CONTINENTAL FORCES, 28 JUNE 1778
CONTINENTAL FORCES, 28 JUNE 1778[1]
Mid-Afternoon
George Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Prepared by Dr. Garry W. Stone, Historian, Monmouth Battlefield State Park, and used with permission
PERRINE HILL
George Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Major-General Arthur St. Clair, Acting Adjutant
Major-General William Alexander, Lord Stirling
Major James Monroe, Adjutant
Forward Screen
SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part Brigadier-General Charles Scott 720 +/-
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Joseph Cilley (1st NH) (350)
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Richard Parker (1st VA)[2]
1ST PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne[3] and 429*[4]
Colonel William Irvine (in Wayne’s absence)[5]
1st Pennsylvania Colonel James Chambers
2nd Pennsylvania [6]
7th Pennsylvania Colonel William Irvine
10th Pennsylvania
2ND PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE[7] Colonel? 487*
1nd New York Colonel Goose Van Schaick
4th Pennsylvania Lt.-Col. William Butler [detached, picked men]
5th Pennsylvania Colonel Francis Johnson[8]
11th Pennsylvania Colonel Richard Humpton?[9]
3RD PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE[10] Colonel Oliver Spencer? 438*
3rd Pennsylvania Colonel Thomas Craig
6th Pennsylvania Lt.-Col. Josiah Harmar
9th Pennsylvania Colonel Richard Butler [detached, picked men]
12th Pennsylvania Captain ?[11]
Malcolm’s Additional Regiment Lt.-Col. Aaron Burr
Spencer’s Additional Regiment Colonel Oliver Spencer
Main Line
LEARNED’S BRIGADE Colonel John Bailey? 373*
2nd Massachusetts Colonel John Bailey
8th Massachusetts Colonel Michael Jackson
9th Massachusetts Colonel James Wesson [detached, picked men]
GLOVER’S BRIGADE Colonel?[12] 636*
1st Massachusetts Colonel Joseph Vose[13]
4th Massachusetts Colonel William Shepard
13th Massachusetts Colonel Edward Wigglesworth
15th Massachusetts Colonel Timothy Bigelow
HUNTINGTON’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Jedediah Huntington 632*
1st & 7th Connecticut Colonel Heman Swift
2nd & 5th Connecticut Colonel Philip Burr Bradley
POOR’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Enoch Poor 754*
1st New Hampshire Colonel Joseph Cilley [detached, picked men]
2nd New Hampshire Colonel Nathaniel Hale
3rd New Hampshire Lt.-Col. Henry Dearborn [detached, picked men]
2nd New York Colonel Philip VanCortlandt[14]
4th New York Colonel Henry B. Livingston [det’d, picked men]
ARTILLERY Brigadier-General Henry Knox ?
10 to 12 guns including Captain Francis Proctor’s Company, 4th Continental Artillery
PERRINE HILL RESERVES
(Shadowed British flanking column, then rested in Perrine Woods)
Major-General Marquis de Lafayette
NORTH CAROLINA BRIGADE Colonel Thomas Clark 425*
1st North Carolina Colonel Thomas Clark
2nd North Carolina Colonel John Patten
1ST MARYLAND BRIGADE Brigadier-General William Smallwood 790*
1st Maryland Colonel John Hawkins Stone
3rd Maryland Colonel Mordecai Gist
5th Maryland Colonel William Richardson
7th Maryland Colonel John Gunby
Delaware Colonel David Hall
WEEDEN’S BRIGADE [15] Brigadier-General George Weeden 587*
2nd Virginia Colonel Christian Febiger
6th Virginia Colonel John Gibson
10th Virginia Colonel John Green
14th Virginia Colonel William Davies
13th Pennsylvania Colonel Walter Stewart [det’d, picked men]
MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part 500 +/-
2nd New Jersey Colonel Israel Shreve
1st New Jersey (on extreme left)[16] Colonel Mathias Ogden
RIGHT FLANK DETACHMENT
(Dispatched to Solomon’s Tavern; then ordered to Comb’s Hill)
Major-General Nathanael Greene
Lt.-Col. David Rhea (2nd NJ), guide
WOODFORD’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General William Woodford 475* +Art.
