AP Psychology - Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools
AP PsychologyVocabulary ListTo be successful on the AP Exam, knowledge of the discipline’s vocabulary is a must. This is a working list of terms that often appear on the AP Psychology exam. Every Friday you will have to turn in a handwritten definition in your own words with examples or diagrams when necessary. Some terms have multiple terms within it, so the actual number of terms you turn in each week will vary. An announced vocabulary quiz will be given each week to assess comprehension. Quizzes will be comprehensive after the first quiz. The second quiz will include the terms from the first and so on; so when you take the final vocabulary quiz it can cover all of the terms.The vocabulary terms will be written on 3 x 5 index cards. The terms will be written on the blank side and the definition will be written on the flip side. The cards will count as a class work grade. Unit I1. psychology2. empiricism3. structuralism4. functionalism5. seven perspectives of psychology on page 116. humanistic psychology7. biopsychosocial approach8. nature vs. nurture issue9. basic research vs. applied research10. counseling vs. clinical psychology11. psychiatry12. hindsight bias13. critical thinking14. theory15. hypothesis16. operational definition17. replication18. case study advantages vs. disadvantages19. survey advantages vs. disadvantages20. naturalistic observation21. population22. random sample23. random assignment24. false consensus effect25. correlation and correlation coefficient26. illusory correlation27. scatter plot28. experiment- experimental condition, control condition, IV, DV,29. placebo effect30. double-blind procedure31. mean, mode, median32. standard deviation vs. range33. statistical significance34. APA - American Psychological Association35. frequency polygon36. descriptive vs. inferential statistics37. histogram38. ethics of testing39. Wilhelm Wundt40. William James41. bell curveUnit II42. neuron- various types- motor, sensory & interneurons43. parts of the neuron: dendrite, axon, myelin sheath, synapse44. action potential vs. resting potential45. threshold& all or nothing response46. depolarization47. refractory period48. neurotransmitters see chart on page 58 ACh, Dopamine, Serotonin, Endorphins, Norephinephrine, GABA & Glutamate49. Nervous System- Central and Peripheral 50. Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system51. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System52. Reflex53. Neural Networks54. Endocrine System55. hormones56. Adrenal glands57. Pituitary Glands58. lesion59. EEG60. PET61. MRI and fMRI62. brainstem63. medulla64. reticular formation65. thalamus66. cerebellum67. limbic system68. amygdala69. hypothalamus70. cerebral cortex71. glial cells72. blood brain barrier and L-Dopa73. Lobes of the brain: frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal74. motor and sensory cortex75. association areas76. aphasia77. Broca’s Area78. Wernike’s Area79. plasticity80. Corpus Callosum81. Split Brain and what the left and right can doUnit III- Developmental Psychology82.Developmental Psychology83. Zygote, Embryo & Fetus84. Genotype vs. Phenotype85. teratogens86. FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome87. Rooting, Moro &Babinsky Reflexes88. Novelty Preference89. Habituation90. Feral Children91. Schema92. Assimilation vs. Accommodation93. Piaget’s Stages of Development94. Egocentricism95. Theory of Mind96. Autism97. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development98. Carol Gilligan’s Critiques of Kohlberg’s Theory99. Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation100. Attachment Secure vs. Insecure101. Basic Trust102. Stranger Anxiety103. Harry Harlow’s Attachment Experiment104. Critical Period105. Imprinting106. Adolescence107. Puberty108. Primary vs. Secondary Sex Characteristics109. Menarche110. Erik Erickson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development111. Alzheimer’s disease112. crystallized intelligence vs. fluid intelligence113. Cross-Sectional vs. Longitudinal Studies114. Cross Cultural Studies115. social clockUnit IV- Sensation116. Sensation & perception117. bottom-up processing vs. top-down processing118. psychophysics119. absolute threshold120. signal detection theory121. subliminal122. priming123. difference threshold (jnd)124. Weber’s law125. sensory adaptation126. transduction127. wavelength128. hue129. intensity130. parts of the eye: pupil, iris, lens, retina, fovea, retinal ganglion cells131. accommodation132. visual acuity133. nearsightedness& farsightedness134. rod vs. cones135. blind spot & optic nerve136. feature detector cells: Hubel and Wisel’s research on visual processing137. parallel processing138. Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory139. opponent-process theory (include complimentary colors)140. color constancy141. color blindness kinds142. audition143. frequency144. pitch145. parts of the ear: middle ear, cochlea , inner ear146. place theory vs. frequency theorylocalization of sound147. conduction hearing loss vs. sensorineural hearing loss148. cochlear implant149. the four types of skin sensations150. galvanic skin response (GRS)151. gate-control theory of pain152. gustatory sense: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami153. olfaction154. sensory interaction155. kinesthesis156. vestibular senseUnit IV- Perception157. selective attention158. inattentional blindness159. visual capture160. gestalt: proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness161: figure ground relationship162. depth perception163. visual cliff 164. binocular cues165. retinal disparity166. convergence167. monocular cues:168. relative size169. interposition170. relative clarity171. texture gradient172. relative height173. relative motion or apparent motion174. linear perspective175. light and shadow176. phi phenomenon177. perceptual constancies:178. size constancy179. color constancy180. lightness (brightness) constancy181. shape constancy182. space constancy (self-motion vs object motion)183. Moon Illusion184. perceptual adaptation185. perceptual set186. context effects187. human factors psychology188. extrasensory perception (ESP)189. parapsychology190. ganzfeld procedureUnit V- Consciousness191. consciousness, unconscious & subconscious192. biological rhythms193. circadian rhythm194. REM sleep & REM rebound195. beta waves, alpha waves& delta waves196. hallucinations197. sleep disorders: insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea & night terrors198. dreams, manifest content vs. latent content199. hypnosis, posthypnotic suggestion & dissociation200. psychoactive drugs201. tolerance202. withdrawal203. physical dependence vs. psychological dependence204. addiction205. depressants206. stimulants207. hallucinogens208. barbiturates209. opiates210. amphetamine211. methamphetamine212. cocaine213. MDMA214. LSD215. THC216. Freudian analysis of dreams217. dualists vs. monistsUnit VI- Social Psychology218. social psychology219. attribution theory220. fundamental attribution error221. attitude222. foot-in-the-door phenomenon223. Hawthorne Effect224. Zimbardo prison experiment225. cognitive dissonance theory226. conformity227. Solomon Asch studies228. normative social influence229. informational social influence230. Milgram’s experiments on obedience231. social facilitation232. social loafing234. deindiviuation235. group polarization236. group think237. power of social influence- social control vs. personal control238. minority influence239. prejudice and four cognitive ways we maintain prejudice240. stereotype241. discrimination242. overt prejudice vs. subtle prejudice243. blame the victim dynamic by Gordon Allport244. ingroupvsoutgroup and an outgroup bias245. scapegoat theory246. just-world phenomenon247. aggression248. frustration aggression principle249. agression-replacement programs250. social scripts251. catharsis hypothesis252. social learning theory253. Albert Bandura Bobo doll experiment254. conflict255. social traps256. mirror-image perceptions of conflict257. three factors of attraction: proximity, physical attractiveness & similarity258. Zajonc’s mere exposure effect259. reward theory of attraction260. passionate love vs. companionate love261. two components of companionate love equity & self disclosure262. altruism263. bystander intervention and factors that influence it264. Kitty Genovese Murder and the bystander effect265. social exchange theory266. reciprocity norm267. social responsibility norm268. superordinate goals269. GRITUnit VII-Motivation & Emotion270. motivation271. instinct272. drive-reduction theory273. homeostasis274. incentive275. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs276. self-actualization needs277. glucose278. lateral hypothalamus279. ventromedial hypothalamus280. orexin, ghrelin,leptin, PYY281. set point282. basal metabolic rate283. anorexia nervosa284. bulimia nervosa285. sexual response cycle286. refractory period287. sexual disorder288. estrogen289. testosterone290. predictors of sexual restraint291. sexual orientation292. flow293. industrial-organizational psychology294. personnel psychology295. organizational psychology296. interviewer illusion297. structured interview vs. unstructured interview298. 360-degree feedback299. halo error, leniency and severity errors300. task leadership301. social leadership302. emotion303. James-Lange theory304. Cannon-Bard theory305. Schacter-Singer two factor theory306. Autonomic nervous system307. sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nervous system308. arousal& performance309. the spillover effect310. polygraph311. the speedy low road vs thinking high road for emotional responses312. amygdala313. facial feedback effect314. two dimensions of emotion315. anterior cingulate316. catharsis theory317. feel-good, do good phenomenon318. subjective well-being319. adaptation level phenomenon320. relative deprivation321. predictors of happinessUnit VIII- Learning322. learning323. associative learning324. classical conditioning- US-UR-CS-CR325. behaviorism326. stages of