ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)



Questions for discussion

Superannuation

1. Write a brief outline of the BtN superannuation story.

2. Describe in your own words what superannuation is.

3. Why is superannuation important?

4. What do super funds do with people’s money?

5. What happens if investments go bad?

6. What happened in America recently?

7. How has it affected some people in Australia?

8. What do people say will happen it the long term?

9. What do you think some of the problems are with superannuation?

10. What do you know about superannuation that you didn’t know before watching the BtN story?

Interview adults (at school or home) about how the financial crisis in the US affects them. Will it impact on their retirement plans? Record the responses and share with the class.

Subliminal ads

1. In your own words, describe what subliminal advertising is.

2. Explain how it works?

3. Describe the recent case in Australia of subliminal advertising.

4. Why is subliminal advertising illegal in Australia?

5. How are advertisers and television stations getting around the law?

6. Why are advertisers using this technique to sell products?

7. Do you think it is an effective way to sell products? Explain your answer.

8. Do you agree with subliminal advertising? Explain your answer.

9. What do you think the future of advertising is?

10. Predict what might happen if there were no rules or regulations for advertising.

`Should there be stricter laws against subliminal advertising?’ Vote in the online poll.

Test your knowledge in the online quiz.

Cervical Cancer Vaccine

1. What is the name of the vaccine given to help protect against cervical cancer?

2. How does cancer develop?

3. What is the virus that causes cervical cancer?

4. Gardasil is free for girls aged…

5. How does a vaccine work?

6. Why are boys able to get the vaccine?

7. What have been some of the reported side effects of Gardasil?

8. How have doctors responded to the reported side effects?

9. What impact could these side effects have on girls and young women having the vaccination?

10. What do you understand about vaccinations since watching the BtN story?

Create a plus, minus and interesting chart about vaccinations.

Animal ID

1. What was the main point of the story?

2. Describe how a bore works.

3. What happened to animal populations when underground water was discovered?

4. What environmental impact did this have?

5. What is animal recognition technology?

6. How does a blue screen work?

7. How it is being used to control animals?

8. Describe the success of the project.

9. Are there any negative aspects of the technology?

10. Is there another solution to the problem? Explain your answer.

Make a cartoon strip showing how animal recognition technology works.

Ice Factor Spectacular

1. In your own words, describe the Ice Factor program.

2. What is the program trying to achieve?

3. How many students are involved in the Ice Factor program?

4. How long has it been running?

5. The young people involved in the program are described as `at risk’. What do you think that means?

6. How has the program been expanded?

7. Describe the recent event that celebrated the program?

8. What did the young people involved learn from the experience?

9. Why do you think the Ice Factor has been a successful program?

10. How did this story make you feel?

Send a message or tell us what you think on the BtN Guestbook

Cervical cancer vaccine

A vaccine has been developed to protect females from developing cervical cancer. But doctors are worried that some girls are choosing not to be vaccinated because of the side effects.

Focus Questions

1. What is the name of the vaccine given to help protect against cervical cancer?

2. How does cancer develop?

3. What is the virus that causes cervical cancer?

4. Gardasil is free for girls aged…

5. How does a vaccine work?

6. Why are boys able to get the vaccine?

7. What have been some of the reported side effects of Gardasil?

8. How have doctors responded to the reported side effects?

9. What impact could these side effects have on girls and young women having the vaccination?

10. What do you understand about vaccinations since watching the BtN story?

Finding out more about vaccines

Working in pairs, ask students to discuss the following questions and then report back to the class.

• What is a vaccine?

• What vaccines do they know about?

• Why are vaccines important?

• Why are they given when children are young?

Students will then choose to investigate a key question in relation to vaccinations. They may be questions generated from the class discussion or one of the following:

• How do vaccines work?

• What impact have vaccines had on controlling disease?

• What are the potential risks of vaccinations?

• Why vaccinate against rare diseases?

Negotiate with students how they are going to present their research.

Self assessment

What are some things you would do the same in your next research inquiry and what might you do differently?

What do you understand more clearly?

Further investigations

Develop an awareness campaign for the cervical cancer vaccine in Australian schools. What does the target group need to know and how will the information be delivered to schools? (Posters, online, television advertisements.)

What is the future of vaccinations? Predict what vaccines may be available during your lifetime.

Create a rap or rhyme about vaccines.

( Related Research Links

ABC News – Authorities to investigate Gardasil reactions



ABC News – Researchers play down claimed Gardasil vaccination risk



Information about Gardasil



Cancer Victoria – Information about cervical cancer



Children’s BBC – Jabs to fight off cervical cancer



Children’s BBC – New jab for girls aged 12 and 13



Animal ID

Animal recognition technology has been developed to help farmers control some introduced and native animals.