3rd/7th Virginia Lt.-Col. Holt Richardson (7 VA)
11th/15th Virginia Lt.-Col. John Cropper (11 VA)
4 guns Lt.-Col. Chevalier du Plessis-Mauduit
& Militia videttes
LEFT FLANK DETACHMENT?
(Harassing British Column north of Spotswood North Brook)[17]
Unidentified Continental or Militia units
?Unidentified Unit Maj. James Monroe (AdC Lord Stirling), Lt.-Col. B. Bassett (14th MA) 70+/-[18]
RIFLE DETACHMENT[19]
(Richmond Mills)
Colonel Daniel Morgan (11th VA)
Rifle Battalion Colonel Daniel Morgan }
2 North Carolina Light Infantry Companies }
Officer and 25 marksmen from each brigade except NC Brigade }
Washington’s Life Guards, part[20] Captain Caleb Gibbs (82) } 600+/-
& Militia: 1st Monmouth, 2nd Monmouth, 2nd Burlington 217
DRAGOON DETACHMENT[21]
(Middletown Road at rear of British 2nd Division)
Colonel Stephen Moylan (4th Light Dragoons)
Detachment drawn from 1st, 2nd[22], 3rd, and 4th Light Dragoons ?
HEIGHTS OF ENGLISHTOWN
Major-General Freidrich Wilhelm von Steuben
Reserves
PATERSON’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General John Paterson 485*
10th Massachusetts Colonel Thomas Marshall
11th Massachusetts Colonel Benjamin Tupper
12th Massachusetts Colonel Samuel Brewer
14th Massachusetts Colonel Gamaliel Bradford
2ND MARYLAND BRIGADE Colonel? 602*
2nd Maryland Lt.-Col. Thomas Woolford
4th Maryland Colonel Josias Carvil Hall
6th Maryland Colonel Otho Holland Williams
MUHLENBERG’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Peter Muhlenberg 711*
1st, 5th, and 9th Virginia Colonel Richard Parker [detached, picked men]
1st Virginia State Colonel George Gibson
2nd Virginia State Colonel Gregory Smith
German Battalion Lt.-Col. Ludowick Weltner
ARTILLERY ?
Unknown companies
Advance Force Units
(Reforming)
SCOTT’S BRIGADE [23] Colonel William Grayson 300- +Art.
Grayson’s Additional Regiment Colonel William Grayson
Patton’s Additional Regiment Lt.-Col. John Parke
4th/8th/12th Virginia Colonel James Wood (12th VA)
10th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Wells
VARNUM’S BRIGADE Lt.-Col. Jeremeiah Olney (2nd RI)[24] 300-350 +Art.
1st/2nd Rhode Island
4th/8th Connecticut Lt.-Col. Giles Russell (4th CT)
11th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Capt.-Lieut. John Cumpston[25]
SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part 720+/- +Art.
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Richard Butler (9th PA)[26]
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Nathaniel Gist (Gist’s Additional)[27]
2 companies artillery
WAYNE’S DETACHMENT 1,000 + Art.
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Henry B. Livingston (4th NY) (380)
Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Walter Stewart (13th PA)
Battalion of Picked Men Wounded Colonel, captured Lt.-Colonel[28]
6th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Seward
MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part Brigadier-General William Maxwell 400+/- +Art.
3rd New Jersey Colonel Elias Dayton
4th New Jersey Lt.-Col. David Brearly
Company, 2nd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Randall[29]
JACKSON’S DETACHMENT[30] Colonel Henry Jackson 200
Jackson’s Additional Continental Regiment
Henley’s Additional Continental Regiment
William Lee’s Additional Continental Regiment
Garry Wheeler Stone
Revised to 1 December 2010
-----------------------
[1] Brigade structure is based on Charles H. Lesser, The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
[2] Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, David Library of the American Revolution, film 44.
