City" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, edge of a moist woods along RR tracks, sandy clay 6/20/1966, Stieber 400 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
970. Sium suave Walt. B&B.709
(Sium cicutaefolium Schrank 1789)
(Sium cicutaefolium Gmel.) Shr.463
(Common Water-parsnip)
Large branching erect native herb. 2-6 ft. tall.
Habitat: "A weed...in marshy ground and in shallow water along Streams" (Jaques 1959). "In swamps, wet meadows, or on muddy shores" (Grimm 1968). "Swamps, wet meadows, wet open woodland, or tidal mud" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone in fresh marshes and infrequent in swamps; rare in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Edge of a wild rice swamp at the head of the South River estuary near Rt. 450, 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on shore of "fresh" cut-off pond just below Sand Point, Higman 948 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Lower part of Severn Run below Route 3 on 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
971. Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. B&B.705
(Zizia cordata) Shr.463
(Golden Alexanders) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woods and meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent in the Coastal Zone; common in the Mountain & Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "High Island, moderately abundant on old Indian shell midden at top of cliff" Higman 1341 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
114. Cornaceae (Dogwood Family)
972. Cornus alternifolia L. f. 1781. Shr.465, B&B.244
(Alternate-leaved Dogwood, Pagoda Dogwood, Green Osier)
Native shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Thickets and open woods"
(Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: "Rare in the Midland Zone, common in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in Allegany and Garrett Counties, rare in the Midland Zone" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on west slope of Hog Island, Higman 103 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
973. Cornus amomum P. Mill. 1768. Shr.465, B&B.244
(Silky Dogwood, Kinnikinnik, Red Willow) Native shrub.
Habitat: "In swamps and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "In low woods and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Swamps and damp thickets" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). Shrub swamps and wet woods.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Entrance to Balt-Wash Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966, Stieber 405 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a woods 8/12/1966, Stieber 406 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek; Ivy Neck, solitary at source of a tributary to the east fork of Scaffold Creek; Higman 71, 186, 413 (CBC) (Higman 1977). About three county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (slope, Ruckers ravine). Whitehall Creek (Gov. Sharpes Millpond). Saltworks Creek (shrub swamp). Severn Run just below Rt. 3.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
974. Cornus florida L. 1753. Shr.464, B&B.242
[Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf.]
(Flowering Dogwood) Small native tree.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908, Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "In moist and dry upland forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones, absent from the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Round Bay (Plitt 4/23/1899). S. of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 408 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, 3 m. tree at the edge of a pine-oak sandy woods 7/1/1966 & 9/23/1966, Stieber 407 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, and in some kinds of mixed hardwood forest, Higman 33, 603 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Upland habitat at South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge
gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
115. Clethraceae (White-alder Family)
975. Clethra alnifolia L. 1753. Shr.465, B&B.246
(Sweet Pepperbush) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Wet copses" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps and wet woods, or sometimes in dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Swamps and wet woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Saw Mill Pond, Glen Burnie (Plitt 7/19/1899, 8/5/1899). Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899). Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Manresa, 2-3 m. shrub in moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 410 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy woods 7/21/1966, Stieber 411 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Shore of a fresh pond 8/18/1966, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of a thicket 9/23/1966, Stieber 412 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Five county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Wetland control habitat at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Below Lake Waterford, with box hucleberry 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Lower Gumbottom/Plum Branch 10/15/88. Severn Run Environmental Area.
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
116. Pyrolaceae (Wintergreen Family)
976. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh 1814. Shr.465, B&B.247,719
(Pyrola maculata L. 1753)
(Spotted Wintergreen)
Low, evergreen, barely woody plant.
Habitat: "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Usually grows in rather dry rich woodlands" (Grimm 1968). "In acid, dry woods, frequently under pines" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley shore (Plitt 6/17/1899). Between Glen Burnie & Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899). Vicinity of Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904). Camp Powatinika on the South R., 3 mi. SW of Annapolis, in a pine woods 6/28/1941, Lydia Ewing (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R., along a trail in an oak-pine woods 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC; infrequent in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 94, 884 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (abundant on dry sandy ridge at Rucker property). Whitehall Creek (near Gov. Sharpes Millpond). Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
977. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. B&B.719
[Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. 1818. Shr.466
(Pyrola umbellata L. 1753).
"The American plant has been described as var. cisatlantica Blake" (Strausbaugh & Core
1958). "The species population is Eurasian" (Brown & Brown 1984).
(Pipsissewa, Prince's Pine)
Native evergreen perennial herb with unspotted leaves.
Habitat: "Dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry acid woods" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Less common than ... [C. maculata]; throughout state" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Marley shore (Plitt 6/17/1899). Between Glen Burnie & Marley (Plitt 7/1/1899).
978. Monotropa uniflora L. 1753. Shr.466, B&B.721
(Indian Pipe)
Small native waxy-white succulent saprophytic herb.
Habitat: "Dark and rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist rich woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In dimly-lighted, rich, moist woodlands" (Grimm 1968). "In humus of woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in leaf litter at base of dead white oak, in mixed hardwood forest west of North Fork of Muddy Creek and near north boundary, Higman 1182 (CBC) (Higman). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Rays Pond watershed: near Iliff's Pond 1991. Severn Run Natural Environment area. Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
979. Monotropa hypopitys L. B&B.721
[Hypopitys hypopitys (L.) Small] Shr.466
(Pinesap) Small native whitish succulent saprophytic herb with several flowers in a raceme. "owe nutrition to symbiotic fungi" (Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.180)
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich woodlands" (Grimm 1968). "In woodland humus" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, particularly in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
980. Monotropsis odorata Schwein. ex Ell. 1817. Shr.466, B&B.721
Schweinitzia odorata
(Sweet Pinesap, Pygmy Pipes)
Low native brownish saprophytic herb with several very fragrant flowers in a terminal spike.
Habitat: Sandy soil; chiefly pine woods.
Frequency: "Very rare" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Rare; known from Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984). Shreve found it in Baltimore County, near Towson (Shreve et al 1910, p.466). According to the American Chestnut Land Trust, sweet pinesap has been reported from seven sites in Md. A Calvert Co. station owned by the trust is (ca. 1990) the only Md. station extant.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records:
(1) In a pine woods, likely west of Holly Farms Road (off Benfield Road) by Plitt & Weber 3/28/1903. Fessenden's 1955 extract misplaces the site near Robinson Station. The herbarium specimen [See Steiber, 1967: "Near Binfield, in a pine woods" 3/28/1903, C. C. Plitt (US)] has led some to search the end of Benfield Boulevard, near the skating rink; the 1909 forest map shows no pine woods at that location.
(2) Benfield. Sipple (1999, p.353) suggests that on 4/19/1919, Plitt and Burner found thousands of plants at a station near Severn Run and Veterans Highway. Sipple also suggests that collections of 1938, 1939, & 1941 labeled "Benfield" or "near Benfield" are from that site.
(3) Woodwardville, at a farm 4/21/1912, M. B. Waite (US) (Stieber 1967). Probably the same as records for Patuxent and Conway Station.
(4) "Near Annapolis (Lawrence G. Painter)" (Shreve et al 1910, p.466).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
981. Pyrola rotundifolia L. Shr.465, B&B.721
(Pyrola americana Sweet 1830)
"Our [West Virginia] plants are regarded as var. americana (Sweet) Fernald...; the typical
variety is further north" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
(Round-leaved American Wintergreen, Wild Lily-of-the-Valley)
Native evergreen perennial herb.
Habitat: "In open sandy woods" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "It grows in rather dry woods and clearings" (Grimm 1968). "Damp woods and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most common in dry forests of the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Magothy River 5/31/1876, (J. D. Smith, presumably) (US) (Stieber 1967). Marley Creek shore (Plitt 6/17/1899). Magothy R., swamp on the N. side in an oak-pine woods 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
982. Pyrola secunda L. Shr.465, B&B.719
(One-sided Pyrola, One-sided Shinleaf, Serrated Wintergreen)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry or moist woods and thickets and bogs" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Charles and Prince George's. Rare." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Sightings: Davidsonville USAF transmitter site by Gary Van Velsir of AACC (Longbottom pc 1991).
117. Ericaceae (Heath Family)
983. Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. 1794. Shr.466; B&B.unlisted
Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia (Aiton) Rehder
[Cassandra chamaedaphne (L.) D. Don. 1834]
(Andromeda calyculata L. 1753)
Presumably, all local plants are var. angustifolia, which is the variety found from Labrador to North Carolina.
(Leatherleaf, Cassandra)
Erect alternate-leaved evergreen native shrub.
Habitat: "Wet bogs" (Gray 1867). "In bogs and swamps" (Britton
1901). "Bogs and pocosins" (Radford et al 1968). "Bogs, ponds" (Stieber 1971). Occurs in distinct zonation, defining borders of peaty bogs and highly acidic ponds.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Eight state occurrences (Heritage 3/15/1996).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994 & 2001: S1 (Highly State Rare), Threatened.
Records: Tidewater swamp near Furnace Creek and Annapolis Road 4/25/1881, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near pond at Furnace Branch (Plitt 4/22/1899). Round Bay (Plitt 4/22/1899). Fresh Pond; C.C.Plitt 9/23/1905; se Sipple 1999, p.356. Glenburnie Bog (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). "A station at Glen Burnie ... has long been known...the writer recently found a much larger colony at Round Bay...Sarracenia and Chamaecyparis also occur Here" (A. V. Smith, 1940). 2 mi. NW of Gibson I. 9/26/1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Marshy head of the Severn 10/24/1951, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent, Md., margin of a fresh pond, 1 m. high 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). One north-county shrub-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. Seven A. A. Co. stations (1976) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979. Severn Run at Dicus Mill Road, near Aurora Hills 6/28/1981, Steven R. Hill 10434 (MARY, VT) (Hill 1988). Eagle Hill Bog 6/28/1981, Steven R. Hill 10451 (MARY, NY, TAES, VT) (Hill 1988). North Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Blackhole Creek Bog (Broersma 1984). Severn Run area below Route 3 on 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Angels Bog 6/10/1992, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993). Angels Bog 6/5/1998 (Sipple 1999, p.374). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Sightings: Jabez Branch: Drum Point R. R. pond; this may be Hill's 1981 station.
Herbaria: US, MARY, TAES, NY, VT. Also US (Stieber 1971).
984. Epigaea repens L. 1753. Shr.467, B&B.262
(Trailing Arbutus)
Native evergreen plant. In low, moss-hugging clumps. Considered woody, but not noticeably.
Habitat: "Sandy woods, or sometimes in rocky soil, especially in the shade of pines" (Gray 1867). "In sandy or rocky woods" (Britton 1901). North-facing mossy slopes in dry acidic woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Stony Run (Plitt 3/31/1899). Round Bay (Plitt 4/8/1899, 4/22/1899). Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point and Hog Island, Higman 105, 567 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (north-facing slopes above Berrys Pond & Ruckers Pond). Whitehall Creek (by Gov. Sharpes Millpond). Marley Branch, on bank s. of old millpond site 3/8/90). Brewer Creek watershed (on bank near road to Sherwood Forest waterworks). Cattail Creek watershed: near Oak Hill Elementary School pond 3/17/90.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
985. Gaultheria procumbens L. 1753. Shr.467, B&B.263
(Wintergreen, Creeping Wintergreen)
Prostrate or low trailing evergreen native plant. Considered woody, but not noticeably. Crushed leaf fragrant.
Habitat: "Cool damp woods, mostly in the shade of evergreens" (Gray 1867). "In woods, especially under evergreen trees" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In acid woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common in portions of Worcester, Wicomico and Anne Arundel Counties and in the Midland Zone, infrequent elsewhere" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie 9/1/1897, L. H. Knowlton (US) (Stieber 1967). Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 4/22/1899). Vicinity Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904). near Glenburnie bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Severn R. at Rt. 50, in moist woods 11/13/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Berry property). Sullivans Cove natural area. Severn Run Environmental Area, above Dicus Mill. Foxwell Road branch of Marley Branch 3/8/90. Martins Pond (Jones property). Lower Gumbottom/Plum Branch 10/15/88. Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
986. Gaylussacia baccata (Wang) K. Koch 1869-72. B&B.264
[Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) Torr. & Gray 1843] Shr.467
(Andromeda baccata Wang. 1787)
(Black Huckleberry)
Low native deciduous shrub. Fruit black, glossy. Leaves thin, dull, oval, acute.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry sandy open woods; flat terrain and terraces.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, small shrub in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 416 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant under chestnut oak canopy, along estuary banks and on Hog Island, Higman 106, 110 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (dry terraces, Rucker property). Whitehall Creek (Gov. Sharpes Millpond). Smithsonian's Hog Island. Severn Run Environmental Area.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
987. Gaylussacia brachycera (Michaux) A. Gray 1846. B&B.264
[Buxella brachycera (Michaux) Small]
(Vaccinium brachycerum Michx. 1803)
(Box Huckleberry)
Low creeping native shrub with thick evergreen leaves resembling box.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867, Britton 1901). "Wooded hills" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Sandy woods" (Radford et al 1968).
Frequency: Rare; only one station has been known in Maryland.
Heritage Rating: 1988: A3 (Close to extinction throughout all or most of range). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Mossy, north-facing wooded slope off Druid Hill Road, below Lake Waterford. Noted by Plitt 7/2/1904, 4/29/1905. "Magothy Park Beach" 1921, 1924, 1938, 1949, 1952, 1961, Anonymous (US) (Stieber 1967). With Clethra, above clay scarp, south of stream, etc. 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). 2/12/1999: station has nearly died out, due to excessive shade; two plants left (Sipple 1999, p.353).
Sightings: East of Severn Run above Dicus Mill: three plants (two from Waterford) planted by Virginia Stibolt on upland site w/sheeplaurel, ca. 1979.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
988. Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & Gray 1848. Shr.467, B&B.266
(Vaccinium dumosum Andr. 1800)
(Dwarf Huckleberry, Bush Huckleberry)
Small native deciduous shrub. Leaves thick, shiny, blunt-tipped.
Habitat: "Sandy low soil" (Gray 1867). "Sandy swamps" (Britton 1901). "In sandy or rocky soil, often in swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy or rocky soil, sometimes in swamps, mostly on the Coastal plain" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Moist to dry, sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Coastal Zone" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Fresh pond 3 mi. NW of Gibson I. 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
989. Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. & Gray 1843. Shr.467, B&B.264
(Vaccinium frondosum L. 1753)
(Dangleberry, Tangleberry)
Native deciduous shrub. Pale blunt leaves.
Habitat: "Low copses" (Gray 1867). "In moist woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and thickets" (Shreve et al 1910). North-facing sandy woods, with G. baccata.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Shadyside, in a swampy woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, along a creek 6/14/1966, Stieber 417 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on Hog Island, Higman 111 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Bog, wetland control, and upland habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog; also at Angels Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Severn Run (uplands above Dicus Mill Road). Smithsonian's Hog Island 6/11/87.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
990. Kalmia angustifolia L. 1753. Shr.466, B&B.257
(Sheeplaurel) Small native evergreen shrub.
Habitat: "In dry thickets" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to wet, nearly sterile soil, barrens, bogs" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Western Shore District of the Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). (No doubt should read Coastal, not Midland).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Deleted. 2001: S3S4.
Records: Glen Burnie, bogs 6/6/1891, "E. C. Waters" (US) (Stieber 1967). Near Glen Burnie (Plitt 5/30/1899). Dry woods near Glenburnie Bog (C. E. Waters 1905). Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/26/1906). Glenburnie, Shreve 268 (Shreve et al 1910). 3 mi. NW of Gibson I., fresh Pond 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Dicus Mill Road near Aurora Hills 6/28/1981, Steven R. Hill 10432 (MARY 047886). Upland and other habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Blackhole Creek Bog (Broersma 1984). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove Pond. Colchester (watertower hill). Forked Creek (near Blue Lake). Indian Creek Branch (south side, midway). Sewell Spring Branch (near lower crossing). Severn Run (above Dicus Mill Road). Pointfield Landing natural area. Near Indian Landing. Picture Spring Branch (opposite Nevamar). Camp Whippoorwill. Between old Arundel Corporation sandpit and railroad tracks, Earleigh Heights. Jackson Grove Road area (Eric See, Dec. 1987). Yantz Creek (wooded point n. of swim club 1/14/89). Cutover woods, Eagle Hill. Near Foxwell Road branch of Marley Branch 3/8/90.
Herbaria: MARY. US (Stieber 1971).
991. Kalmia latifolia L. 1753. Shr.467, B&B.257
(Mountain Laurel) Large native evergreen shrub, rarely a small tree.
Habitat: "Dry forests and clearings, preferring gravel or thin rocky soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rocky or gravelly soil in acid woods" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). Swales and cool, sheltered locations on well-drained acidic woodland soils.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; rare in the southern Eastern Shore, common throughout the remainder of the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Glen Burnie Pond (Plitt 5/30/1899, 5/26/1906). Manresa, 2-3 m. bushes at edge of the road and woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 415 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant along estuary shorelines, especially above tidal channel of Muddy Creek (under mixed hardwood canopy) and on Hog Island, Corn Island, and Fox point (under chestnut oak canopy), Higman 801 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Berry property). Indian Creek Branch. Whitehall Creek (by Gov. Sharpes Millpond).
Smithsonian's Hog Island 6/11/87. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Community College Woods 9/15/90. Woods Landing II at Little Magothy Feb. 1992 (specimens measured to over 20 ft.).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
992. Leucothoe racemosa (L.) A. Gray 1856. Shr.467, B&B.260
(Andromeda racemosa L. 1753)
[Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt. 1843]
(Swamp Leucothoe, Fetterbush) Native shrub.
Habitat: "Moist thickets" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist thickets" (Britton 1901). "Swamps, moist woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Odenton, Shreve 1475 (Shreve et al 1910). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et el 1991).
Sightings: Twin Harbors (in swale behind brick house on Doncaster Road). Forked Creek (near Blue Lake). Sewell Spring Branch (near path crossing). Jabez Branch (KOA property). Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Foxwell Road branch of Marley Branch 3/8/90. Sullivan Cove cedar swamp.
Herbaria: Shreve 1475 may be at MD.
993. Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. 1839. B&B.258
(Vaccinium ligustrinum L. 1753)
[Xolisma ligustrina (L.) Britton 1894] Shr.467
(Andromeda ligustrina Muhl.)
(Maleberry, Privet Andromeda)
Native deciduous shrub. Capsules five-parted, dry, depressed-globose.
Habitat: "Swamps and low thickets" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and wet soil" (Britton 1901). "In swamps, moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet or dry thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904). Shadyside, in a woods 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Uplands at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981). Round Bay Bog, South Grays Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Severn Run below Route 3 on 6/14/1987 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Cattail Creek (below R.R. tracks). Brewer Creek (dam of Sherwood Forest Pond).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
994. Lyonia mariana (L.) D.Don. B&B.258
(Andromeda mariana L. 1753)
[Neopieris mariana (L.) Britton]
[Pieris mariana (L.) Benth. & Hook. 1876] Shr.467
(Staggerbush)
Native deciduous shrub. Capsules five-parted, dry, somewhat conical.
Habitat: "Sandy low places" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and moist forests, prefering sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy or rocky woods" (Radford et al 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: "Along the Patuxent between Anne Arundel and Prince George's Counties" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, P.164).
Records: Near Glen Burnie (Plitt 5/30/1899). Upland at Magothy headwaters 6/27/1987 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Eagle Hill Bog (one old plant below dam, died ca. 1984). Truxtun Park (found by D. H. Williams, extant 8/15/87).
995. Rhododendron nudiflorum (L.) Torr. 1824. B&B.253
(Azalea nudiflora L. 1762) Shr.466
(Pink Azalea)
Early-blooming native deciduous shrub; corolla pink, leaves dull.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rocky or sandy woods" (Brown & Brown 1972). Cool, mossy sections of dry, acidic woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most frequent in the Coastal Zone and Lower Midland District" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Margin of bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; p.185). Waysons Corner, 1 m. shrub in a thicket 5/21/1966, Stieber 413 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on Fox Point and on west slope above upper tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 102, 401 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Lake Waterford 5/6/1983 (Sipple 1993). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Whitehall Creek (near Gov. Sharpes Millpond).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
996. Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. 1824. B&B.255
(Azalea viscosa L. 1753) Shr.466
(Swamp Azalea, White Swamp Azalea, White Swamp-honeysuckle)
Summer-blooming tall slender native shrub; corolla white, leaf glossy.
Habitat: "Swamps, mostly near the coast" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Swampy thickets in sandy areas.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near Glen Burnie (Plitt 5/30/1899). Magothy R., 7.5 mi. from Annapolis 7/9/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, 1 m. shrub, edge of a woods 6/14/1966, Stieber 414 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point, Higman 646 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county wooded-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove (swamp above pond). Litz Lake ravine. Lake Waterford 8/13/88. Lower Plum/Gumbottom Branch 10/15/88. Head of Old Man Creek 6/14/1990 (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
997. Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton 1789. B&B.270
[Vaccinium pennsylvanicum Lam. var. angustifolium (Ait.) Gray]
(Low Sweet Blueberry, Late Low Blueberry)
Low native shrub; fruits ripen June-July (W.Va.); leaf narrow,
toothed.
Habitat: "A high mountain or boreal form" (Gray 1867). "Dry, open, rocky or sandy soil" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958). "Dry, rocky or poor soils and on peaty bogs" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Common in Western Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1972). This has not been confirmed for A.A.Co.
Records: Bog and other habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog, Angels Bog (Whigham 1981).
998. Vaccinium atrococcum (A. Gray) Heller 1894. B&B.274
[Vaccinium corymbosum L. var. atrococcum A. Gray 1856)
(Black Highbush Blueberry)
Large native deciduous shrub. Berries black, no bloom; leaf entire.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet woods" (Britton 1901). "Swamps, low woods and barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Eastern part of state. Common but not abundant" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Churchton, low woods at Cape Ann 4/25/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy R. banks, 2 m. shrub 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
999. Vaccinium corymbosum L. 1753. Shr.467, B&B.272
(Highbush Blueberry, Swamp Blueberry)
Large native deciduous shrub. Berries blue-black, glaucous.
Habitat: "Swamps and low thickets" (Gray 1867). "Acid soils" Petrides 1958). "Swamps, bogs, moist woods; not common in dry uplands" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; most common in the Coastal Zone, frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on south shore of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 845 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One South River wooded-swamp station mapped by Sipple 1978. North Grays Bog, Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984, Sipple 1999, p.370). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Head of Lake Waterford 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Chartwell Branch Cedar Swamp 3/26/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: By drained pond at Oak Hill Elementary School.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1000. Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton 1789. B&B.274
[Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh 1814] Shr.468
(American Cranberry; Large Cranberry)
Native trailing evergreen shrub.
Habitat: "Peat bogs" (Gray 1867). "Open bogs, swamps and wet shores"
(Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "Indigenous in the bogs of the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: "Cypress Swamp near Round Bay...an arm of the Magothy", Plitt 5/28/1904; see Sipple 1999, p.354. Fresh pond 2 mi. NW of Gibson I. 9/26/1950, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna, Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Angels Bog, South Grays Bog (Whigham 1981, Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond - one plant; Ecological Analysts 1983). Angels Bog 6/10/1992, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993). Cypress Creek Savanna 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Sightings: Forked Creek (shrub border of Blue Lake). Angels Bog 9/30/1990 (Longbottom pc). Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1001. Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. B&B.270
(Vaccinium myrtilloides Man.)
