University of North Carolina Wilmington



Daily Pacing Guide: Human Exploration of Antarctica349948534290000This pacing guide should be used in conjunction with the PowerPoint “Introduction to the Polar Regions”. Supplemental material that is paired with this lesson is included below. Not all information from the PowerPoint is included in this guide, as it is meant to support, not replace, the PowerPoint-guided lesson.IntroductionA Quick ReviewThe purpose of this section is to reinforce topics from the previous lesson, as well as to answer any questions that students may have about the previous material. Some important information to review is that:The Arctic is a frozen ocean and the Antarctic is a frozen continent. Antarctica is the world’s largest desert. It is the driest desert in the world and it is the windiest place on Earth.90% of the world’s ice is found in Antarctica, with 99% of the continent being covered by ice.Sea ice does not contribute to sea level rise, as the ice is already displacing water. Because land ice is on land, it is not already displacing water. When land ice melts it contributes to sea level rise.There are many misconceptions about the animals that can be found in the Antarctic. Polar bears can only be found in the Arctic and penguins will never be found in the Arctic.There are no terrestrial (land) mammals in Antarctica. There are only marine mammals!Only 5 of the 19 species of true seals can be found in Antarctica. Similarly, only 5 species of penguins can be found in Antarctica.Integrated QuestionGive students a few minutes to talk and determine their answer.Ask if they agree or disagree with each other’s answers. Why or why not?ANSWERS: There are no native people of the Antarctic and there are no true permanent residents.Evolution of Antarctic MapsHow did we get from this world map to this world map?Exploration! Map Image 1During the time period when this map was created, it was thought that Antarctica was connected to the continent of South America. We know today that this is false.Map Image 2This is a map from 1620.As exploration continued, more precise maps were being created. This map shows part of the outline of the continent of Antarctica.Map Image 3This map is from 1763 and is much more precise than the maps we have previously seen.Beginning Thoughts and Age of ExplorationAge of ExplorationInterest in exploring the world started around 1500People were very interested in the southern continent because it had not been explored yet and they were not sure what was actually down there.James CookNever actually saw the continentThe First StepThe ship was a sealing vessel (hunted seals).Landed at what is now called Hughes Bay (pictured), which is located on the Davis Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.The Davis Coast is named after Captain John Davis.Jules-Sébastien Dumont d’UrvilleAdélie was his wife.Ross Ice Shelf ImageJames Clark Ross had to turn around during his mission due to the Ross Ice Shelf.It reaches 100 feet above the ocean surface.In this middle of this photo, you can see some people.Integrated QuestionGive students a few minutes to talk and determine their answer.Ask if they agree or disagree with each other’s answers. Why or why not?ANSWER: The HMS Challenger Expedition was the most important scientific expedition that took place in the Antarctic because the crew collected an immense amount of data and discovered a multitude of new species. Their data and drawings are still used today in modern marine biology and oceanography.Heroic AgeHeroic AgeThis is the time period when people started to get extremely serious, interested in, and invested in Antarctic research and discovery.This is the time when research stations started to be built.Discovery HutVideo: “Discovery Hut Virtual Tour”, by Steve Emslie Modern Stations and BasesMapThere are now 44+ permanent research stations in Antarctica.There are also many more research stations that are summer only.ActivityWebQuest: Modern Research Stations and BasesWorksheet: “WebQuest: Modern Research Stations and Bases in Antarctica”15 – 30-minute group activityThe website used for this WebQuest is needed, this can be printed out for student use.The purpose of this WebQuest is to familiarize students with the concept and design of more modern research bases. This information is presented as a WebQuest due to the large amount of detail needs to be covered. Problems with Station PersonnelRisk assessmentThe more experienced a person is, the more willing they are to take risks.A veteran researcher in Antarctica may make riskier decisions than a researcher that has never visited Antarctica before.All photos are of search and rescue trainingIntegrated QuestionGive students a few minutes to talk and determine their answer.Ask if they agree or disagree with each other’s answers. Why or why not?ANSWER: Logistics (how to build, maintain, and power a station; food and water; waste disposal), climate control (how to keep the station at a comfortable temperature), and comfort (is there enough room; working and sleeping facilities; sanitation; food quality; leisure).Scientists in AntarcticaCould you be a scientist in Antarctica?Video: “Could you be an Antarctic scientist? – Life in the Freezer | BCC”, by BBC Earth? Dogs in AntarcticaThe last dogs were taken from Antarctica in 1994. A clause in the Antarctic Treaty required that non-native species be removed from the continent. More information, including the information above, can be found here: ActivityA Researcher’s PerspectiveWorksheet: “A Researcher’s Perspective”The website used for this activity is Students should visit the webpages in the following order: research, ask a researcher, and notes from the fieldThe purpose of this activity is to get students acquainted with an actual Antarctic researcher.On a separate piece of paper have students answer the questions below. If you are local to UNCW, Dr. Emslie may be willing to come and visit the class!If you could ask Dr. Emslie a question about his research what would you ask?Is there anything you would want to ask him about going to Antarctica or living there for short periods of time?Any other questions that students may have.Exit TicketHave students complete and turn in the exit ticket before they leave. ................
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