Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
Introduction to IoWA-PCIT ManualThe IoWA-PCIT manual builds on 50 years of research on attachment theory and behaviorism. It also builds on intervention research based on attachment theory or behaviorism, manuals used in these research projects, my clinical experience providing attachment and behavioral interventions, and my experience training therapists in these interventions. Details regarding the theoretical underpinnings and rationale for the IoWA-PCIT protocol are described in Troutman (2015). The intervention described in this manual is primarily targeted to children aged 2 to 7 referred for concerns about disruptive behavior (e.g. tantrums, noncompliance, and aggression), attachment, and/or problems in parent-child interaction. By making some age-appropriate adaptations, the intervention can be applied to somewhat younger children (between the ages of 1 and 2) and somewhat older children (between the ages of 7 and 10) with these presenting concerns. With diagnosis-specific adaptations, the intervention can be used with children presenting with disruptive behavior who have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Reactive Attachment Disorder, and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The intervention can also be used with children who are involved in the child welfare system as the result of physical abuse and/or neglect.The behavioral and attachment interventions that have influenced the development of this manual are discussed briefly below. I have learned from each of the interventions and protocols cited and highly recommend them. I am a firm believer in therapists finding a protocol that “fits” them and the families for whom they provide interventions. While I hope this protocol will fit you and the families you work with, it is important to know there are a number of other excellent protocols available if this protocol is not a good fit. I consider the protocols I cite below to be some of the best.Interventions based primarily on attachment theoryThe IoWA-PCIT protocol builds on previous interventions based on attachment theory and the excellent manuals for these interventions. First, it builds on the attachment intervention for irritable infants developed by Dymphna van den Boom PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvb208L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTg4PC9Z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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj52YW4gZGVuIEJvb208L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4xOTg4PC9Z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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (D. van den Boom, 1988, 1989, 1994; D van den Boom, 1995). Dr. van den Boom’s model of using coding of parent responsiveness to infant distress to guide parent coaching was especially important to the development of this manual. Another van den Boom (1988, 1989, 1994, 1995) strategy adapted for this model is the use of observations about the parent’s effective strategies for soothing the infant in order to increase sensitive responsiveness by using the infant’s response to reinforce the parent’s efforts. Her emphasis on the steps involved in responding sensitively (i.e. observe, interpret, choose response) also influenced the coaching strategies used in IoWA-PCIT. This protocol also builds on the following attachment theory-based interventions: Watch, Wait, and Wonder ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Cohen</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>570</RecNum><DisplayText>(Cohen et al., 1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>570</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="w5w5zw927sar0bezxdkpfrv4509twsezr502" timestamp="0">570</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cohen, N.</author><author>Muir, E.</author><author>Lojkasek, M.</author><author>Muir, R.</author><author>Parker, C.</author><author>Barwick, M.</author><author>Brown, M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Watch, wait and wonder: Testing the effectiveness of a new approahc to mother-infant psychotherapy.</title><secondary-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Infant Mental Health Journal</full-title></periodical><pages>429-451</pages><volume>20</volume><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Cohen et al., 1999); Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Dozier</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>836</RecNum><DisplayText>(M. Dozier, Peloso, Lewis, Laurenceau, & Levine, 2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>836</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1309232777">836</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dozier, M.</author><author>Peloso, E.</author><author>Lewis, E.</author><author>Laurenceau, J.</author><author>Levine, S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Effects of an attachment-based intervention on the cortisol production of infants and toddlers in foster care</title><secondary-title>Development and Psychopathology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Development and Psychopathology</full-title></periodical><pages>845-859</pages><volume>20</volume><dates><year>2008</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(M. Dozier, Peloso, Lewis, Laurenceau, & Levine, 2008); Circle of Security (COS) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hoffman</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>928</RecNum><DisplayText>(Hoffman, Marvin, Cooper, & Powell, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>928</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1316099854">928</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hoffman, K.