Focus Questions

1. What was the main point of the story?

2. Describe how a bore works.

3. What happened to animal populations when underground water was discovered?

4. What environmental impact did this have?

5. What is animal recognition technology?

6. How does a blue screen work?

7. How it is being used to control animals?

8. Describe the success of the project.

9. Are there any negative aspects of the technology?

10. Is there another solution to the problem? Explain your answer.

What is the impact?

After watching the BtN story about animal recognition technology, ask students to brainstorm what they know about the impact of some native and introduced animals on the environment. Students will then investigate an animal of concern and create an electronic text with the information. A possible structure for their investigation could be:

• A brief description of the animal

• What damage to the environment has the animal caused?

• What are the financial costs?

• What strategies are used to control or eradicate the animal?

• Are these strategies effective?

• Predict what might happen if the animal isn’t controlled.

Discuss with students possible sources for collecting information including relevant organisations and the Internet.

Students will create an electronic text to demonstrate their understanding of the issues. Possibilities include:

• Using photographs to explain the issues

• PowerPoint presentation

• Animation

• Web page

Develop a rubric

Negotiate with students what the assessment criteria will be for this investigation. Create a rubric using templates at the following website:

Further investigations

Create a timeline showing when non-native animals were introduced to Australia.

Make a game that teaches people about the environmental impact of some introduced and native animals.

Show on a map of Australia where there has been control or eradication of introduced or native animals.

( Related Research Links

ABC News – Candid camera



University of Queensland – Animal recognition technology



ABC The New Inventors – Animal recognition invention



Department of Environment – Feral animals in Australia



Questacon – Information about introduced species



Nova Science website – Australia’s threatened species



TRANSCRIPT 21/10/08

Episode 29

On this week's Behind the News

Are you being manipulated by sneaky ads?

Worries that kids aren't taking a cancer vaccine.

And how the catwalk is turning lives around.

Hi I'm Nathan Bazley welcome to Behind the News.

Also on the show today, the laptop IDing animals to help farmers and the environment.

Those items later but first to our top story.

SUPERANNUATION

Reporter, Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Last week we told you about the Credit Crisis and how it started. Well it looks like it will have a pretty big effect on Australians for a while to come. One of the reasons why it's such a big deal is because of something called Superannuation, or Super for short. So what's Super and how does it affect you? Sarah went to find out.

Mum: Have you done your homework? And clean your room!

SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: Do you ever dream of a day when you're free of your parents, in a house of your own?

But what if mum had to come and live with you.

MUM: Good, you're home. I need some money so I can go shopping with my friends and what's for dinner.

REPORTER: This is why parents save for their retirement; so rather than sponging off the kids they can do what they want to do.

It's why there is something called superannuation.

LUKE: What's that?

It's probably not something you've come across before, except in ads like this:

SUPERANNUATION AD: His fees are lower. His fees are higher.

But super will affect you as soon as you get your first job. Let's look at your pay cheque. You can see that some of your pay gets taken out; some for tax and some for superannuation.

Luke working checkout

LUKE: What?

Don't worry, you'll get the super back again, but not until you retire. It's kind of like a piggy bank that you have to put money into and hopefully by the time you need it your money will have grown.

LUKE: How does that happen?

Super funds take your money and use it to make investments. They buy property or shares in businesses, even in banks. And they don't just do it in Australia. Super funds can invest in businesses and assets all over the world. They take the profits from all those investments and put some back into your super fund. So while you're working your nest egg is growing without you having to do anything. Then when you retire you'll be able to live on all that money that's been saved up for you. Most people in Australia have to have superannuation that's to make sure everyone's got enough money to retire on but there can be problems. How much money you have depends on how much the super fund makes, so if some of those investments go bad, you can lose out.

That's what's been happening in the past few weeks. Stock markets around the world have crashed and now people are finding they've got a lot less to retire on

PETER MEARS, RETIREE: I'd imagine it will affect our lifestyle we won't be travelling and number of things that we enjoyed in the past.

For some it might even mean putting off retirement for a few years in the hope that things will get better. Super funds do say that in the long term things will get better and so will their people's return. But in the meantime, let's hope for you and your mum's sake that it doesn't come to this!

Luke (to Mum): Clean your room!

Presenter

Might want to start saving for your parents pocket money now!

Quiz 1

In the meantime we might do a cash quiz.

