Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry
1) All atoms of a given element have the same __________.
A) mass number
B) number of nucleons
C) atomic mass
D) number of neutrons
E) atomic number
2) Atoms containing radioactive nuclei are called __________.
A) radionuclides
B) radioisotopes
C) nucleons
D) nuclides
E) radioisophores
3) Which of the following is a correct representation of a beta particle?
A) [pic]e
B) [pic]β
C) [pic]e
D) [pic]e
E) [pic]β
4) Which one of the following is a correct representation of a positron?
A) [pic]e
B) [pic]β
C) [pic]e
D) [pic]e
E) [pic]β
5) Which one of the following processes results in an increase in the atomic number?
A) gamma emission
B) positron emission
C) beta emission
D) alpha emission
E) corrosion
6) What radioactive element is used to diagnose medical conditions of the heart and arteries?
A) cobalt-60
B) thallium-201
C) radium-226
D) radon-222
E) thorium-234
7) In what type of radioactive decay does the atomic number of the product increase by one?
A) alpha
B) beta
C) gamma
D) positron emission
E) electron capture
8) Which type of radioactive decay results in no change in mass number and atomic number for the starting nucleus?
A) alpha
B) beta
C) positron emission
D) electron capture
E) gamma
9) Alpha decay produces a new nucleus whose __________ than those respectively of the original nucleus.
A) atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 2 less
B) atomic number is 1 less and mass number is 2 less
C) atomic number is 2 less and mass number is 4 less
D) atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 4 more
E) atomic number is 2 more and mass number is 2 less
10) What happens to the mass number and the atomic number of an element when it emits gamma radiation?
A) The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number decreases by one.
B) The mass number decreases by four and the atomic number decreases by two.
C) The mass number increases by four and the atomic number increases by two.
D) The mass number remains unchanged while the atomic number increases by one.
E) The mass number and atomic numbers remain unchanged.
11) Atoms with the same atomic number and different mass numbers
A) do not exist.
B) are isomers.
C) are isotopes.
D) are allotropes
E) are resonance structures.
12) Carbon-11 decays by __________.
A) alpha emission
B) beta emission
C) positron emission
D) electron capture
E) neutron capture
13) The mode of decay of 32P is __________.
A) alpha emission
B) beta emission
C) positron emission
D) electron capture
E) neutron capture
14) The belt of nuclear stability ends with the element __________.
A) lead
B) polonium
C) radon
D) astatine
E) bismuth
15) Which of these nuclides is most likely to be radioactive?
A) [pic]K
B) [pic]Al
C) [pic]I
D) [pic]Am
E) [pic]Bi
16) What is required for a nuclear transmutation to occur?
A) very high temperature
B) a corrosive environment
C) a particle to collide with a nucleus
D) spontaneous nuclear decay
E) gamma emission
17) Transuranium elements have atomic numbers greater than __________.
A) 90
B) 91
C) 92
D) 93
E) 94
18) What is emitted in the nuclear transmutation, [pic]Al(n, ?) [pic]Na?
A) an alpha particle
B) a beta particle
C) a neutron
D) a proton
E) a gamma photon
19) In the nuclear transmutation represented by [pic]Pu([pic]He, [pic]n)?, what is the product?
A) uranium-242
B) curium-245
C) curium-242
D) uranium-245
E) uranium-243
20) Bombardment of uranium-238 with a deuteron (hydrogen-2) generates neptunium-237 and __________ neutrons.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
21) Which one of the following can be done to shorten the half-life of the radioactive decay of uranium-238?
A) freeze it
B) heat it
C) convert it to UF6
D) oxidize it to the +2 oxidation state
E) none of the above
22) The beta decay of cesium-137 has a half-life of 30.0 years. How many years must pass to reduce a 25 mg sample of cesium 137 to 8.7 mg?
A) 46
B) 32
C) 3.2
D) 50
E) 52
23) Cesium-131 has a half-life of 9.7 days. What percent of a cesium-131 sample remains after 60 days?
A) 100
B) 0
C) 1.4
D) 98.6
E) more information is needed to solve the problem
24) The half-life of 131I is 0.220 years. How much of a 500.0 mg sample remains after 24 hours?
A) 496 mg
B) 560 mg
C) 219 mg
D) 405 mg
E) 337 mg
Consider the following data for a particular radionuclide:
[pic]
25) What is the rate constant (in min-1) for the decay of this radionuclide?
A) 45
B) 32
C) 0.024
D) 0.032
E) 0.022
26) What is the half-life (in min) of this radionuclide?
A) 0.024
B) 0.022
C) 32
D) 0.032
E) 45
27) Which one of the following devices converts radioactive emissions to light for detection?
A) Geiger counter
B) photographic film
C) scintillation counter
D) none of the above
E) radiotracer
28) Which one of the following is true?
A) Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic.
B) Some spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic.
C) All spontaneous nuclear reactions are exothermic.
D) There is no relationship between exothermicity and spontaneity in nuclear reactions.
E) All spontaneous nuclear reactions are endothermic.
29) The mass of a proton is 1.673 × 10-24 g. The mass of a neutron is 1.675 × 10-24 g. The mass of the nucleus of an 56Fe atom is 9.289 × 10-23 g. What is the nuclear binding energy (in J) for a 56Fe nucleus? (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)
A) 2.57 × 10-16
B) 7.72 × 10-8
C) 8.36 × 10-9
D) 7.65 × 10-11
E) 6.07 × 106
30) The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and that of a neutron is 1.00867 amu. What is the mass defect (in amu) of a [pic]Ni nucleus? (The mass of a nickel-60 nucleus is 59.9308 amu.)
A) 0.5449
B) 1.2374
C) 0.5491
D) 28.7930
E) 1.3066
31) What type of reaction is known as a thermonuclear reaction?
A) fission
B) fusion
C) transmutation
D) beta emission
E) neutron emission
32) In balancing the nuclear reaction [pic]U → [pic]E + [pic]He, the identity of element E is __________.
A) Pu
B) Np
C) U
D) Pa
E) Th
33) This reaction is an example of __________.
[pic]Po → [pic]Pb + _____
A) alpha decay
B) beta emission
C) gamma emission
D) positron emission
E) electron capture
34) Nuclei above the belt of stability can lower their neutron-to-proton ratio by __________.
A) beta emission
B) gamma emission
C) positron emission
D) electron capture
E) Any of the above processes will lower the neutron-to-proton ratio.
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