</author><author>Marvin, R.</author><author>Cooper, G.</author><author>Powell, B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Changing toddlers' and preschoolers' attachment classifications: The Circle of Security intervention</title><secondary-title>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology</full-title></periodical><pages>1017-1026</pages><volume>74</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Hoffman, Marvin, Cooper, & Powell, 2006); Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Fraiberg</Author><Year>1975</Year><RecNum>1047</RecNum><DisplayText>(Fraiberg, Adelson, & Shapiro, 1975; Lieberman, Ippen, & Van Horn, 2006)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1047</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1405235133">1047</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fraiberg, S.</author><author>Adelson, E.</author><author>Shapiro, V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to impaired infant-mother relationships</title><secondary-title>Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry</full-title></periodical><pages>387-421</pages><volume>14</volume><dates><year>1975</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Lieberman</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>898</RecNum><record><rec-number>898</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1315884272">898</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lieberman, A. F.</author><author>Ippen, C.</author><author>Van Horn, P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Child-Parent Psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial</title><secondary-title>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</full-title></periodical><pages>913-917</pages><volume>45</volume><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Fraiberg, Adelson, & Shapiro, 1975; Lieberman, Ippen, & Van Horn, 2006), Relationship Intervention for Parents ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Moss</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>923</RecNum><DisplayText>(Moss, Dubois-Comtois, Cyr, St-Laurent, & Bernier, 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>923</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1316098059">923</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moss, E.</author><author>Dubois-Comtois, K.</author><author>Cyr, C.</author><author>St-Laurent, D.</author><author>Bernier, A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: A randomized control trial</title><secondary-title>Development and Psychopathology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Development and Psychopathology</full-title></periodical><pages>195-210</pages><volume>23</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Moss, Dubois-Comtois, Cyr, St-Laurent, & Bernier, 2011); and Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>van Zeijl</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>798</RecNum><DisplayText>(van Zeijl et al., 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>798</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="0">798</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>van Zeijl, Jantien</author><author>Mesman, J.</author><author>Stolk, M.</author><author>Alink, L.</author><author>van IJzendoorn, M.</author><author>Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.</author><author>Juffer, F.</author><author>Koot, H.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Differential susceptibility to discipline: The moderating effect of child temperament on the association between maternal discipline and early childhood externalizing problems</title><secondary-title>Journal of Family Psychology</secondary-title></titles><pages>626-636</pages><volume>21</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(van Zeijl et al., 2007). Research on WWW, CPP, and ABC PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db2hlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5Db2hlbjwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjE5OTk8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Cohen et al., 1999; M. Dozier, Higley, Albus, & Nutter, 2002; M. Dozier et al., 2008; Mary Dozier, Stoval, Albus, & Bates, 2001) provided empirical support for my clinical observations regarding the value of child-led play but shifted my focus from individual play therapy to dyadic therapy with primary caregivers. Watch, Wait, and Wonder (WWW), Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC), Circle of Security (COS), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), Relationship Intervention for Parents ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Moss</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>923</RecNum><DisplayText>(Moss et al., 2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>923</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1316098059">923</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moss, E.</author><author>Dubois-Comtois, K.</author><author>Cyr, C.</author><author>St-Laurent, D.</author><author>Bernier, A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: A randomized control trial</title><secondary-title>Development and Psychopathology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Development and Psychopathology</full-title></periodical><pages>195-210</pages><volume>23</volume><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Moss et al., 2011) and Beatrice Beebe’s research and therapeutic insights PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWViZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTY8L1llYXI+PFJl
