Army Special Operations Forces Unconventional Warfare

FM 3-05.130

Army Special Operations Forces Unconventional Warfare

September 2008

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 28 August 2008. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DTD-JA, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-9610, or by e-mail to JAComments@soc.mil. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. FOREIGN DISCLOSURE RESTRICTION (FD 6): This publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis only.

Headquarters, Department of the Army

This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (us.army.mil) and General Dennis J. Reimer Training and Doctrine

Digital Library at (train.army.mil).

Field Manual No. 3-05.130

FM 3-05.130

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 30 September 2008

Army Special Operations Forces Unconventional Warfare

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4

Contents

Page

PREFACE..............................................................................................................iv

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1-1 Overview............................................................................................................. 1-1 Unconventional Warfare ..................................................................................... 1-2 Conventional Warfare......................................................................................... 1-4 Irregular Warfare ................................................................................................ 1-5

UNITED STATES NATIONAL POWER............................................................. 2-1 The International Environment ........................................................................... 2-1 Instruments of United States National Power..................................................... 2-1 The Effectiveness of Integrated National Power .............................................. 2-14

POLICY AND DOCTRINE.................................................................................. 3-1 National Policy.................................................................................................... 3-1 Conventional Warfare and Major Combat Operations ..................................... 3-15 Irregular Warfare .............................................................................................. 3-21

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................... 4-1 Unconventional Warfare Planning...................................................................... 4-1 Seven Phases of Unconventional Warfare......................................................... 4-5 Unconventional Warfare Termination of Operations ........................................ 4-12 Army Special Operations Forces...................................................................... 4-14 Supporting Elements and Activities.................................................................. 4-20 Interagency Activities........................................................................................ 4-20

Distribution Restriction: Distribution authorized to U.S. Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 28 August 2008. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DTD-JA, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-9610, or by e-mail to JAComments@soc.mil.

Destruction Notice: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.

Foreign Disclosure Restriction (FD 6): This publication has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis only.

i

Contents

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I Appendix J

SPECIAL FORCES OPERATIONS ................................................................... 5-1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 5-1 Phase I: Preparation........................................................................................... 5-1 Phase II: Initial Contact....................................................................................... 5-2 Phase III: Infiltration............................................................................................ 5-2 Phase IV: Organization....................................................................................... 5-3 Phase V: Buildup ................................................................................................ 5-6 Phase VI: Employment ....................................................................................... 5-7 Phase VII: Transition .......................................................................................... 5-8

PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS ................................................................... 6-1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 6-1 Phase I: Preparation........................................................................................... 6-1 Phase II: Initial Contact....................................................................................... 6-4 Phase III: Infiltration............................................................................................ 6-5 Phase IV: Organization....................................................................................... 6-6 Phase V: Buildup ................................................................................................ 6-9 Phase VI: Employment ..................................................................................... 6-11 Phase VII: Transition ........................................................................................ 6-12

CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS......................................................................... 7-1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 7-1 Phase I: Preparation........................................................................................... 7-1 Phase II: Initial Contact....................................................................................... 7-3 Phase III: Infiltration............................................................................................ 7-4 Phase IV: Organization....................................................................................... 7-5 Phase V: Buildup ................................................................................................ 7-6 Phase VI: Employment ....................................................................................... 7-6 Phase VII: Transition ........................................................................................ 7-10

SUPPORTING ELEMENTS AND ACTIVITIES ................................................. 8-1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 8-1 Communications Support ................................................................................... 8-1 Logistics Support ................................................................................................ 8-5 Force Health Protection...................................................................................... 8-8 Aviation Support ............................................................................................... 8-11

THE DIPLOMATIC INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER............................A-1

THE INFORMATIONAL INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER ....................B-1

THE INTELLIGENCE INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER........................C-1

THE ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER ..............................D-1

THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER............................... E-1

THE LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER ............. F-1

THE MILITARY INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL POWER .................................G-1

THE ROLE OF HISTORY AND CULTURE .......................................................H-1

A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE ...................... I-1

AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE DEFINITION ....................................................................................................... J-1

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FM 3-05.130

30 September 2008

Contents

GLOSSARY ..........................................................................................Glossary-1 REFERENCES ..................................................................................References-1 INDEX.......................................................................................................... Index-1

Figures

Figure 1-1. Contrasting conventional and irregular warfare ................................................... 1-7 Figure 1-2. Principles of major combat operations................................................................. 1-8 Figure 1-3. Joint operating concept relationships................................................................... 1-9 Figure 2-1. The intelligence process ...................................................................................... 2-5 Figure 4-1. Classic components of an insurgency in an unconventional warfare

operational area .................................................................................................. 4-8 Figure 6-1. Psychological Operations and Special Forces Soldiers building rapport

with an unconventional warfare force in Afghanistan ......................................... 6-6 Figure 6-2. Afghan village elder addressing population on Psychological Operations

loudspeaker......................................................................................................... 6-8 Figure 7-1. Civil-military lines of operation in support of unconventional warfare.................. 7-2 Figure 7-2. Active Army Civil Affairs battalion operational structure ...................................... 7-3 Figure 7-3. Civil Affairs core tasks in support of civil-military operations ............................... 7-4 Figure 7-4. Sample checklist for transition planning.............................................................7-11 Figure A-1. Organizations grouping almost all countries in their respective continents.........A-7 Figure A-2. Several smaller regional organizations with nonoverlapping memberships........A-8 Figure A-3. Several nonoverlapping large alliances...............................................................A-8 Figure B-1. The information environment...............................................................................B-2 Figure B-2. Information quality criteria ...................................................................................B-2

Tables

Table B-1. Information operations integration into joint operations..................................... B-20

30 September 2008

FM 3-05.130

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