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Online Supplemental MaterialAppendix AComparison of MTurk Sample and U.S. Census DataMTurk Sample (N = 375)U.S. Census DataAgeMedian = 36.0Median = 38.5Sex Male55.2%49.2% Female44.3%50.8%Race/Ethnicity African American/Black10.7%12.8% American Indian0.5%0.9% Asian American5.1%5.7% European American/White73.1%72.0% Hispanic/Latino(a)8.0%18.4% Middle Eastern/Arabic0.3%N/A Multiracial0.8%3.4%Educational Attainment Less Than High School Graduate1.3%11.5% High School Graduate10.9%27.6% Some College22.4%30.3% Bachelor’s Degree or Above64.8%30.6%Income Less Than $15,0006.1%9.8% $15,000–25,000 7.2%$15000–100,000: 58.8% $25,001–45,00025.3% $45,001–65,00025.3% $65,001–100,00024.5% More Than $100,00010.9%31.4%Note. U.S. Census data are based on the 2019 American Community Survey one-year estimate. In the U.S. Census data, people from the Middle East are considered White, the category of being Hispanic or Latino was separate from race, and data for educational attainment were obtained from people no younger than 18 years old.Appendix BStandardized Factor Loadings in the Measurement ModelIndicatorCFC-FCFC-IARPCPSPCPSVCARPFPSPFPSVF1.78.89.93.79.84.94.85.842.66.81.91.78.83.93.79.863.65.46.93.68.82.93.66.924.75.81.90.945.61.78.88.916.87.86.887.51Note. CFC = Consideration of Future Consequences; CFC-F = CFC-Future Subscale; CFC-I = CFC-Immediate Subscale; ARPC = Affective Risk Perception of COVID-19; PSPC = Perceived Susceptibility of COVID-19; PSVC = Perceived Severity of COVID-19; ARPF = Affective Risk Perception of Seasonal Flu; PSPF = Perceived Susceptibility of Seasonal Flu; PSVF = Perceived Severity of Seasonal Flu.Appendix CModel ResultsUnstandardized CoefficientStandardized Coefficientp95% CI Lower95% CI UpperPredicting Affective Risk Perception of COVID–19CFC–F0.44.27< .0010.260.62CFC–I0.38.35< .0010.270.50Whether Tested for COVID–190.24.05.339–0.250.74Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.51.14.0070.140.87Age0.01.07.188–0.010.02Gender (Female = 1)0.18.05.286–0.150.52Race (African American)–0.02.00.944–0.560.52Race (American Indian)0.45.03.584–1.172.08Race (Asian)0.12.02.754–0.650.89Race (Hispanic)–0.18–.03.563–0.790.43Race (Arabic)–1.50–.05.360–4.721.71Education Level0.10.05.326–0.090.28Household Income–0.16–.12.017–0.30–0.03Political Ideology–0.07–.08.124–0.160.02Predicting Perceived Susceptibility of COVID–19CFC–F0.27.22< .0010.120.41CFC–I0.35.43< .0010.250.44Whether Tested for COVID–190.20.06.334–0.200.60Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.44.16.0040.140.73Age0.00–.02.686–0.010.01Gender (Female = 1)0.05.02.714–0.220.33Race (African American)–0.38–.09.091–0.830.06Race (American Indian)–0.44–.03.519–1.760.89Race (Asian)–0.07–.01.833–0.690.56Race (Hispanic)–0.20–.04.432–0.700.30Race (Arabic)–0.88–.04.511–3.491.74Education Level0.09.06.257–0.070.24Household Income–0.12–.13.026–0.23–0.02Political Ideology–0.10–.14.010–0.17–0.02Predicting Perceived Severity of COVID–19CFC–F0.57.43< .0010.410.73CFC–I0.19.21< .0010.090.29Whether Tested for COVID–19–0.17–.04.432–0.600.26Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.26.09.105–0.050.57Age0.01.09.0910.000.02Gender (Female = 1)0.03.01.836–0.260.32Race (African American)–0.02.00.935–0.490.45Race (American Indian)0.13.01.850–1.261.53Race (Asian)0.28.04.404–0.380.94Race (Hispanic)–0.16–.03.550–0.690.37Race (Arabic)–0.21–.01.881–2.972.55Education Level–0.07–.05.406–0.230.09Household Income–0.09–.09.114–0.210.02Political Ideology–0.09–.12.028–0.17–0.01Predicting Affective Risk Perception of Seasonal FluCFC–F0.28.17.0010.110.44CFC–I0.56.52< .0010.460.67Whether Tested for COVID–190.79.17.0010.331.26Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.27.07.117–0.070.61Age0.01.07.1200.000.02Gender (Female = 1)0.11.03.507–0.210.42Race (African American)0.27.05.304–0.240.77Race (American Indian)0.67.04.390–0.852.18Race (Asian)0.21.03.574–0.510.93Race (Hispanic)–0.14–.02.638–0.710.43Race (Arabic)–1.98–.06.196–4.991.02Education Level0.18.10.0500.000.35Household Income–0.02–.02.707–0.150.10Political Ideology0.04.04.395–0.050.12Predicting Perceived Susceptibility of Seasonal FluCFC–F0.26.19.0010.100.42CFC–I0.38.42< .0010.280.48Whether Tested for