Y051bT41OTM8L1JlY051bT48RGlzcGxheVRleHQ+KEJlZWJlLCBDb2hlbiwgJmFtcDsgTGFjaG1h
bm4sIDIwMTY7IEJlZWJlIGV0IGFsLiwgMjAxMDsgQmVlYmUgJmFtcDsgTGFjaG1hbm4sIDIwMTQp
PC9EaXNwbGF5VGV4dD48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjU5MzwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWln
bi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9Inc1dzV6dzkyN3NhcjBiZXp4ZGtwZnJ2NDUwOXR3
c2V6cjUwMiIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDg1ODA3Njg5Ij41OTM8L2tleT48L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48
cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iQm9vayI+NjwvcmVmLXR5cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48
YXV0aG9yPkJlZWJlLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+Q29oZW4sIFAuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv
cj5MYWNobWFubiwgRi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48
dGl0bGU+VGhlIG1vdGhlci1pbmZhbnQgaW50ZXJhY3Rpb24gcGljdHVyZSBib29rPC90aXRsZT48
L3RpdGxlcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+MjAxNjwveWVhcj48L2RhdGVzPjxwdWItbG9jYXRpb24+TmV3
IFlvcms8L3B1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj48cHVibGlzaGVyPk5vcnRvbjwvcHVibGlzaGVyPjx1cmxzPjwv
dXJscz48L3JlY29yZD48L0NpdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWViZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIw
MTA8L1llYXI+PFJlY051bT41OTI8L1JlY051bT48cmVjb3JkPjxyZWMtbnVtYmVyPjU5MjwvcmVj
LW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIgZGItaWQ9Inc1dzV6dzkyN3NhcjBi
ZXp4ZGtwZnJ2NDUwOXR3c2V6cjUwMiIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIxNDg1ODA3NTc0Ij41OTI8L2tleT48
L2ZvcmVpZ24ta2V5cz48cmVmLXR5cGUgbmFtZT0iSm91cm5hbCBBcnRpY2xlIj4xNzwvcmVmLXR5
cGU+PGNvbnRyaWJ1dG9ycz48YXV0aG9ycz48YXV0aG9yPkJlZWJlLCBCLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo
b3I+SmFmZmUsIEouPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NYXJrZXNlLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+
QnVjaywgSy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkNoZW4sIEguPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5Db2hlbiwg
UC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJhaHJpY2ssIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5BbmRyZXdzLCBI
LjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+RmVsZHN0ZWluLCBTLjwvYXV0aG9yPjwvYXV0aG9ycz48L2NvbnRy
aWJ1dG9ycz48dGl0bGVzPjx0aXRsZT5UaGUgb3JpZ2lucyBvZiAxMi1tb250aCBhdHRhY2htZW50
OiBBIG1pY3JvYW5hbHlzaXMgb2YgNC1tb250aCBtb3RoZXItaW5mYW50IGludGVyYWN0aW9uPC90
aXRsZT48c2Vjb25kYXJ5LXRpdGxlPkF0dGFjaG1lbnQgJmFtcDsgSHVtYW4gRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQ8
L3NlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT48L3RpdGxlcz48cGVyaW9kaWNhbD48ZnVsbC10aXRsZT5BdHRhY2ht
ZW50ICZhbXA7IEh1bWFuIERldmVsb3BtZW50PC9mdWxsLXRpdGxlPjwvcGVyaW9kaWNhbD48cGFn
ZXM+My0xNDE8L3BhZ2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+MTI8L3ZvbHVtZT48bnVtYmVyPjEtMjwvbnVtYmVyPjxk
YXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDEwPC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwvcmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0
ZT48Q2l0ZT48QXV0aG9yPkJlZWJlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxNDwvWWVhcj48UmVjTnVtPjU5
MTwvUmVjTnVtPjxyZWNvcmQ+PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+NTkxPC9yZWMtbnVtYmVyPjxmb3JlaWduLWtl
eXM+PGtleSBhcHA9IkVOIiBkYi1pZD0idzV3NXp3OTI3c2FyMGJlenhka3BmcnY0NTA5dHdzZXpy
NTAyIiB0aW1lc3RhbXA9IjE0ODU4MDc0MDkiPjU5MTwva2V5PjwvZm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxyZWYt
dHlwZSBuYW1lPSJCb29rIj42PC9yZWYtdHlwZT48Y29udHJpYnV0b3JzPjxhdXRob3JzPjxhdXRo
b3I+QmVlYmUsIEIuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5MYWNobWFubiwgRi48L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhv
cnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PHRpdGxlcz48dGl0bGU+VGhlIG9yaWdpbnMgb2YgYXR0YWNobWVu
dDogSW5mYW50IHJlc2VhcmNoIGFuZCBhZHVsdCB0cmVhdG1lbnQ8L3RpdGxlPjwvdGl0bGVzPjxk
YXRlcz48eWVhcj4yMDE0PC95ZWFyPjwvZGF0ZXM+PHB1Yi1sb2NhdGlvbj5OZXcgWW9yazwvcHVi
LWxvY2F0aW9uPjxwdWJsaXNoZXI+Um91dGxlZGdlPC9wdWJsaXNoZXI+PHVybHM+PC91cmxzPjwv
cmVjb3JkPjwvQ2l0ZT48L0VuZE5vdGU+AG==
