The Allies Strike Back Reading Guide



The Allies Strike Back Reading Guide

32.2: Japan’s Pacific Campaign (p. 934-935)

• Objective C: Explain how the Allies were able to stop Japanese expansion.

1. The Allies – mainly ____________________ and ____________________ - were anxious to strike back in the Pacific.

2. In April 1942, _________________________________________ raised ________________________________________ and shook the ____________________ of some in ____________________.

3. Early in May 1942, the Battle of ______________________________ stopped Japan’s southward advance.

4. Admiral ______________________________, commander in chief of the US Pacific Fleet, knew that a huge Japanese force was heading toward ____________________. American pilots destroyed __________ Japanese planes, all ________________________________________, and one support ship. By June 7, 1942, the Battle of Midway __________________________________________________ in the Pacific.

• Objective D: Summarize Allied battle strategy.

5. After they victory at Midway, the Allies ________________________________________.

6. General ______________________________, the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific, wanted to “______________________________” past Japanese strongholds.

7. In February 1943, after six months of fighting on land and at sea, the Battle of ____________________ finally ended. After losing more than ____________________ of a force of ____________________ soldiers, the Japanese abandoned what they came to call “________________________________________.”

32.4: The Allied Victory

• Objective A: Describe the Allied strategy in Europe.

8. Churchill wanted Britain and the United States to strike first at ____________________ and ______________________________.

9. The North African Front: By November 4, 1942, at the Battle of ____________________, Egypt, ____________________’s army had been beaten and he and his forces fell back. As he retreated west, the Allies launched ______________________________. On November 8, 1942, an Allied force of more than __________ troops –mostly ____________________ - landed in ____________________ and ____________________. American general ________________________________________ led this force. Rommel’s Afrika Korps was finally crushed in ____________________.

10. The Eastern Front: The ________________________________________ began on August 23, 1942. ____________________ had already told his commanders to defend the city named after him to the death. ____________________’s defense had cost the Soviets over ____________________ soldiers. The city was __________% destroyed. However, the Germans were now ______________________________, with the Soviets _________________________________________________________.

11. The Italian Front: On July 10, 1943, Allied forces landed on ____________________ and captured it from ____________________ and ____________________ troops about a month later. The conquest of ____________________ toppled ____________________ from power. On September 3, Italy ____________________. But the Germans ______________________________ of northern Italy and put ____________________ back in charge. Finally, the Germans retreated northward, and the victorious Allies entered ____________________ on ______________________________.

12. How did Mussolini die?

• Objective B: List efforts made on the home front.

13. Americans produced the ____________________ and ____________________ that would help win the war.

14. Defeating the Axis powers required __________________________________________________.

15. A shortage of ______________________________ hit the United States. The American government ____________________ scare items. Setting the speed limit at __________ mph also helped save ____________________ and ____________________.

16. To inspire their people to greater efforts, Allied governments conducted highly effective ____________________ campaigns.

17. On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued an executive order calling for __________________________________________ because they were considered a threat to the country. However, ____________________ of those interned were Nisei, __________________________________________________ whose parents were ____________________.

• Objective C: Summarize events that led to the surrender of Germany and of Japan.

18. In 1943, the Allies began secretly building an ______________________________ in Great Britain. Their plan was to launch an attack on ________________________________________ across the English Channel. General ______________________________, the commander of this enormous force, planned to strike the coast of ____________________, in northwestern France. Code-named ________________________________________, the invasion began on ____________________ - known as ______________.

At dawn on that day, ______________, ______________, _____________, and _____________troops fought their way on a

_________ stretch of beach. Not surprisingly, the allies faced heavy _____________ resistence and took heavy _________________. More than _________ Americans died on D-Day.

19. By September, the Allies had liberated ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

20. In a desperate gamble, Hitler decided to ____________________. On December 16, German tanks broke through weak American defenses along a 75-mile front in the Ardennes. The push into Allied lines gave the campaign its name – the ________________________________________. Although caught off guard, the Allies eventually ________________________________________.

21. In late March 1945, the Allies rolled across the ______________________________ into ____________________. By April 25, 1945, the ____________________ had surrounded Berlin and were pounding the city with artillery fire.

22. How did Hitler die?

23. On ____________________, General Eisenhower accepted the ________________________________________ of the Third Reich from the German military. ______________________________, however, did not live to witness the long-awaited victory. His successor, ______________________________, received the news. On ____________________, the ____________________ was officially signed in Berlin.

24. Define V-E Day:

25. By the fall of 1944, the Allies were ________________________________________.

26. Define kamikazes:

27. In March 1945, after a month of bitter fighting and heavy losses, American Marines took _____________, a strategically important island _______ miles from Tokyo. On April 1, U.S. troops moved onto the island of ________________, only about _______ miles from southern Japan. The Japanese put up a ________________ fight. Nevertheless, on June 21, one of the ________________ land battles of the war ended. The Japanese lost over ______________ troops, and the Americans _____________.

28. President Truman’s advisers had informed him that an invasion of the Japanese homeland might cost the Allies ____________________ lives. Most of his advisers felt that using a powerful new weapon called the ______________________________, or ____________________, would bring the war to the quickest possible end.

29. The atomic bomb had been developed by the top-secret ________________________________________, headed by General ______________________________ and chief scientist ________________________________________.

30. On ____________________, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on ____________________. Between __________ and __________ people died in the attack. Three days later, on ____________________, a second bomb was dropped on ____________________ More than __________ people were killed immediately. ______________________________ from the two explosions killed many more.

31. Complete the table:

|Hiroshima: Day of Fire |

|Impact of the Bombing |

|Ground temperatures | |

|Hurricane force winds | |

|Energy released | |

|Buildings destroyed | |

|Killed immediately | |

|Dead by the end of 1945 | |

|Total deaths related to A-bomb | |

32. The Japanese finally surrendered to General ______________________________ on ____________________ in a ceremony that took place aboard the United States battleship ____________________ in ______________________________.

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