Common Elements and Atomic Structure



Computer Lab - Atomic Structure and Atomic Models and Timeline



Click on the above website and follow the "next" arrows. Answer the questions below as you work through the website.

1. What elements are in these common items? The pictures show marbles, balloons, rust on a VW, an element in a hand, a sign, and a soda can. Your job is to identify the elements that are present in these objects. I'll do the first one for you-- Marbles are made of glass, which comes from element silicon.

2. List the three subatomic particles that make up atoms. Give the mass and charge of each one. Click on the particles for your answers.

! Use the interactive model to build model atoms for the elements in your chart. Pay attention to the feedback so that you are building balanced (total charge = zero) atoms. DO NOT build isotopes! (The element symbols with a number represent isotopes, which are other forms of the same element but not as common.)

3. Fill in the information for elements on your chart. Record the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for balanced atoms of each element indicated. The first one is done for you. Start by adding a proton and electron together and last add neutrons until you get an element symbol without a number beside it. Note: Whenever you add a proton, you must add an electron at the same time.

|Element Name |Number of Protons |Number of Electrons |Number of Neutrons |Atomic Number |Weight or |Balanced ? |

| | | | | |Mass Number |Total Charge= ? |

|Hydrogen |1 |1 |0 |1 |1 |Balanced = 0 |

|Helium | | | | | | |

|Lithium | | | | | | |

|Beryllium | | | | | | |

|Boron | | | | | | |

|Carbon | | | | | | |

|Nitrogen | | | | | | |

|Oxygen | | | | | | |

|Fluorine | | | | | | |

|Neon | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | |

4. The name of the element changes when _________________ are changed. Based on this which particle controls the identity of an element?

5. What type of atom do you get when you change the number of neutrons in the nucleus? Make a carbon atom with 6 P, 6 E and 6 N, then add neutrons. Next remove one of the six neutrons of carbon. Describe what is formed by changing the number of neutrons.

6. Return to the balanced carbon atom. What particle controls the "weight" of an atom? Describe how you used the model to come up with your answer.

7. Try to cluster the electrons together or move them into another level. Describe the behavior of the model electrons. Give a reason why this happens.

8. What do you get if the number of protons and electrons in your model is not equal? Return to the balanced carbon atom, then add or remove an electron.

! Click here to access an online version of the periodic table of elements, or use a chart in your classroom to answer number 9.

9. Add to the chart by filling out the information for these elements: sodium, aluminum, and potassium.

10. Click the next button and define: atomic number, mass number and atomic mass.

Atomic Models and Timeline

Use the powerpoint and websites below to complete the timeline chart. You can access the powerpoint in my file manager. You may also use your textbook.

Be sure you are recording your dates in order starting with Democritus 440 B.C.

You can also find other facts and pictures of the models at:



Other sites are:





Atomic Models

Use the book and information below to complete chart. Draw or describe the appearance of the atomic model as it changed as a result of the newest discovery.

Name Date Discoveries (Indicate letter and list the underlined keywords) Appearance of Model

|Democritus and Greeks |440 B.C. | | |

| |1803-1808 | | |

| |1897 | | |

| |1909-1911 | | |

| |1913 | | |

| |1920-1927 | | |

| |1927-1932 | | |

| |1932 | | |

Use the following names, dates and statements to fill in the chart.

Rutherford, Bohr, Dalton, Thomson, Democritus and Greeks, Heisenburg, Schrodinger, Chadwick

Write the letter for the following discoveries that match the scientists and date.

Most of an atom’s mass is in the nucleus.

B. There is a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

C. There are small, negativity charged particles inside an atom.

D. Electrons can jump from one level to a path in another level.

E. Atoms of different elements are different.

F. He conducted the cathode-ray tube experiment.

G. Atoms are small hard particles.

H. Atoms contain mostly empty space.

I. Atoms are “uncuttable.

J. Electrons travel in certain paths or energy levels.

K. Electron paths cannot be predicted.

L. His theory of atomic structure led to the “plum-pudding” model.

M. His model had electrons surrounding the nucleus at a distance.

N. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

O. Electrons are found in electron clouds, not paths.

P. All substances are made of atoms.

Q. Atoms are of single material formed into different shapes and sizes.

R. He conducted the gold foil experiment.

S. He wanted to know why elements combine in specific proportions.

T. Discovered neutrons.

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