Common CoRe WRiting pRomptS And StRAtegieS

A Facing History and Ourselves Publication

Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies

A Supplement to Civil Rights Historical Investigations

A Facing History and Ourselves Publication

Common Core Writing Prompts and Strategies

A Supplement to Civil Rights Historical Investigations

Facing History and Ourselves is an international educational and professional development organization whose mission is to engage students of diverse backgrounds in an examination of racism, prejudice, and antisemitism in order to promote the development of a more humane and informed citizenry. By studying the historical development of the Holocaust and other examples of genocide, students make the essential connection between history and the moral choices they confront in their own lives. For more information about Facing History and Ourselves, please visit our website at . Copyright ? 2012 by Facing History and Ourselves National Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. Facing History and Ourselves? is a trademark registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.

Facing History and Ourselves Headquarters 16 Hurd Road Brookline, MA 02445-6919

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CONTENTS

How to Use This Resource ...............................................................................................5 Teaching Writing Is Teaching Thinking ...........................................................................6 Argumentative Writing: Research and Directions in Learning and Teaching .................9

Prompts and Strategies

Argumentative Writing Prompts ............................................................................. 17

Strategies to Use Before Starting Civil Rights Historical Investigations

A. Understanding the Prompt.................................................................................. 18 1. Anticipation Guides* and Four Corners Discussion ................................................19 2. Dissecting the Prompt .............................................................................................23 3. Defining Key Terms*................................................................................................24 4. Journal Suggestions* ...............................................................................................32

Strategies to Use During the Study of Civil Rights Historical Investigations

B. Gathering and Analyzing Evidence....................................................................... 34 5. Evidence Logs and Index Cards*..............................................................................35 6. Annotating and Paraphrasing Sources ....................................................................43 7. Collecting and Sharing Evidence .............................................................................45 a. Gallery Walk .......................................................................................................45 b. Give One, Get One .............................................................................................46 c. Two-Minute Interview........................................................................................47 8. Evaluating Evidence.................................................................................................49 9. Relevant or Not?......................................................................................................51 10. Learning to Infer ....................................................................................................53 11. Assessing Source Credibility ..................................................................................55 12. Successful Online Research ...................................................................................58

Strategies to Use After Completing Civil Rights Historical Investigations, while Writing Formal Essay

C. Crafting a Thesis and Organizing Ideas ................................................................ 59 13. Taking a Stand on Controversial Issues: Speaking and Listening Strategies .........60 a. Barometer ........................................................................................................60 b. SPAR (Spontaneous Argumentation) ...............................................................61 c. Final Word ........................................................................................................61 14. Building Arguments through Mini-Debates ..........................................................63 15. Linking Claims and Evidence with Analysis ...........................................................66 16. Thesis Sorting ........................................................................................................68

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17. Tug for Truth..........................................................................................................70 18. Refuting Counterarguments..................................................................................71

D. Proving Your Point through Logical Reasoning in Body Paragraphs ...................... 74 19. Claims, Data, and Analysis .....................................................................................76 20. Using Exemplars (or Mentor Texts).......................................................................77 21. Looking at Student Work: Body Paragraphs .........................................................78 22. Using Graphic Organizers to Organize Writing .....................................................81 23. Sentence-Strip Paragraphs ....................................................................................86

E. Framing and Connecting Ideas in Introductions and Conclusions .......................... 88 24. Introductions: Inverted Pyramid ..........................................................................89 25. Conclusions: Text-to-Text, Text-to-Self, Text-to-World ........................................91 26. Fishbowl.................................................................................................................92 27. Writing Conclusions after Looking at Student Samples ........................................94

F. Revising and Editing to Impact Your Audience ..................................................... 97 28. 3-2-1 ......................................................................................................................98 29. Adding Transitions.................................................................................................99 30. Backwards Outline.........................................................................................................100 31. Conferring..............................................................................................................103 32. Read-Alouds ..........................................................................................................105

G. Publishing/Sharing/Reflecting............................................................................. 106 33. Reflecting on the Process ......................................................................................107 34. Online Publishing...................................................................................................108

Appendix Sample Road Map for Civil Rights Historical Investigations and the Common Core .. 110 Common Core Standards Correlation ...................................................................... 114

For Writing...................................................................................................................114 For Reading..................................................................................................................118 For Speaking and Listening..........................................................................................120 Sample High School Rubric for Argumentative Writing Prompts...................................122

*Indicates strategies that are specific to a particular writing prompt.

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