1) In which portion of the cardiovascular system does the ...



1) In which portion of the cardiovascular system does the majority of the blood stay?

a. the heart b. the arteries c. the capillaries d. the veins

2) The circulatory pathway containing two consecutive capillaries are called ___.

a. arteriovenous anastomosis b. portal system c. arterial anastomosis

3) Blood vessels are involved in all of the following activities except ____.

a. converting intermittent blood flow into continuous flow b. redistributing blood from one organ to another c. maintaining a normal arterial blood pressure d. destroying aged red blood cells

4) If a person’s systolic and diastolic arterial pressure are 100 mmHg and 70 mmHg, respectively, what is the mean arterial pressure?

a. 85 mmHg b. 80 mmHg c. 75 mmHg d. 90 mmHg

5) Where does the blood pressure fluctuate significantly?

a. arteries b. capillaries c. small veins d. all of a, b, and c

6) The peripheral resistance against blood flow increases if ___.

a. hematocrit increases b. blood vessel length decreases c. arterial diameter increases

7) Blood flow increases if ____. (hint: considering the relationship among flow, pressure, and resistance).

a. hematocrit increases b. blood vessel length increases c. arterial diameter increases d. blood pressure decreases

8) By adjusting ____, blood flow to a organ can be regulated quickly.

a. blood viscosity b. blood vessel length c. blood vessel diameter

9) The capillaries open ___.

a. all the time b. intermittently c. when precapillary sphincters contract

10) Capillary wall is usually not permeable to ____.

a. glucose b. NaCl c. water d. proteins

11) Plasma components penetrate capillary wall through the following routes except ___.

a. intercellular cleft b. intercalated discs c. fenestration d. endothelial cell body

12) Mechanisms for capillary exchange include all except ____.

a. diffusion b. filtration c. transmission d. transcytosis

13) An increase in interstitial oncotic pressure would increase ___ across capillary wall. (Hint: Filtration refers to fluid movement out of the capillary)

a. filtration b. reabsorption c. transcytosis d. transmission

14) A decrease in plasma protein content would increase ____.

a. filtration b. reabsorption c. diffusion d. transmission

15) Plasma is a ___.

a. colloid b. solution c. suspension

16) Under what condition, can solute A generate osmotic pressure?

a. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to both solute A and water

b. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to solute A but not to water

c. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to water but not to solute A

17) Under osmotic pressure, water flows from one compartment to another compartment that contains ___ solutes.

a. more b. less c. equal number of

18) ___ happens at the arterial end of capillary; ___ happens at the venous end.

a. Filtration/reabsorption b. Reabsorption/filtration c. Filtration/filtration

d. Reabsorption/reabsorption

19) With the aid of venous valves, skeletal muscle contraction __ venous blood return to the heart; exspiration ___ venous blood return.

a. increases/increases b. increases/decreases c. decreases/increases d. decreases/decreases

20) If mean arterial pressure decreases, the compensatory responses would include ____.

a. an increase in heart rate b. peripheral vasodilation c. a decrease in cardiac contractility

21) An increased sympathetic nervous activity would more likely cause ___.

a. cerebral vasoconstriction b. peripheral vasodilation c. peripheral vasoconstriction

22) Sympathetic nerves innervate ___ blood vessels ___ parasympathetic nerves.

a. as many/as b. more/than c. less/than

23) Which receptor is the least likely involved in the compensatory responses to a sudden drop of mean arterial pressure?

a. baroreceptors b. chemoreceptors c. proprioceptors

24) Which hormone would most likely cause vasodilation?

a. norepinepherine b. angiotensin II c. vasopressin d. atrial natriuretic peptide

25) Renin is produced by ____.

a. pituitary gland b. adrenal gland c. kidneys d. hypothalamus

26) Renin has the following direct effect of ___.

a. converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I b. converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II c. stimulating thirst d. stimulating aldosterone secretion

27) Vasopressin is secreted from ___.

a. posterior pituitary b. kidneys c. adrenal gland d. lungs

28) Accumulation of metabolic products in the tissue fluid would intend to cause ___ of the local arterioles.

a. vasoconstriction b. vasodilation c. contraction of precapillary sphincters

29) As the myogenic response, a sudden increase in the pressure inside a small artery would trigger ____ of this artery.

a. dilation b. constriction c. neither dilation nor constriction

30) The brain receives blood supply from ___.

a. internal carotid arteries only b. vertebral arteries only c. both internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

31) Cerebral blood flow ___ change very much when mean arterial pressure fluctuate within the range of 60 mmHg to 160 mmHg.

a. does b. does not

32) Low oxygen content in the lungs causes pulmonary ____.

a. vasoconstriction b. vasodilation c. neither vasodilation nor vasoconstriction

KEY

1d 2b 3d 4b 5a 6a 7c 8c 9b 10d

11b 12c 13a 14a 15a 16c 17a 18a 19a 20a

21c 22b 23c 24d 25c 26a 27a 28b 29b 30c

31b 32a

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