Greece Flashcard Vocabulary



Greece Flashcard Vocabulary

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• Balkan Peninsula – location of Greece

• Peloponnesus Peninsula – branches off of the Balkan peninsula, locationof Sparta

• Aegean Sea – Body of water the borders Greece to the east

• Polis – Greek work for city-state

• Dardanelles – Strait connecting the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea

• Greek mountains – Helped and hindered the development of the Greek city states

• Iliad – tells the legend of the Trojan War

• Odyssey – tells what happened after the Trojan War

• Homer – blind poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

• Mythology – name of Greek’s polytheistic religion

• Zeus – Chief god, god of thunder

• Hera – Zeus’ wife, goddess of marriage

• Apollo – god light and music

• Athena – goddess of wisdom and warfare

• Artemis – goddess of the hunter and the moon

• Aphrodite – goddess of love and beauty

• Agora – Greek work for market place; public square

• Militaristic – focus of Spartan society

• Oligarchy – type of government in Sparta

• Direct Democracy – type of government in Athens

• Persian War – in this war the Greeks fought together against an external enemy (Persian)

• Delian League – League formed by Athens

• Peloponnesian League – League formed by Sparta

• Parthenon – temple on the acropolis in Athens

• Pericles – leader of Athens during the Golden Age, believed in democracy

• Colonization – lack of arable land and overpopulation caused this to happen in Greece

• Stages in Evolution of Athenian Democracy – monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy

• Phidias – Greek sculptor who sculpted the Statue of Athena

• Doric, Ionic, Corinthian – Greek columns; architecture

• Peloponnesian War – War between Sparta and Athens, Sparta won

• Draco – a tyrant who created Athens’ first written law codes; very strict

• Solon – a tyrant who extended citizenship (outlawed slavery

• Democratic Principles – direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen

• Phalanx – battle formation used by the Greeks

• Marathon – famous Persian Wars land battle; Greece won

• Thermopylae – battle that the movie “The 300” was based on. Persia won this battle

• Salamis – famous water battle; Greeks use a new ship design called Trireme; Greece won

• Socrates, Plato, Aristotle – famous Greek philosophers

• Women, slaves, foreigners – could not participate in Athens’ democracy

• Aeschylus and Sophocles – great writers of Greek tragedies

• Herodotus – father of history; wrote Histories, a book about the Persian Wars

• Thucydides – Greek historian; wrote about the Peloponnesian War.

• Archimedes – mathematician who discovered the principles of buoyancy and density; designed a famous screw

• Hippocrates – father of medicine

• Euclid – the father of geometry

• Pythagoras – father of numbers; created the Pythagorean theorem

• Phillip II – father of Alexander the Great; leader of Macedonian army

• Alexander the Greek – established an empire from Egypt and Greece to the borders of India

• Hellenic – Greek

• Hellenistic Culture–Greek-like culture that blended with Oriental cultures

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