Study Guide – Chapter 4 – The Structure of the Atom



Study Guide – Chapter 4 – The Structure of the Atom

Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter

1. false

2. true

3. true

4. true

5. false

6. false

7. true

8. true

9. false

10. true

Section 4.2 Defining the Atom

1. c

2. a

3. b

4. Drawing should look like a ball of chocolate chip cookie dough. The chocolate chips should be labeled with negative charge or as electrons. The dough should be labeled as evenly distributed positive charges.

5. Drawing should look like a peach with a pit. The pit should be labeled nucleus and should include labeled protons and neutrons. The outer circle of the peach should be labeled electrons.

|Particle |Symbol |Location |Relative |Relative |

| | | |Charge |mass |

|6. Proton |p( |In the nucleus |1( |1 |

|7. Neutron |n0 |In the nucleus |0 |1 |

|8. Electron |e( |In the space |1( |1/1840 |

| | |surrounding the | | |

| | |nucleus | | |

Section 4.3 How Atoms Differ

1. false

2. true

3. true

4. true

5. false

6. 82 protons; 82 electrons

7. 8 protons

8. 30

9. 85

10. 104 protons; 104 electrons

11. 84 protons; 84 electrons

12. 102 protons; 102 electrons

13. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 20neutrons

14. 14 protons, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons

15. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 21 neutrons

16. 51 protons, 51 electrons, 72 neutrons

17. The two isotopes with atomic number 19 are both isotopes of potassium.

18. [pic]

19. [pic]

20. [pic]

21. [pic]

22. mass number

23. atomic number

24. d

25. a

26. d

27. 76

28. Nb

29. 190.2

30. atomic mass units

31. osmium: 76 protons, 76 electrons; niobium:

41 protons, 41 electrons.

32. Mass contribution ’ (mass)(percent abundance)

63X: (62.930 amu)(69.17%) ’ 43.53 amu

65X: (64.928 amu)(30.83%) ’ 20.02 amu

Atomic mass of X ’ 43.53 amu + 20.02 amu ’ 63.55 amu

The element is copper.

33. Mass contribution ’ (mass)(percent abundance)

35X: (34.969 amu)(75.77%) ’ 26.50 amu

37X: (36.966 amu)(24.23%) ’ 8.957 amu

Atomic mass of X ’ 26.50 amu + 8.957 amu ’ 35.46 amu

The element is chlorine.

Section 4.4 Changes to the Nucleus—Nuclear Reactions

1. c

2. a

3. d

4. b

5. the positive plate, because beta particles are negatively charged

6. Gamma rays have no charge.

7. The beta particles have less mass than the alpha particles and ar more greatly affected by the electric field.

|Radiation Type |Composition |Symbol |Mass |Charge |

| | | |(amu) | |

| 8. Alpha |Helium nuclei, or |[pic] |4 |2( |

| |alpha particles | | | |

| 9. Beta |Electrons, beta |[pic] |1/1840 |1( |

| |particles | | | |

|10. Gamma |High-energy |[pic] |0 |0 |

| |electromagnetic | | | |

| |radiation | | | |

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