CONTINENTAL FORCES, 28 JUNE 1778



CONTINENTAL FORCES, 28 JUNE 1778[1]

Mid-Afternoon

George Washington, Commander-in-Chief

Prepared by Dr. Garry W. Stone, Historian, Monmouth Battlefield State Park, and used with permission

PERRINE HILL

George Washington, Commander-in-Chief

Major-General Arthur St. Clair, Acting Adjutant

Major-General William Alexander, Lord Stirling

Major James Monroe, Adjutant

Forward Screen

SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part Brigadier-General Charles Scott 720 +/-

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Joseph Cilley (1st NH) (350)

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Richard Parker (1st VA)[2]

1ST PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne[3] and 429*[4]

Colonel William Irvine (in Wayne’s absence)[5]

1st Pennsylvania Colonel James Chambers

2nd Pennsylvania [6]

7th Pennsylvania Colonel William Irvine

10th Pennsylvania

2ND PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE[7] Colonel? 487*

1nd New York Colonel Goose Van Schaick

4th Pennsylvania Lt.-Col. William Butler [detached, picked men]

5th Pennsylvania Colonel Francis Johnson[8]

11th Pennsylvania Colonel Richard Humpton?[9]

3RD PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE[10] Colonel Oliver Spencer? 438*

3rd Pennsylvania Colonel Thomas Craig

6th Pennsylvania Lt.-Col. Josiah Harmar

9th Pennsylvania Colonel Richard Butler [detached, picked men]

12th Pennsylvania Captain ?[11]

Malcolm’s Additional Regiment Lt.-Col. Aaron Burr

Spencer’s Additional Regiment Colonel Oliver Spencer

Main Line

LEARNED’S BRIGADE Colonel John Bailey? 373*

2nd Massachusetts Colonel John Bailey

8th Massachusetts Colonel Michael Jackson

9th Massachusetts Colonel James Wesson [detached, picked men]

GLOVER’S BRIGADE Colonel?[12] 636*

1st Massachusetts Colonel Joseph Vose[13]

4th Massachusetts Colonel William Shepard

13th Massachusetts Colonel Edward Wigglesworth

15th Massachusetts Colonel Timothy Bigelow

HUNTINGTON’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Jedediah Huntington 632*

1st & 7th Connecticut Colonel Heman Swift

2nd & 5th Connecticut Colonel Philip Burr Bradley

POOR’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Enoch Poor 754*

1st New Hampshire Colonel Joseph Cilley [detached, picked men]

2nd New Hampshire Colonel Nathaniel Hale

3rd New Hampshire Lt.-Col. Henry Dearborn [detached, picked men]

2nd New York Colonel Philip VanCortlandt[14]

4th New York Colonel Henry B. Livingston [det’d, picked men]

ARTILLERY Brigadier-General Henry Knox ?

10 to 12 guns including Captain Francis Proctor’s Company, 4th Continental Artillery

PERRINE HILL RESERVES

(Shadowed British flanking column, then rested in Perrine Woods)

Major-General Marquis de Lafayette

NORTH CAROLINA BRIGADE Colonel Thomas Clark 425*

1st North Carolina Colonel Thomas Clark

2nd North Carolina Colonel John Patten

1ST MARYLAND BRIGADE Brigadier-General William Smallwood 790*

1st Maryland Colonel John Hawkins Stone

3rd Maryland Colonel Mordecai Gist

5th Maryland Colonel William Richardson

7th Maryland Colonel John Gunby

Delaware Colonel David Hall

WEEDEN’S BRIGADE [15] Brigadier-General George Weeden 587*

2nd Virginia Colonel Christian Febiger

6th Virginia Colonel John Gibson

10th Virginia Colonel John Green

14th Virginia Colonel William Davies

13th Pennsylvania Colonel Walter Stewart [det’d, picked men]

MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part 500 +/-

2nd New Jersey Colonel Israel Shreve

1st New Jersey (on extreme left)[16] Colonel Mathias Ogden

RIGHT FLANK DETACHMENT

(Dispatched to Solomon’s Tavern; then ordered to Comb’s Hill)

Major-General Nathanael Greene

Lt.-Col. David Rhea (2nd NJ), guide

WOODFORD’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General William Woodford 475* +Art.