[3] Brigade commanders are taken from John U. Rees, “’What is this you have been about to day?’ The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” on-line at .
[4]Entries marked * are from a brigade-by-brigade field return taken at Manalapan Brigade, 28 June 1778. Reproduced in William S. Stryker, The Battle of Monmouth (Princeton: Princeton Un. Press, 1927), p. 120.
[5] William Irvine to John Davis, 30 June 1778, in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 2 (1878), pp. 147-148.
[6] At the Manalapan Bridge muster, only 3 colonels were in the brigade. It is not clear whether Henry Bicker (2PA) or George Nagel (10PA) was absent.
[7] “We were in the front Line though not engag’d.” Lt.-Col. Persifor Frazer to his wife, Polly, 30 June 1778, in General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir Compiled Principally from his own papers (Philadelphia, 1907), p. 182.
[8] Apparently present at Monmouth, though subsequently unwell. General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir, p. 185.
[9] Probably absent, as the brigade had only two colonels present at Manalapan Brigade.
[10] The Manalapan field return lists no colonels and only three lieutenant-colonels present, but a compilation or transcription error is present as Craig and Spencer are known to have taken part in the battle.
[11] Trussell, Pennsylvania Line, p. 137.
[12] Brigadier-General John Glover was commanding West Point. George Athan Billias, General John Glover and His Marblehead Mariners (NY: Henry Holt, 1960), p. 161.
[13] Ebenezer Wild, 1 MA, Diary: formed on an eminence our artillery in our front; retired into woods during cannonade.
[14] Deposition supporting pension application of John Van Demark, 2NY: in reserve in edge of woods; ordered to prime & load as enemy advancing (W16557).
[15] “Extracts from the Diary of Captain John Nice [13th PA],” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 16 (1892):406.
[16] David Cooper pension application: positioned on the extreme left behind the 1st line (John U. Rees, “I Expect to be Stationed in Jersey . . ..” (MS, 1994), Appendix P, p. 3.
[17] Steven Jarvis (Sergeant, Queen’s American Rangers), Autobiography. New York Historical Society, Miscellaneous Microfilms, roll 17. Copy courtesy Michael S. Adelberg.
[18] James Monroe, The Writings of James Monroe (NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1898-1903), vol. 1, p. 1.
[19] George Washington, General Orders, 22 June 1778.
[20] Elijah Fisher’s Diary, pp. 275-292 in Carlos E. Godfrey, The Commander-in-Chief’s Guard (Washington: Stevenson-Smith, 1904).
[21] John T. Hayes, The Saddlebag Almanac, vol. 4, no. 1 (January 1996), pp. 1-29.
[22] Research by Charles W. Griswold . His ancestor, Epaphras Thompson claimed he was at Monmouth, and several officers remained in Pennsylvania after most of the regiment was sent to New York.. Files, MBSP
[23] Apparently operating as two battalions: Lt.-Col. Patton commanding the combined regiments of Grayson and Patton, while Grayson commanded 4th/8th/12th VA. Why didn’t Wood command his battalion? He was senior to Grayson and he is not listed as absent in the muster. Was he on temporary assignment or sick?
[24] The commander at the beginning of the day, Col. John Durkee (4th CT), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse.
[25] Lee Papers, III: 140-143, testimony John Cumpston. His commander, Captain David Cook, was shot through the lungs at the hedgerow (he survived).
[26] Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, film 44; printed in Friends of Monmouth Battlefield, The Battlecry, vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 2000).
[27] Lee Papers, III:63 (Lt.-Col. Meade);
[28] The initial commander, Col. James Wesson (9th MA), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse. His second, Lt.-Col. Nathaniel Ramsay (3rd MD) was captured at the Point-of-Woods.
[29] Joseph Lummis, pension application, National Archives, S41784
[30] Jackson’s, Henley’s, and Lee’s regiments were formally reconstituted as one regiment 22 April 1779.
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