ETO, Organization and Equipment of Field Artillery Units

[Pages:58]TW GEhJFAL BOARD 1Jnited S t a t e s Forces, European Theater

STITDY

- OP THE ORGANIZA~IOT- nr.m ETJIEITTYT

-OF

I

- FIFIE ARTILLERY KWTS

EJISSICN: Prepere Report and Recornmendations on t h e Organization and Equipment of Field A r t i l l e r y Units.

The General Boarcl was e s t a b l i s h c d by General Orders 128, Headquarters European Thester of Operations, US Army, d a t e d 1 7 ?me 194.5,as m s n d e d by General O r d e r s 182, d a t e d 7 >4ug-ust 1945 and General Orders 312 dated 20

November 1745, Headquarters TJnited S t e t e s Forces, Furopean Theater, t o prepare a factual analysis of the s t r a t e g y ,

t a c t i c s , and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n employed 5y t h e Unltsd S t a t e s forces i n t h e European Theater.

Study Ember 59

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SIBJECT

PAGE

Fart One: General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . -- P a r t Two: D i v i s i o n a l A r t i l l e r y

2

. . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: I n r a n t r y D i v i s i o n

2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 The F i r j n g

. Light A r t i l l e r y

B. a.t t e.r y.

..

..

..

..

..

..

. .

2

2

Medium A r t i l l e r y

4

. . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y

5

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and

Headquarters Battery

6

. . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n k The B a t t a l i o n

8

S e c t i o n 5 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Head-

. . . . . . . . . . . . q J a r t e r s and Headquarters

Sattery

8

. . . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n Artillery

11

. . . . . . Chapter 2: Arnored D l v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

11

. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The F i r i n g B a t t e r y

11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light A r t i l l e r y

lledium A r t i l l e r y .

11

12

. . . . . S e c t i o n 2 B a t t a l i o l S e r v i c e 3 a t t e r y

13

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and

Headquarters Battery

13

. . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 4 .The B a t t a l i o n

14

. . . . S e c t i o n 5 D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y R e a d q u a r t e r s

and Headquarters R a t t e r y

14

. . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

6 14

. . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3 : Airborne D i v i s i o n

15

. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The F i r i n g B a t t e r y

15

. . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y

16

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 3 The B a t t a l i o n E e a d q u a r t e s s and

Headquarters RattRry

16

S e c t i o n Lk .The . B a t t a l i o n . . . . . . . . . 16

. S e c t i o n 5 The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Baad-

. . . . . . . . . . . . q u a r t e r s and Iiefldquart a r s

Battery

17

. . . . . S e c t i o n 6 .The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

17

CUPTECT

PAGE

. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

. . . . . . . . . Part Three: > J o n - d i v i s i o r a l A r t i l l e r y

19

. . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: L i g h t Ar;illery

19

. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .The Eiricg B a t t e r y

1?

. . S e c t i o n 2 - T h e R a t t a l i o n S e r v l c e 3 a t t e r y

19

. . . . . S e c t i o n 3 .The P a t t a l i o n Headquarters and

Heaaquarters Eattery

19

. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 4 .The B a t t a l i o n .

19

Chapter 2 : . . !tedium A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . 2 0

. . . . . . . - S e c t i o n 1 The F i r i n g E a t t e r y

20

. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .The B a t t a l i o n .

20

Cnapt er 3 ! Heavy A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0

. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 - The Firring B a t t e r y

20

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 - The S e r v i c e B a t t e r y .

22

. . . . . S e c t i o n 3 - T h e E a t t a l i o n I i e a d q u a r t e r s nnd

Headquarters Eattery

23

. . . . . . . . . . - S e c t i o n 4 The Einbtalion

23

Chapter 4: The Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .General Organization

23

. . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 - The Headqusrters an9 Ilead-

qcarters Battery

23

. . . . . C h a p t e r 5 : Tbe F i e l d A r t i l l p r y Bri.?ade

21t

- S e c t i o n 1 Organization . . . . . . . . . . 24.

S e c t i o n 2 - . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 24

. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

P a r t Pour: Corps . A r t i l l e r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?7

. . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: General Crganization

27

. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .Crganic & i t s .

