Azure sql database general guidelines and limitations

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Azure sql database general guidelines and limitations

Azure SQL Managed Instance is a fully-managed deployment option designed to provide near-perfect compatibility for SQL migrations. You can use Azure SQL Managed Instance to lift and shift on-prem SQL apps, and then leverage unique Azure SQL features, such as linked servers, service brokers, and database mail. However, before using managed instances, you need to take into account service pricing, connectivity, authentication, and provisioning. In this post, we'll explain what is an Azure SQL Managed Instance, what features are offered, how pricing works, and what to consider before using this service. This is part of our series of articles on Azure Databases. We'll also show how NetApp Cloud Volumes ONTAP can help address Azure SQL Managed Instance challenges before, during and after the migration phase. In this article, you will learn: Azure Options for SQL Before focusing on Azure SQL Managed Instances, it helps to understand the options provided by Azure SQL Database. Within this service, you can deploy databases as: Single databases--each instance has its own resources and functions like a single database on a SQL Server. This deployment option is designed for development of and use with cloud-native It is also available in serverless and Hyperscale variations. Elastic pools--a collection of single databases using shared resources. This deployment option is designed for development of cloud-native applications with a multi-tenant pattern. You can also use it to optimize resource use for databases with variable use requirements. Managed instances--a cluster of system and user databases that use shared resources. This deployment option is designed to mimic the on-prem SQL Server functionality. What Is Azure SQL Managed Instance? Azure SQL Managed Instance is designed to provide near-perfect compatibility with the latest SQL Server (Enterprise Edition) Database Engine used for on-premises databases. These instances enable you to deploy a native virtual network (VNet) that mimics on-premises deployments and increases security. Key Features of SQL Managed Instances Image Source: Azure Using managed instances, you can lift-and-shift on-premises SQL Servers and applications to Azure with minimal changes. This enables you to access cloud scalability and availability while eliminating the responsibilities of on-prem infrastructure maintenance, updating, and backups. When migrating to Azure SQL Database Managed Instance, you can use the Azure Database Migration Service (DMS). Key Features of Azure SQL Database Managed Instance Managed instances for SQL Database provide several features that make this deployment option stand out from single or elastic pool deployments. These features include: Linked servers that enable you to operate a distributed database Service brokers that provide native support for messaging and queuing Database mail that enables you to send emails from your database Linked Servers Linked servers enable you to read data from remote sources and execute commands for those sources from your database instance. For example, you can use this feature to execute T-SQL statements that include tables from an outside SQL Server or database. This feature enables you to configure many API data sources as linked servers, including Azure CosmosDB, Microsoft Access, and Excel. Additionally, you can use linked servers to implement sharding without direct loading or the use of custom application code. Service Broker Service Broker is a feature that provides native support for asynchronous messaging and queuing. You can use it to build distributed applications and enable communication between separate databases. When you use Service Broker, you can easily distribute workloads across databases. For example, separating quick vs process-intensive tasks on front-end vs back-end servers. This feature manages the communication paths for you, enabling you to focus on development and testing without sacrificing data consistency. Database Mail Database Mail is a feature that enables you to send e-mail messages from your Azure SQL managed instance. With it, you can send query results, notify users of completed processes, and attach files from any other in-network resource. Azure SQL Managed Instance Pricing When using Azure SQL Database Managed Instance, you can choose from two service tiers: General purpose--designed for non-mission critical applications with standard IO latency and performance requirements. With this tier, you gain access to 8TB of high-performance Azure Blob storage and built-in availability ensured with Azure Service Fabric. Business critical--designed for mission-critical applications that require low latency and that have low tolerance for performance impacts created by maintenance. With this tier, you gain access to a read-only replica, up to 4TB of local SSD storage, high-availability via Always On Availability groups and Azure Service Fabric, and In-Memory OLTP. The pricing for managed instances depends on the tier you choose in combination with the number of CPU cores you need. Below is a table summarizing these prices. Cloud pricing is subject to frequent change, for up-to-date prices and additional pricing options see the official pricing page. General purpose single instance Business Critical Single instance License-included pricing From $0.5044 / hour for 2 vCores with 10GB RAM to $20.1747 / hour for 80 vCores with 396GB RAM $1.3589 / hour for 2 vCores with 10GB RAM to $54.3548 / hour for 80 vCores with 396 GB RAM Azure Hybrid Benefit savings* 40% discount on regular License-included pricing 55% discount on regular License-included pricing Storage First 32GB/mth free then $0.115/GB up to 8TB First 32GB/mth free then $0.25/GB up to 4TB Backup storage $0.20 per GB/mth past your storage size * Azure Hybrid Benefit is a service that enables you to bring on-premises licenses with you when you migrate. Azure SQL Managed Instance Considerations When adopting Azure SQL Managed Instance there are a few considerations to keep in mind. These issues stem from the unique architecture of Azure SQL Database. Virtual networksManaged instances are deployed to a dedicated subnet in a virtual network. This enables you to directly connect to Azure VMs on the same network, any directly connected virtual network, or on-premises via ExpressRoute or Site-to-Site VPN tunnel. However, it also requires you to specially configure management and deployment services for each instance and to prevent traffic flow restrictions from outside the network. These configurations are based on your network intent policy and prevent you from provisioning any other services within the same subnet. Additionally, this subnet requires at least 16 IP addresses although 32 is preferable. Windows authentication vs SQL authentication vs Azure ADAnother issue is that Windows authentication is not supported. With Azure SQL Managed Instance, you are only able to use SQL authentication or Azure