Q. What type of animal is on the Australian dollar coin?

A. Kangaroo

Presenter

The design has five roos and was created by the Queen's official jeweller Stuart Devlin.

The Wire

Now for a check on some of the weeks other headlines, here's Catherine.

Looks like school kids might have to learn more history and grammar in class.

The National Curriculum Board has recommended the changes after criticism that students are leaving high school with gaps in their knowledge.

The critics say too many kids don't know what nouns and adjectives are and they can't construct a proper sentence.

******

A Queensland primary school has banned all contact sports for its older students because of schoolyard violence.

Year seven kids at Coombahbah State School have been forbidden to play any form of football including soccer and touch because of a series of injuries and fights.

The Parents association supports it but kids aren't impressed.

STUDENT: They think it's like stupid.

The ban will run till the end of the year.

*******

And Gabriella Cilmi dominated the ARIAs on the weekend winning 6 awards.

She was named best female artist and her song ‘Sweet About Me’ was named single of the year.

The singer only turned 17 last week.

And the Dance music duo 'The Presets' won album of the year,

Presenter

An amazing achievement.

SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING

Reporter, Nathan Bazley

INTRO: Now while on the subject there has been a bit of controversy about the ARIAs. But it's about the ads in last year's show. When we watch TV it's really easy to see where the ads are. We can see what they are offering and make a decision from there. But what about the ads that you can't see? It sounds weird but they do exist. And they might have influenced you without you even realising it!

This is an ad. And so is this.

Each one is shown during ad breaks and is really easy to tell apart from the program it was shown during.

But can you see one here?

This was broadcast during the 2007 ARIA awards - the music industry's night of nights and a TV spectacular shown live across Australia.

But did you spot the ad?

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Okay I can't blame you if you didn't, but trust me, it's in there. Let's take another look, but this time we'll slow it down. There! That's a brand of car and it was flashed up on screen for only a tiny fraction of a second.

Other brands were flashed up in the show too.

All up during the 2 hour ARIA broadcast, 45 brands were flashed on screen.

So what is going on?

It's called Subliminal Advertising and it's basically when ads are shown so quickly, that you're not even aware they appeared.

But while you may not realise you saw it, sometimes your subconscious can pick it up and that's exactly what advertisers are hoping for!

It seems like a pretty tricky way to sell stuff but there is a catch!

Subliminal advertising is actually illegal in Australia, because some people think it could fool people into buying something they don’t really want!

Channel Ten broke this rule in their ARIA program, so they got into a bit of trouble!

But that doesn't mean that'll you'll never see this type of advertising again - because of a decision by the authority that polices TV!

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Let me explain. Say we wanted to tell you to vote in our online poll during this week's show.

On TV, there are 25 frames in every second of vision and by using editing software I can change any single one of them!

The rules say that I can't tell you to vote with a two frame flash - like this - because they decided it's too quick.

But a three frame flash - like this - is fine!

Could you tell the difference?

It's all a bit confusing, but quick ads during TV shows are a tactic more companies are using to try and sell you their products!

Try to find the ad in this episode of 'Are You Smarter than a Fifth Grader' for example.

Did you see it? Watch the $25,000 graphic spin around when we play it slower.

There you have it - an ad for Nintendo!

And some of your favourite shows from overseas might even have them too.

Can you spot this one?

Take a close look this time while we slow it down.

It's an ad for 'sprint', a mobile phone company in America!

At this stage no one is really sure how much effect these type of ads actually have on people.

But with viewers ignoring traditional ads more and more, advertisers will try anything to get their brand across.

So it pays to be aware of what you're actually seeing when you watch your favourite programs.

Presenter

Just to keep you on your toes we flashed a quick message up at the end of that story. If you missed it and want to see what it said, hit our website, and slow the video down!

ONLINE POLL

Now we'll also make that this week's poll.

The question is: Should there be stricter laws against subliminal advertising?

If you want to vote go to our website at .au/btn

CERVICAL CANCER VACCINE

Reporter, Catherine Ellis

INTRO: Lots of you would have heard about the vaccine 'Gardasil'. Schoolgirls right across Australia get it for free because it can protect them from developing 'cervical cancer'. But doctors are worried after a study showed some girls are choosing not to get the jab because they're worried about side-effects. Catherine investigates.

CATHERINE ELLIS, REPORTER: If you're getting one of these, you usually want a very good reason why, because let's face it, they can hurt!

So let's look at why kids get Gardasil injections?

We'll start by finding out about something called Cervical Cancer.

It's a type of cancer which only girls get, because only girls have a cervix.

What happens is - like any cancer - cells here become abnormal and develop out of control.