. H e a d q u a r t e r s and R e a d q u a r t e r s E a t t e r y

. F i e l d A r t i l l e r y O b s e r v a t i o n B a t t a l l o n

2-7

27

28

. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .Attached IJriits

28

. . . . . . . . Chapter 2 : The A r t i l l e r y Division

Z?

. . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 - Gsneral Organization

29

S?JRJFCT

PAGE

. . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 2 .Orgaiiic A r t i l l e r y

29

. . . . . . . . . . iunount of A r t i l l e r y

30

S e c t i o n 3 . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 3i

. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . P a r t Five: Array A r t i l l e r y

33

. c h a p t e r 1: A r t i l l e r y S e c t i o n . Army H e a d q u a r t e r s 3 3

. . . . . . . Chapter 2 : The Army A r t i l l e r y Pool

3j

. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

. . . . . . . . . . . . P a r t six: Fiigher Xeadquasters

36

. . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1: The Army Group

36

Chapter 2: The T h c a t e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

. . . . . . . . . Chapter 3 : Supreme Headquarters

38

. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j?

. . . . . P a r t Seven: C o n c l u s l o n s and Eecommenrlations

40

Chapter I: Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

. . - S e c t i o n 1 I n f a n t r y D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y .

40

. . . . . . . . . . . The F i r i n g Battery

40

. . . . . The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B a t t e r y

4.0

The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u a r t e r s and Head-

. . . . . . . . . . . q u a p t e r s B a t t e r y

40

. . . . . . . . . . . . . The E a t t a l i o n

1d

. . . . . . . . . The D j v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

41

. . . S e c t i o n 2 - Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

41

. . . S e c t i o n 3 .Aizborne D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

41

. . . . Sec5Lon 4 .N o n - d i v i s i o n a l A r t i l l e r y

41

. . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 5 .Corps A r t i l l e r y

42

. S e c t i o n 6 .Army and Higher H o s d q u a r t e r s

42

. . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2: Hecormendations

42

. . . . . . . . . . . S e c t i o n 1 .I n f a n t r y I j i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y . . . 13

The P i r i n g B a t t e r y

13

The B a t t a l i o n H e a d q u ~ r t e r sand Ilead-

. . . . . . . . . . . q u a r t e r s Battery

43

. . . . . Thc Esttalion S e r v i c e B a t t e r y

44

. . . . . . . . . . . . . The E a t t a l i o n

44

The Division A r t i l l e r y Headquarters and

. . . . . . . . . IIeadquart e r s Eatt ery

411

. . . . . . . . . . . DFvision A r t i l l e r y

115

- . . . S e c t i o n 2 Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

45

SUSJRCT

PAGE

. . . . . . . . . . . The

The

Firing Battery &;talion Headquarters

and

Head .

. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . quarters B a t t e r y

`The B a t t a l i o n S e r v i c e B t t e r y

. . . . . . . . . . . .

The B a t t a l i o n

t

The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y Headquarters and

. . . . . . . . .

Headquarters Battery

. . . . . . . The D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

..

. . . S e c t i o n 3 .A i r b o r n e D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

S

e

c

t

i

o n 4 .No

Light..

. . Medium

. H e a v y . . . Group

n....-

d....iv....is

i....o

n....a

l ....

A....

r....t i

l....l

e....r

y ....

.....

.....

.....

. . . . .

46

44..66

46

4.7

. . . . . . . H e a d q u a r t e r s and Headquarters B a t t e r y Field Artillery Brigade

48

. . . . . . . . .

S e c t f o q 5 - Corps . 4 r t i l l e r y

48

. . . . . . . . . . .

. A r t i l l e r y Division

Field A r t i l l e r y Observation Eattalion

48

48

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

- S e c t i o n 6 Army A r t i l l e r y

49

The A r t i l l e r y Section

49

. . . . . . . .

The Army A r t i l l e r y P o o l

49

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

- Section 7 Higher Headquarters

49

The Army Group

IC9

. . . . . . . . .

The Theater

49

Supreme Headquarters.