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZWViZTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTY8L1llYXI+PFJl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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Beebe, Cohen, & Lachmann, 2016; Beebe et al., 2010; Beebe & Lachmann, 2014) influenced my emphasis on attending to parents’ working models of attachment when providing a dyadic intervention. Research on Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) provided the concept of “responsive discipline” and ideas about teaching parents to give time-outs in a manner that was consistent with attachment theory ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>van Zeijl</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>798</RecNum><DisplayText>(van Zeijl et al., 2007)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>798</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="0">798</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>van Zeijl, Jantien</author><author>Mesman, J.</author><author>Stolk, M.</author><author>Alink, L.</author><author>van IJzendoorn, M.</author><author>Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.</author><author>Juffer, F.</author><author>Koot, H.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Differential susceptibility to discipline: The moderating effect of child temperament on the association between maternal discipline and early childhood externalizing problems</title><secondary-title>Journal of Family Psychology</secondary-title></titles><pages>626-636</pages><volume>21</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(van Zeijl et al., 2007).Interventions based primarily on behaviorism As indicated by the name, IoWA-PCIT clearly builds on previous PCIT protocols PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FeWJlcmc8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5FeWJlcmc8L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDExPC9ZZWFyPjxS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=
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (Eyberg, 1999; Eyberg & Funderburk, 2011; Girard, 2014; Hembree-Kigin & McNeil, 1995; McNeil, 2004; McNeil & Hembree-Kigin, 2010; Urquiza, Zebell, Timmer, McGrath, & Whitten, 2011). It also builds on other behavioral parent management protocols. Specifically, it builds on Helping the Noncompliant Child ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>McMahon</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>594</RecNum><DisplayText>(McMahon & Forehand, 2003)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>594</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="w5w5zw927sar0bezxdkpfrv4509twsezr502" timestamp="1485808977">594</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>McMahon, R.</author><author>Forehand, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Helping the noncompliant child</title></titles><edition>Second</edition><dates><year>2003</year></dates><pub-location>New York</pub-location><publisher>Guilford</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(McMahon & Forehand, 2003), Hanf’s two-stage parent training model ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Hanf</Author><Year>1969</Year><RecNum>596</RecNum><DisplayText>(Hanf, 1969)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>596</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="w5w5zw927sar0bezxdkpfrv4509twsezr502" timestamp="1485809248">596</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Paper">47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Hanf, C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A two-stage program for modifying maternal controlling during mother-child (M-C) interaction</title><secondary-title>Western Psychological Association</secondary-title></titles><dates><year>1969</year></dates><pub-location>Vancouver, British Columbia</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Hanf, 1969), Incredible Years ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Webster-Stratton</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>597</RecNum><DisplayText>(Webster-Stratton, 1982)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>597</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="w5w5zw927sar0bezxdkpfrv4509twsezr502" timestamp="1485809433">597</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Webster-Stratton, C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Teaching mothers through videotape modeling to change their children's behavior</title><secondary-title>Journal of Pediatric Psychology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Pediatric Psychology</full-title></periodical><pages>279-294</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>1982</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Webster-Stratton, 1982) and behavioral parent training protocols based on Patterson’s model ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Patterson</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>595</RecNum><DisplayText>(Patterson, 1982)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>595</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="w5w5zw927sar0bezxdkpfrv4509twsezr502" timestamp="1485809046">595</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Patterson, G.