Unit 2 Final Assessment Study Guide



Unit 2 Final Assessment Study GuideWhen Cultures CollideUnit 2 Final Assessment Study GuideMigration BackgroundEvidence indicates that during the last great ice age, a land bridge formed between Asia and North America. It is believed that over a period of thousands of years, first Asians migrated across the land bridge to North America. Then, they slowly worked their way south, crossing both North and South America from west to east as they migrated south.Mayan and Aztec BackgroundA. The Mayan Empire was the oldest of the 3 Native American Empires and was not involved with the Spanish conquest of the Western Hemisphere (New World).B. The Aztec built their magnificent city of Tenochtitlan on a marshy swamp. C. The marshy swamp and the Aztec civilization was located in the Valley of MexicoD. Tenochtitlan was the center of Aztec civilization.E. Aztec and Mayan Empires were similar in that they were good at science, made calendars, built pyramids and used hieroglyphicsF. Moctezuema was the leader of the Aztec empire. He was so mean and brutal to his enemies, the neighboring tribes, they were willing to help the Spanish battle Aztec warriorsG. Although the Aztec had large armies, much larger than the Spanish army; the Aztec armies were defeated by the Spanish. This was because the Spanish had better weapons, armor and horses. The Spanish also bought diseases with them which the Native Americans had no immunity to protect them.Incan BackgroundA. The Incan Empire was located in western South AmericaB. They used Quipus which were knotted string as a method of recording informationC. The Incans used Aqueducts to carry water long distancesSpanish related QuestionsA. Cortez was a conquistador who helped conquer the Aztec in Latin America.B. The Spanish were responsible for the fall of the Inca and Aztec.C. The Mayan Empire was not affected by the Spanish conquest of Latin America. The Mayan Empire had disappeared hundreds of years before the Spanish arrival in Latin America.D. The Spanish arrived in Latin America much less men in their army. However, they were better equipped with horses, armor and more powerful arms (rifle, cannon, shields, metal swords).E. However, it was the various diseases the Spanish brought with them which caused the most harm, as the natives had no immunity against the diseases. F. Native Americans lives changed drastically for the worse after the Spanish arrived and conquered their land. They died from hunger, disease and the hardships of slavery. Importance of Columbian Exchange The world got a little closer and shared its wealth as a result of the age of exploration. It was known as the Columbian Exchange.A. Chocolate (cacao), corn (maize) potatoes and tomatoes traveled from the New World to the Old World. B. Horses, diseases, cattle and grains traveled from the Old World to the New World.C. The arrival of disease, livestock and grains had both a positive and negative effect on the New World. The Old World. Europe grew larger in population with the increase of foods from the Old World. English/French BackgroundA. England’s first permanent settlement in America was Jamestown. Isabella was the first in the New World. B. French settlers were interested in fur trade with Native Americans C. French settlers treated Native Americans fairly which was better than the Spanish’s harsh treatment of the natives.Map Reading Review A. Washington, located in southwest Pennsylvania is located between which two lines of latitude? B. Montrose, located in northeast Pennsylvania is located between which two lines of longitude? C. This City is located at 78 degrees west longitude and just south of 40 degrees north latitude?D. Philadelphia is located near this line of latitude and longitude?A. Which came first – Columbus’s arrival in the New World or Pachacuti’s rule of the Incas?___________________________________________________________________________B. How many years after Gutenberg’s printing press did Balboa reach the Pacific?___________________________________________________________________________C. List in order the following people/events from first to fourth: Cortez, Gutenberg, Balboa and DeGama. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________After reading the following passage and using the graphic to the right as a guide, answer the sample question on paper at home. Remember to use the RACES model when writing your response.Sample Passage: When Europe expanded into the Americas, an exchange of animals and plants got under way. It was widespread and included diseases as well. The Western Hemisphere (the New World) received animals like the pig, chicken, horse and cow, and grains like wheat, rice and oats. A morning favorite coffee and sugar also came from the east to the New World. The development of corn, potatoes, beans Cocoa made their way from the Western Hemisphere to Europe, Africa and Asia, along with turkeys and silver. This was known as the “Columbian Exchange,” and it benefited both hemispheres.Sample Question: Do you think one hemisphere benefitted more from the Columbian Exchange than the other?RACES = Restate/Answer, Cite, Explain, SumRestate/Answer the question. Restate the question and clearly answer it. I think that the Western Hemisphere benefited more from the Columbian Exchange OrI believe that the Eastern Hemisphere benefited more from the Columbian Exchange Cite your evidence. What led you to your answer? Give supporting evidence. Use direct quotes or paraphrase from the text. Examples of how to do this include: The author says… or According to ___, it says in the second paragraph… or The text states… or For example….Explain how your evidence supports your answer. Examples: This shows… or This means… or This is because…Sum it up! Summarize the main idea. Repeat your answer another way. Make connections to the text, personal or world. Examples: The main idea… or Therefore… or In Conclusion… or That is why…On line paper write a sample response to our Sample Passage above. ................
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