(Vaccinium myrtilloides Hook. 1834)
(Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. 1874)
(Vaccinium canadense Kalm)
(Velvetleaf Blueberry, Canada Blueberry, Thin-leaved Bilberry)
Deciduous shrub. Leaves entire, velvety and whitened beneath.
Habitat: "Usually in swamps or wet woods, sometimes on uplands, frequent at high elevations in the mountain counties [of W. Va.]" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: "Known only from the Mountain Zone." (Brown & Brown 1972).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Location probably near Forest Home (Plitt 5/2/1903).
1002. Vaccinium stamineum L. 1753. Shr.468, B&B.268
[Polycodium stamineum (L.) Greene]
(Deerberry, Squaw Huckleberry)
Native deciduous shrub; leaf entire, corolla bell-shaped, fruit greenish, not edible.
Habitat: "Dry woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and thickets" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Waysons Corner, 3-4 dm. shrubby growth in a woods 5/21/1966, Stieber 418 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Java Farm, infrequent along cut banks of old Muddy Creek Road and on upper slopes of Muddy Creek valley, Higman 647, 671 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park, Lake Waterford Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Woods near Crystal Springs Road (off Forest Drive) 5/22/1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1003. Vaccinium vacillans Torr. B&B.272
(Vaccinium vacillans Kalm.) Shr.468
(Vaccinium vacillans Solander)
(Early Low Blueberry)
Low native green-stemmed deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Dry woodlands, especially in sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). Crest of dry, mossy, often north-facing acidic slopes.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones, being most abundant in the latter" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, 2-5 dm. colonial shrub in an open sandy pine-oak woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 419 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant on Fox Point, Higman 1240 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland and other habitats at North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Steep bank of Weems Creek near stadium outfall 4/2/92.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1004. Vaccinium vacillans Torr. var. crinitum Fern. B&B: unlisted.
(Early Low Blueberry) Native shrub.
Records: Manresa, 1-2 m. shrub in a moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 420 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
118. Primulaceae (Primrose Family)
1005. Anagallis arvensis L. 1753. Shr.468, B&B.727
(Scarlet Pimpernel, Common Pimpernel)
Spreading prostrate annual herb with 5-petaled dull brick-red flowers, and opposite leaves. Naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Waste sandy fields" (Gray 1867). "Pastures and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984). "A weed...fields and gardens" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, along grassy roadside 6/5/1966, Stieber 423 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 6/20/1966, Stieber 424 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary by tractor trail to grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 835 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: By sidewalk, Central Services Bldg., State Complex, Annapolis, 6/5/91. Fields, Holly Beach Farm 6/13/1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1006. Lysimachia ciliata L. B&B.727
[Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.] Shr.468
(Fringed Loosestrife) Erect yellow-flowered perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low ground and thickets" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests and meadows" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet soils, or shores, rich woods, or thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1007. Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. B&B.727
[Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.) Gray] Shr.468
(Lance-leaved Loosestrife) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "Dry to moist open woods" (Grimm 1968). "Moist open woods or shores" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: "Anne Arundel County (Baltars & PLM)" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "Annapolis (M. A. Chrysler)" (Shreve et al 1910).
1008. Lysimachia nummularia L. 1753. Shr.468, B&B.727
(Creeping Loosestrife, Moneywort)
Creeping perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers yellow. Leaves opposite, oval.
Habitat: "In ditches and about the margins of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...damp ground and often occurs in ditches or along stream Banks and pond borders...lawn or rock garden" (Fogg 1956). "A weed...usually in damp places in lawns and fields" (Jaques 1959). "Damp roadsides, grasslands and shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, near a wet woods 6/7/1966, Stieber 421 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1009. Lysimachia quadrifolia L. 1753. Shr.468, B&B.725
[Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitch.]
(Whorled Loosestrife, Crosswort)
Native erect perennial herb; yellow flowers. Leaves in whorls of 4.
Habitat: "Moist or sandy soil" (Gray 1867). "In moist or dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Open woodlands and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Armiger 6/9/1924, Ivar Tidestrom 12036 (GH). Patuxent Community Pond, at the edge of the pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 422 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Star Co. tract, infrequent along swampy road past O'Neill Marsh, Higman,1309, 1349 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. GH. LCU (Stieber 1971).
1010. Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP Shr.468, B&B.727
(Swamp Loosestrife, Swamp Candles, Yellow Loosestrife)
Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In swamps and moist thickets" (Britton 1901). "In fresh marshes and about the margins of ponds" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and low wet woods" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Coastal Zone, infrequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley shore (Plitt 6/17/1899). Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Severn Run 6/25/1983 (Sipple 1993). Severn Run above Dicus Mill 6/22/1987 (Sipple 1993). Sawmill Pond 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Forked Creek (Blue Lake bog by D. H. Williams 1986).
1011. Samolus parviflorus Raf. B&B.731
(Samolus floribundus H.B.K.) Shr.468
(Water Pimpernel) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In brackish and fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and brooks, often in brackish soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Deale, a saltmarsh near Mimosa Cove 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). One Magothy brackish-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
119. Plumbaginaceae
(Plumbago or Leadwort Family)
1012. Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britton 1894. Shr.469, B&B.731
(Marsh Rosemary; Sea Lavender)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "On salt meadows" (Britton 1901). "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in flooded parts of salt marshes, Higman 993 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1013. Limonium nashii Small B&B.731
(Nash's Sea Lavender) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Salt marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/U (Regionally rare, Md. status uncertain). 1991: Status uncertain.
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in flooded parts of salt marshes, Higman 212 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1014. Limonium nashii var. trichogonum Blake B&B: unlisted.
(Sea Lavender) Herb.
Habitat: "Saltmarshes" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Churchton, in a saltmarsh at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
120. Ebenaceae (Ebony Family)
1015. Diospyros virginiana L. 1753. Shr.469, B&B.275
(Persimmon)
Slow-growing, native tree, usually straight and slender. Blocky bark, entire leaves.
Habitat: "Woods and old fields" (Gray 1867). "In fields and woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). Strands.
Frequency: "Throughout the Coastal and Midland Zones, absent from the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). South R., along shore 6/11/1966, Stieber 425 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, 10 m. tree at Lyons Creek branch 7/27/1966 & 9/18/1966, Stieber 426 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in old fields, fence rows, and less saline parts of tidal marshes, Higman 116, 158 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Upland or other habitats at Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond). Bay Ridge (Mayo Avenue). Winchester Pond (Bullard property). Swamp at SW corner Boyd Pond (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
121. Oleaceae (Olive Family)
1016. Chionanthus virginica L. 1753. Shr.469, B&B.282
(Fringe Tree; White Fringetree) Small native tree.
Habitat: "Moist sandy floodplains and sandy-loam upland swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sawmill Pond (NE side) 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Lowland east of Route 100 near Jumpers Hole Road intersection 5/18/1990 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Severn Run (floodplain below Lake Marion, with skunk cabbage). Severn Run (roadside of Old Mill Road at Burns Crossing Road). Hog Farm Road. Rays Pond watershed (Harbour Glen tract by Nancy Kelly 1985; this has not been confirmed). Said to occur at Fort Meade.
1017. Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. B&B.286
(Forsythia) Large spreading early-flowering shrub.
Habitat: Layering naturally, and persistent at abandoned homesites.
Records: CBC (Star Co. tract), infrequent in yard of old house, Persistent after cultivation, Higman 1319 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1018. Fraxinus americana L. Shr.469, B&B.278
(White Ash)
Large native tree. Lateral leaflets stalked, glabrous beneath.
Habitat: "In swamps and ravines and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: "Native to the county" (Besley 1917).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Iliff's ravine, and above Ruckers Pond (both tentative identification).
1019. Fraxinus americana var. biltmoreana (Beadle) J. Wright B&B.280
(Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle 1898)
(Biltmore Ash)
Large native tree. Lateral leaflets stalked, quite pubescent beneath.
Habitat: "Moist woodlands" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Records: Java Farm, moderately abundant in canopy along floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek (infrequent along other floodplains in Rhode River watershed), Higman 1043 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1020. Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Shr.469, B&B.280
(Black Ash)
Native tree. Lateral leaflets sessile.
Habitat: "In swamps and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Garrett County" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917). Broome et al 1979 listed one station each in Garrett, Baltimore, and Frederick County.
1021. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Shr.469, B&B.280
(Green Ash, Red Ash)
Native tree. Leaflets stalked, serrate, not whitened beneath.
Habitat: "In flood plains and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
County Occurrence: "Native to county" (Besley 1917).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1022. Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush 1901. B&B: unlisted.
[Fraxinus americana L. profunda Bush 1894]
[Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f.]
(Pumpkin Ash) Tall native tree of southern states.
Habitat: "Deep river swamps often inundated during several months of the year" (Sargent 1922).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Java Farm, solitary in old field near junction of old entrance road and spring house road, Higman 389 (CBC) (As F. tomentosa; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As F. tomentosa; Stieber 1971).
1023. Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. B&B.284
(California Privet) Large semi-evergreen shrub or small spreading tree. Native of Japan, escaping freely.
Habitat: "Escaping to roadsides and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1972). In rich soils near gardens.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
1024. Ligustrum vulgare L. 1753. B&B.284
(Common Privet) Large introduced European shrub.
Habitat: Escape from cultivation.
Records: Java Farm, solitary at main building area, Higman 828 (CBC) (Higman 1977). In deciduous woodland at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1025. Syringa vulgaris L. 1753. B&B.282
(Lilac) Large European shrub.
Habitat: "Persisting around old home sites" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in yard of old house near parking area, persistent after cultivation, Higman 1145 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Garden area at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
122. Loganiaceae (Logania Family)
1026. Polypremum procumbens L. 1753. Shr.469, B&B.733
(Polypremum) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In open fields and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Confined to the southern counties of the Eastern Shore; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Millersville, in an open field 2 mi. south 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Upland forest below Catherine Avenue (Magothy headwaters) 7/28/1991 (Sipple 1993). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
123. Gentianaceae (Gentian Family)
1027. Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. B&B.741
[Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Robinson 1908.
[Centaurella paniculata Michx. 1803]
(Twining Bartonia; Branched Bartonia; Panicled Bartonia; Screw-stem Bartonia)
Native slender erect herb.
Habitat: "Wet sandy woods and swamps" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In wet peaty or sandy places" (Grimm 1968).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S-3 Watchlist.
Records: Wetland control area at Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981).
Sightings: South River (marshy area near Blackwalnut Creek, reported to Heritage program by a professor from Howard University 1985).
1028. Gentiana villosa L. Shr.470, B&B.741
(Striped Gentian, Sampson's Snakeroot) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wooded slopes and stream banks" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Glen Burnie 9/1/1897, F. H. Knowlton (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1029. Obolaria virginica L. 1753. Shr.470, B&B.741
(Pennywort) Low native perennial fleshy herb.
Habitat: "Moist hardwood forests and thickets" (Stieber 1971). "In rich, moist woods and thickets, getting much of its nourishment from the decaying humus" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in mature mixed hardwood forest west of North Fork of Muddy Creek, Higman 653 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1030. Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh 1814. Shr.470, B&B.735
(Chironia angularis L. 1753)
(Rose Sea-pink, Rose Pink, Square-stemmed Sabatia) Native herb.
Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "In open woodlands, thickets, meadows and marshes" (Grimm 1968). "Moist open woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Road embankment N. of Ft. Meade at intersection of Balt-Wash Pkwy. & Rt. 170, 8/8/1966, Stieber 427 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on old road through mixed hardwood forest on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 964 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1031. Sabatia dodecandra (L.) BSP. Shr.470, B&B.735
(Sabatia chloroides Pursh)
(Large Marsh-pink, Large Sea-pink) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In brackish and fresh marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "On the sandy borders of pools and in brackish or salt marshes" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Old Furnace inlet (Plitt 8/5/1899). Shore at Marley bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899).
1032. Sabatia stellaris Pursh 1814. Shr.470, B&B.735
(Little Sea-pink, Marsh Pink) Native much-branched herb.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sherwood Forest in a marsh 8/16/1930, G. M. & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, in a saltmarsh of Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Two county brackish marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
124. Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family)
1033. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Shr.470, B&B.746
(Spreading Dogbane)
Native perennial branching herb. Ht. 1-4 ft. Flowers pink, leaves opposite.
Habitat: "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed. In dry, sandy soil along roadsides and in fields" (Jaques 1959). "In dry, open woods, thickets, and fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity of Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904).
1034. Apocynum cannabinum L. 1753. Shr,470, B&B.746
(Indian Hemp, Dogbane)
Tough-stemmed native perennial branching herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. Leaves opposite. Leaves greenish-white.
Habitat: "In open dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Open dry ground, thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Shadyside, in open meadow near the bay July 1913, Wm. R. Maxon (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 5/2/1966, Stieber 428a (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 232 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Davidsonville USAF transmitter station (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1035. Apocynum cannabinum var. glabberimum A. DC. B&B: unlisted.
Records: Patuxent River near Rt. 50, moist woods, sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 428b (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU.
1036. Apocynum medium Greene 1897. B&B.746
(Intermediate Dogbane).
"A highly variable species; probably a hybrid" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Habitat: "Open dry or moist ground, rocky shores, etc." (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Fields and hillsides" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Woods and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
1037. Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.) A. Gray 1878. B&B: unlisted.
(Echites difformis Walt. 1788)
(Climbing Dogbane) Native high-climbing woody vine.
Habitat: "In moist woods and along streams" (Britton 1901). Delaware to Florida and westward.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/X (Highly State Rare, not reported since at least 1950.) 1991: Endangered.
Records: Reported 1943 from a site thought to have been near the beach at Land's End, Annapolis Roads. Bay Ridge 10/17/1943, P. L. Richter (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1038. Vinca major L. B&B.742
(Large Periwinkle)
European trailing evergreen vine. Leaves opposite, > 2 cm wide.
Habitat: Persistent from old plantings.
Frequency: Much less common than V. minor.
Sightings: Truxtun Park (edge of woods west of Hesselius cemetery).
1039. Vinca minor L. 1753. B&B.744
(Common Periwinkle, Small Periwinkle, Myrtle)
Trailing evergreen vine, leaves < 1.5 cm wide. Introduced from southern Europe.
Habitat: "Escaped from gardens" (Britton 1901). "A weed...frequently escapes or persists from cultivation" (Jaques 1959). Moist woods, old homesites. Apparently spreading vegetatively only.
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Garden area at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Truxtun Park. Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Woods).
1040. Vinca minor var. alba West B&B: unlisted.
(White-flowered Periwinkle) Trailing evergreen herb.
Frequency: Plantings uncommon; seen at Ladew Gardens, Balto. Co. Only one A. A. County station known.
Sightings: Frequent in old-field yellow poplar woods east of junction of Arnold Road and railroad r/w.
125. Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family)
1041. Asclepias amplexicaulis J. E. Smith 1797. B&B.752
(Blunt-leaved Milkweed) Tall unbranched herb.
Habitat: "In dry fields, mostly in sandy soil" (Britton 1901).
Records: Vicinity of Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904).
Sightings: Vicinity of Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1042. Asclepias incarnata L. 1753. Shr.471, B&B.750
(Swamp Milkweed)
Native branched 2-4 ft. perennial herb. Corolla pink or rose-purple.
Habitat: "A weed...in damp places" (Jaques 1959). "Swamps, wet thickets and shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Back Bay near Annapolis" (Back Bay is a 1920's community on Chalk Point Road, on West River; Back Creek adjoins Annapolis) 7/29/1923, Ivar Tidestrom 11470 (GH). Severna, a beach swamp 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, sandy clay area 7/21/1966, Stieber 429 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Eight county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: GH. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1043. Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. 1805. B&B.750
(Asclepias pulchra Ehrh. 1798) Shr.471
(Hairy Milkweed) Native branched perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist fields and swamps" (Britton 1901).
Records: W. of Friendship, Md., along a RR track 8/18/1966, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 268 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1044. Asclepias syriaca L. 1753. Shr.471, B&B.752
(Common Milkweed)
Tall (2.5-5 ft.) unbranched native perennial herb. Flowers greenish purple to greenish white.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "Cultivated and waste ground" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...roadsides, fields, meadows, and waste places" (Fogg 1956). "In dry fields, thickets, and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common. (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 424 at Rt. 50, large stands in grassy area 7/27/1966 &
10/29/1966, Stieber 430 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 359, 825 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1045. Asclepias tuberosa L. 1753. Shr.471, B&B.748
(Butterfly Weed)
Orange-flowered erect native perennial herb. Leaves not opposite. Juice not milky.
Habitat: "A weed" (Fogg 1956). "In dry fields, on rocky open slopes, and along the roadside" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Seldom encountered locally.
Records: Evergreen Road off Rt. 3, edge of a grassy field 7/1/1966, Stieber 432 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy Roadside 7/27/1966 & 8/6/1966, Stieber 431 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). CBC (Steinlein Farm), infrequent in old fields (also infrequent in vacant lots near Edgewater, South River watershed) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Railroad r/w at Arnold Road, station now destroyed. Truxtun Park (one plant, by path to bare ridge).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
1046. Asclepias variegata L. 1753. Shr.471, B&B.752
(White Milkweed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, sandy clay near a field 8/12/1966, Stieber 433 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1047. Asclepias verticillata L. 1753. Shr.471, B&B.752
(Whorled Milkweed)
Erect native perennial herb. Juice milky, leaves opposite. Corolla greenish-white.
Habitat: "Dry hills" (Gray 1867). "In open dry situations" (Shreve 1910). "A weed...along roadsides and in pastures, mostly in dry ground" (Jaques 1959). "In dry fields and woods" (Strausbaugh & Core 1958).
Frequency: Throughout the state, infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State Declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S-3 (Watchlist).
County Occurrence: Historically known from Anne Arundel and eight other Md. counties; declining due to development of open habitat, and no longer known from Anne Arundel (Riefner & Hill 1983).
Records: Between Stony Run and Glen Burnie (Plitt 8/9/1899).
1048. Asclepias viridiflora Raf. 1808 B&B.752
[Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton 1829] Shr.472
(Green Milkweed) Native perennial herb. Green flowers.
Habitat: "In dry sandy or rocky soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry upland woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent in Piedmont & Midland, occasionally southward on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: As Acerates viridiflora: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US.
ADD: Matelea sp.
Records: Java Farm, solitary along old entrance road near small stream; only found once, Higman 1364 (CBC) (As Gonolobus sp.; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1049. Matelea carolinensis (Jacq.) Woodson B&B.754
[Vincetoxicum carolinense (Jacq.) Britton 1894]
[Gonolobus carolinensis (Jacq.) Schult.]
[Gonolobus carolinensis (Jacq.) R. Br. 1820]
[Odontostephans carolinensis (Jacq.) Small]
(Cynanchum carolinense Jacq. 1788)
(Carolina Angle-pod)
Native perennial herbaceous twining vine.
Habitat: "Rich woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (The Capital newspaper 7/22/89; also Mason et al 1991). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1050. Matelea obliqua (Jacq.) Woodson B&B.754
[Vincetoxicum obliquum (Jacq.) Britton 1894]
[Gonolobus obliquus (Jacq.) Schultes]
[Gonolobus obliquus (Jacq.) R. Br. 1820]
(Cynanchum obliquum Jacq. 1786)
(Cynanchum hirtum L. 1753)
(Large-flowered Angle-pod)
Native perennial twining herbaceous vine.
Habitat: "In rather dry but rich thickets, woods borders, and on rocky slopes" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare; Allegany County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
126. Convolvulaceae (Morning-Glory Family)
1051. Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. B&B.758
(Convolvulus sepium L. 1753).
(Hedge Bindweed)
Native perennial trailing or high-twining herb.
Habitat: "In fields and thickets, usually in moist soil" (Britton 1901). "In fields, thickets, waste places, and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Records: No locale 5/29/1878, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Shore of the Severn above Valentine Creek 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, twining on Polygonum spp. near river shore 6/27/1966, Stieber 437 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on mud flat by salt marsh at southwest shore of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 814, 969 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Eight county strand stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1052. Convolvulus arvensis L. 1753. Shr.472, B&B.760
(Small Bindweed, Field Bindweed)
Naturalized from Europe. Perennial trailing herb.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...fields and cultivated land" (Jaques 1959). "A troublesome weed in cultivated fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South R. at Rt. 50, on shrubs 6/11/1966, Stieber 435 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, twining on rocks in sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 436 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Persistent weed in juniper beds, State Complex, Annapolis, 1995.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1053. Cuscuta compacta Juss. 1841. Shr.472, B&B.764
(Compact Dodder) Native annual parasitic twining herb.
Habitat: "On many species of coarse herbs and some shrubs, in low woods or thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "In D.C. area; frequent on the Eastern Shore" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy R., marsh at the head, twining on shrubs up to 2 m. high 8/18/1960, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1054. Cuscuta coryli Engelm. B&B.761
(Cuscuta inflexa Engelm.)
(Hazel Dodder) Native annual parasitic twining herb.
Habitat: "Prairies and barrens, in rather dry soil, on hazel, Ceanothus, and other shrubs or herbs" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Rare; one collection in Queen Anne County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2/X (Highly state rare, no records since before 1950, believed extirpated in Md.) 1991: Endangered Extirpated. 1994: SH, X (Endangered Extirpated).
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
1055. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. 1820. Shr.472, B&B.761
(Common Dodder, Swamp Dodder, Strangleweed)
Native annual parasitic twining herb.
Habitat: "Low damp grounds, especially in shady places...chiefly on coarser herbs and low shrubs" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910). "Our most common species" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent on Iva frutescens, etc. in salt marshes, Higman 62 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Pond, by Williams 9/7/86 & 9/24/88).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1056. Cuscuta indecora Choisy B&B.761
[Cuscuta decora (Choisy) Engelm.]
(Large-seeded Alfalfa Dodder)
Native parasitic annual twining herb.
Habitat: "Wet prairies, on various herbs and shrubs" (Gray 1867). A weed (Jaques 1959).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/U (Regionally Rare, uncertain status in Md.). 1991: Highly Rare. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare).
County Occurrence: Reported from A. A. County by Baltars (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Cove of Cork sandbar (1986 by D. H. Williams).
1057. Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. B&B.761
(Five-angled Dodder, Field Dodder)
Native parasitic annual twining herb. Stems pale yellow.
Habitat: A weed (Jaques 1959). "On various herbs and shrubs, mostly on dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist. 1994: S3 (Watchlist).
Records: Sherwood Forest marsh 8/16/1930, G. M. & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Deale, at Mimosa Cove 7/10/1949, R. C. Simpson (US) (Stieber 1967). Dorrs Corner, side of the road 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church on Trifolium spp. 7/27/1966, Stieber 438 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1058. Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. Shr.472, B&B.761
(Cuscuta chlorocarpa Engelm.)
(Smartweed Dodder) Parasitic annual twining herb.
Habitat: "Low grounds, on Polygonum and other herbs" (Gray 1867).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Throughout Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 (Highly State Rare), Endangered.
Records: Little Patuxent Laurel Oxbow; see Md. Nature Conservancy newsletter, Fall 1989, p.3.
1059. Ipomoea coccinea L. 1753. B&B.756
(Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench 1794 Shr.472
(Small Red Morning Glory)
Annual twining or trailing vine naturalized from tropical America.
