Municipal Law in Arkansas - Home

Arkansas Municipal League

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Municipal Law

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Questions and

Answers

Revised May 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Military Leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

DISCLAIMERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

FINANCIAL AFFAIRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Budgeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT . . . . . . . . 3

Bidding Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

BOUNDARY CHANGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . 4

Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

COURTS AND LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Street Turnback Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Lawsuits Against Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Bond on City Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

District Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Taxes and Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

County Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

FIRE PROTECTION AND DEPARTMENTS . . . . . 21

ELECTED AND APPOINTED OFFICIALS . . . . . . . 6

Oath of Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT. . . . . . . . . 22

Recorders and Treasurers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Conflicts of Interest and Multiple-Office Holding . 7

Executive Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Salaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Terms of Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

GOVERNING BODIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

ELECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Municipal Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Eligibility for Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Filing Deadlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Vacancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Runoff Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Ordinances and Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Campaign Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Campaign Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT. . . . . . . . . 30

EMPLOYMENT LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

STREETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Drug Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

UTILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Family and Medical Leave Act . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Harassment and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ZONING AND LAND USE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Hiring and Firing Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Manufactured/Mobile Homes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Supervision of Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Uniformed Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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Introduction

The legal staff of the Arkansas Municipal League daily receives dozens of communications from

city officials and employees who have questions about legal issues affecting them and their cities

and towns. This booklet is a compilation of some of those questions, arranged by subject matter.

It is intended to complement the Handbook for Arkansas Municipal Officials, which contains the

most essential statutes and case notes relevant to municipalities. Most of the statutes from the

Arkansas Code Annotated (A.C.A.) cited herein can be found in the Handbook. A few may not

be, so contact your city attorney or the League legal staff if you need a copy, or search online at

hottopics/arcode. A web browser search for ¡°Arkansas Code Online¡± will also

work.

This publication also refers to Arkansas Attorney General Opinions. These may be found online

at opinions/index.php, or simply search for ¡°Arkansas Attorney General

Opinions.¡±

Finally, we refer throughout to other publications that may prove useful and have included at the

end a list of publications available from the League. Order or download them from the League

website, , or call 501-374-3484, Ext. 248 to request hard copies.

Disclaimers

The information contained in this book is not intended as legal advice for any specific case. Only

the most recent version should be used, though bear in mind that the law may change prior to

a new edition. Readers are responsible for consulting with legal counsel when questions arise

concerning the application of the law to a particular set of facts. This book is intended solely for

educational and informational purposes.

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Americans with Disabilities

Act (ADA)

Cir. 2000) (¡°holding the ADA ¡®does not apply to an

officer¡¯s on-the-street responses to reported disturbances or other similar incident, whether or not those

calls involve subjects with mental disabilities, prior to

the officer¡¯s securing the scene and ensuring that there

is no threat to human life¡¯¡±)).

See also the Municipal League's publications Americans

with Disability Act Compliance Guide and Understanding

Municipal Personnel Law and Suggestions for Avoiding

Lawsuits.

Q: Where can I get more information about the ADA?

A: The U.S. Department of Justice has a toll-free ADA

information line staffed by specialists to answer your

questions, 800-514-0301. In addition, an automated

service allows callers to listen to recorded information

and order publications. The number is 800-514-0383.

You can also find information online at .

These services are not for employment-related ADA

questions, however. The federal Equal Employment

Opportunity Commission (EEOC) website, eeoc.

gov, provides information on a range of employment

law issues, including those raised by the ADA.

Q: Can the mayor or city attorney act as the ADA

coordinator for the city?

A: While it would be permissible for either the mayor

or city attorney to hold this position, it would be

desirable to have a permanent employee fill this spot.

Since elected and appointed officials come and go, it

would be advantageous to have someone develop the

expertise and experience over a longer period in this

critical area.

Q: Does the ADA apply to persons who are being

arrested?

A: Yes. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

(which includes Arkansas) has held that the ADA

applies during an arrest (Gorman v. Bartch, 152 F.3d

907 (8th Cir. 1998)). Gorman, a wheelchair-user,

requested that police officers help him get back into

a bar that had just ejected him. When Gorman began

to argue with the officers, they arrested him. Because

the patrol wagon that arrived was not equipped with

wheelchair restraints or a wheelchair lift, officers

placed Gorman on a bench and used his belt and a

seatbelt to secure him to the mesh wall behind the

bench. In transit, the belts loosened, and Gorman

fell to the floor. He required surgery for the resulting

injuries he received. The ADA prohibits discrimination in the services of public entities. A United States

Supreme Court decision held that state prisons fall

within the statutory definition of a public entity. The

Eighth Circuit determined that a police department,

like a state prison, is a public entity and that the transportation of an arrestee is a program or service of the

police department. The police department¡¯s failure to

provide adequate transportation for disabled persons

was therefore discriminatory under the ADA.

More recently, the Eighth Circuit has affirmed

that the ADA is applicable when law enforcement

places disabled suspects into custody (Roberts v. City

of Omaha, 723 F.3d 966, 973 (8th Cir. 2013)). But,

the ADA duty may not be applicable in uncertain

and quickly changing situations or where officers are

¡°attempting to secure a potentially violent suspect.¡±

(Id. citing Hainze v. Richards, 207 F.3d 795, 801 (5th

Boundary Changes

(Annexation, Consolidation, etc.)

See also the Municipal League's publication Municipal

Annexation, Incorporation and Other Boundary Changes.

Q: What are the proper procedures for reporting

boundary changes in Arkansas? What state and local

offices should be contacted when we have a boundary change?

A: The statutes dealing with annexation, detachment and

consolidation (A.C.A. ¡ì¡ì 14-40-303, 14-40-605 (as

amended by Act 655 of 2017, effective Mar. 27, 2017)

and 14-40-608) provide for filing in the county clerk¡¯s

office. A.C.A. ¡ì¡ì 14-40-605 and 14-40-608 require

filing with the county clerk, who is required to notify

the Tax Division of the Public Service Commission.

These statutes require the filing of a map and other

listed documents.

In addition, A.C.A. ¡ì 14¨C40¨C101, provides,

¡°Before an entity undertakes an annexation, consolidation, or detachment proceeding under this

chapter, the entity shall coordinate with the Arkansas

Geographic Information Systems Office for preparation of legal descriptions and digital mapping for the

relevant annexation, consolidation, and detachment

areas.¡± For additional definitions and requirements,

see Act 655 of 2017 (effective Mar. 27, 2017), creating

A.C.A. ¡ì 14-40-102.

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