高中数学易错、易混、易忘问题备忘录



The Attributive Clause

Teaching aims

1. to learn the attributive clause with preposition

2. to learn non-restrictive attributive clause

3. to learn attributive clause introduced by relative adverb

Teaching important points

1. the usage of “preposition + relative pronoun

2. the usage and function of the relative adverb

Teaching difficult points

1. the choice of the prepositions in the attributive clause

2. the choice of the relative adverb

Teaching methods

1. to learn some usage of attributive clause using explanation and inductive method

2. individual or pair work to make every student work in class

Teaching aids

1.a projector

2.some slides

3.multi-media

Teaching procedures

I:概念：用一个句子放在一个名词或代词的后面作定语。

She is the girl whom I am looking for.

先行词 关系代词

This is the village where she grew up.

先行词 关系副词

1.引导定语从句的关系词

指代人 who，whom，that

指代事物 which，that

所属关系whose，of which，of whom

指地点 where

指时间 when

指原因 why

2．关系代词在从句中可以：

|  |指人 |指物 |主语 |宾语 |

|that | | | | |

|which | | | | |

|who | | | | |

|whom | | | | |

何时可以省略？

关系代词（副词）在定从中的成份：

1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.

2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.

3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.

4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.

5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.

6. I like the person to whom you just talked.

7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together.

8. We shall never the days when we lived together.

II:如何判断一个句子是定语从句

第一步：一般定语从句的结构是

“先行词+关系代/副词+从句”。

(牢固树立这一概念后，可减少很多不该出现的错误。)

第二步：如何选择关系词

方法一

依据先行词在从句中所做的成分

关系代词(that， which，who，whom等)主要用作主语和宾语；

关系副词(when， where，why)主要用作状语；

作定语时用whose。

　方法二：

完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。

及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；

而不及物动词则要求用关系副词

This is the village where I stayed last year.

This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.

　是用关系代词还是关系副词

1．May 1 is the day ____I‘ll never forget．

2．May 1 is the day____we spent together．

3．May 1 is the day ___I joined the army．

　　A．that /which B．when

　误：This is the house where we lived in last year． 　　

正：This is the house which／that we lived in last year． 　　

译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。 　　

III:　定语从句中的关系副词

when, where, why

1.when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当

于“介词+ 关系代词（which）”。

I’ll never forget the day when I joined

the league.

on which

2.where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

in which

3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，

相当于“介词for+ 关系代词which）”。

Do you know the reason why she

was late.

for which

考点：介词+关系代词

e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who

C. from whom D. to whom

IV:关系代词前介词的确定

1 . 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，如：

e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure.

The book _____ which I am looking is an English book .

He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend .

He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.

Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, ______ all of which activities dolphins are expert.

2.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：

e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?

The boy to whom I sent an e-mail is my best friend .

3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：

e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.

The rate ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.

This is our classroom ,______________which there is a teacher’s desk.

4．非限制性定语从句中要表示先行词的一部分时，可用名词/数词/代词 + of + which/whom”的结构，如：

e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.

The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _______ are women.

The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.

I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.

5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：

e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.

They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.

They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.

There are 20 students in this class, ______ are different.

A.whose backgrounds

B.the backgrounds of whom

C.of whom the backgrounds

D.the backgrounds of whose

1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.

2. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.

3. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?

V:定语从句中的主谓一致

1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。例如：

The boy who is standing at the door is my son.

2、在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.

3、在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。例如：

This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.

VI:As作关系代词

1．引导限制性定语从句，用在“such… as”, “the same …as”等结构中，常译作“像……一样的人或物”，“凡是……的人或物”。e.g

He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

2. 引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句)，意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以放在句首，句中，或句末。e.g

This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

As is well known, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.

As we expected, he completed his task with great success.

The compass was invented in China, as we know now.

若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be said be known,be expected, be reported , be announced等结构时，不论是在句首，句中， 句末，都必须as用来引导. e.g

As is known to us, Taiwan is a part of China.

as 引导定语从句应注意的问题 (1)

Please compare:

is the same pen as I lost.

这支钢笔和我丢的那支一模一样。

This is the same pen that I lost.

这支钢笔就是我丢的那支。

as 引导定语从句 应注意的问题(2)

Please complete the following sentences and compare:

This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.

This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.

This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.

这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)

VII：as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。

e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.

2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。

e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.

下列情况多用which引导定语从句

1. The project ,which lasted four years .cost us 1million yuan.

2. he tore up my photo ,which upset me .

3. the game in which the young man competed were difficult.

4. he has found that which he was looking for .

Summary(小结)

Have a summary of this period.

The design of the writing on the blackboard（板书设计）

| The attributive clause |

| |

|the definition of the attributive clause |

|how to distinguish attributive clause |

|relative adverb of attributive clause |

|how to choose preposition before relative pronoun |

|difference between as and which |

Homework （ 作业设计）

Do the exercise on P34 in your workbook

Feedback of teaching （ 教学反思）

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授课人：师俊鹏

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