VOLATILE AGENTS
ANTICHOLINERGICS
| |Agent |Atropine |Glycopyrrolate |Hyoscine |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|Drug | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Class |Alkaloid |Semisynthetic |Alkaloid |
| | |Tertiary amine |Quaternary amine |Tertiary amine |
| |Structure | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Presentation |1200mcg/1ml |400mcg/2ml |0.4mg/1ml |
| | | | |20mg/1ml |
| |Use |Reversal NDMBs |Reversal NDMBs |Preop med |
| | | | |Anti-sialogogue |
| | | | |Sedation |
|Admin | | | |Motion sickness |
| |Dose (mg) |15-20mcg/kg |10mcg/kg |Post auricular patch 5mcg/hr for 72hrs|
| | | | |0.4mg sc/im/iv antisialogue |
| | | | |20mg im/iv antispasmodic |
| |Onset (min) |1min |2-3min | |
| |Duration (min) |30-50min |30-60min | |
| |Vd (L/kg) | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|P/kin | | | | |
| |CL (ml/kg/min) |atro | |
| |Renal |20% |80% |1% |
| |Hepatic |80% hydrolysis |20% bile |Mostly metabolised |
| |t1/2 (min) |2.3hrs |1.25hr | |
|P/dyn |Sedation |+ |0 |+++ |
| |Antisialogogue |+ |++ |+++ |
| |( heart rate |+++ |++ |+ |
| |Relax smooth muscle |++ |++ |+ |
| |Mydriasis / |+ |0 |+++ |
| |Cycloplegia | | | |
| |Anti-nausea |+ |0 |+++ |
| |( gastric acid secn |+ |+ |+ |
| |Altered fetal HR |0 |0 |? |
Low dose ( high dose:
1. Salivary/bronchial secretions
2. Heart, eyes
3. GIT, GU
4. Gastric
ANTICHOLINERGICS
| |Agent |Atropine |Glycopyrrolate |Hyoscine |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|Drug | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Class | | | |
| |Structure | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Presentation | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Use | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|Admin | | | | |
| |Dose (mg) | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |Onset (min) | | | |
| |Duration (min) | | | |
| |Vd (L/kg) | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|P/kin | | | | |
| |CL (ml/kg/min) | | | |
| |Renal | | | |
| |Hepatic | | | |
| |t1/2 (min) | | | |
|P/dyn |Sedation | | | |
| |Antisialogogue | | | |
| |( heart rate | | | |
| |Relax smooth muscle | | | |
| |Mydriasis / | | | |
| |Cycloplegia | | | |
| |Anti-nausea | | | |
| |( gastric acid secn | | | |
| |Altered fetal HR | | | |
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