Habitat: "Along river-banks and in waste places" (Britton 1901). "In thickets and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: CBC (Stevens farm), infrequent along tractor trail through corn fields, Higman 1379 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near Ruckers Pond 9/24/1988; Lot 704 summer 2002).
Herbaria: CBC.
1060. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. 1781. Shr.472, B&B.756
(Ivy-leaved Morning Glory)
Annual twining herb naturalized from tropical America. Leaves three-lobed. Flowers blue to purple, plus white.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...gardens and fields" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church in a field 8/12/1966 & 9/16/1966, Stieber 434 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in corn fields, Higman 999, 1007, 1016 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1061. Ipomoea lacunosa L. Shr.472, B&B.758
(Small-flowered Morning Glory, Small-flowered White Morning Glory)
Native slender annual herbaceous twining vine.
Habitat: "In dry fields and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "River-banks and low grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In damp or dry fields and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Widely frequent except on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Pine Drive & Beechwood Road, Pasadena, Longbottom 409 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
1062. Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Meyer 1818. B&B.758
[Convolvulus panduratus L. 1753]
(Wild Sweet-potato Vine, Man-of-the-Earth)
Native perennial trailing or climbing herb.
Habitat: "Sandy fields and banks" (Gray 1867). "In dry fields, thickets, and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968). "Dry soil, fields and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Waysons Corner, gravelly bank of the Patuxent R. 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in plowed field at Cheston Peninsula, Higman 1028 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1063. Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Shr.472, B&B.756
[Convolvulus purpureus L.]
(Common Morning Glory)
Annual trailing or twining herb adventive or naturalized from tropical America. Flowers purple, leaves heart-shaped.
Habitat: "In waste places, commonly escaped from gardens" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...gardens, fields, and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides, waste places, and field borders" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along unshaded roadsides, and in corn fields at Ivy Neck, Higman 1021, 1064 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1064. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. 1753 Shr.473, B&B.770
(Virginia Waterleaf)
Native perennial herb, 1-2 feet. Leaves in 5-7 pinnate parts. Flowers in white to purple terminal clusters.
Habitat: "Damp woods" (Gray 1867). "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests and flood plains" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich, moist woodlands" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in Midland and Mountain Zones; less common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Old Forge Bridge (Longbottom 1993).
127. Boraginaceae (Borage Family)
1065. Cynoglossum officinale L. 1753. Shr.473, B&B.784
(Common Hound's Tongue)
Erect biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Deep red or red-purple flowers in racemes.
Habitat: "Waste grounds and pastures" (Gray 1867). "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...pastures and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Dry forests and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1066. Cynoglossum virginianum L. 1753. B&B.784
[Cynoglossum virginicum L.] Shr.474
(Wild Comfrey, Beggar's Lice)
Native erect unbranched perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Gray 1867). "Open deciduous woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In rather rich open woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968). "Upland woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, infrequent in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in mature mixed hardwood forest south of old entrance road, Higman 666 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1067. Echium vulgare L. 1753. Shr.474, B&B.777
(Viper's Bugloss, Blueweed, Blue Devil, Blue Thistle)
Erect biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 12-30 in. Bright blue flowers.
Habitat: "Roadsides and meadows" (Gray 1867). "In fields and waste places, preferring thin soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...dry gravelly or shaly hill-slopes" (Fogg 1956). "A weed...dry sandy or stony soil" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "More or less plentiful on the truck farms of Anne Arundel County" (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910, p.192).
Records: Waysons Corner on a gravelly roadbank 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church in an open weedy field 6/27/1966 & 10/2/1966, Stieber 439 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1068. Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnston B&B.784
[Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene 1891] Shr.474
(Myosotis verna Nutt.)
(Virginia Stickseed) Native biennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry hills" (Gray 1867). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Woods, thickets, and waysides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Rich, moist or dry woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in small stream valley south of pier, near slave cemetery, in dense shade, Higman 674 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1069. Lithospermum arvense L. Shr.474, B&B.779
(Corn Gromwell)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In waste places and fields" (Britton 1901). "Sandy fields and roadsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...corn and grain fields...neglected fields and meadows [and] gardens, especially those on light or sandy soil" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Edwin Raynor Blvd. & Magothy Bridge Road 6/8/90, Longbottom 676 (AACC).
Sightings: Along bank behind Pigeon House Inn at NE corner Rts. 450 & 3 (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: AACC.
1070. Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. B&B.786
[Mertensia virginica (L.) DC 1846]. Shr.474
[Mertensia virginica (L.) Link.]
[Pulmonaria virginica L. 1753]
(Virginia Bluebells, Virginia Cowslip)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Alluvial banks" (Gray 1867). "In low meadows and along streams" (Britton 1901). "Moist forests, being most abundant in the flood plains of smaller streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich moist woods, on rocky slopes, or along streams" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910, p. 474). "Absent from the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910, pp. 73-75). The Patuxent is host to a number of species which have migrated from the Midland via the river; Mertensia is unlikely to occur elsewhere in the county.
Records: Bluebell Meadow Island (island located at Priest Bridge at the
point where Md. Route 3 crosses Patuxent River); see Catalog of Natural Areas in Maryland (Maryland State Planning Department 1968).
Sightings: (1.) One clump at the head of a wooded swale by a path at Truxtun Park 4/12/90. Other non-typical plants occur here; all appear to have been introduced by some wildflower enthusiast. Specimens transplanted from the Patuxent have become naturalized on a south-facing slope under large tuliptrees gardened by Mrs. Carl Ortman, Rt. 648 & Old Frederick Road, Arnold 4/22/1996.
(3.) Fort Meade: near Little Patuxent at Forge Bridge April 1992
(Longbottom pc 1992).
1071. Myosotis laxa Lehm. 1818. Shr.474, B&B.781
(Smaller Forget-Me-Not)
Low spreading native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In wet muddy places" (Britton 1901). "In water and wet ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In wet shaded or open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Leon, Shreve 1554 (Shreve et al 1910); presumably collected 6/16/1907, as were 1548 & 1552. Manresa, in a moist meadow, shaded at the edge of a woods 5/5/1966, Stieber 440 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: Shreve's #1554 may be at MD, as is #1552 (Dryopteris cristata). LCU (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker’s swamp near spillway at county road) 5/27/2002.
1072. Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. B&B.781
(Large-seeded Forget-me-not, Big-seed Scorpion Grass, Southern Scorpion-grass)
Low annual herb. Corolla white.
Habitat: "Rich, moist woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). "On the Coastal Plain...often associated with calcareous fossiliferous shell or marl deposits" (Riefner & Hill 1984).
Frequency: "D.C. to Fla., Ky., Ark. & Tex." (Britton 1901). "Md. to s. Ind. & Mo., s. to Fla. & Tex." (Gleason & Cronquist 1991). "Uncommon; W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly State Rare. 1991: Threatened.
Stations: Smithsonian property (See 1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1073. Myosotis stricta Link B&B.781
[Myosotis micrantha Pallas. 1817]
(Blue Scorpion-grass)
Annual or biennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Roadsides, old fields, etc." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
County Occurrence: Reported from Anne Arundel County by Baltars (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: A. A. Co. Community College; in rough turf at base of silo by Williams 4/12/90.
1074. Myosotis verna Nutt. 1818. B&B.781
[Myosotis virginica (L.) BSP 1888] Shr.474
(Lycopsis virginica L. 1753)
(Spring Forget-me-not, Early Scorpion-grass, Spring Scorpion-grass)
Annual or biennial erect native herb.
Habitat: "Dry banks and rocky woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent Midland; infrequent Coastal Plain (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Shadyside, edge of an open woods 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1085 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
128. Verbenaceae (Vervain Family)
1075. Lippia lanceolata Michx. 1803. Shr.475, B&B.790
[Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene]
(Green Fog-fruit)
Native perennial slender trailing herb.
Habitat: "In wet places and on stream banks" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; abundant in the Coastal Zone in fresh marshes, and in the Midland Zone in the low flood plains of the larger streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: One county fresh-marsh station mapped by Sipple 1978.
1076. Verbena hastata L. 1753. Shr.474, B&B.787
(Blue Vervain, Blue Verbena)
Tall erect native perennial herb. Flowers purplish-blue. Stem four-sided, 3-7 ft. tall.
Habitat: "A weed...low, poorly drained ground" (Fogg 1956). "In moist fields, meadows, and along streams" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area, edge of a woods 7/21/1966, Stieber 442 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a field 8/12/1966 & 10/2/1966, Stieber 441 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in clump of trees in Hog Island salt marsh, Higman 305 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1077. Verbena scabra Vahl. B&B.787
(Rough Vervain, Harsh Vervain)
Erect annual or perennial herb.
Habitat: "Marshes and swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a moist woods 8/8/1966, Stieber 443 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in mixed hardwood forest along old entrance road, Higman 897 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1078. Verbena simplex Lehm. B&B.787
(Verbena angustifolia Michx. 1803) Shr.474
(Narrow-leaved Vervain) Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry fields" (Britton 1901). "Dry or sandy soils; in woods, fields and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common, particularly in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 815 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1079. Verbena urticifolia L. 1753. Shr.474, B&B.787
(White Vervain, White Verbena)
Erect branching native perennial herb. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...thickets and woodland borders...roadsides, meadows, fields, and waste places" (Fogg 1956). "In fields, thickets, and the borders of woods" (Grimm 1968). "Rich soils; waste places, fields and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at western end of main building area, Higman 4 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
129. Labiatae (Mint Family)
1080. Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze 1891. Shr.475, B&B.801
(Hyssopus nepetoides L. 1753)
(Yellow Giant Hyssop)
Tall erect branching native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "Waste places and roadsides" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich soils, mostly under shade" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on north slope above small stream which enters Fox Creek estuary, Higman 1040 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station overlooking a small stream which drains into the Fox Creek estuary, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1081. Collinsonia canadensis L. 1753. Shr.478, B&B.831
(Richweed, Horse-balm, Citronella)
Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich moist woods" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Cool rich ravine bottoms.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in mature mixed hardwood forest south of old entrance road, Higman 1206 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station in mature forest of Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek Watershed (Berry, Iliff, property; also two plants near dam, Ruckers Pond 8/5/2000). Truxtun Park swale. Martins Pond ravine.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1082. Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton. Shr.477, B&B.824
(Common Dittany) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Usually in dry, poor woodland soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rare on Eastern Shore, common elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
1083. Glechoma hederacea L. Shr.476, B&B.801
(Nepeta hederacea Trevisan)
(Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-Ground)
Creeping perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Corolla 12-22mm. long, pale purple.
Habitat: "Damp or shady ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...often thickly matted in damp shaded places" (Jaques 1959). "In moist woods, thickets, yards, waste places and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property)
1084. Glechoma hederacea var. micrantha Moricand B&B.801
(Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-Ground)
This is a smaller variety; flowers 10-15 mm. long.
Habitat: Rich moist soil; shaded or open areas, lawns, barnyards, waste places.
Records: Java Farm, locally abundant on gravel fill of Old Muddy Creek Road, near southern entrance gate, Higman 566 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1085. Lamium amplexicaule L. 1753. Shr.476, B&B.805
(Henbit)
Naturalized from Europe. Low annual or winter annual herb with small reddish-purple flowers. Leaves orbicular. Blooms early.
Habitat: "A weed...in gardens and rich waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, lawns and waste places" (Grimm 1968). Gardens, waste places, and lawns" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). A very common weed of turf and garden.
Records: Manresa, in fields commonly 5/5/1966, Stieber 448 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent around parking area at main buildings; Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in corn fields and near old barn; Higman 553 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: College Creek watershed (In turf, State Capitol complex
3/15/89).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1086. Lamium galeobdolon Crantz. B&B: Unlisted.
(Galeobdolon luteum Huds.)
This taxon is not included in most manuals.
(Yellow Archangel)
Perennial herb to 1.5 ft.; native of Europe & western Asia. Flowers bright yellow, in dense axilliary whorls.
Habitat: "In woods and shady places in Europe" (Bentham & Hooker VII 1924).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1993).
1087. Lamium purpureum L. 1753. B&B.805
(Purple Dead-nettle, Red Dead-nettle).
4-12" annual herb naturalized or adventive from Europe. Light purple flowers. Blooms early.
Habitat: "Waste places, fields, and woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Rich, moist soil; fields, roadsides and cultivated areas.
Frequency: Locally abundant. A weed (Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Records: Java Farm, solitary beside Old Muddy Creek Road, on top of stream culvert below southern entrance gate, opposite stream wier, Higman 565 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station along Muddy Creek Road" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: College Creek watershed: (State Capitol complex 3/15/89).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1088. Leonurus cardiaca L. 1753. Shr.476, B&B.807
(Common Motherwort)
Tall (2-5 ft.) erect perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Small pink or purple flowers clustered in axils.
Habitat: "A weed...common in fields, roadsides and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Around barnyards and in waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; locally abundant" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). CBC (Steinlein farm), moderately abundant at entrance of old barn; collected & identified by Dennis Whigham; Higman 1401 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1089. Lycopus americanus Muhl. 1815 Shr.477, B&B.826
(Lycopus sinuatus Ell. 1817)
(Lycopus europaeus L. var. sinuatus A. Gray 1867)
(Lycopus exaltatus Ell.)
(Cut-leaved Water-hoarhound, American Water-hoarhound)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet grounds" (Gray 1867). "In wet soil" (Britton 1901). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patapsco River at Stony Creek 9/6/1972 (Sipple 1993). Smithsonian property (1993 CBC herbarium index).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1090. Lycopus europaeus L. 1753. B&B.826
(Marsh Hoarhound)
Perennial branching herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "Becoming established in waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary at margin of "fresh" cut-off pond below Sand Point, Higman 1232 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station, pond edge at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1091. Lycopus rubellus Moench. Shr.477, B&B.826
(Stalked Water-horehound) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist soil, usually in shade" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Frequency: "Infrequent Eastern Shore, common elsewhere" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1092. Lycopus uniflorus Michx. 1803. B&B.826
(Northern Bugleweed, One-flowered Bugleweed)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Low ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Frequency: "In W-B area and mountains; infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Severna beach, in a marsh 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1093. Lycopus virginicus L. 1753. Shr.477, B&B.824
(Virginia Bugleweed, Water Horehound)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Fresh marshes, swamps, and other wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist, usually rich soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn River, near a bridge at the head of the river 8/18/1960, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Mt. Carmel, margin of a pond 8/18/1960, Neil Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, moist soil at the edge of a woods 9/23/1966, Stieber 451 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, upstream from old entrance road; also infrequent in fresh part of Fox Creek tidal marsh; Higman 977, 1209
(CBC) (Higman 1977). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1094. Mentha arvensis L. B&B.831
(American Wild Mint, Corn Mint)
"A highly variable species, native in part; also represented by the European types escaping from cultivation" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Habitat: "Damp rich soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Sometimes act as weeds" (Jaques 1959). "In woods, thickets and fields" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare; Cecil County and W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
1095. Mentha spicata L. 1753. Shr.477, B&B.828
(Spearmint)
Erect perennial herb naturalized from Europe. 12-18 in. tall. Spreads vegetatively.
Habitat: "In moist fields or waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...an escape from cultivation" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, moderately abundant along road to Colhoun's hog pond, near source of Cheston Creek, Higman 1026 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1096. Monarda fistulosa L. Shr.476, B&B.814
(Wild Bergamot)
Erect native herb. Ht. 2-3 ft. Flowers pink or purplish.
Habitat: "In open forests and waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...dry hillsides and in pastures" (Jaques 1959). "Dry fields, thickets and woodland borders" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Tentative identification: between Indian Landing Road and Arlington Echo Road.
1097. Monarda punctata L. 1753. Shr.476, B&B.814
(Horsemint, Dotted Monarda) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry soils, mostly in old fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; being frequent in the Coastal Zone; frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones in moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South River at Porter Point, sandy soil of a saltmarsh 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sand 8/6/1966, Stieber 449 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Along north side of Bayard Road, Lothian, on sandy vacant lots west of Adams Church (Patuxent River watershed), Higman 1406 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Uplands, Lake Waterford watershed 8/26/1989 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1098. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton 1894 Shr.478, B&B.831
(Perilla ocimoides L. 1764)
(Ocimum frutescens L. 1753)
(Beefsteak-plant) Erect annual herb. Native of India.
Habitat: "In waste places, escaped from gardens" (Britton 1901). "Barnyards, roadsides, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 452 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a cornfield 9/16/1966, Stieber 453 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance Road; Ivy Neck, solitary by road to Colhoun's hog pond; Higman 1031, 1961 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers ravine Sept. 1987). Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1099. Prunella vulgaris L. 1753. Shr.476, B&B.803
(Heal-all, Common Self-heal)
Perennial herb. Native or naturalized from Europe. Flowers violet-purple.
Habitat: "Woods and fields" (Gray 1867). "In fields, woods and waste Places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...pastures, meadows, and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 446 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 10/3/1966, Stieber 447 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along roads, Higman 20, 118 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near dam at Ruckers Pond 7/28/2002).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1100. Prunella vulgaris L. - "white flowered variety".
Records: Herald Harbor, shaded roadside 8/16/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
1101. Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt) BSP 1888. B&B.821
[Koellia flexuosa (Walt.) MacM. 1892] Shr.477
[Origanum flexuosum Walt. 1788]
(Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint, Basil)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In fields and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In open dry situations and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry soils of fields and woods; also in bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Churchton, dry open woods at Cape Ann 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in first old field east of junction of old entrance road and Fox Point Road, Higman 364 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1102. Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. B&B.822
Moderately tall branched perennial herb.
Habitat: "Upland woods" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963). "Dry upland woods and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Records: Upland forest near Magothy headwaters below Catherine Avenue 7/28/1991 (Sipple 1993).
1103. Pycnanthemum setosum Nutt. B&B.821
(Awned Mountain-mint) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In marshes and dry or moist woods, especially pine woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State Rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1104. Salvia lyrata L. 1753. Shr.476, B&B.812
(Cancerweed, Lyre-leaved Sage)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Woodlands and meadows" (Gray 1867). "In dry, mostly sandy woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "Sandy woods and barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In rather dry but rich open woods, pinelands, and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, frequent in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). "Mature forest at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). Java farm, solitary along old entrance road, near brick pump-house, in dense shade, Higman 819 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Between Pointfield Landing marina and Bear Branch 5/16/1992.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971)
1105. Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch B&B.818
(Clinopodium vulgare L. 1753) Shr.477
(Wild Basil, Calamint) Erect native herb.
Habitat: "Woods, thickets, and alluvial banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...woods and thickets...on roadsides, in old fields, meadows and pastures, [and] along the borders of woods, in both moist and dry ground" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/20/1966 & 8/8/1966, Stieber 450 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1106. Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. B&B.797
(Scutellaria pilosa Michx. 1803 Shr.475
(Hairy Skullcap) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy woods and thickets" (Britton 1901).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent in mixed hardwood forest of west-central Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1093 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1107. Scutellaria integrifolia L. 1753. Shr.475, B&B.797
(Larger Skullcap, Rough Skullcap, Hyssop-leaved Skullcap)
Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In fields, woods and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry open situations and forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open woods, thickets, and clearings" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; particularly abundant in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Oak Grove near Deale, in a dry field 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on south slope of old orchard, above Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, infrequent in mixed hardwood forest of west-central Scaffold Peninsula; Higman 545, 849 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1108. Scutellaria laterifolia L. 1753. Shr.475, B&B.797
(Blue Skullcap, Mad-dog Skullcap) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Wet shaded places" (Gray 1867). "Moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R., shore of the river 10/23/21, E. C. Leonard & E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, pond edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 445 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in fresh marsh at apex of "western triangle", Higman 405 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/4/1988 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1109. Scutellaria serrata Andrews B&B.797
(Showy Skullcap) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "In rather dry but rich open woods, thickets and clearings" (Grimm 1968). "Rich upland woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare; W-B area and along the Susquehanna" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
1110. Stachys clingmanii Small B&B.811
(Clingman's Hedge-nettle) Perennial herb.
Habitat: " Moist woods and wet areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1/U (Regionally rare; Md. data incomplete.) 1991: Status uncertain.
County Occurrence: One A. A. Co. station (1966) noted by Broome et al 1979.
1111. Stachys palustris L. 1753. B&B.809
(Marsh Hedge-nettle, Woundwort)
Erect perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In moist soil" (Britton 1901).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in salt marsh north of pier, at boundary, Higman 216 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station in a saltmarsh at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1112. Teucrium canadense L. 1753. Shr.475, B&B.794
(American Germander, Canada Germander, American Wood-sage)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry forests and fields" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich low ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist woods, thickets and marshes" (Grimm 1968).
Records: Beach of the Severn River, above the mouth of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on new entrance road, Higman 918 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1113. Thymus serpyllum L. B&B.820
(Wild Thyme) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In thickets, woods and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "Rarely escaped to woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Considered a waif in the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Garden area at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1114. Trichostema dichotomum L. 1753. Shr.475, B&B.794
(Bluecurls, Bastard Pennyroyal)
Erect native annual herb.
Habitat: "In dry sandy open woods, fields, and on slopes" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie 9/1/1897, F. H. Knowlton (US) (Stieber 1967). Glen Burnie 1899 Plitt (Sipple 1999, p.338). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy soil 9/2/1966 & 9/23/1966, Stieber 444 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields north of Fox Point Road, near young Virginia pine stands, Higman 378, 462 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Pine patch adjacent to Catherine Avenue 7/31/1989 (Sipple 1993). Pitch pine area between Route 100 & Mountain Road 8/11/1989 (Sipple 1993). Upland, Lake Waterford watershed below Route 2 on 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Upland at Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 9/7/1991 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1115. Trichostema setaceum Houtt. B&B.794
(Trichostema lineare Walt.)
(Trichostema lineare Nutt. 1818)
(Trichostema brachiatum Lam. 1808)
(Narrow-leaved Bluecurls) Erect native herb.
Habitat: "In sandy fields and dry pine barrens" (Britton 1901).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Highly Rare.
Records: Glen Burnie 9/1/1897, F. H. Knowlton (US) (Stieber 1967).
"The Glen Burnie site...has probably been destroyed by suburban development" (Riefner & Hill 1983).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
130. Solanaceae (Potato Family, Nightshade Family)
1116. Datura stramonium L. 1753. Shr.478, B&B.841
(Jimsonweed)
Stout wide-branched annual herb. Spiny pods, poisonous seeds. Native of Asia; naturalized. Large white to violet flowers.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed" Fogg 1956, Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, trash pile near main building area; Ivy Neck, infrequent near corn field and old barn south of Colhoun's hog pond; Higman 501, 1008 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Kinder Park 5/14/88. Common in soybean fields at Holly Beach Farm. Disturbed earth below State parking lot near College Creek bridge 1990.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1117. Physalis heterophylla Nees 1831 Shr.478, B&B.837
(Clammy Ground-cherry)
Perennial herb, 1-3 ft., stems branching, sticky-hairy. Berry yellow.
Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Chiefly in sandy or alluvial soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In rich soil, especially where the surface has been disturbed" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open woods, cultivated fields, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: (CBC (CBC 1993).
1118. Physalis pubescens L. 1753. B&B.837
(Low Hairy Ground-cherry) Native annual spreading herb.
Habitat: "In sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "Dry woods and openings" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
1119. Physalis subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush 1902. B&B.839
(Physalis philadelphica Man.)