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Coercive family process</title></titles><dates><year>1982</year></dates><pub-location>Eugene, Oregon</pub-location><publisher>Castalia Publishing Company</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(Patterson, 1982).Similarities of IoWA-PCIT manual and previous PCIT manualsAccording to Eyberg ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite ExcludeAuth="1"><Author>Eyberg</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>1107</RecNum><DisplayText>(2005)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1107</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="955xzrtrzpvw0seeex6vf52ne0sza900srvz" timestamp="1480540535">1107</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Eyberg, S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Tailoring and adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to new populations</title><secondary-title>Education and Treatment of Children</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Education and Treatment of Children</full-title></periodical><pages>197-201</pages><volume>28</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2005</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(2005), the core defining features of PCIT include: 1) Parent and child are seen in joint sessions focused on increasing positive interactions, 2) The focus of the coaching is modifying patterns of interaction by shaping the behaviors of both the parent and the child, 3) The therapist coaches the parent in positive parenting skills, and 4) The therapist coaches the parent during two types of interactions: following the child’s lead and leading the child. While the first three features are characteristic of a number of different interventions, the fourth feature appears to be unique to PCIT and other Hanf-based behavioral interventions. In developing IoWA-PCIT, an effort was made to maintain these four core features of PCIT.Summary of similarities between IoWA-PCIT and other PCIT protocols include:Dyadic Parent Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) coding at pre-treatment and beginning of coaching sessionsEyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) at pre-treatment and coaching sessionsCoaching parent in Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) Coaching parent in Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI)Summary of additionsAt the pre-treatment assessment, a clinical assessment of attachment using the preschool separation reunion procedure is added.For CDI sessions, space to record observations relevant to improving security of attachment is added to the CDI coding sheet.Code the coach forms for CDI and PDI sessions are added to improve therapist training and monitoring of therapist coaching. Information on using video review sessions (as needed) to promote treatment retention, skill-building, and/or reflective functioning is added.Optional handouts on patterns of attachment are added for therapists to better understand these patterns. These handouts may also be used when discussing attachment with parents.Differences between IoWA-PCIT and other PCIT protocols PCIT strategies described in previous PCIT handouts or therapist manuals were modified, updated, or fine-tuned in order to make them more consistent with current research on attachment theory. The goal of these changes was to: 1) promote security of attachment while addressing behavior problems, 2) improve retention, and 3) address resistance to changing patterns of interaction. Changes from previous PCIT manuals also focused on making handouts for parents easier to teach and easier to learn. Changes to coding sheets focused on incorporating observations of attachment and making the coding sheets more “user-friendly”.Differences in DPICS coding sheetsPre-treatment DPICS coding sheets are simplified by focusing on the coding information most relevant to the pre-treatment assessment. 1) For pre-treatment coding of child-led play, only parent verbalizations are coded (i.e. child compliance with commands is not coded). This change was based on the observation that most PCIT research does not report on child compliance during child-led play and previous PCIT protocols did not track this information. In addition, parent verbalizations are listed in the DPICS priority order on the coding sheet in order to help beginning therapists learn this order. For pre-treatment DPICS coding of parent-led play and clean-up, the only parent verbalizations coded are negative talk and commands. This change was made in order to make it easier to code child compliance with commands which is of primary interest in children referred for disruptive behavior. Differences in CDI teach handoutsCDI handouts are modified to make them more consistent with attachment theory. For example, there are no statements about ignoring crying and or “negative attention-seeking behavior”. A handout on zone of proximal development and scaffolding was added to help parents understand how their supportive presence and use of CDI skills contributes to better behavior during CDI and improvement in their child’s functioning outside of CDI.CDI handouts are modified to make them more attractive and make the skills and rationale for the skills easier to present to parents.Differences in PDI teach handoutsPDI handouts are modified to emphasize the teaching aspect of the PDI protocol and deemphasize the punishment aspect.PDI handouts are modified to make the information easier to present to parents. Differences in coachingModifications to coaching are based on an understanding of how relationships with attachment figures influence working models of attachment. Specifically, the process of coaching is emphasized. Consistent with interventions based on attachment theory, there is an emphasis on the use of parallel process to understand and promote positive change in parents’ working models of attachment. That is, there is an emphasis on providing parents with the type of experiences we want them to be able to provide for their children. There is also a greater emphasis on the use of observations in IoWA-PCIT