What causes this? Well something called the 'Human Papilloma Virus' or HPV.

It's an infection that is sexually transmitted.

Now most adults, even men, actually get this virus, but they don't even know, because they can't see it or feel it and they get over it.

Only a small number of infections turn into cervical cancer.

About 700 Australian women are diagnosed with it each year and 270 die from it.

But a few years ago this Aussie scientist and his team did something amazing. They created a vaccine to stop you getting cervical cancer in the first place!

Gardasil.

Professor Ian Frazer was named Australian of the Year for his achievements and the Government decided his vaccine was so important, it made Gardasil free for girls aged 12 to 26.

TIFFANY, SCHOOL STUDENT: I didn't really want to have it but mum said it would possibly prevent cancer so I just went along with it.

ANNABELLE, SCHOOL STUDENT: It didn't really hurt that much so it's just a small pinch in the arm for something as big as this.

Boys can also have the vaccine.

Even though they can't get cervical cancer, they can spread the virus which causes it.

So how does the vaccine work?

CATHERINE: Well, say this is the virus, what Ian Frazer did was take out the infectious, dangerous part from the inside, but he kept the outside the same.

So the body is tricked into thinking it's the real thing and your immune system launches its attack. Then, if the real thing comes along one day, your body remembers how to fight it off straight away!

Now one thing people are worried about when it comes to vaccines is side effects.

There have been about a-thousand reports of bad reactions to Gardasil in Australia, but an investigation found most weren't very bad, like soreness where the injection went in.

Health authorities did warn though, that there were about a hundred cases of allergic reactions and Kyla was one of them.

KYLA, SCHOOL STUDENT: I felt like I was seriously going to die, because it was inflaming my whole system, I felt like I was going to pass out, there was like rashes through my body, burning my stomach, my throat, everything.

Doctors say about 26 million doses of Gardasil have been given out worldwide and serious side effects are very rare.

And they say side effects are something which can happen with any vaccine, but they're much less harmful, than the diseases they prevent.

QUIZ 2

Alright I reckon it’s time for another quiz. This time lets hit the outback.

Q. Are there more sheep or cattle on Australian farms?

A. Sheep

ANIMAL ID

Reporter, Nathan Bazley

INTRO: There are about 90 million sheep and 30 million cattle. Now pests, like goats, pigs and even kangaroos, are a huge problem for farmers. But some new technology has been developed that could help control them a little better and believe it or not, it's based on a piece of equipment you use all the time!

Out in the dry bush of Australia, water is scarce.

Well, that was until undergound water was tapped and suddenly farmers had water everywhere!

All these gushing pipes allowed farmers to move their livestock into places they could never have gone before.

But while these thousands of bores gave cattle and sheep year round access to drinking water, it also helped out native and feral animals as well.

And when they had a ready-made water bubbler out here, their numbers exploded! And so has the damage they cause. They eat grasses and feed and destroy other native plants.

All these watery issues got Neal Finch thinking and he realised that if you control the water, you can control the pests too!

So he figured out a system that could tell the difference between all the different animals and only let the ones you want get at the trough of water and food!

He put a camera, a laptop, a battery, a solar panel and a blue screen together and came up with this - animal recognition technology!

It can tell kangaroos, wallaroos, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, cattle and emus.

But wait up, what is that random blue coloured screen for?

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: This is a blue screen and we use them all the time on BTN!

I can go from the beach, to the jungle, to the bush all without leaving the studio.

But this technology uses it a bit differently.

Let's use Catherine and Sarah as an example

Catherine will be our pest and Sarah our livestock.

The technology in the 'animal recognition gate' draws an outline of anything that walks past it.

We can see the one with long hair is Catherine and the one with short hair is Sarah.

The computer then goes one step further and compares the outlines to a library of images.

From that it could tell Sarah is good livestock and is allowed in to eat. But that Catherine is a pest and will get blocked from the lollies inside!

Exactly the same type of thing happens on the farm.

The machine uses outlines to check if something is livestock and it lets it through the gate to the water.

But if it's a pest - like a goat or a kangaroo - it gets sent out or held in a pen.

In the case of goats, farmers can even sell the ones they capture for a bit of extra cash!

The system is especially great for the owners of this farm.

Only 6 years ago, they were facing a huge kangaroo plague.

They ate heaps of the feed, meaning the farmers lost a lot of sheep.

But the new system stopped the roos getting the food and water meant for the livestock.

So while the livestock got bigger and stronger, the kangaroos and other pests can't grow out of control.

