Solid-Phase microextraction for flavor analysis in …



Psychophysiological and cognitive effects of strawberry

plants on people in isolated environments

Zhaoming LI1,2, Hui LIU1,2,3,4, Wenzhu ZHANG2,3, Hong LIU1,2,3(

1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

2Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

3International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

4School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China

Abstract: In manned deep-space exploration, extremely isolated environments may adversely affect the mood and cognition of astronauts. Horticultural plants and activities have been proven to be effective in improving their physical, psychological, and cognitive states. To assess the effects of applying horticultural plants and activities in isolated environments, this study investigated the influence of viewing strawberry plants on the mood of people in a laboratory experiment as indicated by heart rate, salivary cortisol, and psychological scales. The results showed that heart rate and salivary cortisol were significantly decreased after viewing strawberry plants for 15 min. “Tension” and “confusion” scored using the Profile of Mood States negative mood subscales, and anxiety levels measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale were also significantly reduced. This study further explored the impact of viewing strawberry plants on cognition.

Key words: Isolated environment; Horticultural welfare; Strawberry; Mood; Cognition

1 Introduction

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Fund’s full-name (approval number). We thank Dr. Liu ZHAO (Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China) for XXX.

Author contributions

San ZHANG performed the experimental research and data analysis, wrote and edited the manuscript. Si Li performed the establishment of animal models. Wu-yi WANG contributed to the study design, data analysis, writing and editing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and, therefore, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity and security of the data.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

San ZHANG, Si LI, and Wu-yi WANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. Additional informed consent was obtained from all patients for whom identifying information is included in this article.

References

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Gregersen H, 2006. Biomechanics of the Gastrointestinal Tract. People’s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China, p.216-236 (in Chinese).

Prigogine I, 1976. Order through fluctuation: self-organization and social system. In: Jantsch E, Waddington C (Eds.), Evolution and Consciousness: Human Systems in Transition. Addison-Wesley, London, p.93-134.

Rizvi UH, 2006. Combined Multiple Transmit Antennas and Multi-level Modulation Techniques. MS Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Classification-Part 1: Classification of Steels into Unalloyed and Alloy Steels Based on Chemical Composition, ISO 4948-1:1982. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

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MOA (Ministry of Agriculture of P.R. China), 2004. Feeding Standard of Dairy Cattle, NY/T 34–2004. MOA, Beijing, China.

Supplementary information:

Table S1-S2; Figs. S1-S2; Materials and methods[pic]

-----------------------



Article type

( Hong LIU, LH64@buaa.

[pic] Hui LIU,

Received xxx. xx, 20xx; Revision accepted xxx. xx, 20xx

Crosschecked xxx. xx, 20xx; Published online xxx. xx, 20xx

© Zhejiang University Press 2021

Table 1 Sample

|Variable |Number |Survival rate (%) |Survival time (month)* |Pa |HR (95% CI) |Pb |

|5mC levels in normal tissues | | | |

|Low |34 |70.6 |51.5±2.9 | |1 | |

|High |37 |51.4 |42.5±3.4 |0.07 |2.29 (1.02–5.16) |0.04 |

|5mC levels in cancerous tissues | | | |

|Low |38 |65.8 |48.1±3.2 | |1 | |

|High |33 |54.5 |45.2±3.3 |0.39 |1.63 (0.73–3.64) |0.23 |

|C/N-5mC | | |

|Low |46 |50.0 |42.8±3.0 | |1 | |

|High |25 |80.0 |54.0±3.0 |0.01 |0.36 (0.13–0.96) |0.04 |

|C/N-5hmC | | |

|Low |24 |75.0 |51.5±3.8 | |1 | |

|High |47 |53.2 |44.3±2.8 |0.08 |2.01 (0.78–5.41) |0.14 |

Pa values for survival were determined with the log-rank test, and Pb values were measured by multivariate analyses of overall survival (Cox proportional hazards regression model) after adjustment for age, sex, and TNM stage. * Data were expressed as mean±SEM

Fig. 1 Sample

Percentage levels of 5mC (a) and 5hmC (b) in normal and cancerous tissues. Da[pic][?]>?hijuvwx?…†ˆ–™£¥¦¨©ª«¬òÜ̹­¹¡?†w†wmw†w†wmwb[SIhµ=‹hmPH*[pic]o([pic]h$ýh$ýo([pic]

hmPH*[pic]o([pic] j*ðhjm h°@-H*[pic]hjm hmPH*[pic]o([pic]hjm hmPH*[pic]

hî²H*[pic]o([pic]

hjm hmP'h‰sØhmP5?B*[pic]CJKHaJhphhµ=‹hmPH*[pic]aJ o([pic]hµ=‹hmPPJaJ o([pic]hµ=‹hmPaJ hDíta are expressed as median (P25–P75) using box-plot and the whiskers on vertical bars show minimum and maximum values. P values were determined by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test

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