ALDENHAM PSYCHOLOGY
Discuss the extent to which research into intelligence can be considered reliable (15).IntroductionReliability means ___________________________________________________________ Internal reliability is measured through split half reliability, which is ____________________External reliability can measured through test retest reliability, which means ______________ and also if the sample is large enough to be similar to the target population.Para 1: Internal ReliabilityPointIQ tests may lack internal (split half) reliability. ExplanationSplit half reliability means ExampleYerkes’ IQ tests showed very poor split half reliability because the 3 types of tests (alpha, beta and interview) along with a wide different types of questions, showed no internal consistency. One part was not consistent with another. ConclusionThis is problematic as it suggests that these tests were not reliable indicators of intelligence. ChallengeHowever more recent IQ tests and research into intelligence shows greater internal reliability, such as Raven’s Matrices. Yerkes’ intelligence tests crystallised (knowledge and language) intelligence whereas more recent tests assess fluid (problem solving) intelligence.Para 2: External Reliability: Test RetestPointResearch into intelligence is reliable as it shows good test re-test reliability. ExplanationTest re-test reliability means ExampleThe IQ tests used by Van Leeuwen et al. had test-retest reliability of 0.88 for the child’s version and 0.91 for the adult version. ConclusionHaving high levels of test retest reliability is important as it means that if the test was taken again a similar score would be achieved. ChallengeHowever it can be argued that being consistent over time is pointless if the way intelligence is being measured lacks validity. Para 3: External Reliability: Consistency across peoplePointThe methodology of research into intelligence can bring up issues of reliability through the small sample sizes used and the need for the research to be repeated.ExplanationExternal reliability can be limited by small sample sizes as there will be little confidence that the research can be applied to all people.ExampleIn Van Leeuwen ….ConclusionReliability is lowered by this methodological issue which is a problem because scientific research requires the highest standard of reliability. ................
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