Protection - United States Army

ADP 3-37 Protection

JULY 2019

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication supersedes ADP 3-37, dated 11 December 2018.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

This publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate site () and the Central Army Registry site

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Army Doctrine Publication No. 3-37

*ADP 3-37

Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 31 July 2019

Chapter 1 Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Protection

Contents

Page

PREFACE.................................................................................................................... iii

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... iv

PROTECTION FRAMEWORK.................................................................................. 1-1 Protection Warfighting Function ................................................................................ 1-1 The Role of Protection............................................................................................... 1-2 Protection Principles .................................................................................................. 1-3 Protection in Support of Army Operations ................................................................. 1-4 Operational Environment......................................................................................... 1-10

PROTECTION TASKS.............................................................................................. 2-1 Primary Protection Warfighting Function Tasks ........................................................ 2-1 Conduct Survivability Operations .............................................................................. 2-1 Provide Force Health Protection ............................................................................... 2-2 Conduct Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations...................... 2-3 Provide Explosive Ordnance Disposal Support......................................................... 2-4 Coordinate Air and Missile Defense Support ............................................................ 2-4 Conduct Personnel Recovery.................................................................................... 2-5 Conduct Detention Operations .................................................................................. 2-6 Conduct Risk Management ....................................................................................... 2-6 Implement Physical Security Procedures.................................................................. 2-7 Apply Antiterrorism Measures ................................................................................... 2-7 Conduct Police Operations........................................................................................ 2-8 Conduct Populace and Resources Control ............................................................... 2-9 Conduct Area Security............................................................................................... 2-9 Conduct Cyberspace Security and Defense ........................................................... 2-12 Conduct Electromagnetic Protection ....................................................................... 2-13 Implement Operations Security ............................................................................... 2-14

PROTECTION PLANNING ....................................................................................... 3-1 Initial Assessments.................................................................................................... 3-1 Protection Priorities ................................................................................................... 3-5 Protection Prioritization List ....................................................................................... 3-6 Scheme of Protection Development .......................................................................... 3-9 Tasks and Systems Integration ............................................................................... 3-10 Running Estimate .................................................................................................... 3-11 Protection Cell and Working Group......................................................................... 3-11 Integrating Processes.............................................................................................. 3-17

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes ADP 3-37, dated 11 December 2018.

ADP 3-37

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Contents Chapter 4

Chapter 5 Chapter 6

PROTECTION PREPARATION ............................................................................... 4-1 Considerations .......................................................................................................... 4-1 Protection During Preparation Activities ................................................................... 4-2 Protection Working Group......................................................................................... 4-4

PROTECTION EXECUTION .................................................................................... 5-1 Execution .................................................................................................................. 5-1 Protection in Support of Decisive Action................................................................... 5-2

PROTECTION ASSESSMENT................................................................................. 6-1 Continuous Assessment ........................................................................................... 6-1 Assessment During Planning .................................................................................... 6-1 Assessment During Preparation Activities ................................................................ 6-1 Assessment During Execution .................................................................................. 6-2 Measures of Effectiveness and Performance ........................................................... 6-2 Lessons Learned Integration .................................................................................... 6-3

GLOSSARY ................................................................................................. Glossary-1

REFERENCES......................................................................................... References-1

INDEX ................................................................................................................ Index-1

Figures

Figure 1-1. Protection logic map.................................................................................................... 1-2 Figure 1-2. Integration of protection throughout the operations process....................................... 1-4 Figure 1-3. Army Protection Program's functional elements and enabling functions .................... 1-7 Figure 1-4. Protection support within a theater of operations during large-scale ground combat

operations................................................................................................................... 1-9 Figure 3-1. Example of protection considerations by echelon....................................................... 3-6 Figure 3-2. Example of protection prioritization by Army strategic roles ....................................... 3-9 Figure 3-3. Scheme of protection example.................................................................................... 3-9 Figure 5-1. Protection in support of large-scale ground combat.................................................... 5-3 Figure 5-2. Sample movement corridor ......................................................................................... 5-8

Tables

Introductory table-1. Rescinded Army terms .....................................................................................v Introductory table-2. Modified Army terms.........................................................................................v Table 1-1. Primary protection tasks ............................................................................................... 1-5 Table 1-2. Levels of threat ........................................................................................................... 1-12 Table 2-1. Risk management in the operations process ............................................................... 2-7 Table 3-1. Potential threats and hazards....................................................................................... 3-2 Table 3-2. Sample protection prioritization list............................................................................... 3-8 Table 3-3. Sample protection working group activities ................................................................ 3-15 Table 3-4. Protection integration to MDMP.................................................................................. 3-19

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ADP 3-37

31 July 2019

Preface

ADP 3-37 provides guidance on protection and the protection warfighting function. It establishes the protection principles for commanders and staffs who are responsible for planning and executing protection in support of unified land operations. The synchronization and integration of protection tasks enable commanders to safeguard bases, secure routes, and protect forces. ADP 3-37 corresponds with the Army operations doctrine introduced in ADP 3-0, ADP 5-0, ADP 6-0 and the staff organization discussed in FM 6-0.

The principal audience for ADP 3-37 is commanders and staffs. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. In addition, trainers and educators throughout the Army will use this manual as a doctrinal reference for protection.

Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure that their decisions and actions comply with applicable United States, international, and in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure that their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement (see FM 27-10).

ADP 3-37 uses joint terms where applicable. For joint and Army definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. Terms for which ADP 3-37 is the proponent publication (the authority) are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary; their definitions are boldfaced in the text. These terms and their definitions will be included in the next revision of ADP 1-02.

