Wind Turbine Design - NREL

Technische Universit?t M?nchen Wind Energy Institute

Wind Turbine Design

Origins of Systems Engineering and MDAO for Wind Energy Applications

Carlo L. Bottasso Technische Universit?t M?nchen, Germany

WESE Workshop, Pamplona, Spain, 2-3 October 2019

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

Outline

Some technical reasons behind the falling prices of energy from wind

Multidisciplinarity and the need for MDAO

MDAO tools: architectures, methods, limits and gaps

Conclusions and outlook

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

Design Trends

Higher tower higher wind speed because of vertical shear

Reducing specific power, i.e. size grows more than power rating

Data for onshore turbines 1MW

Larger swept area larger power capture

(Source: IEA Wind TCP Task 26)

Improved capacity factor lower CoE

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

Why?

Rated

power:

=

Rated

wind

speed

=

Since can not be drastically increased, the most effective way to decrease is to reduce specific power (or power loading)

Increasing A

Decreasing

More time spent in region III at full power, increased capacity factor

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines Weight (Cost)

Design Trends & Challenges

Larger machines can not be designed by simple upscaling of smaller ones, to avoid cubic law of growth: need for R&D and technological innovation

Grows as size3

Technological

(but AEP only as size2) innovation

Size

(source: LM Wind Power)

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

Some Present and Future Technological Innovations that Enable Upscaling

Each innovation will come with pros and cons Systems engineering -the final judge-: "Nice idea, but does it reduce CoE?"

How Did We Get Here?

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

12 MW

HALIADE-X 12MW 220m

GE 2021

SWT-8.0-154 V164 Vestas Siemens 2017 8MW 2016

9.5MW 2017

WTS-4 (4 MW) Hamilton Standard, 1982

MOD-5B (3.2 MW) Boeing, 1987

10 kW 1970

V10 (30 kW) Vestas, 1979

2019

(in part from G. van Kuik, TUDelft)

Design Optimization of Wind Turbines

12 MW

Just Compare the Blades!

Materials

Solidity

Airfoils

Shape

Add-ons

HALIADE-X 12MW 220m

GE 2021

SWT-8.0-154 V164 Vestas Siemens 2017 8MW 2016

9.5MW 2017

MOD-5B (3.2 MW) Boeing, 1987

10 kW 1970

V10 (30 kW) Vestas, 1979

2019

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