Active Directory authentication. This isn't a big deal as long as you can change methods, but this change often isn't possible with third-party applications. Additionally, SQL authentication isn't as secure as Windows authentication nor is it as easy to manage. Provisioning timeProvisioning time is another issue you are likely to encounter. Often, this process takes four hours or more to complete. This can be problematic if you need to create a new instance on short order. Additionally, keep in mind that scaling can take up to two and a half hours and deletion up to one and a half hours. However, your database does remain available during scaling, so the wait is just for the additional space, not downtime for your existing data. Azure SQL Managed Instance with Cloud Volumes ONTAP NetApp Cloud Volumes ONTAP, the leading enterprise-grade storage management solution, delivers secure, proven storage management services on AWS, Azure and Google Cloud. Cloud Volumes ONTAP supports up to a capacity of 368TB, and supports various use cases such as file services, databases, DevOps or any other enterprise workload, with a strong set of features including high availability, data protection, storage efficiencies, Kubernetes integration, and more. In particular, Cloud Volumes ONTAP helps in addressing database workloads challenges in the cloud, and filling the gap between your cloud-based database capabilities and the public cloud resources it runs on. This post is about the Azure SQL Database Limitations. Azure SQL Database is a robust, one of a kind "Database as a Service" offering from Microsoft. It has some major advantages like Built-in High Availability, Point in time database backups, Geo-Availability etc. You can set these up with a click of a button, within minutes, without the help of the IT Department or a DBA. While these are major advantages, there are some Azure SQL Database limitations which one need to look into before jumping in. Let's look at the limitations.Note: If you buy something from our links, we might earn a commission. See our affiliate disclosure statement.You cannot change the Collation settings of system objects in the Database.You will not be able to use Endpoint statements or ORIGINAL_DB_NAME.You cannot use Windows authentication on SQL Azure. You can only use SQL Logins or Azure Active Directory tokens.You will not be able to do distributed database queries using three or four part names. However, you can do read-only queries across databases by using elastic database query.Cross database ownership chaining or TRUSTWORTHY setting is not supported.You do not have Performance Data Collector sets available to capture events using tools like Perfmon.exe.Database Diagrams are not available.Database Mail is not supported Out of the box. However, you can use custom Message-Queue tables and monitor using custom agents.Instead of DATABASEPROPERTY, you need to use DATABASEPROPERTYEX.You cannot use EXECUTE AS command for logins.Encryption is supported. Extensible key management functionality is not available. See my earlier post on Azure SQL security features.Any kind of event tracking, notifications or query notifications is not supported.You cannot create custom file groups or select MDF or LDF database file placement, size, or other best practices that you would follow for SQL On-Premises or SQL in a VM on Azure. Database files are automatically managed by Microsoft Azure.You cannot manage any high availability features. Features like backup & restore, Always On, database mirroring, log shipping, recovery modes is managed through the Microsoft Azure account.Replication features are not supported which rely upon the log reader agent service for On-Premise deployments. Features like Replication, Change Data Capture are not available. However, you can use Azure Database as a subscriber to an on-premise Database or SQL on VM in Azure.SQL Server 2016 Editions supporting Replication.SQL Server 2014 Service Pack 1 Cumulative Update 3SQL Server 2014 RTM Cumulative Update 10SQL Server 2012 Service Pack 2 Cumulative Update 8You only have access to the Master Database. Any features that rely upon the SQL Server Agent or the MSDB database like backup jobs, alerts, operators, Policy-Based Management, database mail, central management servers are not supported.FILESTREAM pointing to an external file location is not supported.Global temporary tablesYou cannot manage any hardware related server settings like memory, worker threads, CPU affinity or NUMA Nodes, trace flags etc. You need to use the appropriate service tiers to meet your performance goals.HAS_DBACCESS, KILL STATS JOB, Linked servers, OPENQUERY, OPENROWSET, OPENDATASOURCE, BULK INSERT or SQL bulk insert statement to import data is not supported. Use API instead.3 and 4 part names Master/target servers etc. are not supported..NET Framework CLR integration with SQL Serversp_xml_prepare document ,OPENXML, sp_xml_removedocument are not currently supportedNo support for MDS, DQS or SSIS support. Use Azure SQL VM instead.Resource governor is managed by Azure. You cannot create custom pools or assign server resources.Full-text search is present with the following limitations:No support for installation or use of third party filters, including Office and .pdf.Customers cannot manage service settings for the host. All configurations are being managed by the service.Semantic search, thesaurus and search property lists syntax is not yet enabled.Server credentials and Sever-level items like Server roles, IS_SRVROLEMEMBER, sys.login_token. Server level permissions are not available. You need to use database-level permissions. Server-level DMV's are not available and instead you need to use database-level DMV's.Serverless express edition of SQL-like local DB, user instances are not supported.Service brokerExporting and importing a database that has external data source or external tables is not supportedThe following System Stored Procedures are not supported:SET REMOTE_PROC_TRANSACTIONSSHUTDOWNsp_addmessagesp_configure options and RECONFIGUREsp_helpusersp_migrate_user_to_containedOther Azure SQL Database LimitationsSQL Server audit is not present, you need to use SQL Database auditing instead.You cannot use SQL Server Profiler to take a SQL Server traces for analysis like Deadlocks etc.Trace flagsTransact-SQL debuggingTriggers: Server-scoped or logon triggersUSE statement database context switching is not supported. Instead, separate connections need to be used to connect to different databases.Hard limit of Databases using Automated export per subscription is 10.You can have up to 5000 databases per server on the newer V12 servers.You can have up to a max of 45000 DTUs per server on V12 servers for provisioning databases, creating elastic pools and Azure SQL Data Warehouses. See references for additional information.Please be advised that this is my personal collated list. Please refer to the official documentation for further reference: Affiliate Disclosure: is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Share

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