learning- acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery327. generalization vs. discrimination328. operand conditioning329. respondent behavior / operant behavior330. law of effect331. operant chamber332. shaping& chaining333. positive& negative reinforcement334. reinforcers- primary & secondary335. continuous vs. partial reinforcement336. schedules of reinforcement -FI, FR, VI, VR337. punishment338. cognitive map339. latent learning340. John Garcia’s ideas w animals & conditioning341. Clever Hans experiment342. intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation343. observational learning344. modeling345. mirror neurons346. prosocial behavior347. aversive conditioningUnit IX- Memory & Thinking348. memory349. flashbulb memory350. encoding/storage /retrieval351. Atkinson &Shiffrin’s classic Three-Stage Processing Model352. sensory memory353. short-term memory & long-term memory354. working memory355. episodic memory356. declarative vs. procedural memory357. automatic processing vs. effortful processing358. rehearsal359. next-in-line effect360. spacing effect361. Ebbinghaus research on memory362. serial position effect363. visual encoding / acoustic encoding / semantic encoding364. imagery365. mnemonics366. method of loci367. chunking368. iconic memory or eidetic memory / echoic memory369. long-term-potentiation370. amnesia371. implicit memory vs. explicit memory372. recall vs. recognition373. relearning374. priming375. priming376. deja vu377. mood-congruent memory378. proactive interference379. retroactive interference380. repression381. repression382. misinformation effect383. source amnesia384. Elizabeth Loftus research on eye witness testimonyThinking & Language385. cognition386. concepts387. prototypes388. algorithm389. heuristic390. insight391. confirmation bias392. fixation393. mental set394. functional fixedness395. representativeness heuristic396. availability heuristic397. overconfidence398. framing399. belief bias400. belief perseverance401. language402. phonemes403. morpheme404. grammar405. semantics406. syntax407. babbling stage408. one-word stage409. two-word stage410. telegraphic speech411. Noam Chomsky’s research412. linguistic determinismUnit X- Mental Disorders & Therapy413. psychological disorder414. ADHD and the three key symptoms415. medical model416. biopsyschosocial approach417. DSM-IV TR418. 5 Levels of the DSM IV TR419. anxiety disorders- (4) generalized anxiety disorder/panic disorder/phobia/OCD420. PTSD421. DID or MPD/ dissociative fugue/dissociative amnesia422. somatoform disorders -conversion disorder/hypochondriasis/somatization/pain disorder423. mood disorders424. dysthymic disorder425. major depressive disorder426. mania427. bipolar disorder428. postpartum depression429. social cognitive perspective on depression430. depression’s vicious cycle431. schizophrenia/ disorganized thought /delusions, hallucinations/inappropriate emotions432. Types of schizophrenia- paranoid/catatonic/ undifferentiated 433. Possible causes of schizophrenia434. ECT435. personality disorders: antisocial /dependent/histrionic/ obessive-compulsive/ paranoid/schizotypal/narcissism/borderline437. psychotherapy438. biomedical therapy439. eclectic approach440. psychoanalysis/resistance/interpretation/transference441. client-centered therapy/active listening442. behavior therapy443. counterconditioning444. exposure therapies445. systematic desensitization446. virtual reality exposure therapy447. aversive conditioning448. token economy449. cognitive therapy450. cognitive-behavior therapy451. Albert Ellis-RET452. irrational ideas/internalized sentences/ awfulize453. group therapy454. family therapy455. regression toward the mean456. meta-analysis457. psychopharmacology458. tardive dyskinesia459. antianxiety drugs/Xanax/Ativan460. antidepressant drugs /SSRI’s-Prozac/Zoloft/Paxil461. mood stabilizing drug- lithium462. ECT463. repetitivetranscranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)464. psychosurgery465. lobotomy466. milieu therapyUnit XI- Intelligence467. intelligence468. reification469. factor analysis470. Charles Spearman- general intelligence (g factor)471. L.L. Thurstone seven clusters of primary mental abilities472. savant syndrome473. Howard Garner &multiple Intelligence's474. Robert Sternberg triarchic theory475. Emotional Intelligence 4 aspects476. creativity477. convergent and divergent thinking478. 5 components of creativity479. intelligence tests480. Alfred Binet- Stanford BinetTest481. mental age482. Lewis Terman& the innate IQ483. William Stern’s intelligence quotient484. aptitude tests v achievement tests485. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) & WISC486. Psychological Tests Three Criteria: standardized, reliable and valid487. normal curve/distribution/ bell curve488. Flynn Effect499. content validity500. predictive validity501. criterion502. mental retardation503. Down Syndrome504. Gender similarities and differences505. two meanings of bias506. stereotype threat ................
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