coaching. The IoWA-PCIT manual includes coding of coaching in order to reinforce the specific types of coaching emphasized in IoWA-PCIT.The other difference in coaching is the IoWA-PCIT model uses an understanding of working models of attachment (pattern of child-parent attachment; parent state of mind) to tailor coaching to working models of attachment.References ADDIN EN.REFLIST Beebe, B., Cohen, P., & Lachmann, F. (2016). The mother-infant interaction picture book. New York: Norton.Beebe, B., Jaffe, J., Markese, S., Buck, K., Chen, H., Cohen, P., . . . Feldstein, S. (2010). The origins of 12-month attachment: A microanalysis of 4-month mother-infant interaction. Attachment & Human Development, 12(1-2), 3-141. Beebe, B., & Lachmann, F. (2014). The origins of attachment: Infant research and adult treatment. New York: Routledge.Cohen, N., Muir, E., Lojkasek, M., Muir, R., Parker, C., Barwick, M., & Brown, M. (1999). Watch, wait and wonder: Testing the effectiveness of a new approahc to mother-infant psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20, 429-451. Dozier, M., Higley, E., Albus, K., & Nutter, A. (2002). Intervening with foster infants' caregivers: Targeting three critical needs. Infant Mental Health Journal, 23(5), 541-554. Dozier, M., Peloso, E., Lewis, E., Laurenceau, J., & Levine, S. (2008). Effects of an attachment-based intervention on the cortisol production of infants and toddlers in foster care. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 845-859. Dozier, M., Stoval, K. C., Albus, K. E., & Bates, B. (2001). Attachment for infants in foster care: The role of caregiver state of mind. Child Development, 72(5), 1467-1477. Eyberg, S. (1999). Parent-child interaction therapy: Integrity checklists and session materials. Retrieved from Eyberg, S. (2005). Tailoring and adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to new populations. Education and Treatment of Children, 28(2), 197-201. Eyberg, S., & Funderburk, B. (2011). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Protocol: PCIT International, Inc.Fraiberg, S., Adelson, E., & Shapiro, V. (1975). Ghosts in the nursery: A psychoanalytic approach to impaired infant-mother relationships. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 14, 387-421. Girard, E. (2014). Adapted PCIT Course of Treatment Manual. Hanf, C. (1969). A two-stage program for modifying maternal controlling during mother-child (M-C) interaction. Paper presented at the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, British Columbia. Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. New York: Plenum Press.Hoffman, K., Marvin, R., Cooper, G., & Powell, B. (2006). Changing toddlers' and preschoolers' attachment classifications: The Circle of Security intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1017-1026. Lieberman, A. F., Ippen, C., & Van Horn, P. (2006). Child-Parent Psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 913-917. McMahon, R., & Forehand, R. (2003). Helping the noncompliant child (Second ed.). New York: Guilford.McNeil, C. (2004). Manual for Parent-Child Interaction Therapy adapted for the SAMHSA Unity Project. McNeil, C., & Hembree-Kigin, T. (2010). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Second Edition. New York: Springer.Moss, E., Dubois-Comtois, K., Cyr, C., St-Laurent, D., & Bernier, A. (2011). Efficacy of a home-visiting intervention aimed at improving maternal sensitivity, child attachment, and behavioral outcomes for maltreated children: A randomized control trial. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 195-210. Patterson, G. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, Oregon: Castalia Publishing Company.Urquiza, A., Zebell, N., Timmer, S., McGrath, J., & Whitten, L. (2011). Course of Treatment Manual for PCIT-TC. van den Boom, D. (1988). Neonatal irritability and the development of attachment: Observation and intervention. (dissertation), University of Leiden. van den Boom, D. (1989). Neonatal irritability and the development of attachment. In G. Kohnstamm, J. Bates & M. Rothbart (Eds.), Temperament in Childhood: John Wiley & Sons.van den Boom, D. (1994). The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457-1477. van den Boom, D. (1995). Do first-year intervention effects endure? Follow-up during toddlerhood of a sample of Dutch irritable infants. Child Development, 66, 1798-1816. van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Stolk, M., Alink, L., van IJzendoorn, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., . . . Koot, H. (2007). Differential susceptibility to discipline: The moderating effect of child temperament on the association between maternal discipline and early childhood externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 626-636. Webster-Stratton, C. (1982). Teaching mothers through videotape modeling to change their children's behavior. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 7(3), 279-294. ................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- outpatient behavioral health services obhs section ii
- treatment plan goals objectives
- parent child interaction therapy
- indiana department of child services
- diagnosis and treatment planning in counseling
- behavioral health mou template health plan county
- pycm035 university of exeter
- understanding intergenerational attachment disorders the