3rd/7th Virginia Lt.-Col. Holt Richardson (7 VA)

11th/15th Virginia Lt.-Col. John Cropper (11 VA)

4 guns Lt.-Col. Chevalier du Plessis-Mauduit

& Militia videttes

LEFT FLANK DETACHMENT?

(Harassing British Column north of Spotswood North Brook)[17]

Unidentified Continental or Militia units

?Unidentified Unit Maj. James Monroe (AdC Lord Stirling), Lt.-Col. B. Bassett (14th MA) 70+/-[18]

RIFLE DETACHMENT[19]

(Richmond Mills)

Colonel Daniel Morgan (11th VA)

Rifle Battalion Colonel Daniel Morgan }

2 North Carolina Light Infantry Companies }

Officer and 25 marksmen from each brigade except NC Brigade }

Washington’s Life Guards, part[20] Captain Caleb Gibbs (82) } 600+/-

& Militia: 1st Monmouth, 2nd Monmouth, 2nd Burlington 217

DRAGOON DETACHMENT[21]

(Middletown Road at rear of British 2nd Division)

Colonel Stephen Moylan (4th Light Dragoons)

Detachment drawn from 1st, 2nd[22], 3rd, and 4th Light Dragoons ?

HEIGHTS OF ENGLISHTOWN

Major-General Freidrich Wilhelm von Steuben

Reserves

PATERSON’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General John Paterson 485*

10th Massachusetts Colonel Thomas Marshall

11th Massachusetts Colonel Benjamin Tupper

12th Massachusetts Colonel Samuel Brewer

14th Massachusetts Colonel Gamaliel Bradford

2ND MARYLAND BRIGADE Colonel? 602*

2nd Maryland Lt.-Col. Thomas Woolford

4th Maryland Colonel Josias Carvil Hall

6th Maryland Colonel Otho Holland Williams

MUHLENBERG’S BRIGADE Brigadier-General Peter Muhlenberg 711*

1st, 5th, and 9th Virginia Colonel Richard Parker [detached, picked men]

1st Virginia State Colonel George Gibson

2nd Virginia State Colonel Gregory Smith

German Battalion Lt.-Col. Ludowick Weltner

ARTILLERY ?

Unknown companies

Advance Force Units

(Reforming)

SCOTT’S BRIGADE [23] Colonel William Grayson 300- +Art.

Grayson’s Additional Regiment Colonel William Grayson

Patton’s Additional Regiment Lt.-Col. John Parke

4th/8th/12th Virginia Colonel James Wood (12th VA)

10th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Wells

VARNUM’S BRIGADE Lt.-Col. Jeremeiah Olney (2nd RI)[24] 300-350 +Art.

1st/2nd Rhode Island

4th/8th Connecticut Lt.-Col. Giles Russell (4th CT)

11th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Capt.-Lieut. John Cumpston[25]

SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part 720+/- +Art.

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Richard Butler (9th PA)[26]

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Nathaniel Gist (Gist’s Additional)[27]

2 companies artillery

WAYNE’S DETACHMENT 1,000 + Art.

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Henry B. Livingston (4th NY) (380)

Battalion of Picked Men Colonel Walter Stewart (13th PA)

Battalion of Picked Men Wounded Colonel, captured Lt.-Colonel[28]

6th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Seward

MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part Brigadier-General William Maxwell 400+/- +Art.

3rd New Jersey Colonel Elias Dayton

4th New Jersey Lt.-Col. David Brearly

Company, 2nd Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Randall[29]

JACKSON’S DETACHMENT[30] Colonel Henry Jackson 200

Jackson’s Additional Continental Regiment

Henley’s Additional Continental Regiment

William Lee’s Additional Continental Regiment

Garry Wheeler Stone

Revised to 1 December 2010

-----------------------

[1] Brigade structure is based on Charles H. Lesser, The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

[2] Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, David Library of the American Revolution, film 44.

