Study Guide – Chapter 4 – The Structure of the Atom
Study Guide – Chapter 4 – The Structure of the Atom
Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter
1. false
2. true
3. true
4. true
5. false
6. false
7. true
8. true
9. false
10. true
Section 4.2 Defining the Atom
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. Drawing should look like a ball of chocolate chip cookie dough. The chocolate chips should be labeled with negative charge or as electrons. The dough should be labeled as evenly distributed positive charges.
5. Drawing should look like a peach with a pit. The pit should be labeled nucleus and should include labeled protons and neutrons. The outer circle of the peach should be labeled electrons.
|Particle |Symbol |Location |Relative |Relative |
| | | |Charge |mass |
|6. Proton |p( |In the nucleus |1( |1 |
|7. Neutron |n0 |In the nucleus |0 |1 |
|8. Electron |e( |In the space |1( |1/1840 |
| | |surrounding the | | |
| | |nucleus | | |
Section 4.3 How Atoms Differ
1. false
2. true
3. true
4. true
5. false
6. 82 protons; 82 electrons
7. 8 protons
8. 30
9. 85
10. 104 protons; 104 electrons
11. 84 protons; 84 electrons
12. 102 protons; 102 electrons
13. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 20neutrons
14. 14 protons, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons
15. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 21 neutrons
16. 51 protons, 51 electrons, 72 neutrons
17. The two isotopes with atomic number 19 are both isotopes of potassium.
18. [pic]
19. [pic]
20. [pic]
21. [pic]
22. mass number
23. atomic number
24. d
25. a
26. d
27. 76
28. Nb
29. 190.2
30. atomic mass units
31. osmium: 76 protons, 76 electrons; niobium:
41 protons, 41 electrons.
32. Mass contribution ’ (mass)(percent abundance)
63X: (62.930 amu)(69.17%) ’ 43.53 amu
65X: (64.928 amu)(30.83%) ’ 20.02 amu
Atomic mass of X ’ 43.53 amu + 20.02 amu ’ 63.55 amu
The element is copper.
33. Mass contribution ’ (mass)(percent abundance)
35X: (34.969 amu)(75.77%) ’ 26.50 amu
37X: (36.966 amu)(24.23%) ’ 8.957 amu
Atomic mass of X ’ 26.50 amu + 8.957 amu ’ 35.46 amu
The element is chlorine.
Section 4.4 Changes to the Nucleus—Nuclear Reactions
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. the positive plate, because beta particles are negatively charged
6. Gamma rays have no charge.
7. The beta particles have less mass than the alpha particles and ar more greatly affected by the electric field.
|Radiation Type |Composition |Symbol |Mass |Charge |
| | | |(amu) | |
| 8. Alpha |Helium nuclei, or |[pic] |4 |2( |
| |alpha particles | | | |
| 9. Beta |Electrons, beta |[pic] |1/1840 |1( |
| |particles | | | |
|10. Gamma |High-energy |[pic] |0 |0 |
| |electromagnetic | | | |
| |radiation | | | |
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