(Smooth Ground-cherry)
Wide-branching native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Meadows, fields and waste places, either in moist or dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "A weed" (Fogg 1956).
Records: Near Round Bay (Plitt 7/29/1899). Java Farm, solitary along new entrance road, near culvert of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 1034, 1181 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1120. Physalis virginiana Mill. 1768. Shr.478, B&B.839
(Virginia Ground-cherry) Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich soil, especially in open places" (Britton 1901).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1088 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Grassy field, one station at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1121. Solanum americanum Mill. B&B.834
(American Black Nightshade)
Black-berried erect native annual herb. Similar to S. nigrum.
Habitat: "In dry open woods, fields and along roadsides" (Grimm 1968).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on crest of sandbar of "fresh" cut-off pond below Sand Point, Higman 1222 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Lot 705, 9/24/1988).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1122. Solanum carolinense L. Shr.478, B&B.834
(Horse-nettle)
Yellow-berried native erect prickly perennial herb. Flowers white or pale lavender.
Habitat: "In dry fields and in waste places" (Britton 1901). "A weed...in pastures, cultivated fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, common in grassy fields 6/11/1967, Stieber 454 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 6/11/1966, Stieber 455 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Stevens Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 45, 133 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1123. Solanum dulcamara L. Shr.478, B&B.833
(Bittersweet Nightshade, Climbing Nightshade)
Red-berried climbing perennial herb. European; escape from cultivation.
Habitat: "In moist waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1990).
1124. Solanum nigrum L. 1753. Shr.478, B&B.834
(Black Nightshade) Black-berried, low, branching, spreading native (cosmopolitan) annual herb. Similar to S. americanum.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "a weed...gardens, fields, and waste places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on trash pile near main buildings, Higman 498 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1125. Solanum sarachoides Sendtner B&B.834
Green-berried branching annual herb naturalized from South America.
Habitat: "Waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent and temporary at main buildings after trash was cleared and site bulldozed, Higman 1216 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
131. Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family)
1126. Agalinis maritima (Raf.) Raf. 1836. Shr.481 B&B.871
(Gerardia maritima Raf. 1808)
(Marsh Gerardia, Sea-side Agalinis, Saltmarsh Agalinis)
Low (4-12") native fleshy-leaved annual herb. Corolla purplish-pink.
Habitat: "Salt marshes" (Gray 1867). "Salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Sherwood Forest, marsh of the Severn 8/18/1930 (As G. maritima), E.C. & G.M.Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent on beach at Sand Point, Higman 972 (CBC) (As G. maritima; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1127. Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell B&B.871
[Agalinis purpurea (L.) Britton]
(Gerardia racemulosa Pennell 1911)
(Gerardia purpurea L. 1753 Shr.481
Erect 8-20" native branching annual herb. Corolla bright purple.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist fields, thickets, and boggy places" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 10/25/1879 (As G. purpurea), J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Shore at Marley Bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899). Churchton, border of a woods on Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Edgewater, infrequent in roadside ditch near junction of Mayo Road and Rt. 214, opposite new school, Higman 1382 (As G. purpurea; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US.
1128. Agalinis setacea (Walt.) Raf. 1836 B&B.871
[Gerardia setacea (Walt.) J. F. Gmel.]
(Gerardia holmiana Greene 1899)
(Thread-leaved Agalinis, Thread-leaved Gerardia)
Erect 8-28" much-branched native annual herb. Corolla pink.
Habitat: "Dry grounds" (Gray 1867). "Sandy barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry sandy woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered. 1994: S1 - Highly State Rare. Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
1129. Aureolaria virginica (L.) BSP B&B.870
[Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell]
[Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP]
[Dasystoma virginica (L.) Britton 1894]
[Gerardia quercifolia (L.) Pursh. 1814]
Strausbaugh & Core (1958) state that the Downy Yellow Foxglove (G. virginica) is G. flava of authors, not Linnaeus. Brown & Brown (1984) agree, showing A. virginica as "finely pubescent". However, Gray 1867, Britton 1901, Robinson & Fernald 1908, and Britton & Brown 1913 used G. flava or D. flava for this downy-stemmed plant, and careful evaluation of old records is suggested.
(Downy False Foxglove, Downy Yellow Foxglove)
Downy-stemmed native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry open woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Partly parasitic on the roots of oaks" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Fairly common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984). The Smooth False Foxglove is "Infrequent in the Midland Zone, common in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910), and less to be expected in A. A. Co.
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford [Plitt 7/2/1904, in bloom, as G. flava; Fessenden (1955) adds: (G. virginica?)"]. Shadyside, in a woods 7/22/1951 (As G. virginica), L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary by ruined house at Fox Point; Ivy Neck, infrequent along southern shore of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 350 (CBC) (As G. virginica; Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Iliffs ravine - tentative identification 1986).
Herbaria: CBC.
1130. Chelone glabra L. 1753. Shr.479, B&B.857
(White Balmony) Native perennial herb. Corolla white.
Habitat: "Swamps, flood plains and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet thickets, streambanks, low ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Waysons Corner, swamp of the Patuxent 8/28/1925, Edgar Wherry & Francis W. Pennell (US) (Stieber 1967). Head of South R. at Rt. 450 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Severn R. at Rt. 50, moist woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy headwaters at Catherine Avenue 10/1/1983 (Sipple 1993). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1131. Chelone obliqua L. 1767. B&B.857
(Red Turtlehead, Purple Turtlehead, Oblique Turtlehead)
Native perennial herb. Corolla purple.
Habitat: "In wet thickets and along streams" (Britton & Brown 1913).
wet woods, swamps. Often with Impatiens capensis.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Threatened. 1994 & 2001: S1 (Highly State Rare), Threatened.
Records: Apparently known from three county stations.
(1). E. of Upper Marlboro in an acidic bog 9/20/1924, Edgar Wherry (US) (Stieber 1967). Found Sept. 1924 in a roadside ditch near Hills Bridge, in A. A. Co. (on the road from Washington to Upper Marlboro and Annapolis) (Wherry, 1928). Swamp along the Patuxent R. near Waysons Corner 8/25/1925, Neiss E. H. Niemeyer (US) (Stieber 1967). Swamp along the Patuxent R. near Waysons Corner 8/28/1925, Ed. Wherry & Francis Pennell (US) (Stieber 1967).
(2). Severn R. at Rt. 50, moist woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Found in 1949 in a "moist woods near the Severn River at Hwy. 301" (This was apparently near Severn Run; a 1946 roadmap shows Route 301 crossing Severn Run where Route 3 is now; Route 301 did not cross the estuary until the "new" Severn River bridge was built in 1953).
(3). One county wooded-swamp station (near Jug Bay) mapped by Sipple 1978. Listed for Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary May 1990. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1132. Gratiola neglecta Torr. B&B.854
(Neglected Hedge-hyssop) Small (4-16") annual herb.
Habitat: "Shores, swamps, and floodplains" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent along Cheston Creek drainage, Higman 725, 873 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Magothy headwaters at Catherine Avenue 6/26/1982 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1133. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort 1802. Shr.479, B&B.855
(Antirrhinum canadense L. 1753)
(Linaria canadensis Spreng.)
(Old-field Toadflax, Wild Toadflax, Blue Toadflax)
Slender biennial or annual native herb. Corolla light blue-violet.
Habitat: "Sandy soil" (Gray 1867). Dry sandy or sterile soil; fields and roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common, particularly on the light soils of the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Shore of the Severn above Valentine Creek Aug. 1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, sandy soil in a Field 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). "SE of Annapolis near the Magothy" 7/8/1950, H. G. Deignan (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, sandy soil 6/14/1966 & 5/2/1967, Stieber (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, moderately abundant in corn fields and along tractor trails, Higman 657 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Sightings: Field north side of Indian Landing Road. Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Ruckers Pond ca. 1985, later died out). Kinder Park 5/14/88.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1134. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell B&B.850
[Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart 1899]
[Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. 1846] Shr.480
(Gratiola dubia L. 1753)
(Yellowseed False-pimpernel, Long-stalked False Pimpernel)
Low annual native herb.
Habitat: "In open wet situations, preferring bare mud" (Shreve et al 1910). Shores, damp open spots.
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, muddy ground along the river 7/21/1966 & 8/8/1966, Stieber 456 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
Sightings: Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1135. Mazus japonicus (Thunb.) Kuntze B&B.850
(Japanese Mazus)
Low perennial naturalized Asiatic herb.
Habitat: Lawns.
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
1136. Melampyrum lineare Desr. B&B.876
(Melampyrum lineare Lam. 1797) Shr.481
(Melampyrum americanum Michx.)
(Narrow-leaved Cow-wheat)
Native erect branching annual herb 6-12" high. May "behave as a root parasite" (see Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910, p.180).
Habitat: "Open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry to moist woods, bogs, rocky barrens" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Occurs plentifully in dry woods in our region" (Chrysler in Shreve et al 1910, p.180)
Records: Herald Harbor, in a sandy oak woods 8/17/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Shadyside, woods (date unknown, but possibly 7/22/1951), L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Dorr's Corner, at the Severn Run 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424 7/27/1966, Stieber 465 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Old sand pit NW of Earleigh Heights Road 7/20/1991 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Path along Severn shore near Sewell Spring Branch. Wooded promontory on Saltworks Creek at Epping Forest. Truxtun Park.
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1137. Mimulus alatus Ait. B&B.852
(Mimulus alatus Soland 1789) Shr.479
(Sharp-winged Monkey-flower)
Perennial herb. Petioled leaves, 4-angled stem, corolla violet.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Common in Midland; infrequent in the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Star Co. tract, solitary at edge of O'Neill Marsh near old shack (Higman 1977). Floodplain, Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 8/4/1988 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1138. Mimulus ringens L. Shr.479, B&B.852
(Square-stemmed Monkey-flower)
Perennial herb. Sessile leaves, 4-angled stem, corolla violet.
Habitat: "Wet places" (Gray 1967). "In fresh marshes, swamps and open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet woods, swamps, and ditch banks" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent over most of Maryland; less so on the southern Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy River headwaters 7/12/1986 (Sipple 1993). Floodplain, upper part of Marley Creek 8/9/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
1139. Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. B&B.290
[Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. 1888] Shr.479
(Bignonia tomentosa Thunb. 1784)
(Paulownia, Princess-tree)
Large tree introduced from Asia. Escape from cultivation.
Habitat: Deep rich moist soils; disturbed areas.
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at southwest corner of main buildings (site now destroyed); Ivy Neck, solitary on shore of brackish large cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula; also noted along tributary of South Fork of Muddy Creek (Lansdale Estate - Essex), Higman 1054 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker, Iliff properties; also Winchester Road). Meredith Creek (Corrin Strong estate).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1140. Penstemon digitalis (Sweet) Nutt. 1833-37 Shr.479, B&B.859
(Chelone digitalis Sweet 1825-27)
(Foxglove Beard-tongue, Tall White beard-tongue)
Perennial herb, 2-4 ft., showy flowers in lose panicle. Corolla tubular, white. Seeds wingless.
Habitat: "Rich soil" (Gray 1867). "In fields and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In fields and along roadsides" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Moist open woods and prairies" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent in Midland; rare coastal" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1141. Schwalbea americana L. 1753 B&B.875
(Chaffseed) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In wet sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy soils and woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Last reported from Maryland in 1893 (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: A2 (Nationally threatened). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
County Occurrence: One old A. A. Co. station reported searched 1979, no plants seen (Broome et al Dec. 1979).
1142. Scrophularia marilandica L. 1753 Shr.479, B&B.857
(Maryland Figwort) Tall (3-8') perennial herb.
Habitat: "In woods and thickets" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Open woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Dam at Rucker's Pond (Chase Creek watershed) 9/28/1997 by Longbottom.
Herbaria: AACC.
1143. Verbascum blattaria L. 1753. Shr.479, B&B.846
(Moth-mullein)
Erect (2-6') biennial herb naturalized from Europe. 5-petaled flower yellow, in terminal racemes.
Habitat: "Roadsides" (Gray 1867). "Cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed ...pastures, waste land, etc." (Jaques 1959). "Old fields, roadsides" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South R., shoreline at Rt. 50 6/11/1966, Stieber 459 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, roadside 7/27/1966, Stieber 458 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent in grassy old fields and along roadsides Higman (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1144. Verbascum blattaria L. forma albiflora (Don) House B&B: Not listed.
(White Moth-mullein)
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck; infrequent in grassy old fields and along roadsides; "only the white form occurs at Java; both occur at Ivy"; specimens are among Higman 47, 789, 811 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "These occur at Java Farm with the yellow forms" (Stieber 1971). Stieber's comment does not agree with Higman.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1145. Verbascum thapsus L. 1753. Shr.479, B&B.846
(Common Mullein, Great Mullein)
Tall (2-6') biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Velvety basal leaves & wooly stem. Sulfur-yellow flowers.
Habitat: "Old fields, grassy slopes, and abandoned lots" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, roadsides, waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 424, off roadside near Rt. 3, fairly open area at the edge of a woods 6/26/1966, Stieber 460 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in old fields and along roadsides, also on high bluff above Canninghouse Cove; noted along Contees Wharf Road; Higman 43 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). W.B.& A. R.R. r/w at Manresa. Hacketts Point. Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1146. Veronica arvensis L. 1753. Shr.480, B&B.862
(Corn Speedwell)
Low (3-10") annual or winter annual herb naturalized from Europe. Tiny, bright violet-blue flowers.
Habitat: "In dry forests, fields and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...In dry pastures, lawns and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Waste places, pastures, open woods, cultivated ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 462 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond 6/14/1966 & 5/2/1967, Stieber 463 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on spring house road (calcareous site), Higman 608 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1147. Veronica hederaefolia L. 1753. B&B.862
(Ivy-leaved Speedwell)
Low annual naturalized herb.
Habitat: Lawns, grassy slopes, fields and thickets.
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, at the edge of a field 3/20/1966, Stieber 464 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along spring house road and abundant on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek upstream from entrance road, Higman 564, 629 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). College Creek watershed (State Capitol complex 3/15/89).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1148. Veronica officinalis L. 1753 Shr.480, B&B.865
(Common Speedwell)
Pubescent prostrate perennial herb. Racemes axialliary. Leaves narrowed at base.
Habitat: "In woods, and rather dry brushy pastures, throughout Europe and Russian and central Asia" (Bentham & Hooker VII 1924). "Dry hills and open woods" (Gray 1867). "In dry fields and woods" (Britton 1901). "In dry fields and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: "W" Section (Fort Meade), Rieves Pond (Longbottom 1993).
1149. Veronica peregrina L. 1753. Shr.480, B&B.862
(Purslane Speedwell, Neckweed)
Native annual or winter annual herb. 3-12" high. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Waste and cultivated grounds in damp soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist open situations and in swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, on alluvial riverbank 5/25/1956, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1150. Veronica persica Poir. B&B.862
(Bird's Eye Speedwell)
Annual or winter annual herb from Asia.
Habitat: "Waste and cultivated ground" (Gray 1867). "Lawns and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
1151. Veronica serpyllifolia L. 1753 Shr.480, B&B.865
(Thyme-leaved Speedwell)
Perennial herb, naturalized from Europe. Stem creeping, much branched. Flowers very small, pale blue or white, in terminal spikes.
Habitat: "In pastures, fields, and waste places, in Europe and Russian and central Asia" (Bentham & Hooker VII 1924). "In fields and thickets" (Britton 1901). "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp, grassy places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Midland Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in Midland and D.C. area; occasional on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
132. Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper Family)
1152. Bignonia capreolata L. 1753 B&B.295
[Anisostichus capreolata (L.) Bureau 1864]
(Bignonia crucigera L. 1753) Shr.482
[Doxantha capreolata (L.) Miers. 1863]
(Crossvine)
Native high-climbing slender woody vine. Climbing by tendrils. Evergreen. Leaves in distinct pattern of 4's.
Habitat: "Rich soil" (Gray 1867). "Coastal Zone; in river swamps of the Pocomoke" (Shreve et al 1910). "In moist woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In rich moist woods and in swamps" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Rare" (Shreve et al 1910). "Virginia to Florida" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Md. and W. Va. to Ohio, Ill. and Mo. south to Fla. and Tex." (Grimm 1968). "In southern Coastal Plain; not common." (B&B 1972)
Sightings: Luce Creek watershed 1/7/1995: Belle Grove Corporation property, growing on tuliptrees ca. 100 ft. SE of Severn Grove Road.
1153. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. 1867. B&B.295
[Tecoma radicans (L.) DC 1845] Shr.482
[Tecoma radicans (L.) Juss.]
(Bignonia radicans L. 1753)
(Trumpet Vine, Common Trumpetcreeper)
Native pinnate-leaved woody vine. Corolla orange-red.
Habitat: "Moist soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Hedgerows, fences, fields and moist woods. Frequently on Robinia pseudoacacia.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Deale, a beach, climbing on trees and walls 7/10/1949, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, on fences 6/27/1966 & 8/12/1966, Stieber 466 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, moderately abundant to abundant in old fields, on fences, etc., Higman 1 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property 8/27/1999).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1154. Campsis radicans var. flava Rehd. B&B: Not listed.
(Campsis radicans var. aurea Rehd.)
(Tecoma radicans var. lutea Kirchn.)
(Yellow Trumpet Vine) Orange-yellow flowers.
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (along road to Ruckers Pond ca. 1980, now absent). Sandy Point State Park (on fence near entrance).
1155. Catalpa bignonioides Walt. 1788. B&B.294
(Southern Catalpa, Common Catalpa)
Medium sized tree native to Gulf States. Escape from cultivation. Leaves abruptly acuminate.
Habitat: Waste places.
Records: Manresa, moist woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 467 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1156. Catalpa speciosa Warder B&B.294
(Hardy Catalpa, Northern Catalpa, Western Catalpa)
Large tree native to mid-west. Escape from cultivation. Leaves often long-acuminate.
Habitat: Waste places.
Records: In Virginia pine woodland at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near Ruckers Pond).
133. Orobanchaceae (Broom-rape Family)
1157. Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. B&B.879
[Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf. ex A. Gray 1878] Shr.482
[Epiphegus virginiana (L.) Bart. 1818]
(Orobanche virginiana L. 1753)
(Beech-drops)
Erect (6-18") native leafless branching herb parasitic on beech roots. Flowers dull-magenta. Plant somewhat sticky to the touch.
Habitat: Under beech trees "In rich forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, moderately abundant under mature beech canopy in "western triangle", Higman 249 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Under beech trees, oak-pine woods behind Crownsville Peoples Resource Center 9/27/1993.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1158. Orobanche uniflora L. 1753 B&B.881
[Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton 1894] Shr.482
(One-flowered Cancer-root, Squaw-drops)
Short (3-10") native leafless herb. Parasitic on roots of various herbs. Flowers white to whitish-lavender.
Habitat: "In rich forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp woods and thickets" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: Throughout the state; being most frequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Sightings: Fort Meade: near Forge Bridge on Little Patuxent (Longbottom, pc 5/11/1992).
134. Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort Family)
1159. Utricularia biflora Lam. 1791 B&B: No Md. records.
(Utricularia pumila Walt. 1798)
(Two-flowered Bladderwort)
Native submerged aquatic herb. Resembles U. fibrosa, but leaves all alike. Brown & Brown (1984) state that U. biflora occurs in Del. and Va., and may be expected in Md.
Habitat: Shallow water.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered. 2001: S1 (Highly state rare) Endangered.
Records: Cattail Creek Pond above Rt. 2 on 7/9/1988 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings:
(1) Mill Creek watershed: Davidson's pond in St. Margarets.
(2) Chase Creek Watershed: Ruckers Pond (Accidentally introduced from Davidson's Pond ca. 1975, choking half of pond in several years, then declining rapidly. A few blooming plants seen 7/11/87, 8/8/87); extant 8/27/1999, 2002.
1160. Utricularia cornuta Michx. 1803. Shr.481, B&B.883
[Stomoisa cornuta (Michx.) Raf. 1838]
(Horned Bladderwort) Native terrestrial herb.
Habitat: "On wet borders of ponds, or in bogs" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet, sandy, muddy, or peaty shores; bogs" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Rare; Anne Arundel and possibly Garrett Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Status uncertain.
Records: "Near the head of the Magothy River (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Mt. Carmel, in a pool 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). One A. A. Co. station (1960) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979.
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1161. Utricularia fibrosa Walt. 1788. Shr.482, B&B.885
(Fibrous Bladderwort) Native submerged aquatic herb; leaves alternate, dimorphic.
Habitat: "In shallow water" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain; rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: "Glenburnie (Robert K. Miller)" (Shreve et al 1910). Broome et al Dec. 1979 noted one station reported, but no plants seen. North Grays Bog, South Grays Bog, Angels Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981).
1162. Utricularia gemniscapa Benj. 1847. B&B.883
(Utricularia clandestina Nutt. 1848) Shr.481
(Hidden-fruited Bladderwort, Hooded Milfoil)
Native submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and slow streams" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: One A. A. Co. station (1964) noted by Broome et al Dec. 1979. Head of the Severn River in a marsh 10/24/1951, N. Hotchkiss & F. M. Uhler (US) (Stieber 1967). Blackhole Creek Bog by Broersma 1984 (see Sipple 1999, p.379).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1163. Utricularia gibba L. 1753. Shr.482, B&B.885
(Humped Bladderwort) Native submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: "In ponds and streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "Shallow water or bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: 1.5 miles north of Duvall Bridge, in a pond 7/9/1938, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967). Pond edge at Lake Waterford 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Arden Bog 1998 (Sipple 1999, p.382).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1164. Utricularia juncea Vahl. 1804. Shr.481, B&B.883
[Stomoisia juncea (Vahl.) Barnhart]
(Rush Bladderwort) Native terrestrial herb.
Habitat: "On wet borders of ponds, and in bogs" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet, sandy or peaty soils and shallow ponds" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: 2 miles NW of Gibson Island in a fresh pond 9/26/1959, N. Hotchkiss (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1165. Utricularia subulata L. 1753. B&B.883
[Setiscapella subulata (L.) Barnhart]
(Zigzag Bladderwort, Tiny Bladderwort)
Native terrestrial herb.
Habitat: "Wet sandy soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Infrequent to rare on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: 3 miles NW of Gibson Island, floating in a bog 5/27/1953, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1166. Utricularia vulgaris L. Shr.481, B&B.885
(Common Bladderwort, Greater Bladderwort)
Submerged aquatic herb.
Habitat: ""In ponds and slow streams" (Shreve et al 1910). Quiet water of ponds and ditches" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; apparently absent from the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Bog at Glenburnie (M. A. Chrysler, in Shreve et al 1910; P.185).
135. Phrymaceae (Lopseed Family)
1167. Phryma leptostachya L. 1753 Shr.482, B&B.888
(Lopseed) Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist woods, thickets" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone, and in the Lower Midland District, common in the Upper Midland District and the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: "Infrequent along a road near Old Muddy Creek Road" (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Bay Ridge R.R. r/w at head of Lake Ogleton (identified by D. H. Williams 1986).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
136. Plantaginaceae (Plantain Family)
1168. Plantago aristata Michx. 1803. Shr.483, B&B.890
(Large-bracted Plantain)
Erect native annual or winter annual herb of western states, adventive in east. Leaves linear.