ADP 3-37 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States and United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.

The proponent of ADP 3-37 is the Maneuver Support Center of Excellence (MSCoE). The preparing agency is the Assistant Chief of Staff (G-3)/Directorate of Training and Doctrine (DOTD). Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander, MSCoE, ATTN: ATZT-OPD-D, 14000 MSCoE Loop, Suite 270, Fort Leonard Wood, MO 65473-8929; by e-mail to usarmy.leonardwood.mscoe.mbx.mpdoc@mail.mil; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028.

31 July 2019

ADP 3-37

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Introduction

Protection is the preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area (JP 3-0). Protection serves as an Army warfighting function. A shared understanding of the joint protection function (see JP 3-0) enables Army leaders to integrate the Army's protection warfighter function with unified action partners. Army leaders must anticipate that joint support will be limited in larger-scale ground combat operations and must protect the force utilizing a combination of measures. The joint protection function focuses on preserving the joint force fighting potential in four primary ways:

Active defensive measures to protect friendly forces, civilians, and infrastructure.

Passive defensive measures to make friendly forces, systems, and facilities difficult to locate, strike, and destroy when active measures are limited or unavailable.

The application of technology and procedures to reduce the risk of fratricide.

Emergency management and response to reduce the loss of personnel and capabilities due to accidents, health threats, and natural disasters

Protection is not linear ? planning, preparing, executing, and assessing protection is continuous and enduring. The protection warfighting function tasks are incorporated into the operations process in a comprehensive, layered, and redundant approach to achieve enduring force protection. Protection preserves capability, momentum, and tempo which are important contributors to operational reach. Synchronizing, integrating, and organizing protection capabilities and resources throughout the operations process preserves combat power and mitigates the effects of threats and hazards to enable freedom of action.

The prioritization of protection assets is situationally dependent and resource informed. The goal of protection capabilities integration is to balance protection with the freedom of action throughout the duration of military operations. This is achieved by integrating reinforcing or complementary protection capabilities in order to mitigate or assume risk for all identified and prioritized vulnerabilities. The collaboration, integration, and synchronization between the warfighting functions assist in identifying threats and hazards and mitigating their effects. Not all assets listed on the protection prioritization list receive continuous protection. Some critical assets only receive protection assets based on available resources. Determining and directing protection priorities may involve the most important decisions commanders make and their staffs support.

Overall, ADP 3-37 remains consistent with previous protection doctrine. The protection warfighting function establishes the protection tasks and systems that are synchronized and integrated throughout the operations process and, with the other elements of combat power, preserves the force so that commanders can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. The doctrine described in this publication is nested with FM 3-0.

This manual builds on the collective knowledge and wisdom gained through recent operations, numerous lessons learned, and doctrine revisions throughout the Army. It is rooted in time-tested principles and fundamentals, while accommodating new technologies and organizational changes. The following are brief chapter summaries and changes to ADP 3-37:

? Chapter 1 defines and examines the role of protection and establishes protection as a warfighting function. This chapter also includes a discussion on the levels of threat and eliminates the use of protection as a continuing activity, but highlights protection as a continuous and enduring activity throughout the entire operations process.

? Chapter 2 expands on the discussion of all 16 primary protection tasks and systems in support of the protection warfighting function. Protection tasks enable commanders to preserve the force, safeguard critical sites, and secure routes. Each task and its associated systems are associated with a staff or staff proponent that performs specific duties.

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Introduction

? Chapter 3 describes how planning is the first step toward effective protection. Through planning, commanders and staffs identify what the command must accomplish, when and where it must be done and, most importantly, why it must be accomplished--the purpose for the operation. Chapter 3 describes how protection planning is a continuous process that must include an understanding of the threats and hazards that may impact operations from the deep area back to the strategic support area. It also establishes a protection prioritization list--a key protection product that is developed during initial assessments (which ranks orders protection for friendly forces first, then civilians, and then infrastructure) and continuously assessed and revised throughout each phase of an operation.

? Chapter 4 discusses how protection during preparation activities is a continuous and enduring activity. During preparation activities, the protection focus is on deterring enemy or adversary actions that would affect combat power and on how the integration of protection tasks safeguards friendly forces, civilians, and infrastructure.

? Chapter 5 discusses how the execution of protection is continuous and must occur throughout all operations to shape, operations to prevent, large-scale ground combat operations, and operations to consolidate gains, with a focus on deterring and preventing the enemy, adversaries, or hazards from actions that affect the force. Effective execution is aided by seizing the initiative through action and accepting prudent risk to exploit opportunities to gain positions of relative advantage. The continuous and enduring character of protection activities makes the continuity of protection actions essential during execution. Commanders implement control measures and allocate resources that are sufficient to ensure protection continuity and restoration.

? Chapter 6 discusses the continuous assessment of protection throughout planning, preparation, operations to shape, operations to prevent, large-scale ground combat operations, and operations to consolidate gains. Continuous assessment allows commanders and staffs to evaluate the progress of achieving desired effects and to adapt protection measures, as necessary.

Based on current doctrinal changes, certain terms for which ADP 3-37 is proponent have been added, rescinded, or modified for purposes of this publication. The glossary contains acronyms and defined terms. See introductory table-1 and introductory table-2 for specific term changes.

Introductory table-1. Rescinded Army terms

Term

Remarks

operational area security

Rescinded.

Introductory table-2. Modified Army terms

Term

Remarks

critical asset security

Proponent changed from ADRP 3-37 to ADP 3-37.

fratricide

Proponent changed from ADRP 3-37 to ADP 3-37.

movement corridor

Proponent changed from FM 3-81 to ADP 3-37.

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