NOTES 4.3: Atomic Number, Mass Number, Isotopes and Atomic ...
[Pages:16]NOTES ? 4.3: Atomic Number, Mass Number, Isotopes and Atomic Mass
Summary of atomic structure:
ATOMIC NUMBER:
Designates the number of protons in a nucleus of an atom
Each element has a characteristic atomic number (the same atomic # for ALL atoms of the same element)
The number of electrons equals the atomic number in a neutral atom
MASS NUMBER:
Designates the total number of protons + neutrons in an atom
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
Atoms of the same element can have different mass numbers
Periodic Table Symbol Key:
6
Atomic number (Z)
C
Element's symbol
Carbon 12.011
Element's name Atomic mass (A)
# of protons = Z # of electrons = # of protons (in a neutral atom) # of neutrons = A - Z
Determining # p+, n, and e- from chemical symbols:
Example 1: # protons = 6 # electrons= 6 # neutrons= 14-6 = 8
Mass # Atomic #
14
C
6
Example 2: # protons = 7 # electrons= 7 # neutrons= 15-7 = 8
15
N
7
ISOTOPES:
Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, but different mass numbers
Nuclear Symbol or isotopic symbol ? shows number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom
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