Habitat: "Cultivated and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). A weed...in pastures, meadows, and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Dry, often eroded, gravelly soils, in old fields or pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; locally common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, sandy clay 6/7/1966 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 468 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/1/1966, Stieber 469 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in broken pavement on Fox Point Road near old hay barn; Ivy Neck, infrequent along tractor trail on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 806 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1169. Plantago lanceolata L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.890
(Lance-leaved Plantain, English Plantain, Buckhorn Plantain, Ribgrass)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves lanceolate.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...common in lawns, meadows, and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "One of our worst weeds in lawns, meadows and pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, in fields and roadsides 5/5/1966, Stieber 470 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at main building area, Higman 12, 1092 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1170. Plantago lanceolata var. angustifolia B&B: Unlisted.
(Plantain) Herb.
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1171. Plantago major L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.890
(Common Plantain)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Petioles green at base.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...largely confined to waste places and cultivated ground" (Fogg 1956). "Lawns, fields, and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Usually much less common than P. rugelii" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Herald Harbor, beach of the Severn 7/3/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). South R., at Porter Point on broad creek in a sandy saltmarsh 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at main building area and along Fox Point Road, Higman 19 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1172. Plantago rugelii Decne. 1852. Shr.483, B&B.890
(Rugel's Plantain, Pale Plantain)
Native herb. Petioles purple or crimson at base.
Habitat: "A weed...fields, roadsides, woods, lawns and gardens" (Fogg 1956). "Lawns, meadows, pastures, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 6/20/1966, Stieber 472 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, muddy riverbank 10/29/1966, Stieber 471 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1173. Plantago virginica L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.888
(Hoary Plantain, White Dwarf Plantain)
Native annual or biennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In unshaded, dry or sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, roadsides 5/21/1966, Stieber 473 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 692 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
137. Rubiaceae (Madder Family)
1174. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.297
(Common Buttonbush) Native shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "Swamps and along streams" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In swamps, open wet situations and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal and Midland Zones, infrequent in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton (Plitt 7/2/1904). Near St. James Church, grassy area near a ditch, near a branch of Lyons Creek 10/2/1966, Stieber 475 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at marshy west end of Phalaris meadow; Ivy Neck, solitary on shore of "fresh" cut-off Pond below Sand Point, Higman 175, 947 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Two county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Shallow pond near bike trail at Earleigh Heights Road 2/20/1991, 4/12/1991 (Sipple 1993). Old pond site behind Millersville Post Office 12/21/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Lake Waterford (before destruction of shoreline by County). Cattail Creek (above Rt. 2.). Hopkins Creek bottom at electric r/w. Severn Run at Dicus Mill Road. Martins Cove pond. Severn shore below Sewell Spring Branch. Shrub swamp near old Severn River bridge. Freshwater pond at Hacketts Point.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1175. Diodia teres Walt. 1788. Shr.483, B&B.898
(Rough Buttonweed)
Much-branched native low annual herb. Leaves opposite, linear.
Habitat: Poor dry sandy soil. "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in cultivated fields and waste land, especially where dry" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale Oct. 1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herald Harbor, shaded slope 8/14/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sand 7/21/1966 & 8/6/1966, Stieber 476 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, pond edge 9/23/1966, Stieber 477 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary on tractor trail, Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 1019 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Davidsonville USAF transmitter site (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1176. Galium aparine L. 1753. Shr.484, B&B.894
(Bedstraw, Cleavers, Catchweed)
Annual scrambling herb, probably naturalized from Europe. Square stem, sharp-bristly. 4-8 whorled leaves per node.
Habitat: "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...woodlands and thickets...escaped to fence rows and roadsides" (Fogg 1956). "Woods, thickets and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Waysons Corner, gravel roadside 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, in dense vegetation in moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 478 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church in a moist woods, no date, Stieber 479 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, also near old entrance gate, Higman 95, 639 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Ravine).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1177. Galium circaezans Michx. 1803. Shr.484, B&B.896
(White Wild Licorice) Upright native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist and dry woods" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road, through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 777 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Infrequent along roads west of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 5/1/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Martins Pond ravine. Brewer Pond watershed (Sahlin property) 8/9/1995.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1178. Galium hispidulum Michx. Shr.484, B&B: unlisted.
(Galium bermudense L. 1753)
(Coast Bedstraw) Much-branched perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry or sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Sandy forests, open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, edge of the pond 6/14/1966, Stieber 480 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1179. Galium obtusum Bigelow B&B.898
(Galium tinctorium L. 1753)
Britton (1901) shows the 4-parted Galium as G. tinctorium; Shreve (1910) used this reference.
(Bluntleaf Bedstraw, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw)
Erect native perennial herb. Corolla white, usually 4-lobed.
Habitat: "Damp shady places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "in moist forests and open situations" (As G. tinctorium; Shreve et al 1910). "Damp shady places, wet meadows and swamps" (Strausbaugh & Core 1964).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (As G. tinctorium; Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Angels Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (As G. obtusum; Whigham 1981).
1180. Galium tinctorium L. 1753. Shr.484, B&B.896
(Galium claytoni Michx.)
(Clayton's Bedstraw, Stiff Marsh Bedstraw, Dye Bedstraw, Wild Madder)
Erect native perennial herb. Corolla greenish-white, usually 3-lobed.
Habitat: "Swamps and damp places" (As G. claytoni; Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In wet situations" (As G. claytoni; Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (As G. claytoni; Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Dorr's Corner on the Severn Run by a road 7/2/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (As G. tinctorium; Stieber 1967). Three county fresh-marsh stations mapped (As G. tinctorium) by Sipple 1978. Angel's Bog (As G. tinctorium; Sipple & Klockner 1984. S&K generally used Fernald 1950 (see S&K 1980, p.65). Angels Bog 6/10/1992, 8/7/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1181. Galium trifidum L. B&B.896
(Galium trifidum var. pusillum Gray)
(Small Bedstraw) Slender, much-branching perennial herb.
Habitat: "Bogs, mossy woods and wet shores" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1X (Regionally rare, apparently extirpated In Md.; not seen since before 1950). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Marley shore (Plitt 6/19/1899).
Sightings: Cypress Creek Bog 9/1/1990 (Longbottom pc 1991).
1182. Galium triflorum Michx. 1803. Shr.484, B&B.894
(Sweet-scented Bedstraw) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich woodlands" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, sand 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Ruckers Ravine).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
1183. Houstonia caerulea L. 1753 Shr.483, B&B.901
(Common Bluets, Quaker-ladies)
Small erect native herb. Flowers with orange centers.
Habitat: "Dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Grassy slopes and fields, thickets, and lawns on acid soils" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Apparently absent from most of A. A. Co.
Sightings: Rays Pond watershed (steep mossy slope at edge of Iliffs Pond).
1184. Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. 1788 Shr.483, B&B.903
(Long-leaved Bluet) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rocky or gravelly ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry, unshaded, rocky, or gravelly soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1185. Houstonia purpurea L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.903
(Mountain Houstonia, Large Houstonia, Tall Houstonia)
Erect native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry woods, pine-barrens and prairies" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, roadsides 6/11/1966, Stieber 474 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent in mixed Hardwood forest, Higman 776, 840 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 6/1/1988 (Sipple 1993). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1186. Houstonia pusilla Schoepf B&B.903
(Small Bluets, Star Violet)
Small erect, much-branched herb. Four-petaled flowers with black cross-shaped centers that have two slightly elongated tips per end.
Habitat: Poor sandy soils.
Frequency: Principal range n. to s. Va. Considered not indigenous, but an accidental introduction with grass seed (Reed 1980; see Riefner 1981. Also Riefner & Hill 1983).
Records: One station (presumably 1951) near Annapolis reported 1979 by Dr. E. E. Terrell (Reveal & Broome 1981). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Cattail Creek watershed: Oak Hill Elementary School 3/17/90 by Rucker (common in mowed turf on poor sandy soil toward old Pond). Beverly-Triton Beach area by D. H. Williams.
1187. Mitchella repens L. 1753. Shr.483, B&B.297,901
(Partridge Berry, Twin-berry)
Native trailing slightly woody evergreen herb.
Habitat: "In moist sandy forests in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). Low mossy hummocks in acid woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, moderately abundant along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, especially near old pump house; Ivy Neck, solitary on west shore of Cheston Creek, Higman 93, 774 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Wetland control habitat at Round Bay Bog, Eagle Hill Bog (Whigham 1981). Cypress Creek Savanna, Cypress Creek Cedar Swamp (Sipple & Klockner 1984). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et
al 1991).
Sightings: Corcoran tract at Sandy Point 6/18/88. Ravine off lower Gumbottom/Plum Branch 10/15/1988. Mill Creek (McCann property). Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Swamp at SW end Boyd Pond (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
138. Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family)
1188. Lonicera japonica Thunb. 1784. Shr.486, B&B.302
(Japanese Honeysuckle) High-twining and trailing woody vine naturalized from eastern Asia.
Habitat: "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Persistent weed on rich moist soils. Moist woods, roadsides, hedgerows, and waste places.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Now common throughout Anne Arundel County; usually absent on dry sandy soils and highly acidic sites.
Records: Manresa, common on fences, trees 6/1/1966, Steiber 489 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Throughout CBC, abundant in old fields, along roads, and in most kinds of pine and mixed hardwood forest except chestnut oak stands along estuary shores, Higman 121, 202 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Picture Spring Branch (Nevamar Pond; Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hydric soils, Galesville area 9/29/1987 (Sipple 1993). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Abundant, Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1189. Lonicera japonica var. chinensis (P. W. Wats.) Baker B&B.304
Woody vine with leaves rather purple beneath.
Records: At CBC (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (By road to Ruckers Pond).
1190. Lonicera morrowi Gray B&B.302
(Bush Honeysuckle)
Spreading shrub introduced from Japan and escaping.
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
1191. Lonicera sempervirens L. Shr.486, B&B.304
(Trumpet Honeysuckle, Coral Honeysuckle)
Native woody vine, climbing or trailing. Flowers whorled on a terminal stalk, deep red with yellow interior.
Habitat: "Copses" (Gray 1867). "In moist and dry thickets" (Shreve et al 1910). "In the borders of woods, thickets, and in fencerows" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a).
Sightings: Truxtun Park. Woods near Crystal Springs Road 5/22/1992.
1192. Lonicera tatarica L. 1753. B&B.302
(Tartarian Bush-honeysuckle)
Large Eurasian shrub, escape from cultivation. Leaves cordate, flowers pink or white.
Habitat: "Thickets and borders of woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Manresa, medium-sized shrub in damp woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 490 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1193. Lonicera xylosteum L. B&B.302
(European Fly-honeysuckle, Bush Honeysuckle).
Shrub, escape from cultivation. Leaves pale, pubescent beneath. Flowers whitish-yellow.
Records: Java Farm, solitary tall shrub on northwest side of main barn, persistent after cultivation, Higman 1342 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
1194. Sambucus canadensis L. 1753. Shr.484, B&B.314
(Elderberry) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Rich soil, in open places" (Gray 1867). "Open wet situations and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet to damp rich soils" (Stieber 1971). "Low ground, wet areas, and borders of fields and copses" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, edge of a woods 6/7/1966 & 6/27/1966, Stieber 487 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, edge of a woods 7/21/1966, Stieber 488 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). near St. James Church, edge of a thicket near a cornfield 8/12/1966, Stieber 486 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at main building area, at marshy west end of Phalaris meadow, and in fresh part of Fox Creek tidal marsh, Higman 2 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Seven county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Back Creek: SPCA property (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker property. Jabez Branch below Hog Farm Road. Lower Severn Run deltaic marshes. Sewell Spring Branch at path crossing. Mill Creek above Route 50. Marley Creek Swamp (Longbottom pc 1991)
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1195. Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. 1833. B&B: unlisted.
(Snowberry, Wolfberry) Shrub native to western states.
Range: "N. Mich. and Ill. to Kan., w. to the Rocky Mts." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Habitat: "Rocky ground" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). Moist soils.
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent on shores of Cheston Peninsula forest, Higman 1090 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1196. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. B&B.304
[Symphoricarpos symphoricarpos (L.) MacM.] Shr.486
(Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx.)
(Indian Currant, Coral-berry)
Upright shrub native to "N.Y. to Dak., s. to Ga. and Tex." (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Habitat: "Rocky banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Escaping from cultivation in waste places, in thickets and on dry banks" (Brown & Brown 1972).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1197. Triosteum angustifolium L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.905
(Narrow-leaved Horse-gentian, Yellow Horse-gentian)
Upright native perennial herb. Yellowish corolla.
Habitat: "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "Woods and thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on forested road through Cheston Peninsula, Higman 1077 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1198. Triosteum perfoliatum L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.905
(Tinker's Weed, Fever-wort, Horse Gentian)
Erect native perennial herb. Purplish corolla.
Habitat: "Rich woodlands" (Gray 1867). "In rich soil" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Rocky to thin soil; woods and thickets.
Records: Smithsonian Center at Muddy Creek 8/13/1971 (Sipple 1993). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields and open woods to the north of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 230, 762 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sighting: Vicinity Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1199. Viburnum acerifolium L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.314
(Maple-leaved Viburnum) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "In dry woods" (Britton 1901). "Shrub layer of moist, upland, hardwood forests" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). Dry rocky woods, often defining a transitional zone just below a fertile terrace.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa in moist woods 6/1/1966, Stieber 481 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on Hog Island and on forested south slope above tidal channel of Muddy Creek, Higman 100, 457 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Jug Bay wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Martins Pond ravines. Back Creek (SPCA property).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1200. Viburnum cassinoides L. 1762. Shr.485, B&B 309
(Wild Raisin, Witherod, Appalachian Tea)
Large (3-12') native deciduous shrib.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet soil" (Britton 1901). "Swamps and bogs" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet thickets, swamps and clearings, borders of woods" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Rare in the Midland Zone, Common in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Saw Mill Pond (Plitt 5/26/1906). Manresa, in a moist woods 7/1/1966, Stieber 482 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Severn Run floodplain ca. 1/4 mi. above Dicus Mill 6/22/1987 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Stony Run (Lowland station for Helonias bullata near BWI Airport). Severn Run (One plant on floodplain, perhaps 1000 feet above Dicus Mill).
Herbaria: LCU (Steiber 1971).
1201. Viburnum dentatum L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.313
(Southern Arrowwood) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Moist to dry sandy thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale, June 1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a thicket near a cornfield 6/11/1966, Stieber 483(LCU) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, moist woods 7/27/1966, Stieber 484 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields near Fox Point Road and in broad valley above tidal channel of Muddy Creek (Study Area 2), Higman 371, 455, 514 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four county shrub-swamp stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Round Bay Bog (Whigham 1981). Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1202. Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum Aiton (See Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
(Viburnum recognitum Fernald) B&B.313
(Smooth Arrowwood) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "Damp thickets" (Steiber 1971).
Records: Waysons Corner, border of a woods (As V. recognitum) 6/11/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a thicket 8/12/1966, Stieber 485 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Severn Run Environmental Area. Mill Creek above Route 50. (Both tentative identification).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1203. Viburnum nudum L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.311
(Possumhaw Viburnum) Native deciduous shrub.
Habitat: "In cold swamps" (Gray 1867). "In swamps and open wet situations, being most abundant in sandy swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Wetland control and other habitats at Round Bay Bog, South Grays Bog, Eagle Hill Bog, Cypress Creek Savanna (Whigham 1981). Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, scarce). Indian Creek Branch. Fox Creek swamp (Old Place Creek, on Severn). Swamp at SW end of Boyd Pond (Longbottom, pc 1991).
1204. Viburnum prunifolium L. 1753. Shr.485, B&B.311
(Black Haw) Native; tall shrub or small tree.
Habitat: "Dry copses" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests and in open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Thickets, borders of woods, shores" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant along roads, in old fields, and under a variety of forest canopies, Higman 220, 429 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property - Lot 758, May 2000; Berry property, by abandoned road to water, May 2000, state champion). Back Creek (SPCA property). Martins Pond ravine. Holly Beach Farm (top of wooded bluff overlooking Moss Pond). Truxtun Park. River Road near Round Bay Bog (1990 state champion).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
Order Valerianales
139. Valerianaceae (Valerian Family)
1205. Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll. 1776.
[Valerianella locusta (L.) Bettke. 1826] Shr.486, B&B.909
(Valeriana locusta var. olitoria L. 1753)
(Fedia olitoria Vahl.)
(European Corn Salad, Lamb's Lettuce)
Annual herb naturalized from Europe. Bluish flowers.
Habitat: "In waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Midland; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant along spring house road and in yard of old house there, Higman 607 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1206. Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. 1811. Shr.486, B&B.909
(Valerianella locusta var. radiata L. 1753)
(Fedia radiata Michx.)
(Beaked Corn Salad, Lamb's Lettuce) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In moist soil" (Britton 1901). "Low grounds" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant along spring house road and in yard of old house there, Higman 1126 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
Order Campanulales
140. Cucurbitaceae (Gourd Family)
1207. Sicyos angulatus L. 1753. Shr.486, B&B.912
(One-seeded Bur-cucumber, Star Cucumber)
Native annual high-climbing vine.
Habitat: "Along river banks and in low moist places" (Britton 1901). "In thickets and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...thickets and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Along streams and in low moist woods and thickets" (Grimm 1968).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property; ravine bottom with Menispermum canadense ca. 1980, absent 1999). Beside north-bound lane of Rt. 3 between Dorr's Corner and Severn Run ca. 1986.
141. Campanulaceae (Bellflower Family)
1208. Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. B&B.914
[Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC 1830]
(Campanula perfoliata L. 1753)
[Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britton] Shr.487
(Venus' Looking Glass) Low native annual herb. Flowers purple-blue, in axils of heart-shaped perfoliate leaves.
Habitat: "Sterile open ground" (Gray 1867). "In dry open situations, preferring sandy soils" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in sterile open ground, meadows, pastures, barnyards, roadsides, farmland and gardens" (Fogg 1956). "Roadsides, old fields, and woodland borders, usually on poor dry soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common, particularly in the Coastal Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale June 1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along roads and around main building area; also in old fields at Stevens, Higman 723, 782 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (open sandy soil near Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
142. Lobeliaceae (Lobelia Family)
1209. Lobelia cardinalis L. 1753. Shr.487, B&B.915
(Cardinal Flower) Tall native perennial herb. Deep red flowers.
Habitat: "In swamps and along streams" (Shreve et al 1910). "Damp shores, meadows and swamps" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley (Plitt 7/19/1899). Patuxent Community Pond, edge of the pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 492 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on North Fork of Muddy Creek, just above upstream limit of salt marsh; Mayo, infrequent in shaded ditch near Mayo Road (in Whitemarsh Creek watershed); Higman 83 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county fresh-marsh station (on Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Saltworks Creek marsh. Point above Indian Landing. Brackish marsh at Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/1990 (Longbottom pc 1991). End of Old Man Creek 8/20/1989 (Longbottom, pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1210. Lobelia inflata L. 1753. Shr.487, B&B.918
(Indian-tobacco)
Native annual or winter annual herb. Stem branching, 1-3 ft. Small pale blue flowers, poisonous root.
Habitat: "Dry open fields" (Gray 1867). "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In fields and thickets, usually in dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "A weed...dry fields and thickets" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on old road through mixed hardwood forest on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 966 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1211. Lobelia puberula Michx. 1803. Shr.487, B&B.915
(Downy Lobelia) Native perennial herb. Blue flowers.
Habitat: "In moist sandy soil" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Churchton, in a brushy field at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, moist soil 9/23/1966, Stieber 493 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
143. Compositae (Composite Family)
1212. Achillea millefolium L. 1753. Shr.496, B&B.1020
(Common Yarrow, Milfoil)
Perennial naturalized from Europe. Leaf twice pinnate; flowers white. Ht. 1-2 ft.
Habitat: "Fields and hills" (Gray 1867). "A weed...common in pastures, meadows and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50 common in sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 515 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in open grassy areas, Higman 10, 517 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Steiber 1971).
1213. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. 1753. Shr.489, B&B.989
(Common Ragweed, Hay-fever Weed)
Native annual herb; much branched. Ht. 2-3 ft. or more. Leaves pinnately twice-divided.
Habitat: "Waste places" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil, often a pernicious weed in cultivated fields" (Britton 1901). "In cultivated and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; one of the most common weeds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Severn R. above mouth of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, at Cape Anne on waste ground 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sand 9/2/1966 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 507 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, common along the roadside 10/29/1966, Stieber 508 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant along roads, field margins, and in recently disturbed unshaded sites, Higman 1167 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch watershed: near Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Lake Waterford Park
(Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1214. Ambrosia trifida L. 1753. Shr.489, B&B.989
(Giant Ragweed, Great Ragweed, Buffalo-weed)
Large native annual herb. Height to 12 ft. or more on rich soil. Leaves opposite, three-lobed, sometimes five.
Habitat: "Moist river-banks" (Gray 1867). "In moist soil" (Britton 1901). "A weed...common in rich land" (Jaques 1959). "Alluvium, roadsides and waste places" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, near the Severn riverbank 9/9/1966, Stieber 509 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, roadside embankment 9/16/1966, Stieber 510 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant along unshaded roads and field margins, Higman 252, 311, 1025 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Picture Spring Branch watershed: near Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Lake Waterford Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property, near bike trail 9/15/97).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1215. Antennaria neglecta Greene 1897. Shr.494, B&B.983
(Field Pussy-toes, Field Cat's-foot, Everlasting)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In fields and pastures" (Britton 1901).
Records: Manresa, in an open field 5/5/1966, Stieber 560 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1216. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards 1823. Shr.494, B&B.983
(Antennaria plantaginifolia Hook.)
(Gnaphalium plantaginifolium L. 1753)
(Plantain-leaved Everlasting, Indian Tobacco, Pussy-toes)
Low (4-10") native perennial herb. Leaves entire, silvery beneath. Corolla yellowish.
Habitat: "Sterile knolls and banks" (Gray 1867). "In dry soil, especially in open woods" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...common in dry pastures and fields, often on poor soil" (Jaques 1959).
Records: Near Brooklyn (A. A. Co.? Plitt 4/12/1899). Manresa, open fields 5/5/1966, Stieber 561 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, grassy roadside 5/21/1966, Stieber 562 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent on eroded shady banks at Fox Point and along Old Muddy Creek Road near old entrance gate, Higman 568 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1217. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards var. ambigens (Greene) Cronq. B&B.983
(Antennaria ambigens Fernald)
(Antennaria fallax Greene)
(Plantain-leaved Everlasting) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Rich open woods and fields" (Robinson & Fernald 1908).
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek (As A. fallax) 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, open sandy roads (As A. fallax) 4/30/1950, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1218. Anthemis arvensis L. 1753. B&B.1020
(Corn Chamomile)
Much-branched annual herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 12 in. Ray-flowers white, disk yellow.
Habitat: "A weed...in fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "In fields and waste places, often abundant in fall-sown grasses and alfalfa" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Farm area off Rt. 2, S. of Lothian, by a field 5/21/1966, Stieber 513 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, sandy clay along the roadside 8/12/1966, Stieber 512 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1219. Anthemis arvensis L. var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC. B&B: unlisted.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary beside tractor trail through fields on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 694 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1220. Anthemis cotula L. 1753. Shr.496, B&B.1022
(Mayweed, Dog-fennel)
Much-branched annual herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 1-2 ft. Ray-flowers white, disk yellow. Plant has unpleasant odor.