COVID–190.90.23< .0010.461.34Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season–0.11–.04.503–0.430.21Age–0.01–.05.331–0.020.01Gender (Female = 1)0.01.00.939–0.290.31Race (African American)–0.26–.06.284–0.750.22Race (American Indian)–0.06.00.938–1.501.38Race (Asian)0.12.02.725–0.560.81Race (Hispanic)0.17.03.531–0.370.72Race (Arabic)–0.49–.02.734–3.342.35Education Level0.11.07.195–0.060.28Household Income–0.03–.02.670–0.140.09Political Ideology–0.01–.01.801–0.090.07Predicting Perceived Severity of Seasonal FluCFC–F0.50.36< .0010.340.66CFC–I0.39.43< .0010.290.49Whether Tested for COVID–190.45.11.0360.030.87Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.04.01.821–0.270.34Age0.01.10.0420.000.02Gender (Female = 1)–0.07–.02.642–0.350.22Race (African American)0.68.15.0040.221.14Race (American Indian)–0.08–.01.913–1.451.29Race (Asian)–0.04–.01.909–0.690.61Race (Hispanic)–0.07–.01.797–0.580.45Race (Arabic)–0.27–.01.843–2.992.44Education Level0.14.09.093–0.020.30Household Income0.02.02.726–0.090.13Political Ideology–0.01–.01.882–0.080.07Predicting Intention to Vaccinate Against COVID–19CFC–F–0.02–.01.887–0.210.19CFC–I–0.05–.04.496–0.180.09Affective Risk Perception of COVID-190.33.33.057–0.010.66Perceived Susceptibility of COVID-19–0.12–.09.623–0.600.36Perceived Severity of COVID-190.44.36< .0010.190.68Affective Risk Perception of Seasonal Flu–0.21–.22.078–0.450.02Perceived Susceptibility of Seasonal Flu0.26.22.158–0.100.62Perceived Severity of Seasonal Flu0.01.01.898–0.200.22Whether Tested for COVID–19–0.36–.08.172–0.890.16Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season0.71.20< .0010.321.09Age0.00–.03.614–0.020.01Gender (Female = 1)–0.15–.05.356–0.480.17Race (African American)–0.75–.14.007–1.29–0.21Race (American Indian)–0.58–.04.470–2.161.00Race (Asian)0.16.02.671–0.580.91Race (Hispanic)–0.01.00.966–0.620.59Race (Arabic)–1.08–.03.496–4.172.02Education Level0.22.12.0170.040.41Household Income0.10.07.151–0.040.23Political Ideology–0.15–.17.001–0.24–0.06Predicting Intention to Vaccinate Against Seasonal FluCFC–F–0.10–.05.381–0.320.12CFC–I–0.14–.12.057–0.290.00Affective Risk Perception of COVID-190.28.25.144–0.100.65Perceived Susceptibility of COVID-19–0.18–.12.499–0.710.34Perceived Severity of COVID-190.19.14.163–0.080.45Affective Risk Perception of Seasonal Flu–0.18–.16.178–0.440.08Perceived Susceptibility of Seasonal Flu0.41.30.0450.010.81Perceived Severity of Seasonal Flu0.28.21.0180.050.51Whether Tested for COVID–19–1.46–.27< .001–2.03–0.88Whether Vaccinated for Seasonal Flu This Season2.33.57< .0011.902.76Age–0.01–.04.427–0.020.01Gender (Female = 1)0.26.07.157–0.100.62Race (African American)–0.36–.06.236–0.960.24Race (American Indian)–0.12–.01.890–1.861.61Race (Asian)0.46.05.269–0.361.28Race (Hispanic)0.12.02.716–0.540.79Race (Arabic)0.70.02.688–2.714.10Education Level0.00.00.982–0.200.20Household Income–0.02–.01.836–0.160.13Political Ideology0.01.01.904–0.100.11Appendix DSummary of Hypothesis Testing HypothesisExpected DirectionResultH1aCFC-F Vaccination Intention of COVID-19PositiveSupportedH1bCFC-F Vaccination Intention of Seasonal FluPositiveSupportedH2aCFC-I Vaccination Intention of COVID-19NegativeNot SupportedH2bCFC-I Vaccination Intention of Seasonal FluNegativeNot SupportedH3aCFC-F Risk Perceptions of COVID-19PositiveSupportedH3bCFC-F Risk Perceptions of Seasonal FluPositiveSupportedH4aCFC-I Risk Perceptions of COVID-19PositiveSupportedH4bCFC-I Risk Perceptions of Seasonal FluPositiveSupportedH5aCFC-F has a positive indirect effect on intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 through increasing risk perceptions of COVID-19 and seasonal flu.PositiveSupportedH5bCFC-F has a positive indirect effect on intentions to vaccinate against seasonal flu through increasing risk perceptions of COVID-19 and seasonal flu.PositiveSupportedH6aCFC-I has a positive indirect effect on intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 through increasing risk perceptions of COVID-19 and seasonal flu.PositiveSupportedH6bCFC-I has a positive indirect effect on intentions to vaccinate against seasonal flu through increasing risk perceptions of COVID-19 and seasonal flu.PositiveSupported ................
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