[3] Brigade commanders are taken from John U. Rees, “’What is this you have been about to day?’ The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” on-line at .

[4]Entries marked * are from a brigade-by-brigade field return taken at Manalapan Brigade, 28 June 1778. Reproduced in William S. Stryker, The Battle of Monmouth (Princeton: Princeton Un. Press, 1927), p. 120.

[5] William Irvine to John Davis, 30 June 1778, in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 2 (1878), pp. 147-148.

[6] At the Manalapan Bridge muster, only 3 colonels were in the brigade. It is not clear whether Henry Bicker (2PA) or George Nagel (10PA) was absent.

[7] “We were in the front Line though not engag’d.” Lt.-Col. Persifor Frazer to his wife, Polly, 30 June 1778, in General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir Compiled Principally from his own papers (Philadelphia, 1907), p. 182.

[8] Apparently present at Monmouth, though subsequently unwell. General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir, p. 185.

[9] Probably absent, as the brigade had only two colonels present at Manalapan Brigade.

[10] The Manalapan field return lists no colonels and only three lieutenant-colonels present, but a compilation or transcription error is present as Craig and Spencer are known to have taken part in the battle.

[11] Trussell, Pennsylvania Line, p. 137.

[12] Brigadier-General John Glover was commanding West Point. George Athan Billias, General John Glover and His Marblehead Mariners (NY: Henry Holt, 1960), p. 161.

[13] Ebenezer Wild, 1 MA, Diary: formed on an eminence our artillery in our front; retired into woods during cannonade.

[14] Deposition supporting pension application of John Van Demark, 2NY: in reserve in edge of woods; ordered to prime & load as enemy advancing (W16557).

[15] “Extracts from the Diary of Captain John Nice [13th PA],” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 16 (1892):406.

[16] David Cooper pension application: positioned on the extreme left behind the 1st line (John U. Rees, “I Expect to be Stationed in Jersey . . ..” (MS, 1994), Appendix P, p. 3.

[17] Steven Jarvis (Sergeant, Queen’s American Rangers), Autobiography. New York Historical Society, Miscellaneous Microfilms, roll 17. Copy courtesy Michael S. Adelberg.

[18] James Monroe, The Writings of James Monroe (NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1898-1903), vol. 1, p. 1.

[19] George Washington, General Orders, 22 June 1778.

[20] Elijah Fisher’s Diary, pp. 275-292 in Carlos E. Godfrey, The Commander-in-Chief’s Guard (Washington: Stevenson-Smith, 1904).

[21] John T. Hayes, The Saddlebag Almanac, vol. 4, no. 1 (January 1996), pp. 1-29.

[22] Research by Charles W. Griswold . His ancestor, Epaphras Thompson claimed he was at Monmouth, and several officers remained in Pennsylvania after most of the regiment was sent to New York.. Files, MBSP

[23] Apparently operating as two battalions: Lt.-Col. Patton commanding the combined regiments of Grayson and Patton, while Grayson commanded 4th/8th/12th VA. Why didn’t Wood command his battalion? He was senior to Grayson and he is not listed as absent in the muster. Was he on temporary assignment or sick?

[24] The commander at the beginning of the day, Col. John Durkee (4th CT), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse.

[25] Lee Papers, III: 140-143, testimony John Cumpston. His commander, Captain David Cook, was shot through the lungs at the hedgerow (he survived).

[26] Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, film 44; printed in Friends of Monmouth Battlefield, The Battlecry, vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 2000).

[27] Lee Papers, III:63 (Lt.-Col. Meade);

[28] The initial commander, Col. James Wesson (9th MA), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse. His second, Lt.-Col. Nathaniel Ramsay (3rd MD) was captured at the Point-of-Woods.

[29] Joseph Lummis, pension application, National Archives, S41784

[30] Jackson’s, Henley’s, and Lee’s regiments were formally reconstituted as one regiment 22 April 1779.

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