Habitat: "In fields, waste places, and along roadsides" (Britton 1901). "Cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...barn-lots and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 5/11/1899). S. of Annapolis, on Chesapeake Bay 8/18/1913, Ivar Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, roadside, grassy area 5/21/1966 & 6/11/1966, Stieber 514 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Quiet Waters Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1221. Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. B&B.1036
(Arctium minus Schk. 1803) Shr.496
(Arctium lappa var. minus A. Gray 1884)
(Lappa officinalis Allioni var. minor)
(Common Burdock, Smaller Burdock)
Large, coarse biennial herb (Ht. 2-5 ft.) naturalized from Europe.
Flowers pink-purple. Burs from axils of leaves.
Habitat: "Waste places and around dwellings, in manured soil" (Gray 1867). "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in neglected rich soil of barnyards and fields" (Jaques 1959). "On rubbish piles, waste places" (Stieber 1971). "In rich soils of barnyards, roadsides, or permanent pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in trash at main building area (site now destroyed), Higman 6 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1222. Arnica acaulis (Walt.) BSP 1888. B&B.1030
[Arnica acaulis (L.) BSP] Shr.496
(Arnica nudicaulis Nutt. 1818)
(Arnica nudicaulis Ell.)
(Leopard's Bane)
Upright (1-3 ft.) perennial native herb. Ray-flowers & disk yellow.
Habitat: "Damp pine barrens" (Gray 1867). "In low woods" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy, open woods, often in damp soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent in Delaware and the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated. 1994: S-1 Highly State Rare. Endangered.
Records: Waterford (Plitt 4/29/1905).
1223. Artemesia stelleriana Bess. B&B.1028
(Dusty Miller)
Asian perennial herb becoming naturalized.
Habitat: Sandy sea-beaches" Britton & Brown 1913). "Coastal sands or sometimes inland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1224. Aster acuminatus Michx. 1803. Shr.492, B&B.974
(Whorled Aster, Mountain Aster)
Native herb, ht. ca. 12". Rays 12-18, white or slightly purple.
Habitat: "Cool rich woods" (Gray 1867). "Moist woods" (Britton 1901). "In swamps and moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Mountain Zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at forest margin on south side of old field west of spring house road; also in trash on old barn roof; Higman 393, 356 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "In old fields and in rubbish heap at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1225. Aster divaricatus L. 1753. Shr.492, B&B.962
(White Wood Aster, Common White Heart-leaved Aster)
Smooth crooked stem 1.5-2.5 ft. Rays 6-10, white; disk flowers become brownish. Leaves cordate.
Habitat: "In grassy openings in woods, often in dense patches" (Britton 1901). "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "In open woodlands and thickets, in rather dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Dry open woods and clearings" (Grimm 1968).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being infrequent in the Coastal Zone, common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1226. Aster dumosus L. 1753. B&B.971
(Bushy Aster)
Native herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. Rays 15-30, pale purple or blue.
Habitat: "Thickets" (Gray 1867). "Sandy soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry to moist soils of open areas and thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 339 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1980, 1984; Whigham 1981).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1227. Aster dumosus var. subulaefolium T. & G. B&B: unlisted.
(Aster)
Records: Java Farm, solitary at roadside near main building, Higman 198 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station on a roadside, Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1228. Aster ericoides L. 1753. Shr.493, B&B.971
[Virgulus ericoides (L.) Reveal & Keener]
(White Heath Aster, Dense-flowered Aster)
Erect, bushy native perennial herb. Ht. 1-2 ft. Ray flowers 8-20, white. Disk-flowers yellow.
Habitat: "Dry open places" (Gray 1867). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Dry open soil or in thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in midlands and Western Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 543 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, edge of a woods 10/29/1966, Stieber 542 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1229. Aster laevis L. 1753. Shr.492, B&B.967
(Smooth Aster)
Native perennial herb. Ray-flowers 15-30, sky-blue.
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields, open woods and roadsides" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). "Dry soils, open areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent throughout; less so on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, edge of a thicket 10/3/1966, Stieber 544 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1230. Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britton 1889. Shr.493, B&B.971
(Solidago lateriflora L. 1753)
(Calico Aster, Starved Aster)
Spreading or reclining native perennial herb. Ray flowers 9-15, white. Dick-flowers purplish.
Habitat: "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...roadsides, waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, thickets" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). "Dry or moist fields and open thickets" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, open woods 10/3/1966, Stieber 545 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary along shaded Fox Creek drainage, above culvert on new entrance road, Higman 316 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1231. Aster linariifolius L. B&B.976
(Stiff-leaved Aster)
Herb. Ray-flowers 10-20, bluish-violet.
Habitat: "Dry clearings, rocky banks" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). "Dry, rocky or sandy soils, usually in woodlands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Piedmont and south to Wicomico County; also in Prince George's and Garrett Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Between Saw Mill Pond & Glen Burnie (Plitt 9/6/1899). Near junction of West Pasadena & Jumpers Hole Roads, summer of 1990 (Sipple 1993, p.399). On side of West Pasadena Road 8/3/1991 (Sipple 1993).
1232. Aster novi-belgii L. 1753.
1233. B&B.974
(New York Aster)
Native herb. Ray-flowers 20-40, pale blue or purplish.
Habitat: "Low grounds" (Gray 1867). "In damp thickets, meadows, and on shores" (Grimm 1968). "Moist soils of thickets, marshes and meadows" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Mostly on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at main building area, Higman 197 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station in main building area at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971). One county fresh-marsh station (on Patuxent) mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1233. Aster patens Ait. 1789. Shr.492, B&B.964
(Late Purple Aster)
Slender native herb; ht. 1-3 ft. Ray-flowers 15-30, violet or blue-purple.
Habitat: "In dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry fields and open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1234. Aster pilosus Willd. B&B.969
(White Old-field Aster, White Heath Aster) Herb.
Habitat: "Dry fields, thickets, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, sandy clay 9/16/1966, Stieber 546 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 10/29/1966, Stieber 547 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields; also solitary in trash on old barn roof, Higman 355, 426, 513 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1235. Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotus Blake B&B.971
(Aster)
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, near river's edge 10/29/1966, Stieber 548 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967)
1236. Aster pilosus Willd. var. priceae (Britt.) Cronq. B&B: unlisted.
(Aster priceae Britton 1901)
(Miss Price's Aster)
Habitat: "In dry soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Range: Ky. to Ga. & Ala. (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, 10/29/1966, Stieber 549 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1237. Aster praealtus Poir. B&B.974
(Willow Aster)
Stout herb to 7 ft. Ray-flowers 20-35, blue-violet or purple.
Habitat: "Moist, low areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Allegany and Garrett Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B1 (Regionally rare). 1991: Highly Rare. 1994: S-1 Highly State Rare.
Records: Java Farm, solitary in fresh part of Fox Creek tidal marsh, Higman 492 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Freshwater in Fox Creek drainage marsh" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1238. Aster puniceus L. 1753. Shr.492, B&B.967
(Purple-stemmed Aster)
Native perennial herb. Ht. 3-6 ft. Ray-flowers pale blue-violet.
Habitat: "Low thickets and swamps" (Gray 1867). "In moist forests, flood plains, and in swamps" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Waysons Corner near Patuxent R., dry gravelly soil 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Odenton, Severn Run at Rt. 170, shaded area 6/14/1966, Stieber 551 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 10/29/1966, Stieber 550 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on side of steep ditch of Fox Creek drainage, Higman 321 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US, LCU.
1239. Aster simplex Willd. B&B.974
(Lowland White Aster, White-panicled Aster)
Much-branched native herb. Ht. 3-6 ft.
Habitat: "Shady moist banks" (Gray 1867). "Damp thickets, meadows, and shores" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at source of small stream on forested south slope above Muddy Creek tidal channel, Higman 398 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Wet ground above tidal portion of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1240. Aster subulatus Michx. 1803. Shr.493, B&B.976
(Annual Saltmarsh Aster)
Much-branched native annual. Ray-flowers reduced, purplish or bluish.
Habitat: "In saltmarshes" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: South R. at Porter Pt., in a saltmarsh of Broad Creek 9/14/1946, E.H.Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Deale, saltmarsh of Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Deale, wharf 9/23/1956, Ralph Cluley & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, mucky area of the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 552 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, moist bank of the river 10/29/1966, Stieber 553 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in salt marshes, Higman 210, 267, 447 (CBC) (Higman 1977). One county brackish marsh station (on Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution
(Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1241. Aster tataricus L.f B&B: unlisted.
[Aster lutescens (Lindl.) T. & G.]
"Suggested by E. J. Hill in 1883 to be a hybrid between A. ptarmicoides and Solidago
riddellii" (Jones, 1963).
(Tatarian Aster)
Herb with light yellow rays.
Habitat: Sandy soil.
Records: Garden area at Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1242. Aster tenuifolius L. 1753. Shr.493, B&B.976
(Perennial Saltmarsh Aster, Slender-leaved Aster)
Native perennial herb. Ht. 2-3 ft. Ray-flowers pale bluish-purple.
Habitat: "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Predominantly saline and brackish shores" (Stieber 1971)
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Churchton, saltmarsh of Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in Fox Creek salt marsh, Higman 96 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Eight county brackish marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Locust Cove of Bodkin Creek 9/28/1991 (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1243. Aster vimineus Lam. 1783. B&B.971
(Small-flowered White Aster, Small White Aster)
Native herb. Ht. 2-5 ft. Rays white.
Habitat: "Moist soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Dry to moist fields, meadows and shores" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Infrequent; fall line to Talbot County...and in the W-B area" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along flood plain of North Fork of Muddy Creek, in marshy west end of Phalaris meadow, and along Fox Creek drainage, Higman 307 (or var.) (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC? US (Stieber 1971).
1244. Aster vimeneus Lam. var. subdumosus Wieg. B&B: unlisted.
(Aster)
Records: Java Farm, along Fox Creek drainage, (Higman 1977). "Shaded near Fox Creek drainage" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC? US (Stieber 1971).
1245. Baccharis halimifolia L. 1753. Shr.493, B&B.318
(Groundsel-tree, High-tide Bush, Eastern Baccharis)
Large native shrub. Leaves alternate.
Habitat: Along the shores of tidal estuaries and marshes. "These sites are generally dry in comparison to the surrounding marsh" (Sipple 1978, p.18).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Herald Harbor, sandy beach 8/21/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Sandy Point Park, saltmarsh of the bay 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, saltmarsh of Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, sandy shore of the Severn, no date, Stieber 558 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in salt marshes, also solitary on sandy beach near Murray's Wharf, and in old field on Java near tributary of Fox Creek; Higman 215, 253, 362 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Nineteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Meadow Point on Severn 7/29/1991. Holly Beach Farm (shores of Goose Pond, Moss Pond). Tar Cove, Ross Cove, Blackhole Creek, Cattail Creek, Mill Creek of Magothy, Weems Creek (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1246. Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britton 1893. B&B.1016
(Coreopsis aristosa Michx. 1803)
(Western Tickseed-sunflower)
Erect, much-branched, native annual or biennial herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. achenes flattened.
Habitat: "Swamps" (Gray 1867). "A weed...in swamps and wet land" (Jaques 1959). "Wet meadows, roadside ditches, abandoned fields, and low ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Head of South R. estuary & Rt. 450, edge of a woods 9/14/1966, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1247. Bidens bipinnata L. 1753. Shr.495, B&B.1014
(Spanish Needles, Beggarticks)
Erect native annual herb. Ht. 1-4 ft. Stems square. Leaves opposite, 2-3 times pinnately divided. Achenes linear.
Habitat: "Damp soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry and moist situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...waste land, fields, and gardens" (Jaques 1956). Sandy fields, roadsides, rocky woods.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, through a moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 501 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java farm, infrequent to moderately abundant along roadsides and around main building area, Higman 77, 357 (CBC) (Higman 1207). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1248. Bidens cernua L. 1753. Shr.495, B&B.1012
(Smaller Bur-marigold, Nodding Beggarticks, Nodding Bur-marigold)
Erect native annual herb. Ht. 2-3 ft. Leaves lanceolate. Flower heads nodding.
Habitat: "A weed...wet places" (Jaques 1959). "Swamps and wet ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: One county fresh-marsh station (on Patuxent) mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1249. Bidens comosa (A. Gray) Wiegand 1897 B&B.1012
(Bidens connata Muhl. var. comosa A. Gray 1867)
(Bidens acuta)
Brown & Brown 1984 state that B. connata and B. comosa, once considered distinct, are now
included within B. tripartita L. Gleason & Cronquist 1991 consider the three similar in
appearance, but distinct.
(Strawstem Beggar-ticks, Leafy-bracted Tickseed) Annual herb.
Habitat: "In wet soil" (Britton 1901). "Disturbed habitats, often somewhat drier than those of B. connata" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Records: Kinder Park (Longbottom 1993).
1250. Bidens coronata (L.) Fisch. var. trichosperma (Michx.) Fernald B&B.1016
[Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Britton 1893]
(Coreopsis trichosperma Michx. 1803)
(Tall Tickseed-sunflower)
Tall (2-5 ft.) native annual or biennial herb. Leaves pinnately divided. Achenes flattened.
Habitat: "In swamps and wet meadows" (Britton & Brown 1913). "A weed...in wet places" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "has been collected in Prince Georges County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1994: S2S3
Records: Shore at Marley Creek Bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1251. Bidens frondosa L. 1753. B&B.1014
(Devil's Beggar-ticks, Tall Beggar-ticks)
Native annual herb. Leaves opposite, once pinnately divided. Ray-flowers absent. Achenes flattened.
Habitat: "In moist soil, often a weed in fields" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Prefers damp ground...a weed in waste places, pastures, and cultivated ground" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Probably our most abundant species...especially frequent on the Coastal Plain and in the Piedmont" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. 424, in sandy area 9/23/1966, Stieber 500 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). One county fresh-marsh station (on Magothy) mapped by Sipple 1978.
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1252. Bidens laevis (L.) B.S.P. 1888. Shr.495, B&B.1012
(Helianthus laevis L. 1753)
(Larger Bur-marigold, Smooth Bur-marigold, Brook Sunflower)
Erect native annual or perennial herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. Leaves lanceolate. Ray flowers 8-10, golden yellow.
Habitat: "Moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and wet meadows" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Wet places...a weed" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: E. of Upper Marlboro along the Patuxent R. 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1253. Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff B&B.1014
(Small-fruited Beggar-ticks) Annual herb.
Habitat: "Brackish to freshwater swamps" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare. Baltimore and Harford Counties, Eastern Shore of Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
1994: S2S3. Endangered.
Records: Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984).
1254. Bidens polylepis Blake B&B.1016
[Bidens involucrata (Nutt.) Britt. 1893]
(Coreopsis involucrata Nutt. 1834)
(Long-bracted Tickseed-sunflower, Bur-Marigold)
Native herb. Ray flowers yellow, very showy.
Habitat: "In swamps" (Britton & Brown 1913). "In fields at edge of woods" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at forest margin of old field east of spring house road; Stevens Farm, abundant along tractor trail through corn field; Higman 148, 1380 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1255. Bidens tripartita L. B&B.1012
[Bidens connata Muhl. var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farwell]
(Stick-tight) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "Waste places and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984). Swamps and moist soil.
Frequency: "Infrequent, mostly on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary on sandbar in bed of North Fork of Muddy Creek, upstream from old entrance road, Higman 168 (CBC) (As var. petiolata; Higman 1977). "Sandbar of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As B. connata var. petiolata) (Stieber 1971).
1256. Bidens vulgata Greene 1899 B&B.1014
(Beggar Ticks) Native annual herb.
Habitat: Weed. "Rich, moist soil; ditches, waste areas and cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Usually common" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
1257. Carduus nutans L. 1753 B&B.1039
(Nodding Thistle, Musk Thistle)
Biennial herb naturalized from Eurasia. Ht. 1.5-3 ft. Flowers rose-purple. Leaves very prickly.
Habitat: "In waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Waste places, fields" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Rt. 10 roadsides near Marley Station Road 5/31/1989, Longbottom 100 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
1258. Centaurea cyanus L. 1753. Shr.497, B&B.1045
(Cornflower, Bachelor's Button, Corn Blue-bottle)
Annual or winter annual herb, ht. 1-3 ft., probably naturalized from Europe. Flowers bright blue. Leaves linear.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "Waste places, escaped from gardens" (Britton & Brown 1913). "An ornamental...escapes to become a weed (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; locally common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on tractor trail to grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 808 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Vacant lot above south end of Riva Bridge (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1259. Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. 1853 B&B.1047
(Centaurea dubia Suter.)
(Star Thistle, Short-fringed Knapweed)
Perennial herb introduced from Europe. Flowers rose-purple.
Habitat: "Fields and roadsides" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "Waste grounds" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Edgewater, solitary beside Post Office parking lot (South River drainage), Higman 1374 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1260. Centaurea maculosa Lam. 1783 B&B.1047
(Spotted Knapweed)
Biennial or perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Ht. 1.5-3 ft. Flowers rose-purple.
Habitat: "A plant of dry, sterile, or sandy ground...along roadsides and in abandoned fields" (Fogg 1956). "A weed...in waste and cultivated ground, especially where dry" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, roadsides, and barnyards" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3 at I-97, Longbottom 780 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
1261. Chondrilla juncea L. 1753. Shr.487, B&B.1055
(Skeleton Weed, Gum Succory)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe.
Habitat: "In dry forests and waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In dry fields and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Common in the Western Shore District of the Coastal Zone, rare in the Eastern Shore" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Vicinity Elvaton/Waterford (Plitt 7/2/1904). Sandy Point Park in a sandy beach of the bay 9/14/1946, E.H.Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along tractor trail to Colhoun's hog pond, Higman 1024, 1218 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1262. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. 1753. Shr.496, B&B.1025
(Ox-eye Daisy, Common Daisy)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Ray-flowers white, Disk-flowers yellow.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...meadows, roadsides, pastures" (Jaques 1959). "Waste places, meadows, pastures, and road sides" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 516 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 8/6/1966, Stieber 517 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1263. Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Ell. 1824. Shr.490, B&B.942
(Inula mariana L. 1763)
(Maryland Golden Aster) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry barrens" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry sandy to rocky soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Glen Burnie 1899 (Sipple 1999, p.338). Patuxent Community Pond, in open fields 9/23/1966, Stieber 519 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Infrequent in old field near Beverly Lake, behind old Beverly Beach resort, Higman 1384 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Truxtun Park.
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
1264. Cichorium intybus L. 1753. Shr.487, B&B.1049
(Common Chicory)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers blue. Leaves irregularly lobed.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A roadside, field, or pasture weed" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, roadsides, and waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; locally common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, open sunny area, sandy clay 6/20/1966, Stieber 583 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 584 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at north end of spring house road; Ivy Neck, infrequent at margins of corn fields on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 952 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1265. Cichorum intybus L. forma alba Neum. B&B.1049
(Chicory).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at north end of spring house road; Ivy Neck, infrequent at margins of corn fields on Cheston Peninsula, Higman 952 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Frequency: "Has been observed in Western Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Herbaria: CBC.
1266. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 1772. B&B.1041
(Serratula arvensis L. 1753)
(Canadian Thistle, Canada Thistle)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers reddish-purple. Ht. 1-3 ft.
Habitat: "A persistent weed...in waste places, pastures, fields,
etc." (Jaques 1959). "Pastures, roadsides, waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Java Farm, solitary beside old entrance road, near main building area; Ivy Neck, infrequent along roads and field margins (sprayed & cut in 1967), Higman 888 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1267. Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. 1826. B&B.1041
[Carduus discolor (Muhl.) Nutt.] Shr.497
(Cnicus discolor Muhl. 1804)
[Cnicus altissimus (L.) Spreng. var. discolor Gray]
(Field Thistle) Erect native prickly perennial herb.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed" (Fogg 1956). "Fields, stream banks, and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Davidsonville Rd. at Rt. 50, 1-2 m. stand in a grassy roadside area 9/16/1966, Stieber 576 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in old fields (grassy areas) south of main building area, and along old entrance road, Higman 44, 337 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1268. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore B&B.1041
[Circium lanceolatum (L.) Hill 1769]
(Carduus lanceolatus L. 1753) Shr.497
(Bull Thistle)
Biennial naturalized from Eurasia. Ht. 3-5 ft.
Habitat: "In fields and waste places" (Britton & Brown 1913). "A weed...in pastures, fields, and neglected land" (Jaques 1959). "Roadsides, pastures, and waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). "Mostly in pastures and roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent on the Coastal Plain; more frequent westward" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Near St. James Church, in a grassy field 7/27/1966, Stieber 577 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, solitary at edge of corn field near head of Cheston Creek, Higman 1220 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1269. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. B&B.980
[Leptilon canadense (L.) Britton 1898] Shr.493
(Erigeron canadensis L. 1753)
(Horse-weed)
Native erect annual herb. Ht. 1-8 ft. Disk-flowers yellow, ray-flowers white.
Habitat: "In cultivated and waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). "A persistent weed...in meadows, fields, and pastures" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, roadsides, and waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Common weed.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, edge of a pine-oak woods, sandy soil 9/2/1966, Stieber 555 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields south of main building area, Higman 11 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (As Erigeron canadensis; Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property).
Herbaria: CBC (As E. canadensis). US & LCU (As E. canadensis) (Stieber 1971).
1270. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. pusillus (Nutt.) Cronq. B&B.980
(Erigeron pusillus Nutt.)
(Fleabane) Herb.
Habitat: "Dry sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy soil 8/6/1966, Stieber 557 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1271. Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg 1825-27. B&B.1009
(Large-flowered Tickseed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "Sandy or rocky thickets and fields" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sand 9/2/1966, Stieber 504 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 9/3 & 16/1966, Stieber 503 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1272. Coreopsis lanceolata L. 1753. B&B.1009
(Lance-leaved Tickseed)
Native perennial herb, escaping from cultivation. Flowers yellow.
Habitat: "Rich or damp soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry or moist soil" (Britton & Brown 1913). "A weed...along roadsides and in open fields and meadows" (Fogg 1956). "Sandy or rocky soil" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. 424, sandy soil 6/20/1966, Stieber 502 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1273. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. B&B: Not listed.
(Common Cosmos) Mexican herb, escaped from cultivation.
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1274. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. 1848. Shr.494, B&B.996
(Verbesina alba L. 1753)
(Yerba-de-Tajo) Introduced annual herb. White flowers.
Habitat: "Wet river-banks and waste places" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In open wet situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in rotted stump beside Noth Fork of Muddy Creek, just below upstream limit of salt marsh, Higman 258 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Growing in a rotted stump beside a tidal portion of Muddy Creek" (Stieber 1971). One county fresh-marsh station (on Patuxent) mapped by Sipple 1978. Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1275. Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. 1804. Shr.489, B&B.925
(Carolina Elephant's Foot) Native erect perennial herb; corolla blue-purple. Stem leafy, stiff- hairy .
Habitat: "In dry woods" (Britton 1901) "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Infrequent in moist shaded areas, especially near streams." (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone, rare in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in mixed hardwood forest, especially near streams, Higman 37, 183 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Tentative identification: Truxtun Park, across gravel road from swimming pool 1986. Roadside at Lot 61, Severnway, Pines on Severn, Arnold, 9/4/2001, 8/6/2002, 9/8/2003.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1276. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. 1837. Shr.496, B&B.1030
(Senecio hieracifolius L. 1753)
(White Fireweed, Pilewort)
Native annual herb. Ht. 1-6 ft. Disk-flowers greenish-white.
