Graphic Organizers for Argumentative Writing

Graphic Organizers for Argumentative Writing

Unpacking Prompts

Do

What

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Close Reading Questions

After they have read the excerpt(s), can your students answer these questions?

What is the author's argument? What position does the author take (for or against)? What is one point that supports the author's argument? What evidence does the author give to support this point? What is the point of view of the author? What is one point that refutes the author's point of view?

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Both Sides Now

When reading argumentative non-fiction text, materials often present one side or viewpoint on a particular issue. Sometimes, the text may provide evidence to support both sides. Then, it is up to the reader determine which is best supported. Analyzing and evaluating the evidence for both sides is one way to identify a claim and the reasons for making a specific decision/claim.

Evidence that Supports

Both Sides Now

Evidence that Opposes

Question or statement Which position is best

supported?

Decision (Claim) Reasons (Analysis/Evaluation)

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Prewriting Organizer: Toulmin Model for Argumentation

A Claim:

Is your point Is debatable Is demonstrated by reason and logic

Thesis/Claim Statement: -

____________________________________________________________

____ Warrants: Just like a

Reason

search warrant from the police, the argument warrant gives the writer authority to proceed with his/her argument.

is the assumption that makes your claim plausible

questions the evidence shows a logical,

persuasive connection between claim, reasons, data (evidence) gives authority to proceed with your argument can be stated, but usually is assumed

Reason Reason

REFUTE

Reason

Conclusion

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Constructed Response Organizer Prompt/Question:

Restatement of question in own words (unpack it)

Claim

Evidence Detailed body of evidence or reasons that support answer ? include enough details to answer the question. Make sure all details support the claim and are not offtopic.

Counterargument(s)

Text 1 Claim

Restated question Concluding thoughts

?

Text 2 Rebuttal

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Sample Thesis/Claim Frames

A thesis is an answer to a specific question. A thesis statement makes a claim or proposition that reflects a specific point of view. The thesis statement should recognize both sides of a question, yet focus on two to three specific points (discussion points) sometimes called points of analyses. A thesis statement is the roadmap for the written response. The placement of the thesis statement is generally located in the introduction and summarized in the conclusion of a writing sample.

The general argument made by __________ in his/her work ______________ is that _______________ because __________________________.

Although _____________________ (believes, demonstrates, argues) that ____________________________________, _________________ supports/provides the clearest evidence _______________________.

A key factor in both _________________________ can be attributed to _________________________________.

When comparing the two positions in this article, __________________ provides the clearest evidence that ___________________________________.

Looking at the arguments regarding _________________, it is clear that ___________.

In discussion of ______________________, one controversial issue has been ___________________. ________________ believes that _______________________. On the other hand, _____________________________ asserts that _________________________________. _________________________ is clearly the best supported argument on the issue of ___________________________.

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How Do You Know? ? Frames for Incorporating Evidence In the article, "_______________," ___________________ maintains that _____________.

________________'s point is that _______________________

____'s claim rests upon the questionable assumption that _____________

One reason that _____________ maintains the position of _____________ is that ______________

According to the text/article/passage/report, ________________________

An example of ________________, is ____________________________

_____________. This proves/supports that _________________________

The author states that _________________________________________

In addition, the author/article/research supports that __________________ __________. This proves that ___________________________________.

Examples/data supporting ___________, include ___________________

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Explain the Evidence

Teach students how to identify evidence through direct quotes, paraphrase the information, and explain how the evidence supports the claim/thesis.

Claim

Using a Direct Quote

(What direct quote supports the claim?)

Paraphrasing

(How can you rewrite the direct quote in your own words?)

Explanation

(How does the evidence support the claim?)

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