So far this plan is still in trial, but its inventor is hoping to make it available to all farmers soon.

Presenter

And that worked so well with Catherine and Sarah that we're ordering one for the BTN kitchen.

THE SCORE

Here's Sarah with the Score.

Cricket mad India went crazy after Sachin Tendulkar became the highest run scorer in test history.

He broke the record against Australia. And has now scored more than 12 thousand test runs

************

Teams are in Australia for rugby league's World Cup which starts next weekend.

Scotland has been training for its game with France. Australia plays New Zealand on Sunday.

************

Britain's Lewis Hamilton needs only a top five finish in the last race of the season to become Formula One's youngest ever overall winner.

He set up his chance by winning the Chinese GP on the weekend. The last race is in Brazil.

*************

And Queenslander Hayley Bateup has already cemented a place in sporting history by winning the Coolangatta Gold for a record third time.

HAYLEY BATEUP: to win it three times and no man or woman's ever done that so it's a pretty amazing feeling.

Another Gold Coaster, Caine Eckstine was first home in the 46-kilometre men's event.

ICE FACTOR SPECTACULAR

Reporter, Catherine Ellis

INTRO: Sport isn't just for entertainment. It can also change peoples' lives - make them more confident and feel part of a team. Earlier this year we told you how ice hockey was being used to help troubled kids - now this particular program has had a growth spurt and even a former OZ Idol judge has got involved. Catherine has an update.

STUDENT LETTER 1: I've never been 'the good student' or 'good friend' or 'good anything' really but the Ice Factor Program has brought out the best in me.

STUDENT LETTER 2: I love the feeling of people cheering me on, calling my name and knowing that I exist. I don't know where I'd be without this program - I've gained the confidence that I deserve to have.

STUDENT LETTER 3: I was a very angry person and I got in fights for no reason. Now my grades have improved and I have the will to keep going even if I make a mistake or fail.

STUDENT LETTER 4: This program has changed my life. It's the only reason I'm still at school.

CATHERINE ELLIS, REPORTER: The Ice Factor program's been going for three years and now involves over a-hundred kids from ten different schools.

It's been such a success the programs expanded to now include music, dance and the cat walk!!

The kids have been preparing for a big show where they'll model clothes by leading fashion labels.

TANYA POWELL, MODELLING MANAGER: They've been here for five weeks learning half turns and step back turns and Paris turns. Paris turns are their favourite and you'll be able to see it all tomorrow night.

And these guys will perform a song they wrote themselves.

CATHERINE: Have you ever performed in front of 500 people?

NORRISH, STUDENT: No. I'm nervous as hell!

And former Oz Idol judge, Mark Holden, has been giving them a hand.

MARK HOLDEN, MUSICIAN: For some of them it could actually be a profession and if it's not it's a great way to express, have fun and do something positive.

When the big night finally arrived, I took my camera along to check it out.

They all got their make-up done and their hair professionally styled.

CATHERINE: How do you feel about tonight?

CHRIS: Excited

CRISTEN: Um really excited actually. I've never danced in front of so many people I haven't met before, so it's good it's a good opportunity.

I've actually learnt how to walk down a catwalk properly, stops turns, everything so I should be set for tonight.

I decided to head back stage to see what was happening.

There were a few last minute rehearsals

RAPPER: You're stuck in something that you can't get out he doesn't care he doesn't try, he just messes about.

Models put the finishing touches to their outfits.

And the show began.

CATHERINE: So Mark how would you say the kids went tonight?

MARK HOLDEN: It's an obvious answer. It was a slam dunk touch down!

CAT: What was it like?

PERFORMER 1: It was good.

PERFORMER 2: It felt great.

PERFORMER 3: The experience was good. I'm just really glad I got the opportunity to do it.

CATHERINE: What was it like guys?

GROUP OF PERFORMERS: It was so good. It was pretty awesome.

The show might be over and the ice hockey season drawing to a close but for these guys it's been a life changing experience.

CLOSER

Good luck to ‘em. That's it for another show. Don't forget you can watch any of those stories again on our website and leave a comment about them as well. You can also tune in every Monday to Friday at 5 to 6 for an update of kids' news in BTN Daily. Catch ya later.

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Episode 29

21ST OCTOBER 2008

LEARNING AREA

Society and Environment

Key learning

Students will investigate the impact introduced and native animals have on the environment.

Episode 29

21ST OCTOBER 2008

LEARNING AREA

Health and Physical Education

Key learning

Students will investigate key questions relating to vaccines.

Students could present their information as a webquest. The following websites have more information



Episode 29

21ST OCTOBER 2008

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