Habitat: "Moist woods, and in recently burned clearings" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). In cultivated and waste grounds, being particularly common in burns and slashes in forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...old fields, pastures, roadside ditches, and moist woodland borders" (Fogg 1956).
Frequency: "Throughout the state" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Churchton, brushy waste ground at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L .B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. 424, sandy ground 9/2 & 23/1966, Stieber 518 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, Higman 50, 537 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1277. Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. 1807. Shr.493, B&B.978
(Aster annuus L. 1753)
(Daisy-Fleabane, White-top)
Native annual or biennial herb. Ht. 1-4 ft. Ray-flowers 40-70, usually white, disk-flowers yellow.
Habitat: "In cultivated grounds and waste places" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in meadows, fields, and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Fields,
roadsides, and waste places" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 9/9/1966, Stieber 554 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, also scattered along old entrance road, Higman 48, 750 (CBC) (Higman 1973). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1278. Erigeron philadelphicus L. 1753. B&B.978
(Common Fleabane, Philadelphia Fleabane)
Native perennial herb. Ray-flowers 100-150, pinkish to rose-red. Disk flowers yellow.
Habitat: "Generally in alluvial soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "A weed...in pastures, meadows, etc." (Jaques 1959). "Rich thickets, fields, and open woods" (Niering & Olmstead 1979).
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary in grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 726 (CBC) (Higman 1991). "One station in a grassy field at Ivy Neck" (Stieber 1971). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1279. Erigeron pulchellus Michx. 1803. Shr.493, B&B.978
(Robin's Plantain)
Erect native perennial herb. Ht. 1-2 ft. Ray-flowers about 50, blue. Disk-flowers greenish-yellow,
Habitat: "Copses and moist banks" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in pastures and meadows" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, damp woods 8/8/1966, Stieber 556 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary at dumpster behind main buildings, site now destroyed, Higman 1393 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
1280. Erigeron strigosus Muhl. 1804. B&B.978
[Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) BSP 1888] Shr.493
(Narrow-leaved Daisy Fleabane; White-Top)
Erect native annual or biennial herb. Ht. 1-4 ft. Ray-flowers white, disk-flowers yellow.
Habitat: "A weed...in meadows and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Open fields, especially meadows and pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "A very common weed, especially from the fall line westward" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent in old fields south of main building area and south of Fox Point Road, Higman 49, 122 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1281. Eupatorium album L. 1767. B&B.931
(White Thoroughwort)
Erect native perennial herb, to 3 ft. Leaves opposite. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Sandy pine woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Plain, infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (See The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1282. Eupatorium altissimum L. 1753 Shr.490, B&B.933
[Ageratina altissima (L.) King & Robinson]
(Tall Thoroughwort) Tall erect herb, to 6 ft. Leaves opposite. Flowers white.
(Habitat: "In dry open places" (Britton 1901). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Upper Midland District and Mountain Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1283. Eupatorium coelestinum L. 1753. Shr.490, B&B.933
[Conoclinium coelistinum (L.) DC. 1836]
(Mistflower; Blue Boneset)
Erect native perennial herb. Ht. usually 10-16". Leaves opposite. Flowers blue or violet.
Habitat: "In moist soil" (Britton 1901). "Clearings and old fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Frequent in the Piedmont region, less common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary along old Contees Wharf Road, along north border through mixed hardwood forest; Ivy Neck, solitary in shady swale of Cheston Creek drainage; Higman 1057, 1086 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (old field near Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1284. Eupatorium coelestinum L. (white-flowered form) B&B: unlisted.
Records: Fairhaven, calcareous clay-loam soil along a road near some wild rice Aug. 1921, W. A. Dayton (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US.
1285. Eupatorium dubium Willd. B&B.928
(Joe-Pye Weed)
Erect native perennial herb. Stem 3-10', solid or hollow. Base of leaf 3-veined, tapers abruptly. Leaves in whorls of 3-4. Flowers purple.
Habitat: "A weed...preferring damp locations" (Jaques 1959). "Swamps and acid soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Common in the Piedmont and on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park, Marley Creek swamp, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Angels bog 9/30/90 (Longbottom pc 1991).
1286. Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt B&B.931
[Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus (Barratt ex Hook.) King & Robinson]
(Hollow Joe-Pye Weed)
Tall (6-8 ft.) unbranched native perennial herb. Stem hollow. Leaves long-tapering at base, in whorls of 4-7. Flowers 7 or less per head, purple.
Habitat: "Moist or dry soils of woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain; common in the upper Midland and Mountain Zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Sightings: Jabez Branch below Hog Farm Road. Chase Creek watershed (near Ruckers Pond 8/17/1999).
1287. Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. 1753. Shr.490, B&B.933
(Hyssop-leaved Thoroughwort)
Erect native perennial herb. Leaves opposite, very narrow. Flowers white.
Habitat: "In dry fields" (Britton 1901). "In moist open situations"
(Shreve et al 1910). "Dry to moist woods, fields, and salt meadows" Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (old field near Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1288. Eupatorium hyssopifolium L. var. laciniatum Gray B&B.933
(Thoroughwort) Herb.
Habitat: "In old fields" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Reported from Prince George's County and D.C." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, solitary in two old fields, Higman 136, 423 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1289. Eupatorium maculatum L. 1755 B&B.928
[Eupatorium maculatum (L.) King & Robinson]
[Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl.]
(Spotted Joe-Pye Weed)
Tall perennial herb. Stem solid, to 6'. Leaves long-tapering at base, in whorls of 4-5. Flowers purple, 9 or more per head.
Habitat: "Moist soil of thickets and grassland" (Brown & Brown 1984). Swamps and moist acidic soils.
Frequency: "Common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered Extirpated.
Records: Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1290. Eupatorium perfoliatum L. 1753. Shr.490, B&B.933
(Boneset; Common Thoroughwort)
Large erect native perennial herb. Ht. 2-5 ft. Opposite leaves
joined. Flowers white.
Habitat: "In moist open situations, marshes and swamps" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in pastures and waste ground, especially where damp" (Jaques 1959). "Wet soils of low woods and open, uncultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Rt. 424, near Rt. 3, in a moist ditch, shaded edge of a woods 9/2/1966, Stieber 568 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary on floodplain of North Fork of Muddy Creek; Ivy Neck, solitary in moist pine-hardwoods forest on lower Cheston Peninsula, Higman 68 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Four county fresh-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Wet meadow above Kinder Park Pond 6/10/1992 (Sipple 1993).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (near Ruckers Pond).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1291. Eupatorium pilosum Walt. 1788. B&B.931
(Eupatorium verbenaefolium Michx. 1803) Shr.489
[Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. saundersii (Porter) Cron.]
(Rough Thoroughwort, Vervain Thoroughwort)
Large erect native perennial herb. Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Moist soil and bogs" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Bogs, damp sands, acid soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Coastal and Midland Zones" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E.C. & G.M.Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1292. Eupatorium purpureum L. 1753. Shr.489, B&B.928
(Green-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed; Sweet Joe-Pye-Weed; Tall or Purple Boneset)
Tall native perennial herb to 6 ft. Stem green, solid, purplish at nodes. Leaves in whorls of 2-5, not 3-veined. Flowers pale purplish.
Habitat: "Moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich, dry to moist woods" (Stieber 1971). "Rich soils of open woods and thickets, usually in drier places than related species" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, moist woods 9/9 & 10/3/1966, Stieber 569 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, with Mikania scandens 9/2/1966, Stieber 570 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 31 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Round Bay Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed: Rucker (lot 706, ca. 10 plants 8/18/1999).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1293. Eupatorium rotundifolium L. 1753. Shr.490, B&B.933
(Round-leaved Thoroughwort, Wild Horehound)
Erect native perennial herb. Leaves opposite, mostly broad-ovate. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Dry soil" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In marshes, swamps, and moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). Dry to wet sandy or peaty-acid soils; open woods, clearings.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Oak Grove near Deale in a dry field 7/10/1945, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Cypress Creek Savanna (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Jacobsville Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: US (Steiber 1971).
1294. Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. B&B.935
[Ageratum altissima (L.) R. M. King & H. Robinson]
(Eupatorium urticaefolium Reichard 1780)
(Eupatorium ageratoides L. 1781) Shr.490
(White Snakeroot)
Erect native branching native herb. Ht. 1-4 ft. Leaves opposite. Flowers bright white.
Habitat: "Rich woods" (Robinson & Fernald 1908). "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...woods, pastures, fields, and roadsides"
(Jaques 1959). "Rich woods, thickets and clearings" (Steiber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state, being most common in the Mountain Zone" (Shreve et al 1910). "Frequent in the Piedmont, north Coastal Plain, Midlands and Western Maryland" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, in a moist woods 10/3/1966, Stieber 571 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Herndon Avenue, Bay Ridge (roadside bank, south of small pond - tentative identification, Gail Reed & Rucker 10/6/90).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1295. Eupatorium rugosum forma villicaule Fern. B&B: unlisted.
Records: Java Farm, solitary in grassy old field south of main buildings, Higman 488 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1296. Eupatorium serotinum Michx. 1803. B&B.935
(Late-flowering Throughwort)
Much-branching native perennial herb to 6 ft. Flowers white.
Habitat: "Damp to dry thickets, edge of woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Frequent on the Coastal Plain, rare in the Piedmont" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beach of the Severn, just W. of the mouth of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, shore of the bay at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, grassy roadside 9/16 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 574 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 79, 127 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Beachwood Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Ruckers Pond).
Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1297. Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake B&B.1018
(Galinsoga parviflora Cav. var. hispida DC.)
(Hispid Galinsoga, Raceweed, Quickweed)
Pubescent, branching annual herb naturalized from tropical America. Stems weak, 1-2 ft. Ray-flowers 4-5, white.
Habitat: "A very common and highly persistent weed, maturing quickly" (Jaques 1959). "Common weed of gardens, lawns and roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Spreads rapidly; several generations per year.
Records: Shaded area along Rt. 648 & jct. Rt. 2, 6/20/1966, Stieber 505 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Ivy Neck, infrequent along roadsides and tractor trails, Higman 836, 1060 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1298. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. 1753. Shr.494, B&B.987
(Sweet Everlasting, Sweet Balsam, Catfoot, Old-field Balsam)
Fragrant, erect woolly annual or winter annual native herb. Ht. 1-3 ft. Flowers white.
Habitat: "A weed...fields, pastures, meadows, and waste places" (Fogg
1956). "Dry clearings, borders of woods, and fields" (Stieber 1971).
"Pastures, fields, and woodland borders" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 9/2/1966, Stieber 564 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, open field at Cape Anne 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, common in sandy-clay area & grassy road embankment 10/29/1966, Stieber 563 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in old fields, especially in grassy area south of main building area, Higman 51, 229 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1299. Gnaphalium purpureum L. 1753. Shr.494, B&B.987
(Purple Cudweed)
Erect woolly annual or biennial native herb.
Habitat: "Usually in dry or sandy soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. near Rt. 50, grassy roadside embankment & in sandy clay 6/7/1966, Stieber 565 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Java Farm, solitary on south slope of old orchard above Phalaris meadow, Higman 1120 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1300. Helenium flexuosum Raf. B&B.1020
(Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. 1841)
(Helenium polyphyllum)
(Purple Sneezeweed, Southern Sneezeweed)
Perennial herb; disk brown or purplish.
Habitat: "Moist soil and waste areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent throughout" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beverly-Triton Beach, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1993).
1301. Helianthus angustifolius L. Shr.495, B&B.1001
(Narrow-leaved Sunflower)
Tall biennial or perennial herb.
Habitat: "In open moist situations, preferring sandy soil" (Shreve et al 1910). "Wet pinelands and swampy thickets" (Grimm 1968). "In wet, acid soils of bogs and swampy woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Records: Noted early October 1986 by D. H. Williams: "abundant in moist soil in partial sun near pines at edge of marsh on Mezick Pond at beginning of interpretive trail on south side of Sandy Point State Park opposite gate".
1302. Helianthus annuus L. 1753. B&B.1000
(Common Sunflower)
Tall (3-7 ft.) erect annual herb. Native to western states; escape from cultivation locally.
Habitat: "Often cultivated for its seed...a weed in fields, roadsides, and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, bottomlands and rich soil" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Near St. James Church in a grassy field 9/16/1966, Stieber 494 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1303. Helianthus mollis Lam. 1789. Shr.495, B&B.1001
(Hairy Sunflower) Tall perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry soils; fields or open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: Noted from A. A. County (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Rare" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: One A. A. Co. station (1942) (Broome et al Dec. 1979).
1304. Helianthus tuberosus L. B&B.1004
(Jerusalem Artichoke)
Native perennial herb. Stem branching, 5-10 feet. Ray-flowers 12-20, bright yellow.
Habitat: "A weed...cultivated for the tubers, escaping to damp waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Rich soils" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Often established near gardens after escaping from cultivation" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Solitary large clump on Md. Rt. 253 at culvert of Glebe Creek (South River watershed), Higman 1408 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC.
1305. Hieracium gronovii L. B&B.1065
(Hairy Hawkweed) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Open woodlands, weedy pastures, meadows, and edges of salt marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common in the Coastal Zone; frequent in the Midland Zone" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1306. Hieracium pratense Tausch 1828 B&B.1065
(Field Hawkweed, Yellow Hawkweed, Yellow Paintbrush, King Devil)
Long-hairy perennial European herb. 12-18" scape above basal rosette. Flowers bright yellow.
Habitat: "A weed...meadows, lawns, and pastures" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Becoming frequent". (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1307. Hieracium scabrum Michx. 1803. B&B.1065
(Rough Hawkweed) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry woodlands and pastures, often on sandy soils (Brown & Brown 1984). Fields and clearings.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent at old entrance gate in mixed Hardwood forest, and in old orchard above Phalaris meadow, Higman 191, 353 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1308. Hieracium venosum L. 1753. B&B.1065
(Rattlesnake Weed, Veined Hawkweed)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: Dry open woods, clearings, and dry terraces along estuaries.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along estuary shores in chestnut oak community, Higman 655, 842 (CBC) (Higman 1977). College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1309. Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby 1887. B&B.940
(Inula subaxillaris Lam. 1799)
(Camphorweed) Annual or biennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry, sandy fields or roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Eastern Shore, where it is a common weed" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
1310. Hypochaeris radicata L. 1753. B&B.1051
(Long-rooted Cat's-ear, False Dandelion).
European perennial herb. 1-2 ft. stems smooth, often branching. Leaves all basal. Flowers yellow.
Habitat: "A [lawn] weed...prefers light sandy or gravelly situations" (Fogg 1956). "A weed...in meadows, lawns, and waste places" (Jaques 1959). "Fields, lawns and waste places" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; mostly on the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jacobsville Park, Quiet Waters Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
1311. Iva frutescens L. 1753 Shr.489, B&B.318
(Iva oraria Bartlett 1906)
Iva frutescens L. var. oraria (Bartlett) Fernald & Grisc.
Md. plants are the above variety. In Va. this passes into the more southern var. frutescens
(See Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
(Low-tide Bush, Marsh Elder) Large native shrub. Lower leaves opposite.
Habitat: "Along the margins of salt and brackish marshes, and along the banks of estuaries" (Shreve et al 1910). Prefers wetter sites than does Baccharis halimifolia - "A definite wetland species under natural conditions" (Sipple 1978).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 10/25/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Herald Harbor, sandy beach 8/21/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber1967). NE of Annapolis, E. bank of the Severn, wet beach10/9/1938, F. J. Hermann (US) (Stieber 1967). Churchton, Cape Anne, ina saltmarsh 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, alongthe sandy beach 8/8 & 9/9/1966, Stieber 506 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Muddy Creek 8/13/1971 (Sipple 1993). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, abundant to moderately abundant in salt marshes, especially along tidal channels bordering on estuaries; infrequent in drier or Fresher parts of salt marshes, Higman 53, 114 (CBC) (Higman 1977). 25 County brackish-marsh stations mapped (As var. oraria) by Sipple 1978. Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Sightings: Sullivan Cove marsh. Cove of Cork sandbar. Sackett property at Rock Cove. Shore at Meadow Point 7/29/1991, codominant w/Baccharis. Mill Creek, mouth Blackhole Creek, Cattail Creek, Ross Cove (all Magothy River; Longbottom pc 1991). Tar Cove of Rock Creek (Longbottom 9/28/1991, pc).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1312. Krigia dandelion (L.) Nutt. 1818. B&B.1049
[Cynthia dandelion (L.) DC 1838]
(Tragopogon dandelion L. 1763)
[Adopogon dandelion (L.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.487
(Potato Dandelion)
Perennial herb. Scape leafless.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Fields and edge of wooded areas" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: Range Md. to Fla., etc. "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B3 (State rare). 1991: Endangered.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
1313. Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. 1804 B&B.1049
(Hyoseris virginica L. 1753)
(Dwarf Dandelion)
Native annual or winter annual herb.
Habitat: "In dry, poor soils; often in fields cultivated the preceding summer" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Common, especially on coastal sands" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Stevens Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 1387 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary 6/1/1988 (Sipple 1993). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). BG&E transmission line r/w off Marley Station Boulevard by Sipple 6/3/2000 (see The Maryland Naturalist, Summer 2001.
Sightings: Power line r/w near Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC.
1314. Krigia occidentalis Nutt. 1834. B&B: unlisted.
[Cynthia occidentalis (Nutt.) Standley 1911]
(Western Dwarf Dandelion)
Perennial herb.
Frequency: Native to praries of Missouri, Kansas & Texas (Britton & Brown 1913).
Habitat: "Open fields, sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, moist sandy soil 6/14/1966, Stieber 585 (LCU) (Stieber 1967)
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
1315. Lactuca canadensis L. 1753. Shr.488, B&B.1058
(Wild Lettuce, Wild Tall Lettuce, Horseweed)
Coarse, tall (to 8 feet) native annual or biennial herb. Leaves smooth, without spines. Flowers 12-22 per head, yellow.
Habitat: Moist soil. "In forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
"A weed...old fields and roadsides" (Fogg 1956). "Thickets, borders of woods, and clearings" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, tall growth near the riverbank 7/21/1966, Stieber 581 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in old fields, Higman 331 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1316. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Shr.488, B&B.1060
(Florida Blue Lettuce)
Biennial herb to 6 feet. Flowers blue.
Habitat: "Rich, moist soils, mostly in partial shade." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Infrequent; Cecil & Baltimore Counties, also Delaware & W-B area." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Vicinity of Round bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991).
1317. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. B&B.1060
(Wild Lettuce)
Soft-hairy tall native biennial herb.
Habitat: Rich moist soils.
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road through mixed hardwood forest, Higman 30 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Along a road at Java Farm" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1318. Lactuca scariola L. 1756. Shr.488, B&B.1058
(Prickly Lettuce)
Tall (2-7 ft.) annual, winter annual, or biennial herb naturalized from Europe. Leaves with prickly margins. Flowers yellow, 8-12 per head.
Habitat: "In waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...in gardens, fields, and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; locally common" (Shreve et al 1910).
"Occasional on Coastal Plain; locally common throughout western part of state" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Entrance to Balt-Wash. Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966, Stieber 582 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1319. Leontodon hispidis L. 1753. B&B.1051
(Leontodon hastile L. 1763)
[Aspargia hispida (L.) Willd. 1804]
(Rough Dandelion) European perennial herb.
Habitat: "Fields and waste grounds" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1320. Liatris graminifolia (Walt.) Willd. 1804. B&B.937
[Lacinaria graminifolia (Walt.) Kuntze 1891]
(Anonymos graminifolius Walt. 1788)
(Grass-leaved Blazing Star, Grass-leaved Lettuce, Loose-flowered Button-snakeroot)
Native erect unbranched perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry to moist pinelands, roadsides and clearings" (Stieber 1971). "Also at edges of saltmarshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Head of South R. estuary at Rt. 450, moist roadside embankment 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point, in chestnut oak community, Higman 430 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Sightings: Fishing Creek Farm on Duvall Creek off South River, on "a mini-barren - poor dry eroded/exposed soil in partial shade at edge of an island" 10/20/1986, by D. H. Williams.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1321. Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. 1804. B&B.935
(Eupatorium scandens L. 1753)
[Willuhbaeya scandens (L.) Kuntze 1891] Shr.490
(Also Willugbaeya, Willughbaea, Willoughbaea)
(Climbing Hempweed) Native herbaceous twining vine.
Habitat: "In marshes and moist open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "In swamps and moist soil" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Marley (Plitt 7/19/1899). Waysons Corner, swampy shore of the Patuxent 9/26/1948, L. B. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 424 near Rt. 3, climbing on Eupatorium 9/2/1966, Stieber 573 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in fresh marshes and near upland margins of salt marshes; infrequent in old fields; Higman 81, 146 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fifteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Picture Spring Branch: Nevamar Pond (Ecological Analysts 1983). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary
(Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (by Ruckers Pond). Saltworks Creek marsh. Head of Old Man Creek 8/20/1989, Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1322. Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. 1836. B&B.982
(Erigeron camphoratum L. 1763)
(Apparently Pluchea petiolata of Britton & Brown 1913)
(Inland Marsh-fleabane, Camphorweed) Native annual herb.
Habitat: "In moist soil, often in woods" (As P. petiolata; Britton 1901). Wet woods, fresh to brackish marshes, meadows, ditches, shores.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Beach of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E.C. & G.M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US (Stieber 1971).
1323. Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC. Shr.493, B&B.982
(Apparently Pluchea camphorata of Britton & Brown 1913)
(Saltmarsh Fleabane, Purple Marsh-fleabane) Herb.
Habitat: "In salt marshes" (As P. camphorata; Britton 1901). "In salt and brackish marshes" (Shreve et al 1910). "Salt marshes; much less common in fresh marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Manresa, riverbank 10/3/1966, Stieber 559 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Eighteen county brackish-marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
Sightings: Saltworks Creek marsh. Lake Marion 1990. Head of Old Man Creek 8/20/1989, brackish marsh of Cypress Creek Bog 8/4/1990 (Longbottom pc).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
1324. Polymnia uvedalia L. Shr.494, B&B.990
[Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mackenz. ex Small]
(Yellow-flowered Leafcup, Large-flowered Leafcup)
Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In rich woods" (Britton 1901). "In moist forests and open situations" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Intersection Rt. 2 & Rt. 408, twd. Lothian P.O. 8/10/90, Longbottom 989 (AACC).
Herbaria: AACC.
1325. Prenanthes racemosa Michx. 1803 B&B: Unlisted.
[Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) DC. 1838]
(Glaucous White-lettuce) Tall, alternate-leaved perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist open places" (Britton 1901). "Streambanks, moist meadows and prairies" (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Frequency: "Que. to N.J., w. to Alta. & Colo." (Gleason & Cronquist 1991).
Records: Smithsonian property (1993 index to CBC herbarium).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993).
1326. Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. 1838. B&B.1060
(Leontodon carolinianum Walt. 1788)
(Carolina False-dandelion, Leafy-stemmed False Dandelion)
Tall native herb.
Habitat: Dry fields, pastures and roadsides.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary along tractor trail to grassy old field on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 957, 1402 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1327. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. B&B: Not listed.
Tall perennial herb, rays yellow to purple.