51

THE GENERAL BOARD

UNITED STATES FORCES. EUROPEAN "TI APO 4.68

STUDY OF THE ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT

OF

FIELD ARTIUERY UNITS

P r e p a r e d by :

Brig Gen Col Loui

s

Jesmond D. R

J. Compton,

alm Ex

e e

r, cu

Chi tive

ef, Of

Arti ficer

,l l

ery Art

S il

ect ler

io y

n

Section

Col E r n e s t T. Gwen, A r t i l l e r y S e c t i o n

Principal consultants:

Brig Gen Theodore E. E u e c h l e r , 08566, A r t i l l e r y

Officer, European Theater Operations, United

S t a t e s Army

Brig Cen J u l i u s S l a c k , 012271, Commanding G e n e r a l , XX Corps Artillery

R r i g Gen John M. L e n t z , 010343, Comnsnding G e n e r a l ,

X I 1 Corps A r t i l l e r y Brig Gen John F. U n c l e s , 014914, Commanding G e n e r a l ,

- 3 4 t h F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Brigade

co 1 Carl I. IIutton. 018177. Commanding O f f i c e r . 2d

, Armored D i v i s i o n A r t i i l e r y

Go1 Tame8 G. W a t k i n s , 07249, Commanding O f f i c e r 3 6 t h F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group

Col C a r l o s Brewer, 0 3 5 3 9 , A r t i l l e r y O f f i c e r , S e v e n t h

Army Col John V?. Russey, 07464, Commanding O f f i c e r , 3 4 9 t h

Field Arkillery Group C O l John J. Bipns, 315207, Commanding O f f i c e r , V I

Corps A r t i l l e r y

C O l R u s s e l T. F i n n , 016237, E x e c u t i v e O f f i c e r , 32d Fie1d A r t i l l e r y Brigade

C O l Douglas J. Page, 04.495, Commanding O f f i c e r , 5 t h Arraored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

C o l Roswell B. H a r t , OlZfL87, Executive O f f i c e r , 78th Division Artillery

C O l H. 1;. B u r l t o n , M i l i t a r y Cross, Royal A r t i l l e r y , Supreme HPad q u a r t e r s A l l i e d E x p e d i t i o n a r y F o r c e s

Go1 Paul H. V e i l a n d , 084.18, Commanding O f f i c e r , 40th

F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group

C o l Robert L. Gardell. 018505. Comandina-; W f i c e r ,

100th Division Artillery' Lt Col John 5. Routh, 0328340, F i e l d A r t i l l e r y ,

Armored S e c t i o n , G e n e r a l Board Lt Col Joseph W. Keating!, 019800, F i e l d A r t i l l e r y ,

, G-3 S e c t i o n , C e n e r i i b a r d .

L t Col Raymond Renola, 022971, Comnanding O f f i c e r

375th Field Artillery Eattalion Lt Col F r e d e r i c k a. S t r i t z i n g e r , 017186, Commanding

Officer, 752d Field Artillery Eattalion

Lt Go1 S t a c y 'hi. Goooh, 019.455, Comanding O f f i c e r ,

724th Field Artillery Battalion, 69th Infantry

Division

Lt Col Iienry E. S t r i c k l a n d , 016140, Comnanding O f f i c e r , 79th F i e l d A r t i l l e r y Group

OTficer, 3d Amnored D i v i s i o n A r t i l l e r y

Lt c o l L O U I S vCr7J I deRiemer3 017640, G-3 Section,

General Eoard

Maj R o b e r t Ha Murphy ? 011AG338, A i r OFficer 100th

Division Artillery

UNITED

THE

STATXS

GFOEENiECREASL,

BOARD XJROFEAN

TEIEATW

-4PO 4.08

STUDY OF TILT ORGAlJIZATION -4ND EQUPIFXT OF FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS

PART ONE

GENEZAL

1. Purpose. The p u r p o s e o f t h i s s k i d y i s t o c r i t i c a l l y examine-the o r g a n i z a t i o n and equipment o f t h e f i e l d a r t i l l e r y u n i t s of the Urited States forces i n the European T h a t e r w i t h a view t o making reconmendations for major changes thereto.

2 . Scope, No t a b l e s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n and equipment were p r e p x a s a part of t h i s study, but s u f f i c i e n t det a i l has been given t o indicate t h e degired major changes,

3. Source Yaterial. This study is based on r e p o r t s o f c o n f e r m o P s e E artill e r y comiisnders, p r e v i o u s l y submitted recommendations for changes t o t a b l e s o f o r g a n ization and equipment, interviews with o f f i c e r s o f a l l g r a d e s , and c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h members of The General B o a r d .

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