(Coneflower)
Habitat: "Prairies and waste ground" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963)
Frequency: "a prairie plant...apparently a waif in the East" (Sipple 1993, p.125)
Records: "Found with K-31 (Kentucky fescue, Arundinacea festuca) on roadside along Catherine Avenue at Magothy River headwaters" (Sipple, 1993).
1328. Rudbeckia hirta L. 1753. Shr.494, B&B.996
(Black-eyed Susan)
Rough-hairy, erect native herb. Annual to perennial, usually a biennial.
Habitat: "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...old fallow farms, and cultivated areas" (Fogg 1956). Banks, roadsides, and barrens.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Near St. James Church, near Lyons Creek branch, grassy hillside 6/27, 8/6, & 10/29/1966, Stieber 499 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. 424, sandy area 7/21/1966, Stieber 498 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1329. Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw. B&B.998
(Rudbeckia serotina Nutt.)
(Black-eyed Susan) Herb.
Habitat: "Abandoned fields and roadsides" (Stieber 1971). "Widespread, especially in disturbed habitats" (Gleason & Cronquist 1963)
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent to moderately abundant in grassy old fields on Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 816, 1242 (CBC) (As R. serotina; Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1330. Senecio anonymus
(Senecio smallii Britt.) B&B.1033
(Small's Ragwort) Perennial herb.
Habitat: "Open woods and fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
1331. Senecio aureus L. 1753. Shr.496, B&B.1036
(Golden Ragwort, Golden Groundsel)
Native perennial herb. Yellow.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Swamps, bogs, wet meadows, and bottomlands.
Frequency: "Rare in the Coastal Zone; common in the Midland and Mountain Zones" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: No locale 6/8/1880, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1332. Senecio obovatus Muhl. 1804. B&B.1036
(Round-leaved Ragwort, Round-leaved Squaw-weed)
Native perennial herb. Yellow.
Habitat: Moist soil; woodland slopes, ravines and banks.
Frequency: "Upper Midland District" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at source of small tributary to Fox Creek estuary, in elm-locust woods (slave cemetery), Higman 1151 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Along Fox Creek estuary" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1333. Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B.S.P. 1888. B&B.980
(Aster paternus Cron.)
(Conyza asteroides L. 1753)
(Toothed White-topped Aster) Herb.
Habitat: "Open dry woodland or roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent at Fox Point, in chestnut oak community, Higman 436, 1178 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Moist woods at Fox Point" (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1334. Solidago altissima L. 1753. B&B.952
(Tall Goldenrod) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: Usually dry soil; old fields, damp thickets, meadows, roadsides and clearings.
Frequency: Mapped in all Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: South River at Rt. 450, between the two branches on a dry roadside 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, abundant to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 142, 200, 350 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1335. Solidago arguta Aiton 1789. B&B.950
(Cut-leaved Goldenrod) Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: Rich soil. "Open woods, thickets and clearings" (Steiber 1971). "...on steep, rocky hillsides adjacent to thin deciuduous woods" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: Mapped in Allegany, Washington, Harford & Cecil Counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Manresa, moist woods 10/3/1966, Stieber 520 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1336. Solidago bicolor L. 1767. Shr.491, B&B.944
(White Goldenrod) Native erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). Open woods, thickets, roadsides.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped in 17 Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary on west shore of Cheston Creek, in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 1068 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station on the west shore of Cheston Creek" (Stieber 1971). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1337. Solidago caesia L. 1753. Shr.491, B&B.947
(Blue-stemmed Goldenrod) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: "In moist and dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "A woodland species that tolerates more shade than S. bicolor" (Kolb 1991). Rich, rather dry deciduous woods and thickets.
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped in 15 Md. counties (only 5 on Coastal Plain, not Anne Arundel) by Kolb 1991.
Records: Head of South River at Rt. 450, edge of a woods 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stiebr 1967). Severn River at Rt. 50, in moist woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, 9/23/1966, Stieber 521 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, moist woods 10/2/1966, Stieber 522 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along old entrance road and around gate, in mixed hardwood forest, Higman 385, 406 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property)
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1338. Solidago canadensis L. var. salebrosa (Piper) Jones B&B: unlisted.
(Solidago elongata Nutt.)
(Goldenrod). Herb.
Frequency: Not listed by Kolb 1991, who states that "Only var. hargeri Fern. occurs in Md.", and maps hargeri only in 7 Md. counties from P. G. and Balt. westward. "W. U.S., e. across s. Canada to n. Minn., Me. & Lab." (Gleason & Cronquist 1963).
Habitat: "Edge of weedy thickets" (Stieber 1971).
Records: (As S. elongata) Near St. James Church, dense stands at the edge of a weedy thicket 8/12/1966, Stieber 583 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). LCU (Stieber 1971).
1339. Solidago erecta Pursh. B&B.945
(Slender Goldenrod) Erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Dry pine woodlands and sandy roadsides" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Infrequent along roadsides and in fields fallow for a few years" (Kolb 1991).
County Occurrence: Mapped in Anne Arundel (and 14 other counties) by Kolb 1991.
Records: Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
1340. Solidago fistulosa Mill. B&B.954
(Pine-barren Goldenrod) Tall erect perennial herb.
Habitat: "Moist soils of the Coastal Plain, especially under pines" (Brown & Brown 1984). "In light shade of mixed pine and deciduous woods on the Coastal Plain" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: "Infrequent" (Brown & Brown 1984).
County Occurrence: Mapped in Anne Arundel (and three lower Eastern Shore counties) by Kolb 1991).
1341. Solidago gigantea Aiton 1789. B&B.952
(Late Goldenrod) Tall native perennial herb.
Habitat: Borders of damp woods and thickets. "Growing in full sunshine...almost always where the soil is somewhat damp" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: Mapped in 15 Md. counties (but not A. A. or more southern counties) by Kolb 1991.
Records: Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, moist sandy clay 7/21/1966, Stieber 524 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Waysons Corner, moist woods 7/27/1966, Stieber 525 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Sightings: Vicinity of Round Bay Bog (Longbottom pc 1991)
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1342. Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. 1796. B&B.956
[Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. 1818] Shr.491
(Chrysocoma graminifolia L. 1753).
(Bushy, Fragrant, Grass-leaved, or Flat-topped Goldenrod)
Much-branched native perennial herb. Upper plant branches into corymbose infloresence. Leaves linear.
Habitat: "In dry situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...moist fields, and roadsides" (Jaques 1959). "Most abundant in damp, open areas; also on dunes and brackish marshes" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Not mapped by Kolb 1991.
Records: Rt. 3, S. of jct. Rt. 424, sandy area 8/6 & 9/2/1966, Stieber 528 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 9/16/1966, Stieber 526 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a weedy area 9/16/1966, Stieber 527 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant in old fields, also solitary in fresh part of Fox Creek tidal marsh, Higman 125, 245, 384 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Angels Bog (Sipple & Klockner 1984). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986b). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park, Governors Bridge gravel pits (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: Marley Creek swamp (Longbottom pc 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1343. Solidago hispida Muhl. 1804. B&B.945
(Hairy Goldenrod)
Native perennial herb. Stems erect, slender, to 3 ft., with axillary flower heads. Basal leaves larger.
Habitat: "Dry soils of open woods and rocky slopes" (Brown and Brown 1984). "A woods-edge species" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: "...nowhere abundant...most frequent in the mountain counties" (Kolb 1991). Mapped in Garr., All., Wash., Fred., Balt., & A. A. Counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Java Farm, solitary at Fox Point, in chestnut oak community, Higman 1133 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "In a moist woods at Fox Point" (Stieber 1971). Likely a dry woods, not wet.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1344. Solidago juncea Aiton 1789. Shr.491, B&B.950
(Early or Sharp-toothed Goldenrod)
Native perennial herb. Flower heads terminal.
Habitat: "In moist forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry soils, in fields, and, less commonly, in open woods" (Brown & Brown 1984). Dry rocky open areas.
Frequency: "Midland zone; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped in all Md. counties except Calvert by Kolb 1991. "Less common on the Coastal Plain" (Kolb 1991).
Records: Entrance to Balt-Wash Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966, Stieber 530 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct Rt. 424, sandy roadside 8/6 & 10/29/1966, Stieber 529 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 9/16/1966, Stieber 531 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent along Fox Point Road, also solitary in young Virginia pine stand in old field, Higman 21, 381 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1345. Solidago nemoralis Aiton 1789. Shr.491, B&B.947
(Dwarf Goldenrod, Old-field Goldenrod, Gray Goldenrod)
Pubescent native perennial herb. Flower head terminal.
Habitat: "In dry open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Dry open woods" (Steiber 1971). "An old field and roadside species on drier and more sterile soils than where S. altissima flourishes" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped in all Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Patuxent River at Rt. 50, sandy clay 10/29/1966, Stieber 532 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, solitary in old field north of Fox Point Road, Higman 373 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1346. Solidago odora Aiton 1789. Shr.491, B&B.954
(Sweet Goldenrod, Anise-scented Goldenrod)
Slender native perennial herb. Panicle terminal. Leaves entire.
Habitat: In dry forests" (Shreve et al 1910). "Along riverbanks" (Stieber 1971). "In dry, open or lightly shaded soils...dry forests" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "Common in dry forests of the Coastal Plain" (Brown & Brown 1984). Mapped from A. A. & 13 other southeastern Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Valentine Creek, on sandy banks 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Magothy River near a roadside swamp 8/18/1960, N. Hotchkiss & E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). Upland site between Lake Waterford and Route 2 on 8/25/1989 (Sipple 1993). Gravel pit area NW of Earleigh Heights Road 7/20/1991 (Sipple 1993).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1347. Solidago puberula Nutt. 1818. B&B.945
(Downy Goldenrod)
Native perennial herb. Heads in axillary clusters. Puberulence only
visible with strong magnification.
Habitat: "Dry or peaty, sterile soils" (Stieber 1971). "Dry, rocky or sandy soils, often at the edge of clearings and on road banks" (Brown & Brown 1984). "Mostly on rather dry and sterile soils along roads or in thin woods" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: Mapped from A. A. & 14 other southeastern Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Glen Burnie 9/6/1902 C.C.Plitt (Sipple 1999, p.338). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, 9/16/1966, Stieber 534 (LCU)
(Stieber 1967). Rt. 3, S. of jct. 424, sandy area 9/23/1966, Stieber 535 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1348. Solidago rigida L. 1753 B&B.954
(Hard-leaved Goldenrod, Stiff-leaved Goldenrod)
Tall (1-5 ft.) native perennial herb. Upper plant branching into corymbose infloresence. Upper leaves clasp stem. Large basal leaves.
Habitat: "A weed...in poor dry soil" (Jaques 1959). "Dry open woods or open areas, especially in gravelly to sandy soil" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: An Emmitsburg (Frederick Co.) specimen at MARY is the only one known to Kolb (1991).
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered extirpated.
County Occurrence: Listed for Anne Arundel County by Matthews 1987.
Records: Tentative identification by Higman: along east side of Rt. 2, a bit south of junction with Pike Ridge Road, Edgewater (South River watershed, Higman 1407 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC (tentative identification).
1349. Solidago rugosa Aiton B&B.954
(Tall Hairy Goldenrod, Wrinkled Goldenrod, Wrinkled-leaf Goldenrod,
Bit5erweed)
Native perennial herb. Terminal panicle.
Habitat: "In dry forests and open situations" Shreve et al 1910). "A weed..in dry fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Damp soils, in fields and along roadsides, ditches, swamp margins and woodland borders" (Brown & Brown 1984). Most variable in habitat (see Kolb 1991).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910). "One of our most abundant species" (Brown & Brown 1984). Mapped in all Md. counties by Kolb 1991.
Records: Severn River at Rt. 50, sandy woods 11/12/1949, E. P. Killip (US) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields, Higman 330, 349, 437 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1350. Solidago rugosa Mill. var. aspera (Ait.) Cron. B&B.954
(Goldenrod)
Frequency: "...has been collected in Worcester and Prince Georges County" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Rt. 424, near Rt. 3, roadside with other Solidago 10/29/1966, Stieber 536 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1967).
1351. Solidago sempervirens L. 1753. Shr.491, B&B.947
(Seaside Goldenrod)
Native perennial herb. Terminal panicle. Leaves fleshy or leathery.
Habitat: "In marshes and swamps and on the strand" (Shreve et al 1910.) Sandy soil; brackish marshes and beaches.
Frequency: "Coastal Zone; common" (Shreve et al 1910). Mapped in all 16 counties in tidal Md. by Kolb 1991.
Records: No locale 10/25/1879, J. D. Smith (US) (Stieber 1967). Shore at Marley Bridge (Plitt 9/6/1899). North shore of Valentine Creek 8/19/1927, E. C. & G. M. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967). South River at Broad Creek salt marsh by Porter Point 9/14/1946, E. H. Walker (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, swamp of the Severn 9/9/1966, Stieber 537 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent in salt marshes, Higman 213 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Twenty county brackish marsh stations mapped by Sipple 1978. College Creek Woods (Williams 1986a). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991). Beachwood park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Ross Cove of Magothy River 9/28/1991, Cattail Creek of Magothy River (Longbottom pc 1991). Sullivan Cove marsh.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1352. Solidago speciosa Nutt. Shr.491, B&B.947
(Showy Goldenrod)
Large native perennial herb. Heads in axillary clusters.
Habitat: Rich soil. "Dry to moist thickets, open woods" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: Mapped in Balt., A. A., P. G., and Calvert Counties by Kolb 1991.
Heritage Rating: 1988: B2 (Highly state rare). 1991: Endangered.
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, edge of a damp woods 9/23/1966, Stieber 538 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1353. Solidago tenuifolia Pursh 1814. B&B.956
[Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Greene]
(Slender Goldenrod, Fragrant Goldenrod)
Erect native herb. Upper plant branching into corymbose infloresence.
Habitat: "Damp to dry sandy soil" (Stieber 1971).
Frequency: "Frequent on Assateague, Worcester and Wicomico Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984). Not mapped in Md. by Kolb 1991.
Records: Entrance of the Balt-Wash Pkwy. N. of Ft. Meade 8/6/1966, Stieber 540 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent R. at Rt. 50, sandy clay 10/29/1966, Stieber 539 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1354. Solidago uliginosa Nutt. 1834. B&B.950
(Bog Goldenrod, Swamp Goldenrod)
Native perennial herb. Terminal panicle.
Habitat: "Acid swamps, meadows and thickets" (Stieber 1971). Frequent in bogs of the Appalachian Plateau" (Kolb 1991).
Frequency: Mapped for Garrett, Baltimore, and Prince George's Counties, but not Anne Arundel by Kolb 1991.
Heritage Rating: 1988: C (State declining). 1991: Watchlist.
Records: Manresa, boggy backwash of the Severn R. 10/3/1966, Stieber 541 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (Stieber 1971).
1355. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill 1769. B&B.1057
[Sonchus asper (L.) All.] Shr.488
(Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L. 1753)
(Spiny Sow-thistle)
Tall (to 5 ft.) annual herb naturalized from Europe. Leaf margins very spiny, seldom lobed.
Habitat: "In waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...gardens, fields, and waste land" (Jaques 1959). "Weed of waste places and cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; frequent" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at base of ruined silo at main building area (site now destroyed), Higman 6 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "One station near a silo at Java Farm". (Stieber 1971). Lake Waterford Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1356. Sonchus oleraceus L. Shr.488, B&B.1057
(Common Sow-thistle, Hare's Lettuce)
Coarse succulent annual herb introduced from Europe. Leaves somewhat spiny, lobed nearly to midrib.
Habitat: "A weed...cultivated land" (Jaques 1959). "Waste places and cultivated fields" (Brown & Brown 1984)
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Hancock's Resolution (Envirens 1991).
1357. Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. B&B.1055
[Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC]
(Red-seeded Dandelion)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Smaller plant than T. officinale; leaves often more deeply and finely lobed. Achenes dark red or reddish-purple.
Habitat: "A weed...with [T. officinale]" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Rare on the Coastal Plain; infrequent in other sections" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989).
1358. Taraxacum latilobum DC. 1838. B&B: unlisted.
(Mountain Dandelion) Native perennial herb.
Habitat: Moist places.
Frequency: "Newfoundland to Labrador to Quebec" (Britton & Brown 1913).
Records: Java Farm, solitary at old entrance gate, Higman 1131 (CBC)
(Higman 1977). "One station at entrance to old Muddy Creek road." (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (Steiber 1971).
1359. Taraxacum officinale Weber 1780. B&B.1055
[Taraxicum taraxicum (L.) Karst. 1880-83] Shr.488
(Leontodon taraxicum L. 1753)
(Common Dandelion)
Perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Achenes greenish-brown.
Habitat: "Cultivated grounds and waste situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "A weed...often very abundant in lawns, fields, and waste ground" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Patuxent Community Pond, sandy field 6/14/1966, Stieber 580 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, common in lawns, fields, etc. 10/30/1966, Stieber 579 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm & Ivy Neck, infrequent along unshaded roadsides, Higman 487, 579 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jacobsville Park, Poplar Ridge Park (Longbottom 1991). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Herbaria: CBC. LCU (Stieber 1971).
1360. Tragopogon pratensis L. B&B.1053
(Yellow Goat's-beard, Meadow Salsify)
Biennial or perennial herb naturalized from Europe. Flowers yellow.
Habitat: "A weed...along roadsides and in fields and waste land" (Jaques 1959).
Frequency: "Infrequent; Washington, Allegany, Garrett, and Worcester Counties" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Magothy Bridge Road near Old Magothy Bridge Road, Longbottom 665 (MARY).
Sightings: Masque Farm (Williams, pc 1991).
Herbaria: MARY.
1361. Tussilago farfara L. B&B.1028
(Coltsfoot)
Low perennial European herb. Leaves basal, stem scaly, to 18". Ray-flowers yellow; head resembles dandelion.
Habitat: "A weed...along waterways and in fields" (Jaques 1959).
"Common on damp, disturbed soil such as road cuts, strip mines and landfills." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Very prolific in Western Maryland." (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Java Farm, infrequent along old Muddy Creek Road, north of entrance gate, Higman 1359 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Herbaria: CBC.
1362. Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton 1893. Shr.495, B&B.1007
[Ridan alternifolius (L.) Britton]
[Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC. 1836].
(Coreopsis alternifolia L. 1753)
(Yellow Iron-weed, Wing-stem)
Tall (to 7 or 8 ft.) native perennial herb. Leaves alternate, pinnately veined. Ray-flowers 2-10, yellow. Stem winged.
Habitat: "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Rich soils, roadsides, fields and open woodland" (Brown & Brown 1984). Streambanks, borders of moist woods, thickets.
Frequency: "Midland and Mountain Zones; infrequent" (Shreve et al 1910). "Absent from the Coastal Plain" (Shreve et al 1910; p.75).
Records: Near St. James Church, edge of a field 8/12/1966, Stieber 497 (LCU) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: CBC (CBC 1993). US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1363. Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. 1788. Shr.495, B&B.1007
[Phaethusa occidentalis (L.) Britton]
(Siegesbeckia occidentalis L. 1753)
(Yellow Crownbeard, Small Yellow Crownbeard)
Tall (to 6 ft.) native perennial herb. Leaves opposite, with 3 main longitudinal veins. Ray-flowers 1-5, yellow. Stem winged.
Habitat: "In open situations" (Shreve et al 1910). "Woodlands, clearings, and poorly managed pastures" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: S. of Annapolis 8/18/1913, I. Tidestrom (US) (Stieber 1967). Manresa, tall stands along the RR tracks 8/8/1966, Stieber 495 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Near St. James Church, edge of a field and woods 9/16/1966, Stieber 496 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, moderately abundant to abundant in old fields, near margins of forest; noted at Contee Farm in same habitat, at forest margins of pasture; Higman 147 (CBC) (Higman 1977). Fishing Creek Farm (Williams 1986). Back Creek watershed (Williams 1989). Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary (Mason et al 1991).
Sightings: College Parkway roadside. Chase Creek watershed (Rucker property). Hacketts Point.
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1364. Vernonia glauca (L.) Willd. B&B.925
[Vernonia glauca (L.) Britton 1894)
(Serratula glauca L. 1753)
(Broad-leaved Ironweed)
Native perennial herb. Ht. to 5 ft. Flowers purplish. Pappus yellowish.
Habitat: "Rich, rocky woods" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Ivy Neck, infrequent along old road through mixed hardwood forest of Scaffold Peninsula, Higman 965 (CBC) (Higman 1977). "Along a road at Ivy Neck." (Stieber 1971).
Sightings: Head of small cove at upper shore of Saltworks Creek.
Herbaria: CBC. US (Stieber 1971).
1365. Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. B&B.925
[Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Willd. 1804] Shr.489
(Serratula noveboracensis L. 1753)
(New York Ironweed)
Large (3-6') native perennial herb. Purple flowers. Pappus purplish.
Habitat: "In marshes, swamps, open wet situations and cultivated grounds" (Shreve et al 1910). Moist thickets, fields. "Low grounds and margins of streams" (Stieber 1971).
Records: Near St. James Church, at edge of a cornfield 8/12 & 9/16/1966, Stieber (575) (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Patuxent Community Pond, along the edge of the pond 9/23/1966, Stieber 574 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Java Farm, infrequent near Fox Creek fresh marsh and North Fork of Muddy Creek at upstream limit of salt marsh, also solitary in old field east of spring house road, Higman 84, 129, 484 (CBC) (Higman 1977).
Herbaria: CBC. US & LCU (Stieber 1971).
1366. Xanthium strumarium L. B&B.990
(Common Cocklebur)
Native, cosmopolitan annual herb.
Habitat: "Waste places, roadsides, and low ground" (Niering & Olmstead 1979). "Fields, waste areas, floodplains" (Brown & Brown 1984).
Records: Manresa, riverbank area 9/9/1966, Stieber 510 (LCU) (Stieber 1967). Beachwood Park (Longbottom 1991).
Sightings: Chase Creek watershed (clearing near Rucker's Pond).
Herbaria: LCU (Stieber 1971).
1367. Xanthium strumarium L. var. canadense (Miller) T. & G. B&B.990
(Xanthium canadense) Shr.489
(Xanthium italicum Moretti)
This taxon is sometimes lumped under X. orientale L.
(Cocklebur) Annual herb.
Habitat: "In dry waste grounds" (Shreve et al 1910).
Frequency: "Throughout the state; common" (Shreve et al 1910).
Records: Curtis Bay (A. A. Co.? Plitt 8/23/1899).
1368. Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC) Cronq. B&B.990
(Xanthium chinense Mill.)
(Cocklebur) Herb.
Habitat: "Low grounds, waste places, roadsides" (Stieber 1971).
Records: (As X. chinense) Deale, in a weedy building lot 9/23/1956, E. C. Leonard (US) (Stieber 1967).
Herbaria: US (As X. chinense; Stieber 1971).
1369. Xanthium strumarium L. var. pensylvanicum Wallr. B&B.990
(Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr. 1842)
This taxon is sometimes lumped under X. orientale L.
(Pennsylvania Clotbur) Coarse native annual herb.
Habitat: Moist ground.
Records: Ivy Neck, solitary at sandbar of cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula below Sand Point, Higman 1030 (CBC) (As X. pennsylvanicum; Higman 1977). "Sandbar on Rhode River." (Stieber 1971).
Herbaria: CBC. US (As X. pensylvanicum; Stieber 1971).
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